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    The document discusses cold storage systems for horticultural crops. It describes how mechanical refrigeration systems work using a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator coils to maintain temperatures below 2°F with humidity above 90-95%. Proper airflow using ducts or plenums is important to ensure uniform temperatures and humidity throughout storage. Alternatives to mechanical refrigeration discussed include evaporative cooling systems that use air at the wet bulb temperature and underground or insulated storage that rely on stable soil or air temperatures.

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    The document discusses cold storage systems for horticultural crops. It describes how mechanical refrigeration systems work using a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator coils to maintain temperatures below 2°F with humidity above 90-95%. Proper airflow using ducts or plenums is important to ensure uniform temperatures and humidity throughout storage. Alternatives to mechanical refrigeration discussed include evaporative cooling systems that use air at the wet bulb temperature and underground or insulated storage that rely on stable soil or air temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    43 views8 pages

    234 2852 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Omar Faruqe Arman
    The document discusses cold storage systems for horticultural crops. It describes how mechanical refrigeration systems work using a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator coils to maintain temperatures below 2°F with humidity above 90-95%. Proper airflow using ducts or plenums is important to ensure uniform temperatures and humidity throughout storage. Alternatives to mechanical refrigeration discussed include evaporative cooling systems that use air at the wet bulb temperature and underground or insulated storage that rely on stable soil or air temperatures.

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    of 8

    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"

    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015


    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Cold Storage

    Jim Thompson
    Biological & Agricultural
    Engineering, UC Davis

    Mechanical Refrigeration
    Cold Storage
    Evaporator Expansion valve
    • Temperature variation < 2°F (1°C).

    vapor liquid
    Cold Room

    Receiver

    Compressor
    Condenser 3 4

    Reciprocating Compressor
    Maintaining Temperature
    • Refrigeration capacity.

    5 6

    1
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Maintaining Temperature Finned-Tube Evaporators


    • Refrigeration capacity.
    • Evaporator coils.

    7 8

    Insulation
    Maintaining Temperature
    • Refrigeration capacity
    • Evaporator coils
    • Insulation

    9 10

    Maintaining Temperature
    • Refrigeration capacity.
    • Evaporator coils.
    • Insulation.
    • Controls/thermostat.

    Calibrate control system


    11 12

    2
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Maintaining Temperature Cold Storage


    • Refrigeration capacity. • Temperature variation < 2°F.
    • Evaporator coils. • Relative Humidity > 90% - 95%.
    • Insulation.
    • Controls/thermostat.
    • Air mixing volume (usually above fruit).

    13 14

    Maintaining High Humidity


    • Large evaporator surface.
    • High evaporator temperature.

    Higher capital cost but


    1. lower energy use.
    2. more uniform temperature.
    3. higher humidity.
    15 16

    Maintaining High Humidity Maintaining High Humidity


    • Large evaporator surface. • Large evaporator surface.
    • High evaporator temperature. • High evaporator temperature.
    • Reduce refrigeration load. • Reduce refrigeration load.
    • Humidifier.

    17 18

    3
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Humidifiers
    Maintain High Humidity
    High humidity requires uniform
    air temperature.

    Adds water to
    packing materials
    19 20

    Reduce Moisture Loss Reduce Moisture Loss


    • Minimize paper & wood packaging. • Minimize paper & wood packaging.
    • Reduce time between picking and
    cooling.
    A 2lb fiberboard
    box can absorb
    water equal to 1%
    of fruit weight.

    21 22

    Reduce Moisture Loss


    Cold Storage
    • Minimize paper & wood packaging.
    • Reduce time between picking and • Temperature variation < 2°F.
    cooling.
    • Relative Humidity > 90% - 95%.
    • Harvest during the cool hours of the day
    & protect fruit from heating. • Adequate airflow & good uniformity.

    23 24

    4
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Airflow Uniformity
    Airflow Capacity Solid ceiling plenum or duct

    • 100 cfm per ton of product for initial


    cooling (0.05 m3/mt).
    • 20 - 40 cfm per ton for long term storage
    (0.01 – 0.02 m3/mt).

    Use only as much air as is


    needed to maintain
    uniform temperature.
    25 26

    Airflow Uniformity Airflow Uniformity


    Solid ceiling plenum Slotted ceiling plenum

    no airflow

    27
    4” - 6” between pallet lanes 28

    Airflow Uniformity Airflow Uniformity


    Vertical Slots in Plenum Wall Horizontal Slots in Plenum Wall

    4” - 6” between pallet lanes 29


    Tight stack bins 30

    5
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Airflow Uniformity Airflow Uniformity


    Serpentine - Letter box Effect of missing lane

    Tight stack bins 31 Air speed reduced by 43% 32

    Alternate Refrigeration
    Sources Cool Bot

    33

    Evaporative Cooling Evaporative Cooling

    Air temperature = wet bulb temp + 1 to 3°C


    35 36

    6
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Evaporatively Cooled Storage Underground Storage

    37 38

    Well Water Temperature Construction


    Steel Frame

    39 40

    Insulation Construction - Wood Frame

    41 42

    7
    Thompson, Jim "Storage Systems"
    Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Short Course 2015 6/11/2015
    (c) Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis

    Construction Concrete Dome


    Tilt-up Concrete & Masonry

    43 44

    Controlled Atmosphere

    45

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