აგრესია

agresia
agresiis eTologiuri, fsiqologiuri,

fiziologiuri gamovlinebebi da meqanizmebi
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
konstantine WiWinaZe
agresia
agresiis eTologiuri, fsiqologiuri, fiziologiuri

gamovlinebebi da meqanizmebi
monografiaSi warmodgenilia agresiis biologiuri funqciebis Sesaxeb
originaluri koncefcia. masSi:
o mocemulia agresiuli qcevis sruliad axali klasifikacia.
o pirvelad aris SemuSavebuli kriteriumebi, romlis mixedviTac SesaZlebe-
lia agresiis neirobiologiuri induqtorebis identifikacia da moyvanilia
SesaZlo induqtorTa variantebi.
o naCvenebia kavSiri agresiis neirobiologiur induqtorebsa da avtoris
mier klasificirebul agresiuli qcevis calkeul tipebs Soris.
o Camoyalibebulia stresze organizmebis reagirebis triaduli modeli:
naCvenebia Sesabamisoba stresze fiziologiuri reagirebis sam tipsa (no-
radrenergul, adrenergul da trofotropul) da qceviTi reagirebis sam
variants (brZola, gaqceva, gaSeSeba) Soris.
o mocemulia warmodgena agresiis axal – fiziologiuri adaptaciis fun-
qciaze. naCvenebia misi sxvaoba qceviTi da fsiqologiuri adaptaciis fun-
qciebisagan.
monografia saintereso iqneba, rogorc fiziologiiT, eTologiiT, fsi-
qologiiTa da fsiqiatriiT dakavebuli pirebisaTvis, aseve, agresiis prob-
lemiT dainteresebuli, samedicino an biologiuri ganaTlebis mqone yvela
adamianisTvis.
redaqtori profesori s. cagareli
recenzenti profesori g. naneiSvili
wignSi aRmoCenili uzustobebis SemTxvevaSi, gTxovT mimarToT avtors Sem-

deg eleqtronul misamarTze chichinadze@biphysiol.ge. avtori winaswar madlobas
gixdiT daxmarebisaTvis.
© Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2010

ISBN 978-9941-13-171-4
Sinaarsi
Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Tavi 1. agresiis ganmarteba da tipologia. agresiulobis, mtruli
ganwyobisa da mrisxanebis gansazRvreba. agresiis Teoriebi -------------- 11
Tavi 2. agresiuli qcevis klasifikaciebi (k. WiWinaZe, l. gaCeCilaZe) ----- 19
Tavi 3. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebsa da cxovelebSi ------------- 33
3.1. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebSi ---------------------------------- 33
3.2. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba cxovelebSi ---------------------------------- 47
Tavi 4. agresiis gansxvavebuli xasiaTi adamianebsa da cxovelebSi ------- 65
Tavi 5. agresia da adaptacia (k. WiWinaZe, a. lazaraSvili) ------------------- 69
5.1. agresiis eTologiuri adaptaciis funqcia ------------------------------ 69
5.2. agresiis fsiqologiuri adaptaciis funqcia --------------------------- 72
5.3. paTologiuri agresiuloba, rogorc organizmTa
dezadaptaciis niSani --------------------------------------------------------- 80
Tavi 6. garemosa da memkvidreobiTobis roli agresiaSi -------------------- 89
6.1. agresiuli qcevis ganmapirobebeli genetikuri faqtorebi ---------- 90
6.2. agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi monawile garemo faqtorebi ------ 97
6.2.1. agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi monawile
socialuri faqtorebi ------------------------------------------------ 98
6.2.2. agresiuli qcevis maprovocirebeli garemo
faqtorebi da trigerebi --------------------------------------------- 101
Tavi 7. agresiulobis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi---------- 104
Tavi 8. agresiuli qcevis biologiuri induqtorebi
(k. WiWinaZe, n. WiWinaZe) ----------------------------------------------------------- 108
8.1. agresiul qcevaSi monawile neiroanatomiuri struqturebi --------- 108
8.2. agresiuli qceva da tvinis funqciuri asimetria ----------------------- 111
8.3. agresiuli qcevis neiroqimiuri da hormonuli meqanizmebi ---------- 114
8.3.1. androgenebi ------------------------------------------------------------- 115
8.3.2. serotonini da serotoninerguli sistema ------------------------ 121
8.3.3. kateqolaminebi da kateqolaminerguli sistemebi -------------- 132
5
8.3.4. calkeuli neirotransmiterebi, hormonebi da
receptoruli sistemebi ---------------------------------------------- 146
8.3.5. agresiis neirobiologiur meqanizmebsa da agresiuli qcevis
klasifikacias Soris arsebuli Sesabamisoba---------------------------- 152
Tavi 9. agresiuli qceva da sqesobrivi dimorfizmi
(k. WiWinaZe, n. WiWinaZe) ----------------------------------------------------------- 154
Tavi 10. agresiuli qcevis motoruli korelatebi --------------------------- 161
Tavi 11. agresiuli qcevis kognituri korelatebi --------------------------- 169
Tavi 12. agresiuli qceva da stresze reagirebis triaduli modeli ----- 172
Tavi 13. agresiis fiziologiuri adaptaciis funqcia ----------------------- 187
Tavi 14. saboloo Strixebi -------------------------------------------------------- 197
literatura ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201
6
Sesavali
dadgeba Jami, rodesac biologi xels gauwvdis fsi-

qologs da Sexvdeba mas im gvirabSi, romlis Txrac
maT daiwyes Seucnobadis mTis sxvadasxva mxridan.
karl gustav iungi
1932 wels erTa ligam albert ainStains SesTavaza aerCia romelime udi-
desi moazrovne da masTan erTad ganexila Tanamedroveobis yvelaze aqtu-
aluri sakiTxebi. kacobriobis udidesi mecnieri daTanxmda am winadadebas
da saerTaSoriso konfliqtebis warmoSobis mizezebis ganxilva moindoma. im
drois inteleqtualebs jer kidev kargad axsovdaT pirveli msoflio omis
koSmaruli suraTebi. ainStaini fiqrobda, rom aseTi sisastikis mizezebi
adamianTa fsiqikis siRrmeSi iyo damaluli da amitomac, sakuTari mosazre-
bis dasadastureblad, fsiqoanalizis damfuZnebels zigmun froids mimar-
Ta. ainStains ainteresebda Tu rogor xdeboda ise, rom propaganda adami-
anebs omis survils uCenda. egeb saqme adamianSi arsebul ganadgurebisa da
siZulvilis Sinagan ltolvaSi iyo, romelic Zalian advilia miiyvano `ko-
leqtiuri fsiqozis siZlieremde~? swored aseTi kiTxvebi dausva ainStainma
adamianis sulieri samyaros kvlevis pioners (Berkowitz 2002).
mas Semdeg bevri dro gavida, magram agresiis Semswavleli mkvlevarebi
am da msgavs kiTxvebze dRemde cdiloben pasuxis gacemas.
agresiis fenomenis arsze, gamomwvev mizezebsa da ganviTarebis meqaniz-
mebze mravali samecniero Tu samecniero-popularuli statia da wignia da-
werili, magram misi intimuri meqanizmebi dResac calsaxad ar aris dadgenili
(Soma da T.a. 2008).
adamianTa umravlesobisaTvis ama Tu im problemis aqtualoba, samwuxa-
rod ZiriTadad utilitaruli motivebiTaa ganpirobebuli. amitom, agresi-
ulobis Seswavlis aqtualobaze saubars adamianis agresiulobaze saubriT
daviwyebT.
kacobriobis istoriis manZilze momxdari omebi da SeiaraRebuli kon-
fliqtebi, miuxedavad maTi gamomwvevi mizezebisa, aucileblad realizde-
boda (da realizdeba) konkretuli agresiuli qmedebebis saxiT. Cvens epoqa-
Si, rodesac Tavad omma totaluri xasiaTi SeiZina, aRniSnuli saxis agresia
7
mosaxleobis farTo masebis qcevis nawilad iqca. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuT-
rebiT sisxliani XX saukune (gansakuTrebiT ki misi 10-60-iani wlebi) gamod-
ga. rogorc cnobili fsiqologi d. maiersi aRniSnavs, XX saukune ara marto
yvelaze `ganaTlebuli~, aramed yvelaze sisxlianicaa (Myers 2004) (Tumca, am
sakiTxis garSemo alternatiuli Tvalsazrisic arsebobs, romelic uaryofs
am mosazrebas (magaliTisTvis, Назаретян 2009)).
XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi totalitaruli saxelmwifoebis daSlam, tra-
diciuli sazogadoebebisa da saerTod, tradiciul urTierTobaTa arealis
Seviwroebam avtomaturad ki ar Seamcira agresiis saerTo potenciali, ara-
med gamoiwvia vertikaluri agresiis (tradiciuli da totalitaruli sazo-
gadoebebi) Secvla horizontaluri agresiiT (demokratiuli sazogadoebe-
bi). mTel rig qveynebSi komunisturi reJimebis damxobis Semdeg, erovnuli
Tu religiuri grZnobebis aRorZinebisa da socialuri pirobebis mkveTri
gauaresebis fonze, marTlac imata mosaxleobis saerTo agresiulobam, ra-
mac asaxva eTno-religiuri, socialuri da pirovnebaTSorisi konfliqtebis
zrdaSi hpova.
uaRresad maRali agresiulobis potencialiT xasiaTdeba terorizmis
fenomenic. agresia am dros, SeiZleba iTqvas, `kristalizebuli~ saxiTaa
warmodgenili. amaSi dasarwmuneblad sakmarisia gadavxedoT politikuri
teroris Sesaxeb daweril nebismier wigns (magaliTad, k. sifakisis naSroms
(Сифакис 1998)).
agresia, rogorc socialuri movlena, gamoixateba, sxvadasxva saxis
kriminaluri xasiaTis danaSaulSi. mxolod amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi,
yovelwliurad adgili aqvs Zaladobis gamoyenebiT Cadenil milionze met
danaSauls, maT Soris ojaxuri konfliqtebis dros Cadenil ociaTas mkvle-
lobas (Bureau of Census 1988).
amerikeli mkvlevari А. Coudroglou Tvlis, rom Tanamedrove sazogadoe-
bas, gamsWvaluls paTologiuri kavSirebiTa da dawesebulebebiT, adamiane-
bi mihyavs zneobriv da emociur gaorebamde, risi Sedegicaa socialuri mu-
tacia – Zaladoba (Coudroglou 1996).
Zaladoba warmoadgens seriozul samedicino problemas, romelic mo-
iTxovs dauyovnebel Carevas (Koop & Lundberg 1992). am problemis mogvare-
ba xSirad saswrafo daxmarebis eqimebis kompetenciis sferos nawili xdeba
(Alpert 1995; Drossman da T.a. 1995; Flitcraft 1992, 1995; McCauley da T.a. 1995). cnobi-
lia, rom Zaladoba xels uwyobs avadobis zrdas da 44 wlamde asakis axalgaz-
rda mamakacebSi sikvdilianobis mTavar mizezad iTvleba (Martinez 1994).
nevrologiuri Tu fsiqiatriuli xasiaTis mravali daavadeba dakavSi-
rebulia momatebul agresiulobasTan. maT simptomokompleqsSi arsebuli
agresiuli qcevis, SiSisa da SfoTvis koreqcia seriozul problemas warmo-
adgens (Mos & Oliver 1987; Oehler da T.a. 1987).
8
Zaladoba mniSvnelovani pedagogiuri problemacaa. bavSvTa da mozar-
dTa momatebuli agresiuloba ukanasknel aTwleulebSi uaRresad aqtualur
sakiTxad gadaiqca (Guggenbuhl 1997). agresiis meqanizmebSi garkveva umniSvne-
lovanesi SemecnebiTi amocanacaa da cocxal samyaroze codnis gafarToeba-
Si dagvexmareba. agresia, xom filogenezurad erT-erTi uZvelesi reaqciaa.
arsebobs mecnierebis funqciis arautilitaruli gagebac, rogorc ada-
mianis mier samyarosa da sakuTari Tavis Semecnebis mZlavri instrumenti-
sa. rogorc cnobili sabWoTa fizikosi l. arcimoviCi ambobda: `mecniereba
– sakuTari cnobismoyvareobis saxelmwifos xarjze dakmayofilebis saSu-
alebaa~.
yovelive zemoCamoTvlilma ganapiroba agresiis Semswavleli damouki-
debeli disciplinaTSorisi mecnierebis – agresologiis Camoyalibeba. am
mecnierebis mizania gaarkvios agresiis destruqciuli da konstruqciuli
aspeqtebi, ganviTarebis meqanizmebi, gamoimuSaos agresiis fsiqofarmako-
logiuri da fsiqologiuri marTvis meTodebi. agresiasTan dakavSirebul
problemaTa mogvarebas gaaCnia didi socialuri (konfliqtologia, pedago-
gika da sxv.), samedicino (fsiqiatria, nevropaTologia), ekonomikuri (mecx-
oveleoba, veterinaria) da aseve, SemecnebiTi mniSvneloba.
jer kidev 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi daarsda agresiis Semswavleli sa-
erTaSoriso sazogadoeba (International Society for Research on Aggression (ISRA)),
romelic saerTaSoriso doneze aerTianebs da koordinacias uwevs samecni-
ero kvlevebs agresologiis dargSi, sistematurad atarebs msoflio da re-
gionalur forumebs, uSvebs samecniero Jurnals (am organizaciis muSaobis
Sesaxeb informacia ixileT mis veb saitze: http://www.israsociety.com).
miuxedavad am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli seriozuli samuSaosi, mainc
ver moxerxda im maRalseleqtiuri faqtorebis an erTiani genetikuri me-
qanizmebis gamoyofa, romlebic axdenen mocemuli qcevis modulacias. ro-
gorc Cans, aseTebi bunebaSi arc arseboben. Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom ag-
resia kompleqsurad sakmaod cudadaa Seswavlili. mkvlevarebi yuradRebas
aqceven calkeul faqtorebs (calkeul hormonebsa Tu neirotransmiterebs,
tvinis calkeul ubnebs) da ar swavloben maT kompleqsSi fsiqologiuri,
fsiqofarmakologiuri da eTologiuri momentebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
zogierTi mecnieri aRniSnavs, rom agresiis prevenciis saukeTeso meqa-
nizmia – kaTarzisi da dasja, da saerTod, agresiis reducireba SesaZlebe-
lia mxolod da mxolod im faqtorTa gamoricxviT, romlebic mas apirobeben
(Дубинко 2000).
agresiis garSemo arsebuli literaturis analizi gvaZlevs saSualebas
CamovayaliboT is sakiTxebi, romlebic mkvlevarTaTvis jer ucnobia. ker-
Zod, gasarkvevia:
9
1) dakavSirebulia Tu ara agresia socialur faqtorebTan ufro metad
vidre genetikur faqtorebTan;
2) romeli fsiqologiuri, paTofsiqologiuri, paTofiziologiuri, fi-
ziologiuri, Tu bioqimiuri meqanizmebi udevs safuZvlad agresias;
3) SevZlebT Tu ara am meqanizmebis codnis SemTxvevaSi, agresiuli qce-
vis SezRudvasa da kontrolirebas, eTikuri normebis darRvevis gareSe?
es ukanaskneli kiTxva imden statiaSi gxvdeba, rom iqmneba iseTi STabeW-
dileba – TiTqos pirvel or kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, mxolod mesameze sapa-
suxodaa saWiro.
agresiaze daweril monografiaTa umravlesobis seriozuli nakli imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom rodesac agresiaze fsiqologebi da fsiqiatrebi weren –
isini ZiriTadad adamianTa agresiuli qcevis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebiT in-
teresdebian da nakleb yuradRebas uTmoben agresiis fiziologiur, bio- da
neiroqimiur meqanizmebs. rac Seexeba eqsperimentuli medicinisa da biolo-
giis sxvadasxva dargebis warmomadgenlebs – isini agresias ZiriTadad, cxove-
lebze swavloben (an cxovelTa agresiulobas swavloben) da marTalia, inte-
resdebian am qcevis fiziologiuri meqanizmebiT, magram, rogorc wesi, nakleb
yuradRebas uTmoben agresias adamianebSi. eTologebi ikvleven rogorc cxo-
velTa, ise adamianTa agresias, magram xSirad fiziologiuri da bioqimiuri
meqanizmebis Seswavlis gareSe. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogjer problemisadmi
aseTi midgoma meTodologiurad gamarTlebulicaa, mainc migvaCnia, rom aR-
niSnuli reduqcia amcirebs warmodgenili masalis faseulobas. mokled, rom
vTqvaT xSirad fiziologiur da bioqimiur gamokvlevebs obieqturi eTolo-
giuri da fsiqologiuri meTodikebi aklia, xolo fsiqologiur da eTologi-
ur kvlevebs ki – fiziologiuri da bioqimiuri.
zemoT moyvanili mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, Cven SevecadeT litera-
turul masalasa da sakuTar gamokvlevebze dayrdnobiT dagvewera monog-
rafia, romelSic iqneboda gaanalizebuli da, nawilobriv mainc, axleburad
Camoyalibebuli adamianebsa da cxovelebSi agresiis ganmapirobebeli mize-
zebi, mocemuli qcevisaTvis saWiro hormonebisa da neiroqimiuri agentebis,
somaturi da fsiqikuri faqtorebis moqmedebis meqanizmebi, agresiis emoci-
uri, motoruli da kognituri korelatebi, agreTve agresiis, rogorc mov-
lenis biologiuri roli da funqcia.
monografiis is fragmentebic ki, sadac mxolod literaturuli masa-
lis ganxilva mimdinareobs, ar warmoadgens agresiis Sesaxeb masalis kompi-
lacias. Cven mier moyvanil sakmaod mravalricxovan literaturul masalas
viyenebT imisaTvis, rom wignis bolo TavebSi agresiaze axali koncefcia Ca-
movayaliboT.
10
Tavi 1
agresiis ganmarteba da tipologia. agresiulobis, mtruli
ganwyobisa da mrisxanebis gansazRvreba. agresiis Teoriebi
rogorc agresiis erT-erTma mkvlevarma SeniSna, rTulia misce zo-

gadi definicia agresias (Vitaro da T.a. 2006). amis mizezs albaT is warmo-
adgens, rom agresia (aggression) uaRresad rTuli fenomenia. am terminis
qveS xSirad konkretul qcevas (agresiuli qceva) gulisxmoben, zogjer
organizmis individualur (adamianis SemTxvevaSi ufro zusti iqneboda
gveTqva – pirovnul) Tvisebebs (agresiuli ganwoba). yovelive es arTu-
lebs agresiis fenomenis Seswavlis saqmes.
radganac nebismieri rTuli fsiqikuri movlenis gamovlena, pirvel
rigSi, qceviT aris SesaZlebeli, amitom terminSi agresia, Cven ZiriTa-
dad, agresiul qcevas vigulisxmebT.
agresiis cnebis ganmarteba, miuxedavad am terminis farTo gavrce-
lebisa, marTlac sakmaod problematuria, radgan am dros Cven vcdi-
lobT ganzogadebuli ganmarteba mivceT gansxvavebul mdgomareobebs,
romlebic Tan sdeven agresiul qcevas (Пошивалов 1986). am terminis gan-
martebas, imisda mixedviT qcevis romel aspeqtze movaxdenT aqcentire-
bas, safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos gansxvavebuli principebi: situacia,
romelSic qcevis es tipi vlindeba; funqcia, romelsac igi emsaxureba;
konkretuli moZraobiTi aqtebi, romlebSic asaxvas hpovebs mocemuli
saxis qceva da sxva. dResdReobiT literaturaSi SeiZleba agresiis 100-
ze meti sxvadasxva gansazRvrebis moZieba, rac Sedegia imisa, rom esa Tu
is definicia asaxavs agresiis fenomenis mxolod calkeul mxareebs (am
movlenis gamovlinebis formebisa da motivaciis mravalgvarobis gamo)
an mkvlevarTa viwro profesiul Sexedulebebs (im profesiaTa mraval-
gvarobis gamo, romelTac uxdebaT agresiuli qcevis Seswavla an mis ga-
movlinebebTan Sexeba. biologi, medikosi, fsiqologi, fiziologi, fsi-
qiatri, pedagogi, kriminalisti – ai, am profesiaTa arasruli CamonaTva-
li). xSirad SeiZleba im momentis dafiqsirebac, rom agresiis qcevis gan-
martebisas mkvlevari cdilobs mogvces es ganmarteba sakuTari kvlevis
obieqtidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, fsiqologebi gvaZleven mxolod
11
k. WiWinaZe, agresia
adamianis agresiis ganmartebas. interesTa aseTi reduqcia, erTi mxriv,

