SDP:02

Issue 5 en-GB

Communication error
Help when troubleshooting

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135 489

© 2017 Scania CV AB Sweden

P, G, R, and S series ............................................................................ 3
Introduction ................................................................................................... 3
General troubleshooting ................................................................................ 5
Troubleshooting example: No communication between the vehicle and SDP3 12
P, G, R and T series ........................................................................... 13
Introduction ................................................................................................. 13
Troubleshooting .......................................................................................... 14
CAN chart ................................................................................................... 23

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P, G, R, and S series
Introduction
To be able to troubleshoot in the CAN network it is important to be aware of some basic factors. The
CAN technology has been developed to provide a reliable transfer of data between different compo-
nents in the vehicle. It is based on serial communication in 2 cables, called CAN-high (CAN H) and
CAN-low (CAN L). In certain cases there is also a shield cable which counteracts interference.

To reduce the risk of the CAN bus becoming overloaded with messages, Scania has chosen to mainly
divide the ECU systems into 4 CAN buses. These are called yellow, green, red and orange CAN bus.
In addition to these, there is also a network for external CAN communication designated with the
colour blue.

Besides these CAN buses, there may be additional CAN buses, designated with the colour grey. For
example, some of the units in the CCS system communicate by using an internal CAN network. The
ECU systems that are most important for driving the vehicle (BMS, COO, EMS and GMS) are con-
nected together on a CAN bus (red bus). Scania Diagnos (SDP3) is connected to the green bus.

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Junction blocks distribute the CAN bus signals to the control units on the same CAN bus. They are
available in different versions depending on whether they connect networks in the cab or on the
chassis.

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General troubleshooting
Before you start troubleshooting, you should find out whether the fault occurred in connection with
some other activity, for example connecting bodywork or installing accessories, or whether it just
occurred for no apparent reason.

For troubleshooting you need:

• SDP3 + VCI
• Multimeter
• A chart of how the control units are connected on the CAN buses.
• Fault code descriptions

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Fault code descriptions

If SDP3 cannot identify any control units, you will not get any fault code descriptions in the pro-
gram. You can solve this by going to the SDP3 menu under View > Search fault codes. There, you
can get a list of fault code descriptions per assembly part number. You can the obtain assembly part
numbers via the diagnostic mode (IVD) in the instrument cluster (ICL), provided that the instrument
cluster can establish contact with the control units and that there are fault codes.

It is not the fault codes that are the most important in this case, since it is the communication you
want to test. If the instrument cluster responds no errors it means that the communication is working.

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Termination resistors on the CAN bus

As the voltage between CAN-high and CAN-low varies the whole time, depending on whether a 1 or
a 0 is sent, you cannot control the CAN communication using a multimeter. You can, however,
check that the CAN bus termination resistors are intact by measuring the resistance between CAN-
high and CAN-low using a multimeter.

The illustration on the next page shows the junction blocks that are connected to the coordinator and
the size of each termination resistor.

The measuring should be performed on the coordinator’s pin for each CAN bus with the connector
connected. For example, the measuring of the green CAN bus can be performed at the coordinator’s
E30.B connector between the measuring points B-3 and B-12.

Note:
To be able to measure the resistance in a CAN bus, all systems must be connected and with no power
to the vehicle when measuring.

The resistance for each CAN bus must be 54-60 ohm. If the resistance is 120 ohm, this means that 1
termination resistor is missing. If the resistance is 40 or 30 ohm, then there is/are 1 or 2 termination
resistors too many on the particular CAN bus. In case of too high or low resistance in the CAN bus,
the next step is to measure the termination resistors for the coordinator, junction blocks and con-
nected control units separately.

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The coordinator’s and connected control units’ termination resistors are measured at the control
units’ pin for each CAN bus without connectors being connected. The measured value for the coordi-
nator should be 120 ohm. The measured values for the connected control units should be as shown in
the illustration above.
The junction blocks’ termination resistors are measured on each separate junction block without con-
nector. Check measuring of a junction block’s termination resistor is performed by measuring the
upper and lower rows of pins. The middle row is used for shielding. The resistance for a separate
junction block should be 120 ohm or 2.6 kohm depending on the version.

