Course No.

2004

12. Pneumatic System in E/R

 Compressed Air System - E/R

• Purpose of the rules and regulations;

To provide a safe and reliable starting air system for

engines

To provide a safe and reliable valve control system

To provide a safe and reliable alarm/signal system

To provide a safe and reliable service air system

Slide 2
 Compressed Air System - E/R

h Redundancy requirement to
- Compressors
- Filters
- Pressure reducing units

h Air intakes for the compressors are to be located so as to minimise

intake of oil or water contaminated air.

h Pipes between the compressors and the air receivers are not to have
connections to other machinery.

h Pipes from air compressors with automatic start are to have a

separator or similar device.
To prevent condensate from draining into the compressor.

h Recovery from dead ship condition within 30 minutes.

Slide 3
 Compressed Air System - E/R

h Starting air system :

− 2 or more air compressors.

− 2 main air receives.

− Total compressor capacity to charge the main air receivers within

1 hour.
At least 1 compressor is to be independently driven.
− Capacity of main air receivers
(without reloading) :
12 starts reversible M/E
6 starts non-reversible M/E
3 starts for each aux. engine and em. gen. engine
Slide 4
 Compressed Air System - E/R

h If the emergency generator is arranged for pneumatic starting

The air supply is to be from a separate air receiver.

The air receiver is not to be connected to other pneumatic systems,

except for the starting system in the E/R

If such a connection is arranged, The pipeline is to be provided

with a screw-down non-return valve.

Slide 5
 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

BG014

BG014
BG014

Slide 6
 Air Reservoir

Slide 7
 Main Air Reservoir Drain

Auto. Drain trap

By-pass valve

Slide 8
 COMPRESSOR TYPES

• is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by

reducing its volume. Compression of a gas naturally increases
its temperature.
Slide 9
 AIR COMPRESSOR

• Compressed air has many uses on board ship,

ranging from diesel engine starting to the
cleaning of machinery during maintenance.

• The air pressures of 25 bar or more are usually

provided in multi-stage machines.

• Type of compressor
- Air cooled type compressor
- Water cooled type compressor
Slide 10
 AIR COOLED TYPE COMPRESSOR

• Air cooled type compressor

- designed for applications where there is a

limited supply or no water available for cooling.
- Air movement through each stage of the
compressor is directed so turbulence is reduced.
- Energy is added to the air in each stage which
increases the pressure.

Slide 11
 Main Air Compressor (Piston type)

Piston type water cooled

Slide 12
 Main Air Compressor (Piston type)
Piston type air cooled

Slide 13
(Source:www.sauersohn.de)
 Emergency Air Compressor

Aux. air reservoir

Piston type air cooled

Slide 14
 WATER COOLED COMPRESSOR

• Water cooled type compressor

- Water cooled type was created for users that

require a high volume of compressed air such as
industrial users, large municipal fire departments,
and training facilities, and dive resort operators.

Slide 15
 WATER COOLED TYPE

Slide 16
 SCREW COMPRESSOR

• Rotary screw compressors use two meshed

rotating positive-displacement helical screws to
force the gas into a smaller space.

• These are usually used for continuous operation

in commercial and industrial applications and
may be either stationary or portable.

Slide 17
 SCREW TYPE COMPRESSOR

Slide 18
 SCREW TYPE COMPRESSOR

Slide 19
 CONTROL AIR DRYER

• An air dryer is a device that is mounted directly

after an air compressor and dries the air.
• Wet air will corode the pressure vessels inside
and rust in a pressure vessel may contaminate
the pneumatic system so that the components do
not work properly anymore.

Slide 20
 CONTROL AIR DRYER

Slide 21
 OPERATING PRINCIPLE

• Conservation of the vessels inside is in fact

impossible so it is important to make the air as
dry as possible.
• The compressed air is pressed through a
cylinder filled with silica-gel. The silica-gel
brings the dewpoint of the water in the air down
to stay -40 degrees Celsius.
• This means that the air is dry as if the air was
cooled down to -40 degrees Celsius. In practice
two cylinders with silica-gel are used; one for
drying the air, the other is reconditioned.
Slide 22
 RERIGERATED AIR DRYER
FILTER
CARTRIDGE

TRIP-L-TRAP
EVAPORATOR

SECTION CHECK SEPARATOR

VALVE
HOT GAS BY-
EVAPORATOR PASS VALVE
PRESS. GAUGE

HIGH SIDE CONDENSERC

PRESS. GAUGE

FRESSURE
SWITCH
FAN MOTOR
Slide 23
DRIER
STAINER
 RERIGERATED AIR DRYER

• The saturated compressed air enters the dryer

inlet and is directed by the inlet air control
valves into the top of one of the two desiccant
towers.
• As the air travels upward through the desiccant
bed, the moisture in the air adheres to the
desiccant beads (adsorbed), lowering the
dewpoint of the compressed air stream to -40°F.
• The air then exits the dryer moisture free and is
ready for use.
Slide 24
 HEATLESS TYPE

• Heatless type air dryer

removes moisture in
compressed air which is
made by compressor

• Heatless type air dryer can

absorb the most of moisture
in compressed air and can
make its dew point(PDP) so
low, normally -40°is
required.

Slide 25
 HEATLESS TYPE
• The Procedure shows which chamber is
in operation. The dryer continues with
that stage of the cycle that it had reached
at the time when the compressor stopped.
This ensures even loading and avoids the
loss of regeneration air during standstill
phases.

• The compete pressure release that always

takes place between regeneration cycles
considerably reduces the regeneration air
Reference : requirement.
http://www.samkunok.com/
Slide 26
 Compressed Air System - E/R

• References;

- DNV Rules for Ships Pt.4 Ch.6 Sec.5I/J

- SOLAS 1974 as amended Ch.II-1 Reg.34 & 43

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