aadvilebs definiciis Camoyalibebas, magram, meore mxriv, arTulebs
movlenaSi garkvevis saSualebas.
radganac Cven vcdilobT movlenas mivudgeT sistemurad, amitom mo-
cemul SromaSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd iqneba moyvanili adamianebze da
sxvadasxva cxovelebze Sesrulebuli Sromebi.
agresiis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli lakonuri ganmartebis
mixedviT: agresia es aris sxva subieqtisadmi zianis miyeneba, miyenebis
mcdeloba da/an aseTi zianis miyenebis muqara (Пошивалов 1989).
sxva, aseve gavrcelebuli ganmartebis mixedviT, agresia warmoadgens
qcevis nebismier formas, romelic mimarTulia sxva cocxali arsebisaT-
vis zianis miyenebasa da Seuracxyofaze, roca aRniSnul arsebas ar surs,
rom mas ase moepyron (Baron & Richardson 2004). agresia warmoadgens borot
qcevas, romlis mizania garSemomyofTaTvis tkivilis miyeneba (Parens
1997). Tumca arsebobs ufro farTo ganmartebebi, sadac agresiis obieq-
tad miCneulia aramarto adamiani da sxva cocxali organizmebi, aramed
nebismieri aracocxali struqtura (Fromm 1994).
agresiis obieqtze amaxvilebs yuradRebas agresiis Semdegi ganmar-
teba, romlis mixedviTac agresia warmoadgens iseT fizikur moqmedebas
an mis muqaras erTi organizmis mxridan, romelic amcirebs meore orga-
nizmis Tavisuflebas an genetikur Seguebulobas (Семенюк 2003).
fsiqiatrebi agresiis analizisas, mis sxva aspeqtebs gamoyofen. maTi
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom agresia gamomdinareobs pirovnebis Tavisebure-
bebidan, subieqturad ganpirobebulia da SeiZleba iRebdes rogorc mi-
zanSewonil, ise samarTaldamrRevi gamovlinebis formebs (Moyer 1987).
ganmartebaTa raodenoba imdenad didia, rom dadga aucilebloba ma-
Ti klasificirebisa. SevniSnavT, rom jer Tavad movlenis sxvadasxva ga-
movlinebebis klasificirebas ki ar vaxdenT (amas Semdeg TavSi Sevecde-
biT), aramed mxolod agresiis ganmartebebis.
arsebobs koncefciebi, sadac mTavari agresiis motivaciuri mxarea
da ara misi `realizaciuri~ nawili. motivis arseboba sakmarisia imisaT-
vis, rom mocemuli piri agresiulad CaiTvalos. motivze, ufro zogadad
– adamianis Sinagan samyaroze aqtualizacia, fsiqoanalitikuri koncef-
ciebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
agresiis bihevioristul definiciebSi ki ignorirebulia agresiis
motivaciuri mxare. bihevioristebis azriT es gamarTlebulia, radganac
ar arsebobs obieqturi kriteriumebi, romelTa saSualebiT iqneboda Se-
saZlebeli adamianis ganzraxvis Sefaseba (Berkowitz 2002). amitom bihevio-
ristTaTvis – àdamianisaTvis zianis miyeneba~ da àdamianisaTvis zianis
12
Tavi 1. agresiis ganmarteba da tipologia. agresiulobis mtruli ganwyobisa...
ganzrax miyeneba~ faqtobrivad erTnairi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis ma-

tarebeli cnebebia. Znelia daeTanxmo sakiTxis amgvar dayenebas.
meore midgoma, romlis saSualebiTac agresiis gansazRvrebisas xde-
ba ganzraxvis momentisaTvis gverdis avla, mdgomareobs agresiuli qce-
vis warmodgenaSi, rogorc movlenisa, romelic arRvevs socialur nor-
mebs. cnobili fsiqologi albert bandura aRniSnavda, rom agresiuli
qceva im saxis qcevaa, romelsac ar gaaCnia socialuri mxardaWera (Ban-
dura 2001). rasakvirvelia, agresiuli qceva marTlac ganixileba sazoga-
doebis umravlesobis mier, rogorc asocialuri qceva, magram ramdenad
gamarTlebulia is, rom mkvlevari operirebs yofiTi warmodgenebiT?
garda amisa, arc imis daviwyebaa saWiro, rom Cvens heterogonul msof-
lioSi mravali gansxvavebuli kultura arsebobs, sadac sruliad gan-
sxvavebulad uyureben im saxis qcevebs, romelsac dasavluri kultura
afasebs, rogorc calsaxad asocialurs. igives adasturebs istoriuli
eqskursic: is rac dRes ukiduresi agresiis gamoxatulebad gveCveneba,
sxva epoqaSi cxovrebis norma iyo.
maSasadame, da Cven aq veTanxmebiT agresiis cnobil amerikel mkvlevars
leonard berkovics, zemoT moyvanili gansazRvrebis CaTvla ar SeiZleba
srulyofilad. Tavad berkovici agresias ganmartavs, rogorc garkveuli
tipis fizikur Tu simbolur qcevas, romelic motivirebulia sxvisadmi
zianis miyenebis ganzraxviT (Berkowitz 2002).
Cveni azriT agresiis ganmartebaSi aucilebelia gamoiyos:
a) fizikuri, fsiqologiuri an sxva tipis zianis miyenebis faqti an misi
mcdeloba;
b) motivaciuri komponenti anu Sesabamisi ganzraxvis qona;
g) msxverplis survilisa da Sesabamisad am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis ar-
qona aseT mopyrobaze;
d) am tipis qcevis uaryofiTi Sefaseba mocemul kulturul garemoSi
miRebuli normebidan gamomdinare an/da im konkretuli sociumis um-
ravlesobis mier, romelSic mocemuli qceva fasdeba (es ukanaskneli
punqti, rasakvirvelia mxolod adamianis agresiis SemTxvevaSia mar-
Tebuli).
am ganmartebidan gamomdinareobs is, rom agresiul qcevad ar SeiZ-
leba CaiTvalos nebayoflobiTi sado-mazoxisturi urTierTobebi, mi-
uxedavad imisa, rom is tkivilis miyenebazea damokidebuli. Cveni aseTi
`verdiqtis~ mizezs warmoadgens is, rom am saxis urTierTobebSi mona-
wile orive mxares surs es. amgvari midgomidan gamomdinareobs agreT-
ve isic, rom erTi da igive qceva erT sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos
agresiulad da Sesabamisad iqnes dagmobili, xolo sxvagan ki amis Camde-
nebi, SeiZleba gmirebadac iqnen Seracxulni. albaT, amis yvelaze naTe-
13
li magaliTi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris movlenebia. dasavluri mentalite-

tisaTvis es Zaladobis gaugebari da Semzaravi aqtia, xolo muslimanTa
mniSvnelovani nawilisaTvis (SesaZlebelia, maTi umravlesobisTvisac)
– udidesi gmirobis aqti, socialurad miRebuli Riad Tu farulad.
am TavSi gvinda ganvmartoT is terminebic, romlebic Sinaarsobrivad
dakavSirebuli arian agresiasTan da popularul literaturaSi zogjer
agresiis sinonimadac gamoiyenebian. esenia: agresiuloba (aggressiveness),
mtruli damokidebuleba (hostility) da mrisxaneba (fury, anger, rage).
jer kidev 1961 wels agresiis cnobili amerikeli mkvlevaris a. ba-
sis mier iqna mowodebuli mocemuli terminebis (agresiis, mtruli da-
mokidebulebisa da mrisxanebis) definicia. am klasifikacias safuZvlad
udevs warmodgenebi fsiqikuri movlenebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sami
ZiriTadi nawilis – kognituri, emociuri da qceviTi komponentebis Se-
saxeb. basis mixedviT mtruli damokidebuleba myari da xangrZlivi nega-
tiuri Sefaseba an SefasebaTa sistemaa, romelsac adamiani iyenebs sxva
gamemomcveli adamianebis, zogadad, cocxali arsebebisa Tu movlenebis
Sesafaseblad (kognituri komponenti); mrisxaneba – emociuri mdgoma-
reobaa, romelsac aqvs motivaciuri Zala (emociuri komponenti), xolo
agresia – dasjis funqciis mqone qceviTi reaqciaa (qceviTi komponenti)
(cit. Ениколопов, Садовская 2000 mixedviT). msgavs definiciebs iZleva l.
berkovicic. misi azriT, mrisxaneba garkveuli emociuri mdgomareobaa,
romlis drosac individs SeiZleba ar hqondes konkretuli mizani, maSin
rodesac agresia moicavs garkveuli miznis arsebobas. berkovicis mixed-
viT, mtruli damokidebuleba – adamianis Tu adamianTa jgufis mimarT
negatiuri ganwyobis arsebobaa, xolo agresiuloba ki met-naklebad sta-
biluri mzaobaa sxvadasxva situaciebSi agresiuli qmedebisaken (Berko-
witz 2002).
zemoTqmuli marTlac gvaZlevs safuZvels vTqvaT, rom mocemuli
terminebi: agresia (agresiuli qceva), agresiuloba, mtruli damokide-
buleba da mrisxaneba/mZvinvareba – gansxvavebuli, Tumca urTierTda-
kavSirebuli movlenebia.
agresiis – am `fundamenturi fsiqikuri fenomenis~ (grigolava da
T.a. 1999) Sesaxeb arsebuli mravali Teoriidan ramodenime ZiriTadi mi-
marTulebis gamoyofa SeiZleba. am mimdinareobaTa warmomadgenlebi ag-
resias ganixilaven, rogorc: 1) memkvidrulad ganpirobebul Tvisebas
Tu instinqts (fsiqoanalitikuri, eTologiuri, sociobiologiuri mid-
gomebi da sxva); 2) moTxovnilebebs, romlebic garegani aversiuli sti-
mulebiTaa aqtivirebuli (frustracia-agresiis Teoria da am Teoriis
berkoviciseuli varianti, agresiis gadatanis zilmaniseuli Teoria da
sxva); 3) kognitur da emociur procesebs (berkovicis axali kognituri
14
kavSirebis warmoqmnis Teoria da sxva); 4) aqtualur socialur qcevas,

dakavSirebuls winaswari daswavlis procesTan (banduras daswavliTi
Teoria da sxva) (Baron & Richardson 2004).
instinqtivistTa warmodgenebis mixedviT agresia instinqturi qce-
vaa, romelic genetikurad Tu `konstituciurad~ daprogramebulia.
adamianis SemTxvevaSic ki, igi erTgvar anTropologiur konstantas war-
moadgens (Guggenbuhl 1997) da misi ganxorcielebis moTxovnileba adamia-
nis sulis siRrmidan modis. am mimarTulebas ekuTvnian z. froidisa da k.
lorencis koncefciebi.
fsiqoanalitikuri koncefciis mixedviT (Freud 1960) adamianis mTa-
var mamoZravebel Zalebs warmoadgenen: sicocxlisaken ltolva (erosi)
da sikvdilisaken ltolva (tanatosi). swored am ukanasknelidan gamom-
dinareobs agresiuli qcevis fenomeni, rogorc movlena, romelic au-
cilebeli Sedegia tanatosis arsebobisa, radganac Tuki misi energia ar
iqneba mimarTuli gareT, igi gamoiwvevs sakuTari organizmis dazianebas.
maSasadame, froidTan agresia organizmSi arsebuli Tandayolili sik-
vdilis instinqtis Sedegia.
Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom warmodgena tanatosis Sesaxeb uar-
yofilia zigmund froidis moZRvrebis mimdevarTa umravlesobis mierve
(Siann 1985), rac garkveulwilad amcirebs, agresiis Sesaxeb froidiseuli
koncefciis damajereblobas.
sainteresoa, rom froidis mier agresiisadmi meti yuradRebis daT-
mobas, swored ainStainis zemoT moyvanilma werilma misca stimuli.
aRniSvnis Rirsia isic, rom froidis moswavlem alfred adlerma
Tavis maswavlebelTan urTierToba ZiriTadad, swored agresiaze maTi
warmodgenebis gansxvavebulobis gamo gawyvita. adleri Tvlida, rom ag-
resiuli motivacia, romelic misi azriT arasrulfasovnebis Tandayo-
lili kompleqsis daZlevis mcdelobas warmoadgenda, adamianis saqmia-
nobis dominanturi motivacia iyo. 1908 wels adlerma SemogvTavaza idea
pirveladi agresiuli instinqtis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romelsac Semdgom
`Zalauflebis neba~ uwoda (cit. Зеленский 2000 mixedviT).
agresiis Tanamedrove fsiqoanalitikuri koncefciebi sakmaod Sors
wavidnen froidiseuli warmodgenebisagan. isini agresiis instinqtur
bunebasac ki uaryofen (Thomä & Kaechele 1996). ufro detalurad, am mi-
marTulebis warmodgenebs fsiqologiuri dacvis fenomenebis analizi-
sas ganvixilavT.
eTologiuri midgoma, romlis avtors udidesi germaneli mkvleva-
ri konrad lorenci warmoadgens, emyareba mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom
cocxal organizmSi agresia spontanurad generirdeba, grovdeba da gan-
muxtvas moiTxovs, rom igi Tandayolili instinqtia (Lorenz 1994). misi
15
koncefciis Tanaxmad, aseTi ganmuxtvisaTvis raime gare gamRizianeblis

arseboba, principSi arc aris saWiro. bolos da bolosorganizmi Tavad
moZebnis mas. adamianebi qmnian politikur partiebs brZolis sakuTari
instinqtebis realizaciisaTvis, magram Tavad politikuri partiebi ro-
di arian agresiis mizezebi, werda lorenci.
iseT adamianebs, romlebmac ver moaxerxes dagrovili agresiis ganmux-
tva, ufro xSirad emarTebaT nervozebi da sxva paTologiebi. aq lorenci
esesxeba amerikel fsiqiatrsa da fsiqoanalitikoss sidnei margolins, ro-
melic CrdiloeT amerikis indielTa rezervaciebSi, ZiriTadad indiel-iu-
taSi swavlobda fsiqikur daavadebebs (Lorenz 1994).
miuxedavad imisa, rom agresiis es hidravlikuri modeli (WurWelSi
Casxmuli wylis mier Seqmnili wnevis msgavsad) (Распономарёва 2001), sakma-
od kargad xsnis agresiasTan dakavSirebul mTel rig momentebs, man sa-
yovelTao gavrceleba ver moipova.
lorencis zemoT moyvanil mosazrebas, garkveulwilad umagrebs
gverds, ukanasknel wlebSi kudriavcevas laboratoriaSi Sesrulebuli
gamokvlevebi. kerZod, nanaxi iqna, rom Tuki Sidasaxeobriv agonistur Se-
jaxebebSi mravalricxovani gamarjvebebis mqone maRalagresiul mamrebs
ar aZlevdnen agresiuli qcevis gamovlenis saSualebas, deprivaciis Sem-
dgom maTi agresiulobis xarisxi mxolod izrdeboda. Tanac, cxovelTa
deprivaciis dro dadebiTad korelirebda postdeprivaciuli agresi-
ulobis xarisxTan. statiis avtoris azriT, lorencis idea agresiuli
energiis dagrovebis ganmapirobebeli garkveuli meqanizmis (oRond, ara
instinqtis!) arsebobis Sesaxeb – WeSmaritia (Кудрявцева 2004). amave mimar-
Tulebas SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT zogierTi avtoris mcdeloba, agresiis
ganmuxtvis ideas neirofiziologiuri monacemebis moZiebiT dauWiros
mxari. cnobilia, rom garegani gamRizianeblebis ararsebobis pirobebSi
neironebi drodadro spontanur ganmuxtvas ganicdian. neironze dadge-
nili am kanonzomierebis tvinis mTel ubanze eqstrapolirebis Sedegad,
avtori midis daskvnamde, rom organizmisaTvis safrTxis ararsebobis
SemTxvevaSi agresiul qcevaze pasuxismgebeli struqturebis neironebi
sensoruli SimSilis pirobebSi aRmoCndebian da maTi agznebadobis done
izrdeba. Sesabamisad, es neironebi SeiZleba spontanuri impulsebis wya-
rod iqcnen, romelic, Tavis mxriv, organizmebSi spontanuri agresiis Ca-
moyalibebas gamoiwvevs (Гогуадзе 1998).
zemoaRniSnul koncefciebTan sakmaod axlos dgas agresiisadmi so-
ciobiologiuri midgoma, romelSic ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba agresi-
uli qcevis genetikur determinirebaze. am koncefciis mixedviT, indi-
videbi, rogorc wesi exmarebian maT visTanac saerTo genebi gaaCniaT (e.i.
naTesavebs) da agresiulni arian maTdami visTanac isini ar imyofebian
16
naTesaur kavSirSi. sociobiologTa aseTi damokidebuleba agresiisad-

mi bunebrivia, radganac sociobiologiis fuZemdebeli e. uilsoni Tvli-
da, rom nebismier sazogadoebriv qcevas biologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia
(Wilson 1975).
dolardisa da Tanaavtorebis agresiis situaciuri koncefciis
(frustracia-agresiis Teoria) mixedviT agresiuli qcevis warmoSoba
yovelTvis ganpirobebulia frustraciis arsebobiT da piriqiT – frus-
traciis arseboba yovelTvis apirobebs agresiis ganviTarebas (Dollard da
T.a. 1939). Tumca ukve 2 wlis Semdeg am Teoriis erT-erTma Tanaavtorma
n.e. milerma masSi garkveuli Sesworebebi Seitana da daamata, rom frus-
tracia iwvevs sxva mraval reaqcias da maT Soris agresiasac (Miller 1941).
dolardisa da misi kolegebis azriT agresiis CamoyalibebaSi wam-
yvani mniSvneloba eniWeba Semdeg faqtorebs: 1) miznis miRwevis Sedegad
subieqtis mier miRebuli dakmayofilebis molodinis xarisxs; 2) winaaR-
mdegobis Zalas, romlis daZlevacaa saWiro miznis misaRwevad; 3) zedi-
zed ganviTarebuli frustraciaTa raodenobas (Baron & Richardson, 2004).
dolardi iziarebda agreTve kaTarzisis koncefcias, romlis mixedvi-
Tac agresiis gadatana frustraciis mizezidan sxva obieqtze, amcirebs
Semdgomi agresiuli qcevis survils.
miuxedavad imisa, rom frustracias yovelTvis ar mivyavarT agresi-
amde da agresiis iseTi saxe, rogoric instrumentuli agresiaa (agresiis
am formis Sesaxeb ixileT qvemoT), uSualod ar warmoadgens frustraci-
is Sedegs (Ильин 2006), mainc frustracia–agresiis Teoriam didi zegav-
lena iqonia agresologiaze da mraval sxva Teorias daudo safuZveli.
dRes erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli koncefciaa berkovicis Te-
oria (Berkowitz 2002), sadac frustracia, mxolod erTia im mravali sti-
mulebidan, romelsac agresiamde SeuZlia migviyvanos. Tanac igi qmnis
agresiisadmi organizmis mzadyofnas da garemodan garkveuli saxis sti-
mulis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi apirobebs agresias. berkovici ar iziarebs
kaTarzisis koncefcias. misi azriT agresiis gadatanis fenomeni (ro-
melsac safuZvlad udevs individis uunaroba upasuxos imas, visi Tu ri-
si mizeziTac igi frustrirebulia) Tavad SeiZleba iyos agresiis gaZli-
erebis mizezi (Gustafson 1989). berkovici Tvlis, rom frustracia da sxva
aversiuli stimulebi ayalibeben agresiul reaqcias negatiuri afeqtis
Seqmnis gziT, e.i. Tuki individi mocemul movlenas ar aRiqvams rogorc
uaryofiTs – araviTar agresias ar eqneba adgili.
zilmanis agznebis gadatanis Teoriis mixedviT agresia gamowveu-
lia ara raRac moTxovnilebis arsebobiT (romlis Sefaseba kvlevis obi-
eqturi meTodebiT SeuZlebelia), aramed garkveuli agznebiT. am ukana-
sknelis Sefaseba ki SesaZlebelia kvlevis instrumentuli meTodebiT
17
(Zillman 1988). igi pirvel yovlisa, simpaTikuri nervuli sistemis agznebas

da mis Sesabamis somatur komponents gulisxmobda, romelic, rogorc
cnobilia stres-reaqciis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens.
zilmani agreTve Tvlida, rom agzneba erTi wyarodan SeiZleba gada-
tanil iqnas meoreze da amiT gaaZlieros an Seamciros emociuri reaqciis
Zala da Sedegad Tavad agresiac. mkvlevarTa mier, marTlac nanaxi iqna,
rom iseTi wyaroebidan agzneba, rogorebicaa fizikuri aqtivoba (Zillman
1988), Zaladobis Sesaxeb filmebi, erotika, xmauri – xels uwyoben agre-
siul reaqciaTa warmoSobasa da gamovlinebas (Baron & Richardson 2004).
aRmoCnda, rom igive moqmedeba axasiaTebda atmosferuli haeris maRal
temperaturasac. es Sedegebi miRebul iqna laboratoriuli gamokvle-
vebis dros. agreTve, 1967 wels amerikis SeerTebul Statebis mravali qa-
laqis zangTa getoebSi policiasTan da erovnul gvardiasTan momxdari
Setakebebis TariRebi emTxveoda haeris yvelaze maRali temperaturis
periodebs (Berkowitz 2002).
banduras socialuri daswavliTi Teoriis mixedviT (es Teoria
erTgvari gagrZelebaa frustracia-agresiis Teoriis) agresia qcevaa,
romlis Camosayalibeblad da gansamtkiceblad sami saxis procesis ar-
sebobaa saWiro: 1) ontogenezis ganmavlobaSi agresiuli tipis qcevis
SeTvisebis; 2) agresiuli qcevis maprovocirebeli faqtorebis; 3) im pi-
robebis, romlebic ganamtkiceben agresiuli qcevis stereotips (Bandura
2001). daswavlasTan erTad bandura ar uaryofs agresiis biologiur me-
qanizmebs, ubralod isini ganixilebian im neirofiziologiuri meqaniz-
mebis farglebSi, romelTa aqtivaciac maprovocirebel garemo pirobebs
SeuZliaT, agresiis maregulirebeli meqanizmebis sisustis fonze. ban-
duras koncefcia ufro metad aris Ria modifikaciebis SetanisaTvis da
Sesabamisad, axali komponentebis SeTvisebisaTvis. agreTve, swored igi
udevs safuZvlad agresiis profilaqtikisa da koreqciisaTvis saWiro
RonisZiebaTa umravlesobas (Bandura 2001).
***
yvela zemoT moyvanili Teoriis ganxilvis Semdgom iseTi STabeWdileba
rCeba, rom yovel maTganSi aris raRac racionaluri, yoveli maTgani asaxavs
WeSmaritebis raRac nawils. es marTlac asea! samwuxarod jer-jerobiT ar
arsebobs agresiis integraluri Teoria. misi Seqmna jer winaa.
18
Tavi 2
agresiuli qcevis klasifikaciebi
agresiis cnobili mkvlevari a. basi Tvlis, rom adamianis agresiuli