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Voltage in CAN bus

It is not possible to measure the voltage in the CAN bus to see if it varies in the circuit. The multim-
eter only measures the average of the CAN bus’s voltage levels, but this can give sufficient informa-
tion to assess the CAN bus’s electrical condition. The voltage between CAN-high and CAN-low
varies the whole time depending on whether it is a 1 or 0 that is sent. When a 1 is sent, CAN-high
and CAN-low are 2.5 V. When a 0 is sent, CAN H rises to approx. 4 V and CAN L drops to approx.
1 V. This happens so quickly that you cannot see it on a regular multimeter. The average value
shown on the multimeter should therefore be approx. 2.5 V when you measure between CAN-high
and ground and CAN-low and ground. In case of too high or too low voltage in the CAN bus, the
next step is to check if the CAN bus is short-circuited to the voltage supply or ground. To check if
this is the case, the following measurements must be performed for the specific CAN bus. The resist-
ance must be in the order of a megaohm and the measuring must be performed without power in the
vehicle.

• Measure the resistance between CAN-high and voltage supply.

• Measure the resistance between CAN-high and ground.
• Measure the resistance between CAN-low and voltage supply.
• Measure the resistance between CAN-low and ground.

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Overload in CAN bus

Faults may occur in ECU systems which make them send erroneous messages all the time in such a
quantity that the communication does not work. This is called overload. Overload can cause certain
messages to be forwarded and others not. Which in turn means that certain functions will fail.

If the green CAN bus is overloaded, this can also mean that SDP3 cannot be used. In case of over-
load on a CAN bus, one control unit at a time should be disconnected to see if the problem disap-
pears and thereby identify the defective control unit.

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Troubleshooting example: No communication between

the vehicle and SDP3
1. Check VCI – indicator lamps show status. Try to start the program again.
2. Check ICL – which systems should be there? Compare with the CAN bus chart.
3. Can ICL communicate with systems on the green CAN bus?
a) If yes, the fault is towards VCI or there is a fault in the connection to the truck or in the junc-
tion block (C479).
4. Check that the resistance on the green CAN bus between CAN-high and CAN-low is 54-60 ohm.
All systems must be connected and the vehicle without power when measuring.
a) In case of fault, check the coordinator’s, the junction block’s and connected control units’ ter-
mination resistors separately.
5. Check the voltage level for CAN-high and CAN-low in relation to the chassis ground point on
the green CAN bus. The value should be approx. 2.5 V.
a) In case of fault, check the resistance between CAN-high/CAN-low and ground/voltage supply
respectively. The resistance must be in the order of a megaohm or more.
– In case of fault, perform the same type of measuring on the junction block to find out in
which branch of the green CAN bus there is a fault.
– Disconnect the control unit in question so that you can distinguish between faults in the con-
trol unit and faults in the cable harness. In case of fault in the cable harness – troubleshoot the
electrical cables.
6. Check that there is no overload on the green CAN bus. Disconnect one control unit at a time to
see if the problem disappears and thereby identify the defective control unit.

For more information, see the Workshop Manual > 16 – 00 > Electrical system complete > CAN net-
work.

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P, G, R and T series
Introduction
An electrical system with CAN communication means that troubleshooting is partly carried out dif-
ferently compared to conventional electrical systems.

In most cases it is possible to carry out troubleshooting within the vehicle electrical system using
SDP3. This assumes that communication between the control units via CAN buses is working and
that SDP3 can communicate with the vehicle control units.

In some cases faults may occur which can be difficult to diagnose using SDP3.

In this section you find examples which may assist you when searching for the causes of faults in the
vehicle electrical system.

More detailed information about the electrical system can be found in the booklet Electrical system
in P, R and T series, Introduction and general troubleshooting. The measurement methods for the
green CAN bus described there can also be used to troubleshoot the yellow CAN bus and red CAN
bus.

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Troubleshooting
Preparation
Before you start, you should know whether the fault occurred in connection with some other activity,
for example connecting bodywork, installing accessories etc., or whether it just occurred for no
apparent reason.

