Fig: (3.3) Cross step Fig: (3.

4) Longitudnal step

3.1.4. Selection of the core diameter:

Based on the requirement of no-load loss and no-load current, a suitable

working flux density. In India, PSEB, HPSEB, DVB etc. have restricted the
choice of flux density at rated voltage and frequency to 1.6 tesla(maximum),
where RSEB and UPPCL have restricted the same to 1.69 tesla (maximum)
Once the number of turns and flux density are known, the gross core area may
be calculated by using the formula:
Et=phase voltage turns =4.44×f×Bm×Ag×0.97×10-4

Where, f is the rated frequency which is 50 Hz (known)

Bm is the maximum flux density in tesla (known)
Ag is the gross core area in sq.cm (to be calculated)
0.97 is the stacking factor (assumed)

From the above equation, the gross core area can easily be calculated.
Once the gross area Ag is known, the approximate core diameter can be
calculated by using the following formula:
Ag=K1×πd2/4
Where,K1 is a factor to be selected on the basis of the number of core
steps and d is the required core diameter we are looking for.

The approximate value of K1 may be assumed as follows:

For 6 steps, the approximate value of K1=0.92
For 7 steps, the approximate value of K1=0.925
For 8 steps, the approximate value of K1=0.93
For 9 steps, the approximate value of K1=0.935

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