qcevis aRwera SesaZlebelia sami skalis gamoyenebiT: fizikuri – verba-
luri, aqtiuri – pasiuri da pirdapiri – arapirdapiri (Baron & Richardson,
2004), romelTa kombinaciis Sedegad miiReba 8 sxvadasxva varianti. miu-
xedavad mocemuli sami skalis gamoyenebisa, basis es klasifikacia, mainc
binarul klasifikacias warmoadgens.
agresia SeiZleba varirebdes sityvieri Seuracxyofidan (verbaluri
agresia) uxeSi fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebamde (fizikuri agresia). agresia
arsebobs situaciuri da pirovnuli, mdgradi da aramdgradi formebis
saxiT (Левина 1999). situaciuri agresiis qveS igulisxmeba misi gamovle-
na situaciis Sesabamisad (xSirad, mxolod epizoduri), xolo pirovnu-
li agresia – adamianSi Camoyalibebuli Sesabamisi myari individualuri
Tvisebebis arsebobaSi gamoixateba. es ukanaskneli mudmivad vlindeba,
rogorc ki individs gamovlenis saSualeba miecema.
eTologebi gamoyofen agresiis sam tips: 1) mtaceblur agresias; 2)
saxeobaTSoris agresias; 3) Sidasaxeobriv agresias (Fromm 1994). mtaceb-
luri agresia Tavisi arsiT ufro kvebiTi qcevis formas warmoadgens,
vidre agresias, rogorc aseTs. yovel SemTxvevaSi Tu ganviTarebis Si-
nagani meqanizmebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, igi principulad gansxvavdeba
Sidasaxeobrivi da mniSvnelovanwilad gansxvavdeba saxeobaTSorisi ag-
resiisagan (Lorenz 1994). saxeobaTSorisi agresia, zogjer SeiZleba hgav-
des Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis zogierT gamovlinebas, magram bunebaSi ase-
Ti Tanxvedra sakmaod iSviaTia.
swored Sidasaxeobrivi agresia warmoadgens im movlenas, romlis Se-
saxeb aris dawerili mocemuli wigni. vfiqrobT, rom yvelaze metad ag-
resiis am formisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli is, rac agresiad aRiqmeba.
amis gamo, ZiriTadad am saxis agresiaze gveqneba wignSi saubari. Tumca
zogjer agresiis sxva tipebsac SevexebiT xolme.
Tavis mxriv, Sida- da saxeobaTSorisi agresia arsebobs, rogorc Tav-
dasxmiTi, ise TavdacviTi formebis saxiT. am midgomis Tanaxmad agresia
19
SeiZleba iyos ori tipis: SiSiT gamowveuli TavdacviTi agresia (defensi-

ve) da maRalagresiuli individebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli – SeteviTi mam-
rTaSorisi agresia (offensive) (Maxson 2000; Wall da T.a. 2003).
bunebrivia, rom qceva, romelic Setevasa da TavdasxmasTan aris da-
kavSirebuli TavdasxmiT agresiad aris miCneuli. misgan gansxvavebiT
TavdacviTi agresia ar (praqtikulad ar) Seicavs oponentTan aqtiuri
miaxloebis komponents (Soma da T.a. 2008). cnobilia, rom TavdacviTi ag-
resia Zlier emociebTan – mrisxanebasTan, mZvinvarebasTan, gaafTrebas-
Tan, gaSmagebasTan (anger, fury, rage) aris dakavSirebuli, xolo Tavdasxmi-
Ti agresia ki ar aris dakavSirebuli aseTi mZafri emociebis generacias-
Tan (Blanchard & Blanchard 2006; Card & Little 2006; Dodge & Coie 1987; Kempes da
T.a. 2005; Ramirez & Andreu 2006; Wall da T.a. 2003).
fsiqologebi ganarCeven instrumentul (instrumental) da mtrul (hosti-
le) agresias. pirveli xorcieldeba garkveuli Sedegis misaRwevad da ar
isaxavs TviTmiznad obieqtisadmi zianisa da zaralis miyenebas. mtruli
agresiis TviTmizans ki swored obieqtisadmi garkveuli zaralis/zia-
nis miyeneba warmoadgens (Baron & Richardson, 2004). l. berkovici eTanxmeba
agresiis aseT klasifikacias, oRond mtruli agresiis nacvlad iyenebs
termins emociuri (emotional) agresia. mas es termini ufro gamarTlebu-
lad miaCnia, radganac Tvlis, rom mtruli agresiis safuZveli negati-
uri emocebiT gamowveuli agznebaa anu misi azriT, emocia pirveladia.
am tipis agresias avtori ganmartavs, rogorc agresias gamowveuls in-
dividis intensiuri Sinagani fiziologiuri da motoruli reaqciebiT
(Berkowitz 2002). aRniSnuli Sinagani agzneba astimulirebs agresiul ten-
denciebs msxverplisaTvis zaralis misayeneblad. emociuri agresiulo-
bisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia impulsuroba (eqspresiuloba) da seriozuli
dagegmarebisa da gaazrebis ararseboba. am dros mtruli azrebi da war-
modgenebi Tan sdeven agresiul qmedebebs.
avtorTa absoluturi umravlesobac Tvlis, rom emociuri agresi-
is safuZvels negatiuri afeqti warmoadgens. zemoT moyvanil wignSi l.
berkovici mas aversiuli stimulebiT gamowveul agresiasac uwodebs.
igive movlenis aRsaniSnavad, sxva fsiqologebi xSirad iyeneben termins
– gaRizianebiT (irritable) gamowveuli agresia.
im faqtis dasadastureblad, rom emociuri agresia, rogorc feno-
meni, marTlac arsebobs da mas safuZvlad sxva adamianis (zogjer `damna-
Saves~, zogjer ki sruliad udanaSaulos) dasja udevs, agresiis cnobili
amerikeli mkvlevaris robert beronis klasikuri eqsperimentis moyvana
SeiZleba (Baron & Richardson, 2004). am eqsperimentSi monawileobas iReb-
dnen universitetis studentebi, romlebsac uyvebodnen eqsperimentis
cru miznebze (kerZod, eubnebodnen, rom maT mizans eqsperimentatoris
20
Tavi 2. agresiuli qcevis klasifikaciebi
TanaSemwis garkveuli amocanis Sesrulebisas daSvebul Secdomebze re-

agireba warmoadgenda). amis Semdeg (eqsperimentis dawyebamde) studen-
tTa naxevars (e.w. eqsperimentul jgufs) eqsperimentatoris TanaSemwe
specialurad aRizianebda da mihyavda isini ganrisxebamde. studentTa
meore naxevari (sakontrolo jgufi) ki imyofeboda normalur, wynar
mdgomareobaSi. eqsperimentis ganmavlobaSi, yvela cdispirs SeeZlo
aTjer daertya eleqtruli deni eqsperimentatoris TanaSemwisTvis, am
ukanasknelTa mier garkveuli amocanebis Sesrulebisas daSvebuli Sec-
domebis gamo. oRond, Tavad cdispirebi sazRvravdnen eleqtruli dar-
tymis simZlavres. mniSvnelovani iyo is momentic, rom cdispirs SeeZlo
enaxa mricxveli, romelic aCvenebda Tu ra `siZlieris~ tkivils ganicdi-
da eqsperimentatoris TanaSemwe (rasakvirvelia, rogorc am tipis cdeb-
Si xdeba xolme, aqac informacia tkivilis Sesaxeb falsificirebuli
iyo). miRebuli Sedegebi kargad Cans moyvanil suraTze (suraTi 2.1) sa-
kontrolo jgufis adamianebSi informacia msxverplisaTvis miyenebuli
tkivilis Sesaxeb iwvevda miyenebul dartymaTa simZlavris Semcirebas,
xolo msxverplis mier ganrisxebul adamianebSi analogiuri informacia
zrdida dartymaTa siZlieres (Baron & Richardson, 2004). garda amisa, ro-
sur. 2.1. cdispirTa emociuri mdgomareobis kavSiri maT mier

eqsperimentatoris TanaSemwis dasjis intensivobasTan (Baron&Richardson 2004)
21
gorc beroni aRniSnavda, vizualuradac kargad Canda, rom sakontrolo

jgufis adamianebi Sewuxebulni iyvnen imiT, rom tkivils ayenebdnen sxva
adamians, xolo ganrisxebul adamianebs, sxvisTvis tkivilis miyeneba si-
amovnebas hgvrida.
msgavsi Sedegebi iyo miRebuli berkovicis mierac. oRond amjerad
adamiani, romelsac cdispirebi `sjidnen~ (anu maTi azriT ayenebdnen
tkivils), ar iyo dakavSirebuli cdispirTa gaRizianebis procesTan (Ber-
kowitz 2002), anu es ukanasknelni mzad iyvnen daesajaT is adamianebic ki,
romlebsac aranairi kavSiri ar hqondaT maT problemebTan.
amerikeli mkvlevarebis dojisa da koies mier SemoRebuli iqna reaq-
tiuli da proaqtiuli agresiis cnebebi. maTi azriT reaqtiuli agresia
warmoadgens pasuxs realur Tu warmosaxviT Setevasa da muqaraze. pro-
aqtiuli agresia (daZaleba, daSineba da sxva) ki inicirdeba Tavad moZa-
ladis mier da mis mizans sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba war-
moadgens. proaqtiuli agresia xSirad mimarTulia ufro susti da dauc-
veli arsebis winaaRmdeg. mocemul avtorTa azriT, proaqtiuli agresia
SeiZleba iyos rogorc instrumentuli (mag. Zalauflebis misaRwevad/
SesanarCuneblad adamianTa devna, SekveTili mkvlelobebi da a.S.), ise
mtruli (mag. SemTxveviT adamianze javris amoyra) (Dodge & Coie 1987).
rogorc vxedavT arsebobs agresiuli qcevis bevri binaruli, Tavisi
SinaarsiT diqitomiuri klasifikacia. zogi avtori ganasxvavebs proaq-
tiul da reaqtiul (Crick & Dodge, 1996), zogi instrumentul da mtrul
(Aronson, 1992; Kingsbury da T.a., 1997), zogic ki – impulsur (impulsive) da wi-
naswar dagegmis agresias (Barratt & Slaughter, 1998; Houston da T.a., 2003). zo-
gierTi mkvlevari ki saubrobs mtaceblur da afeqtur agresiaze (Ramirez
& Andreu, 2006; Vitiello da T.a., 1990).
ramiresi da andreu (Ramirez & Andreu 2006) Tavis statiaSi Seecadnen
Tavi moeyaraT im terminebisTvis, romlebic gamoiyeneba TavdacviTi da
TavdasxmiTi agresiis dasaxasiaTeblad da romlebic xazs usvamen am or
formas Soris sxvaobas. maT miiRes Semdegi diqotomia: erTi mxriv, hosti-
le – impulsive – uncontrolled – unplanned – reactive – hot blooded – overt – defensive
– affective – negative/destructive tipis agresia da meore mxriv ki – instrumental
– premeditated – controlled – planned – proactive – cold blooded – hidden – offensive-
predatory – positive/constructive tipis agresia.
fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT mtruli (sinonimebi: hostile – impulsive
– uncontrolled – unplanned– reactive – hot blooded – overt – defensive – affective – ne-
gative/destructive) agresia dakavSirebulia destruqciul qcevasTan (Dodge
& Coie 1987). fiziologiuri TvalsazrisiT ki – simpaTikuri nervuli sis-
temis agznebasTan (Ramirez & Andreu 2006). agresiis am saxisagan gansxvave-
biT instrumentul (sinonimebi: instrumental – premeditated – controlled – planned
22
– proactive – cold blooded – hidden – offensive – predatory – positive/constructive) ag-

resias ar axasiaTebs fsiqofiziologiuri da neirofiziologiuri maxa-
siaTeblebis (Barratt da T.a., 1997a; Stanford da T.a., 2003b), prefrontaluri
struqturebis funqciisa (Raine da T.a., 1998) da P300 amplitudis cvli-
lebebi (Barratt da T.a., 1997b).
arsebobs agresiis iseTi klasifikaciebic, romlebic scdebian zemoT
moyvanil binarul sqemebs. swored aseT klasifikacias warmoadgens mo-
ieris klasifikacia, romelSic gamoyofilia agresiis 7 tipi: mtaceblu-
ri (predatory), mamrTaSorisi (intermale), teritoriuli (territorial), dedobrivi
(maternal), gaRizianebiT gamowveuli (irritable), SiSiT gamowveuli (fear-indu-
ced) da instrumentuli (instrumental) (Moyer 1971). mocemuli klasifikacia
farTod aris gavrcelebuli samecniero literaturaSi (ix. mag. Sugden da
T.a. 2006 da sxva). vingfildma da Tanaavtorebma, swored am klasifikaci-
aze dayrdnobiT, Seqmnes agresiuli qcevis sakuTari aseve Svidkomponen-
tiani klasifikacia: 1. sivrciTi (Spatial) agresia (moieris klasifikaciaSi
mas Seesabameba teritoriuli agresia); 2. sakvebisa da wylis resursebis
dauflebis surviliT gamowveuli agresia (agresiis es tipi Seesabameba
moieris klasifikaciaSi arsebul mtacebluri agresiis tips); 3. dominan-
turi statusis miRwevisTvis aucilebeli agresia; 4. seqsualuri agresia
(partnioris dauflebisa da dacvis); 5. mSoblismieri agresia (rogorc
dedobrivi, ise mamobrivi); 6. mtaceblis sawinaaRmdego da saxeobaTSo-
risi agresia. avtorTa azriT am tipis agresias miekuTvneba moieris Si-
SiT gamowveuli agresiac; 7. gaRizianebiT gamowveuli agresia (Wingfield
da T.a. 2006).
sxva avtorebi gamoyofen agresiis 5 tips: mtaceblurs, SejibriTs
(play fighting – es termini Cven gadavTargmneT, rogorc TamaSSi Sejibri-
Ti), dedobrivs, TavdacviT agresiasa (defensive aggression) da TavdasxmiT
agresias (offensive aggression) (Blanchard da T.a. 2003). mocemuli statiis av-
torebi agresiis pirvel or tips calke ganixilaven da Tvlian, rom maTi
meqanizmebi seriozulad gansxvavdeba agresiis danarCeni saxeebis ganma-
pirobebeli meqanizmebisagan.
mocemuli arabinaruli sqemebis minusi is aris, rom am tipis klasi-
fikaciaSi Semavali elementebi xSirad faraven erTmaneTs. mag., SiSiT ga-
mowveuli, iseve, rogorc gaRizianebiT gamowveuli agresia, amave dros
SeiZleba iyos mamrTaSorisic. magram, miuxedavad am minusisa, aseTi kla-
sifikaciebi ufro farTod moicaven bunebaSi arsebuli agresiuli qce-
vis yvela tips.
gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom individebs, romlebSic prevalirebs agre-
siis zemoT moyvanili ori tipidan erT-erTi (adamianebis umravlesoba
ar avlens midrekilebas agresiis erTi romelime tipis mimarT) – pirov-
23
nuli Taviseburebebis gansxvavebuli klasterebi Seesabameba (Caprara et

al. 1996). magaliTad, pirebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT midrekileba impulsuri
agresiisadmi, SeiZleba daxasiaTdnen, rogorc maRali emociuri mgrZno-
belobis mqoneni. xolo pirebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT midrekileba instru-
mentuli agresiisken, SeiZleba daxasiaTdnen, rogorc pirebi, romelTac
maRali qulebi aqvT Zaladobis pozitiurad Sefasebis faqtoris mixed-
viT. es individebi bevrad ufro naklebad ganicdian moralur pasuxis-
mgeblobas agresiuli qcevebis gamo (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2004).
arsebobs mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom dominant cxovelebSi da sazo-
gadoebaSi liderul poziciaze myof adamianebSi prevalirebs Tavdas-
xmiTi, instrumentuli agresia (Blanchard & Blanchard 2006; Wall da T.a. 2003).
kerZod, cnobilia, rom fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT instrumentuli
agresia asocirebulia liderobasTan (Ramirez & Andreu 2006). fsiqiatrTa
TvalsazrisiT, fsiqopatebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens in-
strumentuli agresia, romelic dakavSirebulia dominirebasTan, emo-
ciuri gamovlinebebis siRaribesTan, ugulobasTan (Hare 1999; Kempes da
T.a. 2005).
erTi SexedviT, es asec aris da dominantebsa da agresiul liderebs
(termini lideri mocemul monografiaSi gamoiyeneba mxolod adamianTan
mimarTebaSi, xolo termini dominanti – ZiriTadad cxovelTa samyaros
warmomadgenlebis mimarT. Tumca, am ukanaskneli terminis gamoyeneba –
teqstis gadatvirTvisagan Tavis acilebis mizniT – dasaSvebad migvaCnia
lideri adamianebis mimarTac), marTlac, agresiis mocemuli tipi axasia-
TebT. magram, gvinda gavakritikoT arsebuli mosazrebebi. am warmodge-
nebis Tanaxmad gamodis, rom dominanti organizmebi da is liderebi, rom-
lebmac miaRwies dominirebas agresiuli qmedebebis gziT, warmoadgenen
mxolod da mxolod racionalurad moazrovne arsebebs, maT mier Cade-
nili Zaladobis aqtebi mxolod maTi mdgomareobis gasamyareblad aris
mimarTuli da ar Seicavs siamovnebis miRebis komponents.
aseve cnobilia, rom dominant cxovelebSic (laboratoriul piro-
bebSi, dominantebad iTvlebian cxovelebi, romlebic permanentulad
imarjveben agonistur SetakebebSi (Bjоrkqvist 2001; Wall da T.a. 2003)) aRi-
niSneba agresia, romelic ufro impulsur xasiaTs atarebs. kerZod, mTel
rig eqsperimentebSi nanaxi iqna, rom permanentuli gamarjvebis gamocdi-
lebis mqone cxovelebSi agresias ar hqonda instrumentuli (mZafri emo-
ciebisagan Tavisufali) xasiaTi – igi ar mcirdeboda mowinaaRmdege cxo-
velis mier morCilebis pozis miRebis Semdeg (rogorc es normaSi xdeba).
agresoris Seteva iyo SeuCerebeli (Kudryavtseva da T.a. 2004). SfoTis zrda
permanentuli gamarjvebis gamocdilebis mqone rogorc agresiul (ga-
movlenils sensoruli kontaqtis modelSi), ise dominant (gamovlenils
24
populaciur kvlevebSi) organizmebSi (Ferrari da T.a. 1998; Kudryavtseva da

T.a. 2002; Kudryavtseva da T.a. 2004) aseve miuTiTebs dominanturi qcevis Ca-
moyalibebaSi stres-reaqciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli emociuri komponen-
tebis arsebobaze (Ferrari da T.a. 1998).
aseve, arsebobs mravali gamokvleva, romlebic adastureben agonis-
turi Setakebis maRal stresogenobas ara marto subordinanti, aramed
dominanti cxovelebisTvisac (Summers & Winberg 2006) da, rom gamarjve-
bulebsac aReniSnebaT vegetatiuri nervuli sistemis Zlieri agzneba
(Bartolomucci da T.a. 2003).
bunebriv pirobebSi mcxovrebi organizmebis Seswavlisas nanaxi iqna,
rom dominantebSic sakmaod xSiria agonisturi Setakebisas organizmSi
testosteronis sinTezis Semcireba (Wingfield & Sapolsky 2003). es miuTi-
Tebs imaze, rom xSirad dominantTa agresiac ar aris Tavisufali emo-
ciuri komponentisagan, radganac cnobilia, rom emociuri stresis ze-
moqmedebiT testosteronis sinTezi mcirdeba rogorc cxovelebSi, ise
adamianebSi (Pacák & Palkovits 2001; Zitzmann & Nieschlag 2001). maSasadame, tes-
tosteronis Semcirebuli done gamarjvebulebSi da dominantebSi, aS-
karad miuTiTebs maT maRal nervul-emociul daZabulobaze (Таранов da
T.a. 1986).
sapolskis da reis mier naCvenebi iqna, rom populaciaSi stabiluri
situaciis drosac ki (arastabiluri situaciis pirobebSi, agonisturi
Setakebis Sedegad testosteronis koncentracia sisxlSi ecema rogorc
dominantebSi, ise subordinantebSi (Wingfield & Sapolsky 2003)) gxvdebian
dominantebi, romlebsac testosteronis koncentracia agonisturi Se-
takebisas umcirdebaT. isini amiT emsgavsebian subordinantebs da ar gva-
nan sxva dominant organizmebs, romlebsac testosteronis done tran-
zitorulad ezrdebaT. avtorTa azriT, isini xasiaTdebian stresogenul
situaciaze `kontolis~ uunarobiT (Sapolsky & Ray 1989) anu emociurad
Seferili da ara instrumentuli agresiiT.
kacobriobis istoriisa da dRevandelobis analizi, aseve uaryofs
zemoT moyvanil Teziss liderebis instrumentuli agresiis Sesaxeb.
marTalia, iseTi agresiuli politikuri lideri, rogoric iyo stalini
SesaZlebelia, upiratesad instrumentuli agresiiT xasiaTdeboda, mag-
ram aranakleb agresiuli hitleri – aSkarad impulsurobiT gamoirCeo-
da (Fromm 1994).
agreTve, cnobilia, rom qalebi ufro xSirad mimarTaven instrumen-
tul agresias vidre mamakacebi, xolo reaqtiuli, impulsuri, daufaravi
(overt) agresia ufro metad mamakacebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli (Card &
Little 2006; Crick 1997). gamodis, rom dominantebisTvis da liderebisTvis
25
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi ufro metad aqvT qalebs, vidre mamakacebs.