For troubleshooting you need:

• SDP3
• Multimeter
• A chart of how the control units are connected to the CAN buses. For more information, see the
last page.
• Measurement adapter 99 508 (included in measurement adapter kit 99 511)
• Fault code descriptions
If SDP3 cannot communicate with one or more control units so that you cannot obtain assembly
part numbers or fault codes within the program, you can obtain a list of fault codes for each
assembly part number from SDP3 as follows:
Go to the View menu and select the All fault codes option.
You can obtain the assembly part number via the IVD function on the instrument cluster, pro-
vided that the instrument cluster can establish contact with the control units and that fault codes
have been registered.
The instrument cluster always shows which systems it expects to receive a response from, i.e.
which systems are fitted on the vehicle.
If there are no fault codes registered in the control unit, the instrument cluster displays:
no errors
If the instrument cluster cannot establish contact with the control unit, it displays:
no contact
It is not the fault codes that are the most important in this case, since it is the communication you
want to test. If the instrument cluster responds no errors this means that communication is work-
ing. Systems such as CTS (clock and timer), AHS (auxiliary heater system) and AUS (infotain-
ment system) must be switched on in order for contact to be established between them.

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SDP3 cannot establish contact with the vehicle

When the program is started, a fault message appears indicating that the program cannot find any
SOPS file. When you enter the program, it is empty.
1. Check that the VCI is connected.

CAN

INFO

ER R OR

WLAN

P O WER
328 725

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Function of
the lamps
PWR (green) The lamp is constantly on when VCI3 is supplied with power.
VCI2: The lamp flashes when the VCI is connected to the PC.
CAN (yellow) The light lights up (flashes rapidly) when data is transmitted between the VCI and
the vehicle via the CAN bus.
Error (red) The lamp lights up when there is a communication error on the CAN bus.
VCI2: USB The lamp lights up (flashes rapidly) when data is transmitted between the PC and
(yellow) VCI via the USB key.
VCI3: Info The lamp flashes rapidly when general information is sent between the computer
(orange) and VCI3.
VCI3: WLAN The lamp is on or flashes when VCI3 is connected to a local network via wireless
(blue) connection in one of the following ways: The lamp is constantly on when it is
connected to a computer via a wireless network with a good signal strength. The
lamp flashes slowly and steadily when VCI3 does not have contact with the
computer but is connected to a wireless network with a good signal strength. The
lamp flashes once per second if there is a fault during startup.

2. Try to start the program again.

3. Check using the IVD function on the instrument cluster (diagnostic mode) that the ICL control
unit can communicate with systems on the green CAN bus.

Note:
On low-specification vehicles, it is not certain that there will be any systems on the green CAN bus.
Check via the instrument cluster which systems should be available on the vehicle and compare them
with the CAN chart on the last page.

• If the ICL control unit has established contact with the green CAN bus, check whether there is an
open circuit somewhere between the VCI2/VCI3 and the junction block for the green CAN bus
(C479).
• If the ICL control unit has not established contact with the green CAN bus, continue troubleshoot-
ing as follows:

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The junction blocks are concealed and located

on the right-hand side of the central electric
unit area. They are fitted in the holes without
locking, which means that they can easily be
taken out.

135 385
2 1
1. Junction blocks for CAN
2. Junction block for ground.

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1. Switch on the voltage and measure the volt-

age level between chassis ground and the
green CAN bus using a multimeter.
– The voltage should be approx. 2.5 V.
You can measure on both CAN-high and
CAN-low.

135 386
135 388

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Note:
During the following measurement, all systems
must be connected but not supplied with volt-
age.

2. Measurethe resistance on the CAN cable

between CAN high and CAN low.
– The resistance should be 54-60 ohm.

3. Measure the resistance between CAN high

and chassis ground or between CAN low
and chassis ground to check that the resist-
ance is high enough.
– The resistance must be in the order of a
megaohm or more. In most cases it is
much more.

4. If the
resistance is too low, take the switch
apart and measure on the junction block for
the green CAN bus for all cables in order to
find out which control unit is faulty.
5. Disconnect the control unit concerned in
order to determine whether there is a fault
on the control unit or in the cable harness.
6. Ifthere is a fault in the cable harness, trou-
bleshoot according to the instructions set
out in the document Electrical system in P,
R and T series, Introduction and general
troubleshooting.