rac Cveni azriT simarTles ar Seefereba.
mocemul koncefcias kiTxvis niSnis qveS kidev ufro metad is faqti
ayenebs, rom reaqtiuli da proaqtiuli tipis agresias Soris aRiniSneba
sakmaod maRali dadebiTi korelacia (arada, rogorc aRvniSneT, lite-
raturaSi gavrcelebuli sqemebis mixedviT isini TiTqosda diqotomiur
movlenebs warmoadgenen): r=0.76 (Dodge & Coie, 1987), r=0.87 (Dodge et al. 1990),
r=0.82 (Poulin & Boivin, 2000). Tumca, erT-erT statiaSi, aseTi maRali kore-
laciis arseboba kiTxvis niSnis qveS aris dayenebuli (ix. Card & Little 2006),
magram, Cveni azriT, es am avtorebs sakmaod arasarwmunod gamosdiT.
yovelive zemoTqmulze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom, rogorc
Cans, dominant organizmebs da liderebs adamianTa sazogadoebaSi, iseve
SeiZleba axasiaTebdeT rogorc proaqtiuri, aseve reaqtiuli agresia.
zemomoyvanili ramodenime abzaciT Cven sulac ar gvinda im azris
uaryofa, rom dominantebi/liderebi marTlac xSirad xasiaTdebian in-
strumentuli agresiiT. maS raSia saqme?
saqme is aris, rom dominantebs, maTi statusidan gamomdinare, xSirad
ar sWirdebaT arc mZafri emociuri reagireba sakuTari miznebis misaR-
wevad da Sesabamisad, arc organizmis funqciebis zedmeti mobilizeba.
dominantebSi da liderebSi instrumentuli agresia dominirebisa da li-
derobis, rogorc aseTis, funqciis asaxva ufroa, vidre konkretulad
am organizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis. Cveni azriT, swored es
aris mizezi imisa Tu ratom gxvdeba ase xSirad agresiul dominantebSi/
liderebSi instrumentuli agresia.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans, instrumentuli (instrumen-
tal – premeditated – controlled – planned – proactive – cold blooded – hidden – offensive
– predatory – positive/constructive) da impulsuri (hostile – impulsive – uncontrolled
– unplanned – reactive – hot blooded – overt – defensive – affective – negative/destruc-
tive) agresiis diqotomiuri sqema srulad ver asaxavs agresiis arsebuli
variantebis mTel speqtrs. mocemul situacias (oRond cota sxva Tval-
sazrisiT) kargad acnobiereben isinic ki vinc am koncefcias iziarebs.
kerZod, uoli da Tanaavtorebi (Wall da T.a. 2003) saubroben adamianebSi
TavdasxmiTi agresiis TavdacviTisgan gamocalkevebis sirTuleze da
aRniSnaven, rom xSirad individebi TavdasxmiT agresias TavdacviTi mo-
tivebiT niRbaven.
instrumentulia Tu impulsuri dominantis qceva, rodesac igi ga-
nagrZobs Setevas subordinant cxovelze, romelsac morCilebis poza
aqvs miRebuli? miTumetes Tu konfliqti imitom daiwyo, rom mdedris-
gan uaris miRebam dominanti `cud xasiaTze~ daayena. rasakvirvelia, mo-
cemuli agresia ver iqneba `klasikuri~ saxis instrumentuli agresia,
26
radganac ar Cans is konkretuli mizani, romelsac dominanti eswrafvis

(ix. instrumentuli da TavdasxmiTi agresiis ganmarteba Ramirez & Andreu
(2006) da Wall da T.a. (2003)). magram igi arc impulsuria, im gagebiT, rom
impulsuri agresia ganmartebis mixedviT – reaqtiuli agresiaa (Card &
Little 2006; Ramirez & Andreu 2006), xolo subordinanti cxovelis mxridan ki
aranair provocirebas ar hqonia da ar aqvs adgili.
mocemuli problemis analizisas upriani iqneba Semdegi daSvebis ga-
keTeba: rogorc Cans, zogierT dominants reaqtiulobis Zalian dabali
zRurbli gaaCnia da igi yovelgvari provocirebis gareSe reagirebs ag-
resiulad. SesaZloa, es misi xasiaTis Taviseburebas warmoadgens. am ma-
xasiaTeblebis mqone dominantTa agresia, instrumentulad unda CavTva-
loT Tu reaqtiulad? Cven vfiqrobT, rom aseTi tipis agresiuli qceva
Tavisi arsiT TavdasxmiTia, magram amave dros igi mZafri emociuri da
vegetatiuri agznebiTac xasiaTdeba. Sesabamisad, gvinda gamovyoT mesa-
me tipis agresiuli qceva – frustraciiT gamowveuli TavdasxmiTi ag-
resia, romelsac Tan axlavs risxvis emocia da aqvs orive `klasikuri~
tipis agresiis Tvisebebi. Ramirez & Andreu (2006) zemoT ganxiluli sqemis
mixedviT Tu vixelmZRvanelebT miviRebT, rom mocemuli tipis agresias
axasiaTebs Semdegi niSnebi: hostile-impulsive-uncontrolled-unplanned-proactive-hot
blooded-overt-offensive. rogorc Cans, orive tipis agresiuli qcevis Tvise-
bebisagan Sedgenili `koqteili~ marTlac SeiZleba arsebobdes, rodesac
saqme gvaqvs reaqtiulobis dabali zRurblis mqone dominantebis agre-
siasTan.
rogorc cnobilia, risxvis (anger) ori tipidan (trait and state) erT-erTi
– kerZod, risxva, rogorc pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli qaraqtero-
logiuri Tviseba (trait anger), SeiZleba CavTvaloT reaqtiulobis dabali
zRurblis mqone xasiaTis gamovlinebad, ris Sedegadac individs ris-
xva uCndeba Zalian farTo speqtris met-naklebad uwyinari faqtorebis
moqmedebisa (Ramirez & Andreu 2006). vfiqrobT, rom aseTi xasiaTis qonis
`fufuneba~, ufro metad damaxasiaTebeli unda iyos dominanti organiz-
mebisTvis. iseve, rogorc impulsurobis damaxasiaTebeli erT-erTi ni-
Sani – stimulis moqmedebisTanave dauyovnebliv ganaxorcielos pasuxi
(Ramirez & Andreu, 2006).
am mosazrebas sxva argumentebiTac gavamagrebT. TavdasxmiTi agre-
siis genezSi avtorebi gamoyofen garkveuli gamowvevis (challenge) arse-
bobas (Wall da T.a. 2003). isini calsaxad ganasxvaveben TavdacviT (defensive
threat – attack) agresias, gamowvevasTan dakavSirebuli (competition – challen-
ge-based) agresiisagan. amave dros, sxva avtorebi aRniSnaven sxvadasxva
gamowvevebis stresogenur bunebas rogorc adamianebSi, ise cxoveleb-
Si (French da T.a. 2007; Glei da T.a. 2007; Podsakoff da T.a. 2007). xolo sadac
27
stresia, iq garkveul emociur da vegetatiur Zvrebs aqvs adgili. Sesa-

bamisad, am gamowvevis Sedegad ganviTarebuli agresiuli reaqcia ver
iqneba `civsisxliani~. Cvens mosazrebas adastureben faqtebi, romleb-
mac literaturaSi jerovani Sefaseba ver hpoves. zogierTi avtoris mi-
xedviT gamarjvebulebs kortizolis done sisxlSi ufro maRali aqvT,
vidre damarcxebulebs (Anderson & Summers 2007), aseve stresis done da
glukokortikoidebis koncentracia sisxlSi dominantebs zogjer ufro
maRali aqvT, vidre subordinantebs (Creel 2001; Sapolsky 2005), amave dros
sxva avtorebi saubroben glukokortikoidebis ufro dabal Semcvelob-
ze dominantebsa da agonistur SejaxebaSi gamarjvebulebSi (Abbott da T.a.
2003; Drews 1993; Hardy, da T.a. 2002; Wingfield & Sapolsky 2003). Cveni azriT, mo-
cemuli winaaRmdegoba gamowveulia ara marto konkretuli agonisturi
Setakebis TaviseburebebiT, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, miuTiTebs ori
tipis TavdasxmiTi qcevis arsebobaze. pirveli maTgani mZafri emociu-
ri gamovlinebebiT xasiaTdeba (rac zrdis am tipis organizmebSi gluko-
kortikoidebis dones), xolo meore ki – emociurad naklebad aris Sefe-
rili (Sesabamisad, ar aris dakavSirebuli am hormonebis mkveTr mobili-
zaciasTan).
gvinda SevniSnoT, rom zemoT moyvanili sami tipis garda, SeiZleba
agresiis kidev erTi tipis gamoyofa.
cnobilia, rom Tu ama Tu im qcevas aqvs tendencia gameorebisa-
ken, maSasadame, igi dakavSirebulia dadebiTi emociebis generaciasTan
(Кудрявцева 2004). negatiuri emociebisagan gansxvavebiT pozitiuri emo-
ciebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc erTgvari signalebi àrsebuli kur-
sis~ SesanarCuneblad (Cacioppo & Gardner 1999). amasTan cnobilia, rom Tu
agresia erTxel gamovlinda, igi aucileblad ganmeordeba (Moyer 1987). am
monacemebze dayrdnobiT kudriavcevas (Кудрявцева 2004) mier gamoTqmuli
iqna mosazreba, rom mamrebs, romlebsac agresiis gamocdileba gaaCniaT
(Cveni mxriv davumatebT – warmatebuli agresiis gamocdileba) uyalib-
debaT Sinagani motivi Seution da daimorCilon sxva mamrebi, gamomdina-
re im pozitiuri emociebidan, romelic maT ganicades konkurentis da-
marcxebis Sedegad. mocemuli ideis arapirdapir dasturs warmoadgens
monacemebi tvinis opioiduri sistemis qronikuli aqtivaciis Sesaxeb
agresiul gamarjvebulebSi. cnobilia, rom es sistema dadebiTi ganmtki-
cebis (positive reward) procesis erT-erT mTavar monawiles warmoadgens
(Cooper 1991). maSasadame, arsebobs agresiis forma, romelic ar aris mi-
marTuli mxolod resursebis dauflebisaken an/da morCilebis miRwevi-
saken (da masSi, es komponenti ar aris mTavari) da dakavSirebulia Tavad
agresiis procesisagan siamovnebis miRebasTan. siamovnebis miRebasTan
28
dakavSirebuli agresiis arsebobas, zemoT moyvanilis garda, aRiareben

sxva avtorebic (Burghardt 2004; Ingle 2004). vfiqrobT, rom agresiis es tipi
ZiriTadad viTardeba, rogorc erTgvari Sedegi warmatebuli Tavdas-
xmiTi agresiisa.
zemoTqmulis safuZvelze gvinda Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis axali kla-
sifikacis SemoTavazeba. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, agresiis gavrcelebu-
li klasifikaciis mixedviT agresia SeiZleba iyos: 1) Sidasaxeobrivi; 2)
saxeobaTSorisi da 3) mtacebluri (Fromm 1994). aseve SevniSneT, rom kon-
rad lorencidan moyolebuli mtaceblur agresias ufro kvebiTi qcevis
nawilad Tvlian, vidre agresiuli qcevisa. Sesabamisad, Sidasaxeobrivi
agresia, agresiis yvelaze bunebrivi da gavrcelebuli formaa. swored
mis Cveneul klasifikacias warmogidgenT. Cven SevecadeT Sidasaxeobri-
vi qcevis es klasifikacia relevanturi yofiliyo rogorc adamianebi-
saTvis, ise cxovelebisaTvis.
Cveni azriT, Sidasaxeobrivi mamrTaSorisi agresia SeiZleba iyos
(Chichinadze da T.a. 2009):
1) stresiTa da SiSiT gamowveuli (fear induced) reaqtiuli TavdacviTi
agresia;
2) frustraciiT gamowveuli TavdasxmiTi agresia, romelsac Tan au-
cileblad axlavs risxviTi emociebi, romlis mizani SeiZleba iyos gan-
tvirTva (anu igi SeiZleba ar iyos provocirebuli agresiis obieqtis
mier);
3) instrumentuli xasiaTis TavdasxmiTi agresia. me-2 tipis qcevis
msgavsad isic garkveuli gamowvevis Sedegia, magram masSi ufro metia in-
strumentuli qcevis elementi. sawyisi agzneba SesaZlebelia safrTxiT
(threat) iyo gamowyveuli, magram kognituri funqciebis evoluciis para-
lelurad emociebze meti kontrolis saSualeba Cndeba. swored am tips
unda mivakuTvnoT `civi~, racionaluri, mZafri emociuri gamovlinebe-
bis gareSe mimdinare procesebi;
4) siamovnebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli agresia. am tipis agresiis
Camoyalibeba ZiriTadad, xdeba orive tipis TavdasxmiTi agresiis er-
Tgvari `progresis~ Sedegad.
agresiis heterogenuri xasiaTidan gamomdinare sayovelTaod miRe-
bulia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom agresiuli qcevis sxvadasxva saxeebs sruli-
ad gansxvavebuli neirofiziologiuri da (neiro)endokrinuli meqaniz-
mebi udevs safuZvlad (magaliTisaTvis: Soma da T.a. 2008; Wingfield da T.a.
2006). SeuZlebelia ar daeTanxmo am azrs. agresiuli qcevis heterogeno-
ba marTlac didia. rogorc Cans, swored amis gamo ar moxerxda agresiis
erTiani Teoriis Seqmna.
29
Tumca gvinda SevniSnoT, rom literaturaSi arsad Segvxvedria

mcdeloba gaeanalizebinaT ara agresiis, aramed agresiulobis, rogorc
agresiisagan garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli movlenis meqanizmebi. arada
organizmTa agresiulobis (maRal agresiulobis) fenomeni bevrad ufro
homogenuria, vidre agresiis, rogorc aseTis. Sesabamisad, agresiulo-
bis meqanizmebSi ukve SeiZleba SezRuduli raodenobis (an Tundac erTi)
`Rerovani~ meqanizmis gamoyofa. Cven vTvliT, rom kiTxvasTan erTad –
rogoria ama Tu im tipis agresiuli qcevis meqanizmebi, aucilebelia dav-
svaT meore kiTxvac – ratom aris esa Tu is organizmi agresiuli? maSasa-
dame, Cveni Zieba mxolod agresiis (rogorc qceviTi aqtis) ganmapirobe-
beli meqanizmis Ziebas ki ar warmoadgens, aramed agresiulobis (rogorc
permanentuli movlenis) ganmapirobebeli meqanizmebis Ziebacaa.
agresiis gamomwvev signalTa buneba (qimiuri, audio, vizualuri da
sxva) seriozulad gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva saxeobis organizmebSi. xSirad
es sxvaoba SeimCneva erTi saxeobis farglebSic ki. gansxvavebulia moti-
vaciac da agresiuli aqtis struqturac. sxvadasxvaa agresiis procesSi
CarTuli hormonebi da neiroendokrinuli meqanizmebic. maSin, ra aerTi-
anebs agresiis amden saxes erT fenomenad? mxolod zianis miyenebis faq-
ti an ganzraxva?
vfiqrobT, rom arsebobs raRac saerTo meqanizmi sxvadasxva tipis
agresiebs Soris (albaT, mtacebluri agresiis garda). saubaria yvela im
saxis agresiaze, romelsac Zlieri vegetatiuri da emocuri gamovline-
bebi sdevs Tan. motoruli da vegetatiuri maT msgavsi aqvT, magram aris
Tu ara sxvaoba maT centralur meqanizmebsa da gamomwvev hormonul da
neiromediatorul determinantebs Soris? rasakvirvelia, agresiis esa
Tu is saxe sxvadasxva qimiuri determinantebiT regulirdeba. ufro me-
tic, cnobilia, rom erTi da igive saxis agresia, wlis sxvadasxva sezon-
Si SeiZleba sxvadasxva hormonebiT regulirdebodes (Soma da T.a. 2008),
magram Cven vfiqrobT, rom iseTi gansxvavebuli agresiis saxeebSi, rogo-
ric aris TavdacviTi da TavdasxmiTi agresia aris raRac, rac aerTianebs
maT, amsgavsebs maTi regulacis centralur meqanizmebs. es swored is me-
qanizmia, romelic gansazRvravs organizmTa agresiulobas (momatebul
agresiulobas), miuxedavad imisa, gvaqvs saubari TavdacviT Tu Tavdas-
xmiT agresiulobaze.
aseve vfiqrobT, rom dominirebisas instrumentuli agresiis gaCenis
fenomeni meoradia. populaciur ierarqiaSi dominantebad SemTxveviTi
individebi iSviaTad xdebian. yvela sxva pirobis Tanabrobis SemTxveva-
Si, dominantad gaxdomis Sansi ufro meti aqvT im individebs, romlebsac
gaaCniaT xasiaTis garkveuli Tvisebebi (xSirad, genetikurad ganpirobe-
buli) – maRali agresiuloba. dominantad gaxdomamde mocemuli indivi-
30
di monawileobs bevr SetakebaSi da xSirad xasiaTdeba mZafri emociuri

agresiiT. mxolod mas Semdeg rac dominanti gaxdeba, Tavisi statusidan
gamomdinare, ukve aqvs SesaZlebloba yovelgvari emociuri daZabulo-
bis gareSe ganaxorcielos Tavdasxma sxva individebze. mkvlevarma es Se-
iZleba instrumentul agresiad CaTvalos. SeiZleba daveTanxmoT kidec,
magram es sakiTxis gamartivebaa. gana instrumentulma agresiam gaxada
igi dominantad? erT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc organizmma maRal ierarqi-
ul safexurebs miaRwia, misi maRali agresiulobaa. maSasadame, SesaZloa
individis agresiuloba pirveladia da agresiis gamovlenis konkretuli
formebi (impulsuri Tu instrumentuli) ki meoradi.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, literaturaSi miRebuli klasifikaciebis
mixedviT agresia SeiZleba iyos emociuri da instrumentuli, magram emo-
ciuri komponenti monawileobs orive tipis agresiis Camoyalibebasa da
gaSvebaSi. Tumca, misi monawileoba sxvadasxva xarisxisaa da amasTan, Cve-
ni azriT, es sxvadasxva emociebia. agresia SeiZleba warmoadgendes civad
gaTvlil, ganzrax qmedebas, magram igi SeiZleba iyos emociuri afeTqe-
bis Sedegic. gasagebia, rom am or gansxvavebul mdgomareobas ar SeiZleba
hqondes identuri emociuri safuZveli. Cven oTxi tipis agresia gamov-
yaviT. pirveli sami tipi aSkarad emociur agresias warmoadgens, xolo
meoTxe ki instrumentuli tipisaa. amitom pirvel sam tips emociuri ag-
resiis saxelwodebis qveS ganvixilavT.
***
emociur doneze (emociuri) agresia asocirebulia – mrisxanebasa da
mZvinvarebasTan, xolo damorCilebuli (submisiuri) qceva ki – SiSTan da
SfoTvasTan. agresiul cxovelebze stresorebis moqmedeba iwvevs SiSi-
ganrisxebis, xolo damorCilebulebze ki – SiSi-SfoTvis ganviTarebas
(rogorc cnobilia, SiSi sxvadasxva subieqtebSi iwvevs, rogorc sTeniu-
ri, ise asTeniuri reaqciebis gaSvebas (Щербатых 1999b)).
zogierTi mkvlevari ganasxvavebs heteroagresias (sxvebze, gareT mi-
marTul) da autoagresias (mimarTuls sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg). Ro-
gorc cnobilia, adamianebSi pirdapiri heteroagresiis gamovlinebebs
miekuTvneba – mkvleloba, gaupatiureba, sxeulisaTvis ganzrax zianis
miyeneba da sxva saxis danaSauli. arapirdapiri heteroagresiaa – muqara,
mkvlelobis imitacia, Seuracxyofa, aranormatiuli leqsika. zogierTi
avtoris azriT, arapirdapiri autoagresiis gamovlinebas warmoadgenen
fsiqosomaturi da adaptaciis daavadebebi, vegetatiuri inervaciisa da
gluvkunTovani muskulaturis mqone Sinagan organoTa araspecifikuri
daavadebebi (Левина 1999). pirdapiri autoagresiis ukiduresi gamovline-
baa TviTmkvleloba.
31
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, agresiis SeswavlaSi garkveuli mniS-

vneloba eniWeba suicidaluri qcevis Seswavlas. ufro metic, fsiqikuri
daavadebebis dros agresiis Seswavla, mniSvnelovanwilad swored suici-
dis kuTxiT xdeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom autoagresia – SigniT, sakuTari organizmisa-
ken mimarTul agresias warmoadgens, igi mainc calke unda iqnas ganxilu-
li. vfiqrobT, rom hetero- da autoagresiis ori movlenis erTmaneTSi
erTgvari àRreva~, meTodologiurad arasworia. rogorc Cans, auto-
agresias heteroagresiisagan gansxvavebuli meqanizmebi udevs safuZ-
vlad. Tanac, heteroagresiisagan gansxvavebiT autoagresia cxovelTa
samyaroSi uiSviaTesi movlenaa. misi ukiduresi formebi ki kidev ufro
iSviaTad gxvdeba. es TiTqosda umniSvnelo detali ar unda daiviwyon im
avtorebma, romlebic cdiloben hetero- da autoagresiis (gansakuTre-
biT pirdapiri autoagresia) erTi cnebis farglebSi ganxilvas. mocemul
monografiaSi Cven, swored heteroagresias vixilavT da terminSi àgre-
sia~, mxolod da mxolod heteroagresias vgulisxmobT.
32
Tavi 3
agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebsa da cxovelebSi
agresiis ganmartebis Semdeg im obieqtur kriteriumebzea saWiro

saubari, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba agresiulobis xarisxis Sefaseba
(kvlevis instrumentuli meTodebis epoqaSi, prioriteti rasakvirvelia
qcevis raodenobriv Sefasebas ekuTvnis). bunebrivia, rom aseTi krite-
riumebi mravalgvaria – sakmaod gansxvavebul, sxvadasxva saxeobis or-
ganizmebSi. adamianis SemTxvevaSi am kriteriumebs, rigi sxva, maT Soris
verbaluri da e.w. iribi agresiis kriteriumebic emateba, rac adamianSi
ganviTarebuli azrovnebis, qcevisa da metyvelebis arsebobiT aris ga-
mowveuli.
nebismieri kvleva Cvens TanamedroveobaSi, imis SefasebiT iwyeba xom
ar daarRvevs igi eTikis normebs. es gansakuTrebiT, adamianze Catarebul
kvlevebs exeba, Tumca didi yuradReba cxovelebze Catarebuli kvleve-
bis eTikurobasac exeba. am sakiTxebs Cven monografiaSi ar ganvixilavT.
dainteresebul mkiTxvels SegviZlia mivuTiToT, CvenTvis xelmisawvdo-
mi j. gudvinis (Goodwin, 2007) sakmaod saintereso da Tanamedrove wigni
(Tumca, kvlevis eTikur sakiTxebze marTlac, rom uricxvi literaturaa
dawerili), sadac am sakiTxis (fsiqologiuri kvlevebis eTikaze) istori-
asa da dRevandelobaze aris moTxrobili.
3.1. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebSi
adamianis agresiulobis Sefasebis mravali sxvadasxva meTodi arse-

bobs. pirobiTad isini SeiZleba davyoT or nawilad: eqsperimentul da
araeqsperimentul meTodebad (Baron & Richardson 2004). Tumca, Cven ufro
sxvagvari klasifikacia migvaCnia gamarTlebulad. aRniSnuli meTodi-
kebi umjobesia davyoT: gamokiTxvaze, dakvirvebaze da eqsperimentze
dafuZnebul meTodikebad. midgomaTa aseTi mravalferovneba sxvadasxa
mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli. maT Soris imiTac, rom agresiuli qceva orga-
nizmisTvis damazianebel qcevas warmoadgens, amitom zogjer am qcevis
33
Seswavla eqsperimentatorisTvis SeiZleba seriozuli safrTxis Semcve-

lic ki iyos. Sesabamisad, mkvlevarebi cdiloben gverdi auaron aseT saf-
rTxeebs, rasac mivyavarT kvlevis meTodebis heterogenulobamde.
agresiuli qceva fasdeba misi Semadgeneli komponentebis: verbalu-
ri, fizikuri, arapirdapiri agresiis Sefasebis gziT.
gamokiTxvaze dafuZnebuli meTodikebi moicaven: sxvadasxva anke-
tebsa da TviTSefasebis kiTxvarebs (basisa da darkis mtrulobis dadge-
nis kiTxvari (BDHI), gamovlenili mtrulobis skala (Sedgenili MMPI-dan
SerCeuli kiTxvebis mixedviT – avtori s.m. siegeli (S.M. Siegel)) da mrava-
li sxva), proeqciul meTodikebs (maTematikuri apercepciis testi (TAT),
rorSaxis `melnis laqis~ testi, frustraciis Seswavlis rozencvaigis
naxati testi (P-F Study) da sxva), aseve kiTxvarebs, romelTa saSualebiT
sxva pirebi (ZiriTadad, mSoblebi) afaseben subieqtis (ZiriTadad, bav-
Svebis) qcevas. amave jgufs miekuTvneba saarqivo da statistikuri kvle-
vebic. isinic, xom sxvadasxva sajaro informaciis wyaroebis erTgvar `ga-
mokiTxvas~ (Tumca, zogjer droSi wanacvlebuls) warmoadgenen mkvle-
varTaTvis saintereso Temebze.
marTalia, aRniSnuli anketebi da TviTSefasebis kiTxvarebi gamo-
kiTxvis meTodebs miekuTvneba, magram maTSi mainc, Tumca mxolod gar-
kveulwilad, maskirebulia mkvlevaris mTavari amocana – respondentis
agresiis donis dadgena. Tumca, odnav dakvirvebuli respondenti Seam-
Cnevs, Tu ris `gagebas~ cdilobs misgan mkvlevari. is, rom respondentma
(cdispirma) ar unda icodes Tu risi dadgena unda mkvlevars, uaRresad
mniSvnelovania agresiis Seswavlis TiTqmis yvela meTodikaSi. adamianebi
xSirad iqcevian ise, rom warsdgnen sxva adamianebis (zogadad, sazogado-
ebis) TvalSi imaze ukeTesad, vidre isini sinamdvileSi arian. xdeba piri-
qiTac, adamiani cdilobs ufro uaresi gamoCndes, vidre is sinamdvileSi
aris. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mecniers unda obieqturad Seafasos esa Tu
is parametri da ar unda cdispiris Tu sxva faqtorebis moqmedebis Sede-
gad monacemTa damaxinjeba. anketirebisa Tu TviTSefasebis kiTxvarebis
Sevsebis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi kargad eqvemdebareba statisti-
kur damuSavebas. es maTi plusia. Tumca, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es me-
Todebi utoveben respondentebs saSualebas garkveulwilad dafaron
Tavisi realuri warmodgenebi da survilebi.
saarqivo/statistikur gamokvlevebs Tu ar CavTvliT, gamokiTxva-
ze dafuZnebuli meTodikebidan gamokvlevis mizani yvelaze kargad aris
maskirebuli proeqciul meTodikebSi. Tumca, Cveni azriT, am gziT miRe-
buli Sedegebis interpretacia sakmaod rTuli saqmea da cudad eqvemde-
bareba statistikur analizs, mocemul testebSi grafikuli da ara cif-
ruli komponentis prevalirebis gamo.
34
Tavi 3. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebsa da cxovelebSi
gamokiTxvaze dafuZnebuli meTodikebis yvelaze cnobil warmomad-

genelze – basisa da darkis kiTxvarze cotaTi qvemoT gveqneba saubari.
dakvirvebaze damyarebuli meTodikebi moicaven savele pirobebSi
adamianebze dakvirvebas. termini `savele~ aRniSnavs obieqtze bunebriv
pirobebSi dakvirvebas anu dakvirvebas maSin, rodesac obieqti sakuTari
saqmianobiT (xSirad yoveldRiuri) aris dakavebuli da arc ki fiqrobs
aranair fsiqologiur kvlevaSi monawileobaze. savele dakvirvebebi, um-
ravles SemTxvevaSi, e.w. naturalistur dakvirvebebs warmoadgenen, ro-
desac damkvirvebeli mxolod Tval-yurs adevnebs da aranairad ar ereva
mimdinare movlenebSi. rac naklebad amCnevs mocemuli individi damkvir-
veblis arsebobas, miT ufro obieqturi da realisturia misi (cdispiris)
qceva. am meTodikebis pluss warmoadgens is, rom adamiani Seiswavleba
bunebriv garemoSi – ase vTqvaT, realuri agresiis gamovlenisas. magram
am agresiam SeiZleba safrTxis winaSe daayenos mkvlevari. garda amisa
xSirad problematuria agresiis gamovlinebaTa zusti dafiqsireba da
Sefaseba. didia mkvlevaris subieqturobis momentic – kerZod, zogjer
gaugebaria SeiZleba Tu ara, mocemul konteqstSi esa Tu is qceva CaiTva-
los agresiulad. amitom am meTodebs SedarebiT iSviaTad iyeneben – Zi-
riTadad, bavSvebis agresiuli qcevis Seswavlisas.
eqsperimentze damyarebuli meTodikebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT.
savele eqsperimentuli meTodikebi moicaven cdispirTa agresis Sefase-
bas savele pirobebSi maTi provocirebis gziT. am SemTxvevaSi cdispireb-
ma ar ician, rom faqtobrivad, fsiqologiur eqsperimentSi monawileo-
ben. laboratoriuli eqsperimentuli meTodikebiT ki xdeba cdispirTa
agresiulobis Sefaseba, rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva instrumentul meTo-
debze dayrdnobiT. yvelaze cnobil aseT meTods warmoadgens arnold
basis àgresiis manqana~, misi mravalricxovani modifikaciebiT (mag. l.
berkovicis modifikacia), teiloris ormxrivi agresiis meTodi da sxva.
yvela zemoTmoyvanili meTodikebisagan gansxvavebiT mocemul labora-
toriul meTodikebSi, cdispirma rasakvirvelia icis, rom monawileobs
fsiqologiur eqsperimentSi, magram mas umalaven am eqsperimentTa WeS-
marit mizans da acnoben mcdar legendas.
savele eqsperimentuli meTodikebis pluss aseve warmoadgens is,
rom adamiani Seiswavleba realuri agresiis gamovlenisas, magram teq-
nikuri siZneleebi agresiis gamovlinebaTa dafiqrisebisas, problemebi
kvlevis eTikur mxaresTan (mag. erT-erT kvlevaSi supermarketSi myof
adamianebs ganzrax ejaxebodnen da Semdeg afiqrisebdnen maT reaqciebs.
Tanac es xorcieldeboda yovelgvari informirebuli Tanxmobis gareSe,
rac mocemuli tipis kvlevebis eTikurobas kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs),
mkvlevarebze Tavdasxmis SesaZleblobebi (beroni da riCardsoni Tavis
35
cnobil wignSi aRweren eqsperimentatorze cdispiris Tavdasxmis erT-

erT SemTxvevas. Cveni mxridan SevniSnavT, rom es adamiani, rasakvirvelia
arainformirebuli cdispiri iyo) ganapirobeben am tipis kvlevebis Seda-
rebiT iSviaTobas. garda amisa, amas emateba savele eqsperimentebisTvis
damaxasaTebeli praqtikulad universaluri minusi – Sesaswavl movle-
naze mkvlevaris interesTa arealis gareT myofi, arakontrolirebadi
faqtorebis moqmedebis acilebis SeuZlebloba. rac mkveTrad arTulebs
sistemaSi arsebuli kanonzomierebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas (Gottsdan-
ker 2005). sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT es faqtorebi ar iZlevian obieqtis
garSemo arsebul parametrTa homogenizaciis SesaZleblobas.
agresiis Semswavlel laboratoriul eqsperimentul meTodebze ki
SevCerdeT ufro detalurad. yvelaze cnobilia basis àgresiis manqana~.
swored man, sul sxva doneze aiyvana agresiis Semswavleli fsiqologia.
es meTodi pirvelad iqna aRwerili arnold basis mier 1961 wels. aRniS-
vnis Rirsia, rom cnobilma amerikelma fsiqologma stenli milgremmac
msgavsi meTodika SeimuSava da misi eqsperimentebi `morCilebis~ Sesaxeb
(es eqsperimenti, albaT msoflioSi yvelaze cnobil fsiqologiur eqspe-
riments warmoadgens) swored am meTodikiT iqna Sesrulebuli. Semdgom-
Si basi da milgremi megobrulad ekamaTebodnen erTmaneTs mocemuli me-
Todis prioritetze (Berkowitz 2002). 1961 wlis Semdeg am meTodis mravali
modifikacia Seiqmna, romlebSic moxda misi susti mxareebis met-nakle-
bad gamosworeba. modifikaciebis avtorebi iyvnen: rogorc Tavad a. basi,
aseve sxva cnobili agresologebi – l. berkovici, r. beroni da sxvani.
basis am eqsperimentebis struqtura Semdegnairia. cdispiri SehyavT
oTaxSi, sadac dgas aRniSnuli `manqana~ (aparati, romelzec rTuli mowy-
obilobis imitaciis Sesaqmnelad mravali mocimcime naTura da Rilakia)
da sadac igi xvdeba meore `cdispirsa~ (sinamdvileSi eqsperimentatoris
TanaSemwes) da eqsperimentators. es ukanaskneli uxsnis maT (sinamdvile-
Si, meore `cdispirma~ rasakvirvelia icis eqsperimentis WeSmariti miznis
Sesaxeb), rom aRniSnuli mowyobilobis saSualebiT xdeba `maswavlebis~
mier `moswavlisTvis~ micemuli garkveuli masalis daswavlis efeqturo-
bis Semowmeba (sxva mkvlevarTa zogierT modifikaciebSi – ama Tu im da-
mazianebel zemoqmedebaze organizmis garkveuli reaqciebis Semowmeba).
`moswavlis~ mier Secdomis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, Rilakze daWeris gziT,
eleqtroSokiT (mogvianebiT modifikaciebSi – Semawuxebeli xmauriT Tu
sxva faqtorebiT) misi dasjaa saWiro. eleqtroSokis intensivobas (sau-
baria `gamoyenebuli~ eleqtroSokis voltaJze. sxva modifikaciebSi fi-
gurirebs – Rilakze daWeris xangrZlivoba da/an daWeris sixSire) aregu-
lirebs Tavad `maswavlebeli~ (àgresiis manqanaze~ sxvadasxva voltaJis
denis `magenerirebeli~ ramodenime Rilakia ganlagebuli). am axsna-gan-
36
martebis Semdgom, eqsperimentatori viTomda SemTxveviT cdispirebs

yofs `maswavleblad~ da `moswavled~. `moswavled~, rasakvirvelia eqspe-
rimentatoris TanaSemwe aRmoCndeba, xolo `maswavleblad~ ki cdispiri.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom araviTar eleqtroSoks `moswavle~ sinamdvileSi ar
iRebs. yvelaferi imitaciaa (romlis Sesaxeb mxolod cdispirma ar icis),
magram ganzraxvis seriozulobisa da eleqtroSokis mtkivneulobis de-
monstrirebis mizniT, eqsperimentis dawyebamde `maswavlebels~ Tavad
artyamen dabali voltaJis dens.
cdispiris agresiulobis xarisxi mis mier gamoyenebuli eleqtroSo-
kis intensivobis, sixSirisa da xangrZlivobis mixedviT dgindeba. swored
basis àgresiis manqanis~ Seqmnis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli instrumentu-
li meTodebiT agresiis Sefaseba da statistikurad advilad dasamuSave-
beli masalis miReba.
zogierT gamokvlevaSi basis àgresiis manqanis~ saSualebiT miRe-
buli monacemebi ar korelirebda TviTSefasebis kiTxvarebiT miRebul
monacemebTan, zog SemTxvevaSi korelacia uaryofiTic ki iyo. ufro me-
tic, literaturaSi arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom am meTodiT
agresiis Sefasebisas, cixeSi myof damnaSaveebs agresiis ufro dabali
maCveneblebi aRmoaCndaT, vidre studentebs (cit. Baron & Richardsnon 2004
mixedviT). aRniSnul fenomens, nawilobriv mainc, kargad xsnis is faqti,
rom eleqtroSokuri Tu mZlavri bgeriTi gamRizianebliT `moswavlis~
dasja davalebis araswori Sesrulebisas, cdispirTa mier zogjer SeiZ-
leba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc `moswavlisTvis~ daswavlis procesSi xe-
lis Semwyobi meTodika. Semdgomma kvlevebma, marTlac daadastures ase-
Ti fsiqologiuri efeqtis arseboba. maSasadame, cdispirTa agresiuli
qceva SesaZlebelia ar iyos gamowveuli mxolod agresiuli motivebiT
da Sesabamisad, zemoT moyvanili Seusabamobebic (zogierTi mkvlevaris
mier miRebuli, damnaSaveebTan SedarebiT studentebis ufro maRali ag-
resiuloba) SesaZlebelia ase iqnas axsnili. am fsiqologiuri efeqtis
mosaxsnelad sxvadasxva mkvlevarma gansxvavebuli meTodebi gamoiyenes.
Cveni azriT, yvelaze ufro efeqturia meTodika, rodesac eqsperimenta-
tori ar emyareba `maswavlebeli~/~moswavlis~ paradigmas da cdispirs
eleqtroSokis gamoyenebis saWiroobas, adamianis fiziologiuri reaq-
ciebis Seswavlis mizniT uxsnis. am SemTxvevaSi cdispirebs exsnebaT au-
cilebloba eleqtromtkivneuli zemoqmedeba gamoiyenon masalis ukeTe-
si daswavlis motiviT (Berkowitz 2002) da maTi qmedebebi ufro metad aris
ganpirobebuli maTive agresiuli impulsebiT.
kritikulad ganwyobili fsiqologebi xSirad eWvis qveS ayeneben im
Tezissac, rom eqsperimentuli laboratoriuli meTodebiT miRebuli
agresia pirovnebis realuri agresiulobis asaxvas warmoadgens. amitom,
37
ama Tu im meTodis validoba da reprezentatiuloba araerTxel damdga-

ra mkvlevarTa ganxilvis sagani. agresiis Semswavleli yvelaze cnobili
fsiqologebi (a. basi, r. beroni, l. berkovici da sxva) Tvlian, rom la-
boratoriuli eqsperimentebis Sedegebi, maTi kvalificiurad Catarebis
SemTxvevaSi sakmaod obieqturad asaxaven adamianis realur agresiulo-
bas. am sakiTxebiT dainteresebul mkiTxvels SegviZlia mivuTiToT le-
onard berkovicis cnobil wignze – àgresia. mizezebi, Sedegebi da kon-
troli~ (Berkowitz 2002).
mocemul problemasTan axlos mdgomi, magram mainc gansxvavebuli
sakiTxia is, Tu ramdenad gansxvavdeba agresiis Sefasebis sxvadasxva me-
TodebiT miRebuli monacemebi erTmaneTisagan. l. berkovicma gaaanali-
za sxvadasxva mecnierTa kvlevebSi moyvanili gansxvavebuli laborato-
riuli meTodebiT miRebuli rezultatebi (mag. hgavda Tu ara dasjis in-
tensivobiT Sefasebuli agresiuloba erT meTodikaSi, dasjaTa ricxviT
Sefasebuls meoreSi da dasjis xangrZlivobiT Sefasebuls mesameSi) da
mivida daskvnamde, rom yvela laboratoriul meTods aerTianebda erTi
ram – yvela maTganSi cdispirebi ganzrax ayenebdnen (ufro sworad, dar-
wmunebulebi iyvnen, rom ganzrax ayenebdnen) tkivils sxva adamians. am
TvalsazrisiT, mocemuli parametrebi (dasjaTa, raodenoba, intensivo-
ba, xangrZlivoba) agresiis met-naklebad obieqturi maCveneblebi arian
da Sesabamisad yvela aprobirebuli meTodi met-naklebad msgavs rezul-
tats iZleva (Berkowitz 2002). es sakiTxi iqna ganxiluli beronisa da riCar-
dsonis wignSic (Baron & Richardson 2004). aq avtorebi kiTxvas, Tu romeli
meTodiT jobia kvlevis Catareba pasuxoben Semdegnairad. maTi azriT
meTodis arCeva konkretuli situaciidan unda gamomdinareobdes. miu-
xedavad imisa, rom isini prioritets aniWeben laboratoriul meTodebs,
mainc aRniSnaven, rom aris mdgomareobebi da agresiis saxeebic ki, ro-
melTa Seswavla am meTodebiT SeuZlebelia (mag. bavSvebTan cudad mopy-
robis an kriminaluri agresiis). Tanac, avtorTa azriT, arc erT meTods
ar ZaluZs mTlianad moicvas agresiis fenomeni da amitom, isini rekomen-
dacias iZlevian SeZlebisdagvarad gamoviyenoT mravali meTodi.
mocemuli problema gaanalizebuli iqna kanadel mkvlevarTa mierac.
ufro zustad, maTi kvlevis mizans sisxlSi testosteronis koncentra-
ciasa da agresiis dones Soris korelaciis meta-analiziT Sefaseba war-
moadgenda. aRmoCnda, rom am dros ar hqonda mniSvneloba agresiis Sefa-
sebis meTodikis konkretul saxes (iqneboda es sxvadasxva kiTxvarebi Tu
qceviTi testebi), radganac yvela maTgani agresiasa da testosteronis
doneebs Soris korelaciis daaxloebiT erTsa da imave koeficients iZ-
leoda (Book da T.a. 2001). es kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom agresi-
is Sefasebis yvela cnobili meTodika met-naklebad obieqturad (xazs
38
gavusvamdiT – met-naklebad) afasebs agresiis xarisxs da amitom, yvela