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SDP3 can only establish contact

with systems on the green CAN
bus
The ICL control unit has only established con-
tact with systems on the yellow (its own) CAN
bus.

1. Check the voltage supply to the coordina-

tor. Start by checking that the fuse for the
coordinator (fuse 19) is intact and that volt-
age is supplied to it.

Note:
To avoid damaging the pins, you should use
the measurement adapter. No measurement
should be carried out directly on the coordina-
tor pins because they are very sensitive.

2. Check using measurement adapter 99 508

whether the coordinator is receiving volt-
age to pin connection 3 (30 voltage) and pin
connection 81 (15 voltage). 99 508 81 3
79 80 81
1

– If the measurement shows that voltage is

2
3
60 61 62 5
41 42 43

being supplied to the coordinator, the 22 23

cause may be play in the coordinator 5

connector.
3. Test by connecting the coordinator again.
– If the fault persists, renew the coordina-
tor.
– If the fault disappears, inspect the rele-
135 668

vant pins in the connector and renew if

necessary.

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SDP3 cannot establish contact with control units on the red CAN bus
If SDP3 cannot establish contact with the control unit this may be due to the control unit speed not
corresponding to the CAN bus speed.

Check the CAN speed in SDP3 under the Product information tab, Product properties controlling
parameters.

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Communication failure in the vehicle

Faults which may cause the vehicle to engage limp home mode. All possible warnings come on in
the instrument cluster.

• If you can use SDP3, check the fault codes. Also check whether there are inactive fault codes
which cause problems at low voltage.
If you cannot use SDP3, try to read the fault codes from the instrument cluster.
• If a control unit has a fault code for a low supply voltage, measure the input voltage and check the
control unit ground connection by, for example, measuring the voltage drop on the ground con-
nection.
• If there are fault codes implicating a specific CAN bus, test by measuring the voltage in the CAN
bus by connecting a multimeter between one of the CAN cables and chassis ground.
The voltage should be approximately 2.5 V.
• If the multimeter shows an absurdly high value, more than 5 V, this may indicate grounding prob-
lems on one or more control units on the CAN bus which is being measured.
• Dismantle the junction block and check what is giving the incorrect voltage.
• Check any grounding problems by measuring the voltage drop on the control unit. Measure from
the ground connection in the control unit connector to a safe electrical ground point, for example
one of the cab’s electrical ground points. Correct grounding results in no or very little voltage
drop.

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CAN chart
CAN bus speed 250/250/250

Diagnostic bus

K1
COO Red bus
AUS Coordinator system
Audio system

GMS EMS BMS SMS

CSS Gearbox management Engine management Brake management Suspension
system system system management system
Crash safety system

ACC
Automatic climate
control LAS
Locking and alarm
system

WTA
Auxiliary heater
system water to air AWD
All wheel drive
system

ATA
Auxiliary heater ICL
system air to air Instrument cluster
system

CTS TCO
Clock and timer Tachograph system
system

RTG VIS
Road transport Visibility system
informatics gateway

APS
Air prosessing
RTI system
Road transport
informatics system
Green bus BWS
135 389
Body Builder
Body work system Truck
Yellow bus

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CAN bus speed 500/250/250

Diagnostic bus

K1
COO Red bus
CSS Coordinator system
Crash safety system

GMS EMS BMS ACS 2

ACC Gearbox management Engine management Brake management Articulation control
Automatic climate system system system system
control

WTA
Auxiliary heater LAS
system water to air Locking and alarm
system

ATA AWD
Auxiliary heater
system air to air All wheel drive
system

CTS ICL
Clock and timer Instrument cluster
system system

RTG TCO
Tachograph system
Road transport
informatics gateway

VIS
RTI Visibility system
Road transport
informatics system
APS
Air prosessing
system
LDW
Lane departure
warning
BWS Body Builder
Body work system Truck

DIS
Distance sensor
Green bus BCS 2
Bus chassi system

TPM
Tyre pressure
monitoring

SMS/SMA
Suspension
management system
from jan.2012

RTC
334 212

Road traffic
Yellow bus communicator

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