maTgani met-naklebad gamosadegia.
rogorc vnaxeT, yvela CamoTvlil meTods aqvs Tavisi plusi da minu-
si. amitom, agresiis Seswavlis dawyebisas unda SegverCia is meTodi(ebi),
romelsac Cven daveyrdnobodiT. Cveni arCevani mosaxleobis im jgufma
ganapiroba, romlis Seswavlis gadawyvetilebac miviReT. kerZod, spe-
cifikur pirobebSi myofi specifikuri kontingenti (cixeSi myofi dam-
naSaveebi) SevarCieT, rac ukve gamoricxavda nebismieri eqsperimentuli
meTodikis gamoyenebas da amitom basisa da darkis kiTxvarze (Buss-Durkee
Hostility Inventory (BDHI)) SevCerdiT. igi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, TviT-
Sefasebis kiTxvarebidan yvelaze popularulia da farTod gamoiyeneba
agresologiur kvlevebSi (Baron & Richardson, 2004). qarTuli populaciis
Sesaswavlad, mocemuli kiTxvari 1990-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos mecniere-
baTa akademiis d. uznaZis saxelobis fsiqologiis institutSi iqna adap-
tirebuli. cnobilia, rom Cveulebrivi adamianis qceva ar gamoirCeva
agresiulobiT (Burn 1996), da es kanonzomiereba mosaxleobis SedarebiT
maRalagresiul jgufsac – mozardebsac ki Seexeba (Гущин 2001), amitom,
yvelaze ufro logikuri iqneboda agresiuli qcevis meqanizmebis kvleva
im adamianebSi, romlebic gamoirCevian momatebuli agresiulobiT. sau-
keTeso kandidatebad am rolze ki sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Camde-
ni pirebi miviCnieT. sxva TvalsazrisiTac mniSvnelovani iyo adamianTa
am kategoriis gamokvleva. am SemTxvevaSi, Cven gveZleoda saSualeba Seg-
vedarebina basisa da darkis kiTxvariT miRebuli monacemebi, maT mier
Cadenili danaSaulis simZimesTan (anu maTi qcevis agresiulobis xaris-
xTan) da amiT erTgvarad Segvefasebina testebis sizuste.
basisa da darkis kiTxvari Sedgeba 75 kiTxvisagan, romlis saSualebi-
Tac SesaZlebelia iseTi parametrebis sididis dadgena rogorebicaa: fi-
zikuri agresia, iribi agresia, gaRizianebadoba, negativizmi, wyena, eWvi,
verbaluri agresia da danaSaulis SegrZneba. respondentebs kiTxvebze
SeuZliaT upasuxon mxolod ki an ara.
ai Tavad kiTxvari:
1. zogjer me ver vumklavdebi survils, ziani mivayeno sxvas.
2. xandaxan me vWoraob xolme xalxze, romlebic ar miyvars.
3. me advilad vRiziandebi, magram maleve vmSviddebi.
4. Tu ar mTxoves CemTvis misaRebi formiT, am Txovnas ar vasruleb.
5. xSirad ver viReb adamianebisagan, rasac sinamdvileSi vimsaxureb.
6. vici, rom zurgs ukan Cemze laparakoben.
7. roca ar momwons vinmes saqcieli me maT amas vagrZnobinen.
8. roca vinmes vatyueb, sakmaod xSirad sindisis qenjna mtanjavs.
9. mgonia, rom adamians fizikur Seuracxyofas ver mivayeneb.
39
10. me ar vRiziandebi ise Zalian, rom daviwyo nivTebis msxvreva.

11. vTvli, rom sxvebis naklovanebebis mimarT mimtevebeli var.
12. roca dadgenili normebi CemTvis miuRebelia, miCndeba maTi darRve-
vis survili.
13. adamianebs, rogorc wesi, xelsayreli garemoebebis Tavis sasargeb-
lod gamoyenebis unari aqvT.
14. me sifrTxiles viCen im adamianebTan urTierTobaSi, romlebic mepy-
robian ufro megobrulad vidre movelodi.
15. rodesac ar veTanxmebi adamianebis azrs, aqtiurad gamovxatav Cems
pozicias.
16. me zogjer iseTi azrebi momdis, romlebic CemSi sircxvilis grZnobas
iwveven.
17. Tu vinme gamartyams, me pasuxs ar davubruneb.
18. rodesac gaRizianebuli var, oTaxidan gamosvlisas SemiZlia karebis
gamojaxuneba.
19. me gacilebiT advilad vRiziandebi, vidre sxvebs hgoniaT.
20. rodesac viRaca ufrosobs, me yovelTvis jibrSi vudgebi.
21. me bed-iRblis ukmayofilo var.
22. me vfiqrob, rom bevrs ar vuyvarvar.
23. me ar SemiZlia Tavi Sevikavo kamaTisagan, rodesac ar meTanxmebian.
24. Cemi azriT, adamianebi, romlebic Tavs arideben maTze dakisrebul
movaleobebs, unda ganicdidnen danaSaulis grZnobas.
25. SemiZlia fizikurad gavusworde maT, vinc Seuracxmyofs me an Cemi
ojaxis wevrebs.
26. me ar SemiZlia uxeSi xumroba.
27. me vbrazdebi rodesac damcinian.
28. me yovelTvis vupirispirdebi im adamianebs, romlebic cdiloben uf-
rosobas.
29. TiTqmis yovel kvira mixdeba imis naxva, visac ver vitan.
30. sakmaod bevrs Surs Cemi.
31. me moviTxov, adamianebma pativi scen Cems uflebebs.
32. me vwuxvar, imis gamo, rom cotas vakeTeb Cemi mSoblebisaTvis.
33. SemiZlia `cxvirpiri davunayo~ adamians, romelic gamudmebiT miSlis
nervebs.
34. sakmaod xSirad gabrazebis gamo `viboRmebi~.
35. rodesac meqcevian ufro cudad, vidre vimsaxureb, me ar vnawyendebi.
36. roca vinme cdilobs wonasworobidan gamomiyvanos, me mas yuradRebas
ar vaqcev.
37. me ar vimCnev, magram xandaxan Suri maxrCobs.
38. zogjer mgonia, rom damcinian.
40
39. maSinac ki, rodesac vbrazdebi, ar viyeneb uxeS gamonaTqvamebs.

40. me msurs, rom codvebi mometevos.
41. me iSviaTad vubruneb `xurdas~, maSinac ki, Tu vinme fizikur Seuracx-
yofas momayenebs.
42. rodesac raime Cemeburad ar gamodis, zogjer vnawyendebi.
43. zogjer adamianebi TavianTi arsebobiTac ki maRizianeben.
44. ar arsebobs iseTi adamiani, romelic me namdvilad mZuls.
45. Cemi principia – àrasodes endo ucxo adamians~.
46. Tu vinme maRizianebs, me mzad var vuTxra mas yvelaferi, rasac masze
vfiqrob.
47. me bevr iseT rames vakeTeb, rasac Semdeg vnanob.
48. me Tu gavbrazdi, SemiZlia vinmes xeli gavartya.
49. aTi wlis asakidan me arasodes gamomivlenia risxva.
50. me xSirad migvrZnia, rom vgavar denTis kasrs, romelic mzadaa afeT-
qdes.
51. yvelam, rom icodes ras vgrZnob, CamTvlidnen adamianad, romelTanac
Znelia urTierTobis damyareba.
52. me yovelTvis vfiqrob imaze, Tu ra faruli miznebi aiZulebs adamians
gaakeTon raime sasiamovno CemTvis.
53. rodesac miyvirian, mec vyvirivar sapasuxod.
54. me Cemi warumatebloba guls mtkens.
55. me sxvebze ufro xSirad vCxubob.
56. me SemiZlia gavixseno SemTxveva, rodesac viyavi imdenad gabrazebu-
li, rom xelSi moxvedril yvela nivTs vamsxvrevdi.
57. zogjer vfiqrob, rom mzad var pirvelma daviwyo Cxubi.
58. zogjer me vgrZob, rom cxovreba usamarTlod meqceva.
59. adre megona, rom adamianTa umravlesoba simarTles ambobs, magram me
maTi aRar mjera.
60. me vilanZRebi mxolod maSin, roca vbrazob.
61. rodesac viqcevi arasworad, sindisi mawuxebs.
62. roca Cemi uflebebis dasacavad saWiroa fizikuri Zalis gamoyeneba,
amas uyoymanod vakeTeb.
63. xandaxan Cems risxvas magidaze muStebis braxuniT gamovxatav.
64. me uxeSi var xolme im adamianebTan damokidebulebaSi, vinc ar momwons.
65. vTvli, rom ar myavs iseTi mtrebi, romlebsac CemTvis zianis moyeneba
SeuZliaT.
66. ar SemiZlia davayeno adamiani Tavis adgilas maSinac ki, roca is amas
imsaxurebs.
67. xSirad vfiqrob, rom arasworad vcxovrobdi.
68. me vicnob adamianebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT mimiyvanon im donemde, rom
viCxubo.
41
69. me ar vwuxvar wvrilmanebis gamo.

70. me iSviaTad vfiqrob, rom adamianebi cdiloben gamabrazon an Seu-
racxmyon.
71. xSirad vemuqrebi adamianebs, Tumca muqaris sisruleSi moyvanas ar
vapireb.
72. vfiqrob, rom gavxdi uJmuri.
73. kamaTisas xSirad vuwev xmas.
74. vcdilob, davfaro cudi damokidebuleba sxvebisadmi.
75. mirCevnia daveTanxmo vinmes, vidre vekamaTo.
dakvirvebebsa da gamokvlevebs vatarebdiT 70 damnaSaveze, romlebic
ixdidnen sasjels. aqedan 45 maTgans hqonda Cadenili agresiuli xasia-
Tis danaSauli (eqsperimentuli jgufi, saSualo asaki 30,66±1,07 w.), xolo
25-s ki araagresiuli xasiaTis danaSauli (sakontrolo jgufi, saSualo
asaki 31,24±1,84 w.). volavkas mixedviT (Volavka 1999) agresiul danaSauls
miekuTvneba mkvleloba (murder), Zarcva (robbery), Tavdasxma (assault) da gau-
patiureba (rape). msgavsi sia mohyavT sxva avtorebsac. magaliTad, bermani
da kokaro Zaladobriv danaSaulad ganixilaven adamianis mkvlelobas,
gaupatiurebas, Tavdasxmas (Berman & Coccaro 1998), xolo rusi avtorebi
ukiduresad agresiul danaSauls miakuTvneben: mkvlelobas, gaupatiu-
rebas, banditizms (Горинов, Пережогин 2001).
swored aseTi xasiaTis danaSaulis (gaupatiurebis garda) mravaljer
Camdeni adamianebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli Cven mier Sedgenili eqsperi-
mentuli jgufi. gaupatiurebasTan dakavSirebuli gamonaklisi imitom
gakeTda, rom Cveni kvlevis erT-erT mizans warmoadgenda sisxlSi tes-
tosteronis koncentraciasa da agresiis dones Soris korelaciis dad-
gena (amaze Semdgom TavebSi gveqneba saubari), xolo sasqeso danaSaulis
Camden damnaSaveebs androgenTa koncentracia SesaZlebelia gansxvave-
buli aqvT. saqme is aris, rom seqsualuri moZaladeebis mier danaSaulis
Cadenis procesSi erT-erT motivaciur komponentad gaZlierebuli li-
bido saxeldeba. es ukanaskneli ki SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos maT or-
ganizmSi mamakacis sasqeso hormonis maRali doniT.
orive jgufSi Semaval adamianTa asaki meryeobda 16-46 wels Soris da
maT saSualo asaks Soris sarwmuno sxvaobas ar hqonda adgili. sxvaoba
arc cixeSi gatarebuli saerTo drois mixedviT SeimCneoda (Cven speci-
alurad SevarCieT pirebi, romlebic daaxloebiT Tanabari dro imyofe-
bodnen cixeSi. aseTi SerCevis gakeTeba aucilebeli iyo, radganac mZime,
agresiuli danaSaulis Camdenebs bunebrivia, rom ufro meti hqondaT
misjili, SedarebiT msubuqi, naklebad agresiul danaSaulis Camdeneb-
Tan SedarebiT).
42
aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi mniSvnelovani detali. igi exeba, rogorc

am TavSi, ise sxva TavebSi moyvanil masalis interpretacias. ramdenad ga-
marTlebuli iyo sakontrolo jgufis `dakompleqteba~ damnaSaveebiT
(Tundac SedarebiT msubuqi danaSaulis Camdeni) da ara `normaluri~ ada-
mianebiT? sakontrolo jgufis arsebobis arsi, xom swored imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom sakvlevi SerCeviToba Sedardes `normalurs~, magram Cven
gvqonda seriozuli mizezi, ris gamoc iZulebuli viyaviT ase movqceu-
liyaviT. saqme isaa, rom gamosasworebeli dawesebulebis gareT mcxov-
reb adamianebze ar moqmedebs is mZlavri emociuri stresi da mTeli rigi,
cixisTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri faqtorebisa (mag. cixeSi arse-
bobisTvis aucilebeli agresiuli qcevis stili), romlebic TavisTavad
SeiZleba warmoadgendnen agresiuli qcevis induqtorebs. amitom, gare-
mo faqtorebis homogenizaciis moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare, Cven er-
TmaneTs vadarebdiT mxolod im jgufebs, romlebic imyofebodnen met-
naklebad erTnair pirobebSi.
miRebuli Sedegebis analizisas, CvenTvis saintereso iyo imis Semowme-
ba Tu ramdenad SeiZleboda mZime, agresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirTaT-
vis gvewodebina – agresiuli damnaSaveebi, xolo SedarebiT msubuqi, ara-
agresiuli danaSaulis CamdenebisaTvis ki – araagresiuli damnaSaveebi.
damnaSaveTa Seswavlam basisa da darkis meTodikis saSualebiT sain-
tereso Sedegebi mogvca. zemoaRniSnul jgufebs Soris nanaxi iqna sar-
wmuno gansxvaveba umravlesoba parametrebis mixedviT (cxrili 3.1.1).
cxrili 3.1.1
basisa da darkis meTodiT Sefasebuli agresiuli da
araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirTa maxasiaTeblebi
agresiuli danaSaulis araagresiuli danaSaulis

Camdeni pirebi Camdeni pirebi
fizikuri agresia 4,42±0,32** 2,84±0,3859
iribi agresia 3,68±0,27* 2,84±0,3092
gaRizianeba 4,84±0,34 3,84±0,4347
negativizmi 2,53±0,19*** 1,4±0,2517
wyena 5,53±0,22* 4,64±0,2821
eWvi 4,91±0,29 4,24±0,452
verbaluri agresia 5,93±0,31** 4,04±0,4915
danaSaulis SegrZneba 6,22±0,25** 7,36±0,2227
* gansxvaveba sarwmunoa (p<0,05);

** gansxvaveba sarwmunoa (p<0,01);
*** gansxvaveba sarwmunoa (p<0,001)
43
rogorc mocemuli cxrilidan Cans fizikuri, iribi, verbaluri agre-

siis, negativizmisa da wyenis parametrebi mZime danaSaulis Camden damna-
Saveebs ufro maRali hqondaT, xolo danaSaulis SegrZneba ki dabali. ga-
Rizianebisa da eWvis mixedviT sxvaoba arasarwmuno iyo. maSasadame, hete-
rogenuli agresiis parametrebis mixedviT (fizikuri, iribi, verbaluri
agresia) mZime, ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli agresiuli danaSaulis Cam-
deni pirebi, testebis mixedviTac, ufro agresiulni aRmoCndnen (gamom-
dinare aqedan, vTvliT, rom samarTliania am ukanasknelebs – agresiuli
damnaSaveebi vuwodoT). amasTan, danaSaulis SegrZneba maT sagrZnoblad
dabali hqondaT vidre araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden patimrebs.
mocemuli monacemebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saR azrs. rogorc Cans, mZime
danaSaulis Camden pirTa umravlesoba (miTumetes, rom maTTvis es dana-
Sauli erTaderTi ar yofila) patimrobaSic inarCunebs Tavis qaraqte-
rologiur Taviseburebebs.
Tumca, masalis analizma erTi saintereso detali gamoaaSkarava. saq-
me isaa, rom Cven mier miRebul damnaSaveTa agresiulobis parametrTa na-
wilis sidide, ufro naklebia vidre analogiur gamokvlevebSi, romle-
bic populaciis àrakriminalur~ arCeviTobaze iqna Catarebuli (aru-
Tunovi da T.a. 1999). im statiaSi miRebuli masala statistikurad damu-
Savebuli saxiT ar iqna moyvanili (iq mxolod aRniSnuli iyo, rom masala
statistikurad damuSavda), Znelia visaubroT Tu ramdenad sarwmunoa es
sxvaoba an sarwmunoa ki saerTod? nebismier SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris sar-
wmuno gansxvavebis ararsebobac, sakmaod moulodneli movlenaa. aseTi
paradoqsuli rezultati, rogorc Cans metyvelebs Semdeg momentebze:
jer erTi, adamianebisaTvis, romelTa umravlesobam sicocxlis mniSvne-
lovani nawili kriminaluri cxovrebiT icxovra da romelTac sakmao xani
aqvT gatarebuli danaSaulis moxdis adgilebSi, garkveuli tipis kiTx-
vebis dasma (mag. №16 – me zogjer iseTi azrebi momdis, romlebic CemSi
sircxvilis grZnobas iwveven an №17 – Tu vinme gamartyams, me pasuxs ar
davubruneb an №57 – zogjer vfiqrob, rom mzada var pirvelma daviwyo
Cxubi) sasacilod JRers. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia, maTi mxridan adgi-
li hqonda garkveulwilad ironiul midgomas sakiTxisadmi, ramac sabo-
loo jamSi mogvca arsebuli gansxvaveba. meorec, yvela cdispiri testi-
rebis momentisaTvis imyofeboda danaSaulis moxdis adgilas. cnobilia,
rom am dros maT nawils mainc, uZlierdeba danaSaulis SegrZneba, xSirad
isini iswrafvian religiisaken, rac nawilobriv, aseve SeiZleba yofili-
yo mizezi mocemuli gansxvavebis arsebobisa.
miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa migvaCnia, rom basisa da darkis meTo-
dikis saSualebiT mainc SesaZlebelia garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTeba ag-
resiuli qcevis struqturis Sesaxeb agresiul pirebSi. bolos da bolos
44
Cveni sakontrolo jgufi xom warmodgenilia damnaSaveebiT, romlebic

imave faqtorebis (maT Soris fsiqologiuri) zewolis qveS imyofebian,
rogorc mZime danaSaulis Camdeni pirebi da maSasadame am ori jgufis mo-
nacemebis Sedareba ufro metadaa Sinaarsobrivad (da ara ubralod mxo-
lod statistikuri analizis TvalTaxedviT) gamarTlebuli, vidre dam-
naSaveebisa da aradamnaSaveebis, radganac es ukanasknelni absoluturad
gansxvavebul pirobebSi cxovroben.
korelaciurma analizma kendelis τ koeficientis mixedviT gviCvena,
rom eqsperimentul jgufSi (cxrili 3.1.2) yvela maxasiaTeblebi (garda
danaSaulis SegrZnebisa) erTmaneTTan sarwmunod korelirebda. es Zlier
gansxvavdeba sakontrolo jgufSi miRebuli Sedegebisagan (cxrili 3.1.3)
da miTumetes imisagan, rasac adgili hqonda `normalur~ populaciaSi.
cxrili 3.1.2
agresiis sxvadasxva formebs Soris korelacia
agresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirebSi
fizi- iribi gaRi- negati- wyena eWvi verba- danaSau-

kuri agre- ziane- vizmi luri lis
agresia sia ba agresia SegrZneba
fizi- ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0
kuri
agresia
iribi ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0
agre-
sia
gaRi- ++ ++ ++ ++ 0
ziane-
ba
negati- + ++ ++ _
vizmi
wyena ++ ++ 0
eWvi ++ 0
verba- 0
luri
agresia
danaSau-
lis Seg-
rZneba
+ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).

++ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,01).
– korelacia uaryofiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).
0 statistikurad sarwmuno korelacias ar aqvs adgili.
45
cxrili 3.1.3
agresiis sxvadasxva formebs Soris korelacia SedarebiT
araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirebSi
fizi- iribi gaRi- negati- wyena eWvi verba- danaSau-

kuri agre- zianeba vizmi luri lis
agresia sia agresia SegrZneba
fizi- + + ++ 0 0 ++ _
kuri
agresia
iribi ++ 0 + + 0 0
agre-
sia
gaRi- 0 ++ ++ 0 0
ziane-
ba
negati- 0 0 ++ _
vizmi
wyena ++ 0 0
eWvi 0 0
verba- _
luri
agresia
danaSau-
lis Seg-
rZneba
+ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).

++ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,01).
– korelacia uaryofiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).
0 statistikurad sarwmuno korelacias ar aqvs adgili.
araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden damnaSaveebSi mocemuli paramet-

rebis analizma migviyvana daskvnamde, rom isini SeiZleba Semdegnairad
davajgufod:
1) fizikuri agresia, negativizmi da verbaluri agresia (isini ara
marto maRalsarwmunod korelirebdnen erTmaneTTan, anu adgili hqon-
da am sidideebs Soris mZlavr dadebiT kavSirs, aramed samive xasiaTde-
boda uaryofiTi sarwmuno korelaciiT danaSaulis SegrZnebasTan.
2) iribi agresia, gaRizianeba, wyena da eWvi;
3) danaSaulis SegrZneba;
qcevis mocemuli struqtura sakmaod axlos dgas `normalur~ po-
pulaciaSi arsebuli mdgomareobasTan, Tumca mainc gansxvavdeba misgan
(aruTunovi da T. a. 1999).
46
sruliad sxvagvari suraTi miviReT agresiuli danaSaulis Camden pi-

rebSi. iq mxolod ori jgufis gamoyofa iyo SesaZlebeli:
1) fizikuri agresia, negativizmi, verbaluri agresia, iribi agresia, ga-
Rizianeba, wyena da eWvi;
2) danaSaulis SegrZneba;
aseve saintereso iyo danaSaulis SegrZnebis damokidebuleba sxva
komponentebTan rogorc agresiul, ise araagresiul damnaSaveebSi. Tu-
ki `normalur~ SerCeviTobaSi es parametri dadebiTad korelirebda sxva
maxasiaTeblebTan (aruTunovi da T.a. 1999), CvenTan adgili hqonda Semdeg
kanonzomierebas: agresiuli danaSaulis Camden damnaSaveebSi igi sarwmu-
nod ar korelirebda praqtikulad arc erT parametrTan (negativizmis
garda), xolo araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden damnaSaveebSi ki SeimCne-
oda uaryofiTi sarwmuno korelacia (negativizmTan, fizikur da verba-
lur agresiasTan). rogorc Cans, danaSaulis SegrZnebas patimrebisaTvis
principulad gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvs vidre im adamianebisaTvis,
romlebic samyaros ar uyureben cixis kedlebidan. Tanac danaSaulis
SegrZnebis maxasiaTebeli yvela sxva parametrisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro
maRali iyo araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirebSi, vidre agresiuli
danaSaulis CamdenebSi.
Cven mier miRebuli Sedegebi metyveleben imaze, rom rogorc Cans,
danaSaulis agresiulobis xarisxi kavSirSia maTi Camdeni individebis pi-
rovnul maxasiaTeblebTan (am SemTxvevaSi agresiulobasTan, rogorc qa-
raqterologiur TvisebasTan).
literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT damnaSave mozardebSi
SeiniSneba sarwmuno korelacia fizikur, irib (arapirdapir) agresias, wye-
nasa da verbalur agresias Soris (Гущин 2001). es sakmaod kargad eTanxmeba
sakuTar monacemebs. sxvaTa Soris, am kvlevaSi ar iqna nanaxi sarwmuno gan-
sxvaveba agresiulobis donis mixedviT (gaTvlili – ramodenime sxvadas-
xva testis saSualebiT) agresiuli danaSaulis Camden axalgazrdebsa da
`normalur~ mozardebs Soris. rac igive mosazrebebiT SeiZleba aixsnas,
romliTac Cvens kvlevebSi naCvenebi, damnaSaveebis normasTan SedarebiT
dabali agresiuloba (gazomili basisa da darkis meTodis mixedviT) avxse-
niT. faqtobrivad, Cven amiT, mosaxleobis garkveul kategoriebSi, am tes-
tebis gamoyenebis SedarebiT dabal validobaze mivuTiTed.
3.2. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba cxovelebSi
nebismieri motivaciis donisa da intensivobis Sefaseba garkveul siZ-

neleebTan aris dakavSirebuli (Ильин 2006). es kanonzomiereba cxovelTa
samyaros warmomadgenlebzec vrceldeba. motivaciis done, rogorc we-
si, fasdeba saboloo rezultatiT: moxmarebuli sakvebis raodenobiT
47
(kvebiTi motivacia), liTonis iatakze miwodebuli denis ZaliT, romlis

gadalaxva sWirdeba cxovels saboloo miznis misaRwevad da a.S. mamrTa-
Sorisi agresia warmoiSoba da viTardeba saxeobaspecifikuri zoosoci-
aluri stimulebis sapasuxod da rogorc sistemuri mTlianobis mqone
qceviTi aqti iwyeba sxva individTan kontaqtis mcdelobiT. aRniSnuli
kontaqtis dros formirdeba specifikuri agresiuli agzneba, romelic
realizdeba muqariT, TavdasxmiTa da devniT. maTi gamovlenis intensi-
voba migviTiTebs agresiuli motivaciis siZliereze. rogorc wina qve-
TavSi aRvniSneT, adamianis agresiuli agznebis donis Sefaseba SesaZle-
belia TviTSefasebis kiTxvarebiTac. Tumca, rogorc aseve iqna Cven mier
aRniSnuli, am gziT, xSirad SeuZlebelia obieqturi monacemebis miReba.
cxovelebSi ki, mxolod qcevaze dakvirvebiT miRebuli monacemebiT ope-
rirebaa SesaZlebeli. maSasadame, adamianis msgavsad, cxovelebSic SesaZ-
lebelia dakvirvebisa da eqsperimentuli kvlevis meTodebis gamoyeneba.
cxovelebSi, eqsperimentuli meTodebi, ZiriTadad laboratoriuli eq-
sperimentuli meTodebiT aris dakompleqtebuli. samagierod, cxovel-
Ta agresiuli qcevis Seswavlis arsenalSi farTodaa warmodgenili maT-
ze sxvadasxva fizikuri da qimiuri agentebis, stresogenuli faqtorebis
zemoqmedebasa da cns-is mizanmimarTul dazianebaze dafuZnebuli meTo-
debi. adamianze msgavsi ramis gakeTeba, gasagebi mizezebis gamo SeuZle-
belia. cxovelTa SemTxvevaSic ki, ama Tu im manipulaciis aucileblobis
dasabuTeba da koreqtulad Catarebaa aucilebeli. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-
vaSi, miRebuli rezultatebebi mkvlevarma, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi – norma-
lur gamocemaSi SeiZleba ver gamoaqveynos, xolo uares SemTxvevaSi ki
– cixeSic amoyofs Tavs.
Cveni azriT, cxovelTa agresiulobis Seswavla ori gansxvavebuli
motiviT xorcieldeba. mkvlevarTa erT jgufs (ZiriTadad, biologebs)
ainteresebT cxovelTa konkretul saxeobaSi agresiulobis Tavisebu-
rebebis Seswavla (rogorc, am saxeobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli erT-erTi
Tvisebis). mkvlevarTa meore jgufis interesi cxovelTa agresiulobi-
sadmi ki gamowveulia adamianebSi sxvadasxva fsiqikuri paTologiisa da
zogadad, adamianis agresiulobis modelirebis surviliT. aRsaniSnavia,
rom cxovelTa agresiul qcevaze dafuZnebul modelebs sakmaod didi
gamoyeneba aqvT mecnierebaSi (Haller & Kruk 2006). Tumca, mkvlevarTa na-
wili principulad ewinaaRmdegeba aseTi kvlevebis Sedegebis adamianze
eqstrapolaciis mcdelobas.
mocemul qveTavSi, agresiuli qcevis meTodikebis ganxilvisas Ziri-
Tadad, daveyrdnobiT blanCardebis (Wall da T.a. 2003), bureSis (Буреш da
T.a. 1991) da poSivalovis (Пошивалов 1986) laboratoriebis TanamSrom-
lebis Sromebs. amitom, am qveTavis teqstSi, raime gansakuTrebuli auci-
leblobis gareSe ar davimowmebT am avtorTa literaturas.
48
dakvirvebis meTodebs (zogierTi avtori mas eTologiur midgomas

uwodebs (mag. Wall da T.a. (2003)), ZiriTadad, sxeulis didi zomis (romel-
Ta Seswavla laboratoriul pirobebSi garTulebulia) an egzotikuri
cxovelebis agresiis Sefasebis an bunebriv pirobebSi ierarqiuli urTi-
erTobebis damyarebis Seswavlisas iyeneben. dakvirvebis cneba moicavs
bunebriv pirobebSi mofunqcionire organizmebisaTvis Tvalyuris dev-
nebas. ase vTqvaT, agresiis Seswavlas maT cxovrebaSi minimaluri Carevis
fonze.
eqsperimentuli laboratoriuli meTodebi ki farTod gamoiyeneba,
ZiriTadad, SedarebiT mcire zomis organizmebisa (eqsperimentSi gamo-
yenebuli cxovelis zoma kvleviTi laboratoriis SesaZleblobebzea da-
mokidebuli. mcire zomis organizmebTan muSaoba ki yvela laboratori-
isTvis aris xelmisawvdomi) da primatebis agresiulobis dasadgenad. am
dros, mkvlevari aqtiurad ereva cxovelTa urTierTobebSi, Segnebulad
cvlis maTi arsebobis (garemo) pirobebs da cdilobs organizmze moqmedi
faqtorebis manipulirebis gziT, rogorRac `gamoacalkevos~ Sesaswav-
li movlena (am SemTxvevaSi – agresia). Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom bolo
aTwleulebSi mkveTrad gaZlierda tendencia – laboratoriuli piro-
bebi maqsimalurad dauaxlovon garemo pirobebs da Sesabamisad agresia
Seiswavlon ara izolirebulad, aramed sxva qceviT paternebTan kavSir-
Si. Sesabamisad, Seiswavlon ara paTologiuri Tu xelovnurad gamowveu-
li agresiis gamovlinebebi, aramed bunebrivi agresia.
adamianisagan gansxvavebiT, cxovelTa agresiulobis Sefaseba faq-
tobrivad mxolod cxovelTa Setakebis dros aris SesaZlebeli. aseTi
urTierTobebis misaRebad sakmaod bevri eqsperimentuli laborato-
riuli meTodi arsebobs. maTi umetesoba, agresiis xarisxis gazomvazea
orientirebuli rogorc agonisturi (Serigebadi), ise antagonisturi
(Seurigebeli) urTierTobebisas. cnobilia, rom Tavad agresia SeiZleba
iyos daufaravi (overt) da ritualizebuli. Ria, daufaravi agresiis Sefa-
seba sxvadasxva parametrebiT aris SesaZlebeli. miuxedavad organizmis
sistematikuri kuTvnilebisa, es parametrebi met-naklebad universa-
lur xasiaTs atareben. kerZod, yvela maTgani moicavs organizmisTvis
fizikuri zianis miyenebis faqts. zogi cxoveli amisaTvis kbilebs iye-
nebs, zogi wina (zemo) kidurebs, zogi ukanas (qvemo), zogic sxva organo-
ebs (rqebs, kisers, xorTums da a.S.). magram, nebismier SemTxvevaSi vizua-
lurad advilia imis dadgena, rom fizikur agresiasTan gvaqvs saqme. rac
Seexeba ritualizebul agresias, is sakmaod saxeobaspecifikuria da mas-
Si garkveva, zogjer rTulia. Tanac ritualizebuli qcevis dafiqsireba
met yuradRebasac moiTxovs. amitom eqsperimentuli laboratoriuli
meTodebiT agresiis Sefaseba ZiriTadad xorcieldeba cxovelTa ur-
49
TierTobis adreul etapebze, rodesac agresiul qcevaSi, misi fizikuri

agresiis komponentebi prevalireben. Tumca, bolo aTwleulebSi agre-
sologebi sul ufro da ufro metad interesdebian agresiuli qcevis
dinamikiT jgufis (gareul cxovelTa populaciis Tu laboratoriuli
koloniis) Camoyalibebis Semdgom etapebze, rodesac urTierTobebi in-
dividebs Soris ukve met-naklebad stabilizebulia.
mocemul qveTavSi jer ganvixilavT agresiis Sesaswavlad gamoyene-
bul eqsperimentul laboratoriul meTodebs, Semdeg ki im parametrebs,
romelTa saSualebiTac fasdeba agresiuli qceva.
am meTodebis mravalgvaroba da mravalricxovneba apirobebs maTi
klasificirebis aucileblobas. es ufro mosaxerxebelia maTi motivaci-
uri Sinaarsis mixedviT. am principis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia ramode-
nime jgufis gamoyofa. kerZod, isini SeiZleba davyoT modelebad, rom-
lebic dafuZnebuli arian:
1. Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis Seswavlaze;
2. saxeobaTSorisi da mtacebluri agresiis Seswavlaze;
sxva motivaciur plasts asaxavs meTodikebis dayofa modelebad,
romlebSic agresia dakavSirebulia:
1. TavdasxmiT motivaciasTan;
2. TavdacviT motivaciasTan;
agreTve SeiZleba modelebi davyoT:
1. bunebriv an bunebrivTan miaxlovebul pirobebSi ganviTarebul ag-
resiis modelebad;
2. xelovnuri, wminda eqsperimentaluri meTodebiT (mag. tvinis ama
Tu im centrebis eleqtrostimulaciis an destruqciis Sedegad) gamow-
veuli agresiis modelebad.
agresiis gamowvevis meTodebi SeiZleba davyoT aseve:
1. normaluri agresiis modelebad;
2. paTologiuri agresiis modelebad.
arsebobs mravali sxva, maT Soris, mravalkomponentiani klasifika-
ciac.
axla ki uSualod am modelebis mokle ganxilvaze gadavideT.
`spontanuri~ agresiis modelebi. agresiis mkvlevarTa mizans, um-
ravles SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgens organizmTa bunebrivi da paTologiuri
agresiisa da agresiulobis Seswavla. pirveli maTganis Sesaswavlad gansa-
kuTrebiT efeqturia meTodikebi, romlebSic agresia generirdeba `spon-
tanurad~, ase vTqvaT bunebrivTan miaxloebul garemoSi. mocemul mode-
lebSi, aseve SesaZlebelia paTologiuri agresiis Camoyalibebaze dakvir-
vebac. am tipis modelebs miekuTvneba: koloniis, sensoruli kontaqtis,
rezident-intruderis, jgufTaSorisi agresiis da sxva modelebi.
50
koloniis modeli. mocemuli tipis modelebis mTavar damaxasiaTe-

bel Tvisebas warmoadgens is, rom maTSi maqsimalurad aris asaxuli Se-
saswavli cxovelebis (agresologiur kvlevebSi es ukanasknelni, umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi mrRnelTa (Rodentia) rigs miekuTvnebian, ufro konkre-
tulad ki – TagvisebrTa (Muridae) an zazunisebrTa (Cricetidae) ojaxebis
warmomadgenlebi arian. agreTve, am meTodiT xSirad primatTa qcevasac
swavloben) bunebrivi sacxovrebeli garemo da, rac mTavaria maTi soci-
aluri struqtura (e.w. `koloniis paradigma~). TagvisebrTa ojaxis war-
momadgenlebisTvis Seqmnil koloniis models xSirad xilul soroTa
sistemas (visible burrow system – VBS) uwodeben. soroTa sistema, mdedrebis
arseboba koloniaSi, cxovelTa ierarqiuli struqturis arseboba Tavi-
si maRalagresiuli dominanti mamriT, marTlac amsgavsebs am sistemas
bunebrivTan. Sesabamisad, agresiis Seswavlac faqtobrivad, bunebrivTan
miaxloebul garemoSi aris SesaZlebeli. mocemuli modelis saSualebiT
xdeba teritoriuli agresiisa da zogierTi sxva Sidasaxeobrivi agresi-
is formis Seswavla.
rezident-intruderis modeli. misi arsi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
mdedrTan erTad galiaSi mcxovreb mamrs (rogorc wesi, agonistur kon-
fliqtebSi gamocdils) galiaSi usvamen sxva mamrs (rogorc wesi, agonis-
tur konfliqtebSi gamoucdels (naive) da Tan SedarebiT mcire zomisas).
am proceduramde cota xniT adre mdedri amohyavT galiidan. Semdeg ak-
virdebian ori mamris urTierTobas da afaseben agresiis gamovlinebebs
sxvadasxva eTologiuri parametrebis saSualebiT. mocemuli modeli
iZleva Sidasaxeobrivi teritoriuli agresiis Seswavlis saSualebas. am
modelSi, ZiriTadad, rezidenti mamris parametrebi fasdeba. rezident-
intruderis modelis mravali nairsaxeoba da modifikacia arsebobs: ic-
vleba galiis, rezidentisa da intruderis maxasiaTeblebi, magram er-
Ti ram ucvlelia – erTi cxovelis (an jgufis) teritorias `stumrobs~
meore.
neitralur teritoriaze Setakebis modeli. es modelic, sakmaod
farTod gamoyeneba agresiis Sesaswavlad (Maxson & Canastar 2006). misi ar-
si mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ori, erTi da igive saxeobis da, xSirad, xazis
cxoveli (Tumca, zogjer sxvadasxva xazis cxovelebsac iyeneben), rom-
lebic ar icnoben erTmaneTs, amohyavT TavianTi sacxovrebeli galiidan
da aTavseben neitralur teritoriaze erTmaneTis pirispir. Semdeg ki
akvirdebian maT Soris gamarTul Setakebebs. arsebobs am modelis sxva-
dasxva modifikaciebi. erT-erTi modifikacia aseTia: neitralur teri-
toriaze axvedreben cxovelebs, romelTagan erTi Tavis galiaSi domi-
nanti iyo, xolo meore ki – damorCilebuli.
51
jgufTaSorisi agresiis modelebi. galiaSi, romelic ori izolire-

buli saknisagan Sedgeba, cxovelebis ori jgufi gancalkevebulad cxov-
robs. Semdeg, xdeba saknebsSorisi kedlis amoweva da cxovelTa jgufebis
urTierTobaze dakvirveba. aseT situaciaSi, rogorc wesi, iwyeba jguf-
TaSorisi konfliqti, romelSic yvelaze intensiurad jgufis dominan-
tebi arian Cabmulni. am modelis saSualebiT SeiZleba rogorc erTi xa-
zis, ise sxvadasxva xazis cxovelebis urTierTobis Seswavla.
sensoruli kontaqtis modeli. mocemuli modeli SemuSavebul iqna n.
kudriavcevas mier (Кудрявцева 1999). avtoris azriT es modeli qroniku-
li socialuri konfliqtis models warmoadgens (Кудрявцева da T.a. 2007)
da misi arsi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: or, Tanabari wonisa da zomis Tagvs 5
dRiT svamen individualur galiebSi jgufis efeqtis mosaxsnelad (anu
am dros xdeba, cxovelis mier jgufSi dakavebuli statusis erTgvari
`daviwyeba~). Semdeg isini gadahyavT specialur galiaSi, romelic 2 na-
wilisgan Sedgeba. nawilebs Soris gamWvirvale tixaria. Tagvebi xedaven,
esmiT, suniTac SeigrZnoben erTmaneTs, magram ar aqvT fizikuri kontaq-
ti (kontaqti mxolod sensorulia – aqedan meTodis saxelwodeba). axal
garemoSi Tagvebis adaptaciis Semdeg, amoweven tixars da akvirdebian
Tagvebis agonistur Setakebas. xdeba gamarjvebulisa da damarcxebulis
identifikacia.
am meTodiT SesaZlebelia SetakebebSi permanentuli gamarjvebebisa
da damarcxebebis mqone dominanti (uaRresad maRalagresiuli) da submi-
siuri cxovelebis gamoyvana.
`spontanuri~ agresiis sxva modelebi. garda zemoCamoTvlilisa, mo-
delTa es jgufi moicavs mraval sxva models. maT Soris, sxva cxovelis
Casmas sxva xazis cxovelebTan erT galiaSi, maTi agresiis SedarebiTi daxa-
siaTebisTvis. swored aseTi saxis eqsperimentSi iqna nanaxi, rom C57Black/6
xazis Tagvis Casma BALB/c xazis Tagvebis koloniaSi iwvevda imas, rom sul
male es Tagvi dominantis poziciaze aRmoCndeba (Богданов 2008).
`spontanuri~ agresiis modelebis uaryofiT mxares is warmoadgens,
rom am agresiis gamovlenis sixSire SedarebiT dabalia. koloniisa da
mis msgavs modelebSi ki Ria cxovelTaSorisi agresia ZiriTadad, ierar-
qiuli urTierTobis pirvel kvirebSi vlindeba da Semdgom igi icvleba
ritualizebuli agresiiT. es ukanaskneli ufro Zneli Sesafasebelia,
Tanac ar miekuTvneba daufaravi fizikuri agresiis saxes. am xarvezebis
`Sesavsebad~ mkvlevarebma SeimuSaves bevri sxva tipis modeli. zogierTi
maTgani qvemoT gvyavs moyvanili.
frustraciiTa da sacicocxlo resursebze konkurenciiT gamow-
veuli agresiis modelebi. agresiuli qceva, rogorc es wina TavebSi
vnaxeT, mniSvnelovanwilad frustraciasa da sxvadasxva resursze kon-
52
kurenciis Sedegad warmoSobil reaqcias warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, am mi-

marTulebiT Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis Seswavla mravali meTodikis gamo-
yenebiT aris SesaZlebeli. isini moicaven: sakvebze, sasmelze konkuren-
ciiT gamowveuli, agreTve frustraciiT gamowveuli agresiis da sxva
modelebs.
sakvebze (sasmelze) konkurenciiT gamowveuli agresiis modelebi.
arsebobs maTi mravali modifikacia. zogierT maTganSi gamoiyeneba sak-
veburamde gayvanili viwro tuneli, romlis meore bolodan uSveben vir-
Tagvebs. sakvebamde misvlas SeZlebs mxolod is, romelic gamoaZevebs
konkurents tunelidan. arseboben modelebi, romlebSic sakvebis rao-
denoba SezRudulia da mxolod erTi virTagvisTvis aris samyofi. iyene-
ben sxva msgavs meTodikebsac.
erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom es modelebi mxolod kve-
biTi qcevisa da mtacebluri agresiis Sesaswavl modelebs warmoadgenen,
magram es ase ar aris. maTi saSualebiT Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis Seswavlac
aris SesaZlebeli. Tumca, aseT modelze Sesrulebul erT-erT kvleva-
Si miRebul iqna rezultatebi, romelTa mixedviTac, mocemuli teste-
bis mixedviT gamovlenili dominireba, cudad korelirebda spontanur
agonistur SetakebaSi gamovlenil dominirebasTan (Wall da T.a. 2003). es
Sedegi Zalian ucnaurad JRers da, rom ar iyos gamagrebuli garkveuli
literaturuli wyaroebiT, pirvelive miaxloebaSi arasarwmunod Cav-
TvlidiT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, sanam moxdeba mocemuli monacemebis
detaluri gadamowmeba kvlevis Tanamedrove saSualebebiT, manamde sa-
Wiroa agresiis Sesaswavlad spontanur agonistur Setakebaze dafuZne-
buli modelebis ufro natifi analizi.
frustraciuli modelebi. am saxis meTodikebi gamoiyeneba mravali
saxeobis cxovelebis agresiulobis Sesaswavlad rogorc ZuZumwovre-
bis, ise frinvelebisa da reptiliebis. meTodikis arsi, miuxedavad arse-
buli mravali modifikaciisa – sakmaod martivia. winaswar axorcieleben
cxovelTa operantuli reaqciebis daswavlas `ganmtkicebis~ (mag. sakve-
bis) misaRebad. reglamentirebuli `ganmtkicebis~ `Cagdeba~ organizmeb-
Si iwvevs agresiul reaqciebs.
agresiis socialuri deprivaciuli modelebi. am tipis modelebs
safuZvlad udevs xangrZlivi socialuri deprivacia, gamowveuli or-
ganizmis izolirebul pirobebSi moTavsebiT. Tumca, bevri mkvlevari
Tvlis, rom am meTodebiT ufro paTologiuri agresiis miRebaa SesaZ-
lebeli, vidre bunebrivis. samagierod, Sesrulebis TvalsazrisiT isini
sakmaod martiv meTodikebs warmoadgenen.
izolaciiT gamowveuli agresiis modelebi. zrdasruli organizmis
izolacia (bavSvobis asakSi izolaciisagan gansxvavebiT) zrdis organiz-
53
mis agresiulobas. aseTi cxoveli nebismier kontaqts Tavis `TanamoZmes-

Tan~ aRiqvams, rogorc garkveul gamowvevas da agresiiT pasuxobs. sak-
nebi, romlebSic gadahyavT cxoveli izolaciisTvis, saSualo sididisaa.
izolaciis xangrZlivoba saxeobaspecifikuria. arsebobs xangrZlivi
(ramodenime kviraze meti) da xanmokle (ramodenime dRe) izolaciis mo-
delebi. izolirebul cxovels Semdgom svamen neitralur galiaSi da
masTan SeyavT jgufidan amoyvanili organizmi an Tavad izolantis gali-
aSi svamen intruders.
tkiviliTa da fiziologiuri stresorebiT gamowveuli agre-
siis modelebi. sanam am meTodikebs ganvixilavdeT gvinda SevniSnoT,
rom stresis klasifikaciaSi termini `fiziologiuri~ gamoiyeneba ara
rogorc `bunebrivis~ sinonimi (rogorc amas sxva mravali biologiuri
movlenis SemTxvevaSi aqvs adgili), aramed aRniSnavs fizikuri, qimiuri
da biologiuri (infeqciuri) bunebis faqtorTa zemoqmedebiT ganviTa-
rebul stress (Данилова, Крылова 1989). imasac gavusvamT xazs, rom orga-
nizmze am fiziologiuri stresorebis moqmedebis meqanizmSi tkivili
mxolod erTi komponentia (zog SemTxvevaSi – araZiriTadic ki), amitom
am ori faqtoris (tkivilisa da fiziologiuri stresorebis) erTi saTa-
uris qveS gaerTianeba sakmaod pirobiTad migvaCnia. Tumca, araerTi av-
tori miuTiTebs tradiciuli aversiuli stimulebisa (eleqtroSokis da
a.S.) da stresorebiT gamowveuli agresiis garkveul Tanxvedraze (maga-
liTisTvis ix. Буреш da T.a. 1991).
frustraciis msgavsad, stresic agresiis gamomwvevi mZlavri wyaroa.
aqedan gamomdinare, zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom stresiT gamowve-
uli agresia, agresiis yvelaze adekvatur models warmoadgens (Юматов
da T.a. 1988).
am jgufSi mravali meTodika SeiZleba gavaerTianoT: agresia miRebu-
li eleqtro(tkiviliTi) SokiT, sruli da nawilobrivi imobilizaciiT
da sxva.
eleqtroSokiT gamowveuli agresiis modelebi. tkiviliT gamowveu-
li cxovelTa agresiuli Seteva, sakmaod advilad gamosawvevi da Sesafa-
sebelia. amitom am modelebma farTo gavceleba hpoves. sxvadasxva denis
Zalisa da Zabvis eleqtruli denis dartyma (eleqtruli dartyma Ziri-
Tadad, xorcieldeba kidurebis midamoSi, radganac Sesasruleblad es
pozicia yvelaze ufro martivia) apirobebs cxovelTa agresias rogorc
Tavisi, ise sxva saxeobis organizmebis, agreTve usulo sagnebis mimarT
(maT Soris e.w. `liTonis xelis~ mimarT. masze SeiZleba mTvlelis damon-
taJeba, romelic kbenebis raodenobas daiTvlis). amasTan, eqsperimen-
tuli saknis zoma da Sesabamisad, eleqtroSokis zemoqmedebis qveS myof
54
cxovelTa Soris manZili, aucileblad mcire unda iyos da isini advilad

unda wvdebodnen erTmaneTs (amis mizezebze cotaTi qvemoT).
sruli an nawilobrivi imobilizaciiT gamowveuli agresiis modele-
bi. imobilizacia erT-erTi umZlavresi stresoria da mas xSirad mimar-
Taven organizmis stresirebisaTvis da aseve, agresiis gamosawvevadac.
Tanac procedurulad igi Zalian martivi Casatarebelia. sakmarisia cxo-
velis moTavseba Zalian viwro kameraSi, penalSi, milSi (Tanac, rac ufro
viwroa igi – miT ukeTesia), da Sedegad, cxovelis mxridan Setevis provo-
cirebisTvis aRar aris saWiro damatebiTi stimulaciis gamoyeneba.
agresiuli qcevis generirebis saintereso modeli iqna SemoTavaze-
buli e. iumatovis mier. mis modelSi xdeboda virTagvebis mxolod kudis
dafiqsireba galiis gareT leikoplastiriT, Tanac ise, rom Tavad vir-
Tagva ar kargavda moZraobis, sxvadasxva pozebis miRebis, normalurad
kvebisa da siTxis miRebis unars. mkvlevarebi axorcielebdnen ramode-
nime virTagvis gverdigverd (100 mm siSoreze) dafiqsirebas. miuxedavad
aseTi fardobiTi Tavisuflebisa, cxovelebis fiqsireba mkveTrad zrdi-
da maTSi agresiulobas da urTierTSetakebebis raodenobas (Юматов da
T.a. 1988).
tkiviliT gamowveuli agresiis modelebis sust wertils warmoad-
gens is, rom am dros Setevas (agresiul qcevas zogadad) ar aqvs Tavdas-
xmiTi qcevisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. kerZod, mRrRnelebis Sem-
TxvevaSi, ar aRiniSneba gverdiTi Seteva (lateral attack), devna (chasing), Cav-
leba (pinning) da sxva (Wall da T.a. 2003). agresia, am dros, TavdacviTi qce-
visaTvis damaxasiaTebeli vertikaluri TavdacviTi pozebiT, wina kidu-
rebiT dartymebiTa (inglisurenovan literaturaSi am dartymebs striking
and kicking uwodeben) da saxis midamoSi kbeniT Semoifargleba. Tu amas, im
faqtsac davumatebT, rom tkiviliTi zemoqmedebis dros Zalian Znelia
(zogjer SeuZlebelic ki) agresiuli qcevis miReba didi zomis sakneb-
Si, maSin gasagebi gaxdeba, Tu ratom ayenebs es yovelive kiTxvis niSnis
qveS cxovelebSi TavdasxmiTi motivaciis arsebobas am tipis meTodikeb-
Si (Wall da T.a. 2003).
saxeobaTSorisi da mtacebluri agresiis modelebi. maT miekuT-
vneba muricidis, ranacidis, saranCasa da WriWinebze Tavdasxmis, mtaceb-
lis sawinaaRmdego TavdacviTi agresiisa da sxva modelebi.
muricidi. virTagvebs axasiaTebT Tagvebis winaaRmdeg spontanuri
agresia, rac Seswavlili iqna am testis avtoris p. karlis mier. karlis
testi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli testia. miuxedavad amisa, moce-
muli meTodikis garSemo ar wydeba kamaTi imis Sesaxeb warmoadgens igi
`sufTa~ saxis agresias, Tu masSi ufro metia kvebiT-mtacebluri qcevis
elementebi. Cveni azriT, calsaxaa, rom muricidi Sidasaxeobriv agresias
55
ar miekuTvneba da igi ufro mtacebluri (SeiZleba iTqvas – kvebiT-mta-

cebluri) agresiis gamovlenas warmoadgens, razec metyvelebs alberti-
sa da uelSis eqsperimentebi. kerZod, maT eqsperimentebSi medialuri hi-
poTalamusis dazianebis Sedegad virTagvebma intensiurad daiwyes Tag-
vebis kvla, magram maTi Sidasaxeobrivi agresiuloba ar gazrdila (Albert
& Welsh 1982). aseve, rilovis statiaSi (romelic mdedri virTagvebis de-
dobrivi agresiis kvlevas eZRvneba) naCvenebia, rom infanticids (Sidasa-
xeobrivi agresiis erT-erT saxes) da muricids sxvadasxva motivaciuri
baza gaaCnia (Рылов 1988). yovel SemTxvevaSi, es ukanaskneli SeiZleba sa-
xeobaTSoris agresias mivakuTvnoT, magram ara Sidasaxeobriv agresias.
Sesabamisad, karlis testis gamoyeneba agresiis Sesaswavlad naklebad-
produqtiulad migvaCnia. saqme is aris, rom rodesac agresiaze saubro-
ben, Cveulebriv, Sidasaxeobriv agresias gulisxmoben. Sesabamisad, Tu
romelime testis saSualebiT agresiis sxva saxis Sefasebaa SesaZlebeli,
maSin kvlevis avtorma statiis dasawyisSive unda SeniSnos, rom agresi-
is gansakuTrebuli saxeobis Seswavlas apirebs da ara agresiis, rogorc
aseTis.
vfiqrobT, rom mocemuli mosazrebebi samarTliania muricidis
msgavsi sxva meTodikebisTvisac.
ranacidi. virTagvebs, iseve rogorc Tagvebs axasiaTebT bayayebze
spontanuri Tavdasxma. Tanac isini Tavs esxmian da klaven ufro moZrav
bayayebs.
saranCasa da WriWinebze Tavdasxma. am tests iyeneben Tagvebis agre-
siulobis Sesamowmeblad.
mtaceblis sawinaaRmdego TavdacviTi agresiis modelebi. mocemuli
meTodikis mizans warmoadgens mtaceblis sawinaaRmdego agresiis Seswav-
la. rogorc cnobilia, gamouval mdgomareobaSi myofi cxovelebi (maT
Soris TiTqosda ùwyinari~ cxovelebic ki) xSirad Tavs esxmian mtaceb-
lebs da zogjer klaven kidec maT. laboratoriul pirobebSi, aseTi eq-
sperimentebi ZiriTadad mRrRnelebze tardeba. rodesac TagvebSi cdi-
loben mocemuli saxis agresiis Seswavlas, mtaceblis rolSi iyeneben
terminalurad anesTezirebul virTagvas. xolo rodesac virTagvebSi
undaT am saxis agresiis Sefaseba, maSin mtaceblis rolSi terminalurad
anesTezirebul katas iyeneben. im cxovelTa agresia, romlebic mocemul
pirobebSi Tavs icaven, Tavisi arsiT TavdacviTi xasiaTisaa, Tundac imi-
tom, rom `msxverpli~ mtacebels kbens imave adgilebSi (kerZod, saxis
midamoSi), romlebic `klasikuri~ TavdacviTi Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis
dros aRiniSneba.
agresiis `xelovnuri~ modelebi. Cven mier ganxilul yvela wina mo-
dels, rasakvirvelia ara ubralod atyvia adamianis Carevis xeli, aramed
56
mis mier aris Seqmnili. magram, modelTa arc erT jgufSi iseTi maRali
ar aris adamianis Carevis xarisxi, rogorc mocemul modelebSi. es meTo-
dikebi dakavSirebulia iseT artificialur zemoqmedebebTan, rogoric
intrakranialuri zemoqmedebaa (tvinis sxvadasxva ubnebis eleqtrosti-
mulacia, dazianeba, maTze sxvadasxva qimiuri ingredientebis aplikacia
da sxva), organizmSi sxvadasxva nivTierebebis Seyvana, cxovelebis narko-
tikul nivTierebebze miCveva da Semdeg maTi deprivacia. yvela am models
aqvs aSkara xelovnurobis niSnebi. miuxedavad am xelovnurobisa, swored
maTi saSualebiT moxda agresiul qcevaSi monawile struqturebisa da
nivTierebebis dadgena.
tvinis calkeuli struqturebis dazianebiT gamowveuli agresiis mo-
delebi. mkvlevarebi, sxvadasxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT azianeben tvinis
im struqturebs, romelTa agresiis genezisSi monawileobis dadgenasac
cdiloben. maT ricxvSia: septumi, hipoTalamusi, Sua tvinis struqture-
bi, ynosviTi bolqvebi da mravali sxva. am gziT miRebul agresias da emo-
ciur gamovlinebebs SeiZleba ewodos `cru mrisxaneba~, magram miuxeda-
vad amisa, mocemuli meTodebi mainc informatiulia.
tvinis eleqtrostimulaciiT gamowveuli agresiis modelebi. eleq-
trodebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba mravali sxvadasxva struqturis
eleqtruli stimulacia. maT Soris Suamdebare da Sua tvinis, naTxemis
da sxva.
farmakologiuri preparatebis zemoqmedebiT gamowveuli agresi-
is modelebi. am jgufis modelebi SeiZleba davyoT or jgufad. pirveli
maTgani dakavSirebulia cns sxvadasxva struqturebSi qimiuri ingre-
dientebis aplikaciasTan, meore jgufi ki – ZiriTadad sisxlSi maT Sey-
vanasTan. gamoiyeneba mravali sxvadasxva moqmedebis nivTierebebi: ne-
irotransmiterebi, hormonebi, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebi da sxva. am
siaSi sakmaod xSirad figurirebs: apomorfini, amfetamini, qolino- da
adrenomimetikebi, androgenebi da mravali sxva naerTi.
narkotikebis deprivaciiT gamowveuli agresiis modelebi. narko-
tikul nivTierebebsa an eTanols SeCveuli cxovelebi, maTi moxsnis Sem-
TxvevaSi avlenen mZlavr aradiferencirebul agresias.
rasakvirvelia, modelTa moyvanili klasifikacia sulac ar isaxavda
miznad, yvela tipis meTodikis gamovlenas, Cven mxolod yvelaze gavrce-
lebuli maTgani ganvixileT.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom agresologiur kvlevebSi cxovelis mdgomare-
obis (kerZod, emociurobis, SfoTis) Sesafaseblad iyeneben im meTodi-
kebsac, romlebsac safuZvlad agresiuli qceva ar udevs. saubaria iseT,
farTod gavrcelebul modelebze, rogorebicaa `Ria velis~, Sav-TeTri
kameris, amaRlebuli jvaredini labirinTis modelebi da mravali sxva.
57
agresiis arsebul (maT Soris zemoT moyvanil) meTodikebSi agresi-

uli qcevis Sefaseba sakuTari, `Sinagani~ kriteriumebiT aris SesaZle-
beli. es kriteriumebi garkveulwilad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan da
maTi cal-calke da detaluri ganxilva Sors wagviyvanda. amitom gadav-
wyviteT yvelaze gavrcelebul meTodebze SeCereba.
rogorc cnobilia, TavdacviTi da TavdasxmiTi agresia (am termine-
bis `klasikuri~ gagebiT) gansxvavebuli gamovlinebebiT xasiaTdeba. Ta-
nac, SevniSnavT, rom mocemuli qceva saxeobaspecifikuria da sakmaod
seriozuladaa gansxvavebuli sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebSi. Tumca,
rogorc TavdasxmiTi, ise TavdacviTi qceva saerTo niSnebsac Seicavs.
calkeuli saxeobebis agresiuli qcevis motoruli komponentebis cal-
calke ganxilva did adgils daikavebda. amitom SemovifargloT mxolod
im saxeobebiT, romelTa agresiuli qceva, albaT erT-erT yvelaze kar-
gad Seswavlils warmoadgens – kerZod, mRrRnelebiT.
Setevas (TavdasxmiT agresias) mRrnelebSi win uZRvis gverdiTi Sete-
va (rodesac agresiuli mamri gverds aqcevs mowinaaRmdeges) da Tavdas-
xma-vertikaluri dgoma (agresiuli mamri dgeba ukana kidurebze da Tavs
abrunebs mowinaaRmdegis mimarTulebiT). orive mamrs dgomisas (isini
dganan ukana kidurebze) drunCi erTmaneTisken aqvT mibrunebuli, Tavi
maRla aweuli da am mdgomareobaSi cvlian dartymebs TaTebiT (e.w. boq-
sireba). TavdasxmiTi agresiuli qcevis dawyebaze miuTiTebs agresiuli
grumingi (agresori `gadmokidebulia~ mowinaaRmdegis kiserze an zur-
gze da kbens mis bewvs, xolo mowinaaRmdege iataks aris mikruli) da si-
aruli mcire nabijebiT (agresiuli mamri mcire nabijebiT gars uvlis
mowinaaRmdeges da gverds aqcevs mas). Tavad Seteva ki imaSi gamoixateba,
rom agresori ramodenimejer Tavs esxmis msxverpls, kbens mas gverdebSi,
kudze, zurgze. msxverplis gaqcevis Semdeg ki devnis mas.
TavdacviTi qceva gamoixateba gaqceviT (ukandaxeviT). Tu amas xels
uSlis raime (rogorc es xSirad laboratorul pirobebSi xdeba), msxver-
pli iRebs sxvadasxva pozebs: gakvris (oTxive kiduri gakrulia iatakze an
mxolod erTi TaTi aqvs amoweuli, zurgi ki – amozneqili), vertikaluri
TavdacviTi dgomis (ukana TaTebze, wina TaTebi gamoweuli aqvs Tavdam-
sxmelis mimarTulebiT da mas wina TaTebiT SeuZlia dartymis ganxor-
cieleba. Tavi am dros gverdzea mobrunebuli), gverdiTi TavdacviTi
dgomis (sxeulis erT mxareze wina da ukana kidurebi gamoweuli aqvs, Ta-
vi mobrunebuli). damarcxebul cxovels axasiaTebs gaSeSebis reaqciac
(inglisurenovan literaturaSi mas freezing ewodeba da am dros cxoveli
swrafad wyvets yovelgvar moZraobas. Tanac, es poza damorCilebulma
cxovelma, agresoris wasvlis SemTxvevaSic ki sakmao xani SeuZlia Sei-
58
narCunos). aseve arsebobs sruli morCilebis pozac, rodesac cxoveli

zurgze wveba da zemoT amoweuli aqvs TaTebi.
swored am parametrebis Sefaseba xdeba mkvlevarTa mier agresiis xa-
risxis dasadgenad. agresiis damaxasiaTebeli, sxva instrumentuli para-
metrebidan (e.i. romelTa Seswavlac instrumentuli meTodebiTaa SesaZ-
lebeli), mkvlevarTa azriT Tavdasxmis latenturi dro kargad asaxavs
cxovelTa gaRizianebadobis xarisxs (Кудрявцева, Ситников 1986). litera-
turaSi agresiulobis donisa da xasiaTis analizisaTvis farTod gamoi-
yeneba Semdegi parametrebic: Tavdasxmis sumaruli dro da TavdasxmaTa
saerTo ricxvi (Липина da T.a. 1998) (radganac mocemuli midgoma asaxavs
agresiis obieqturi kriteriumebiT Seswavlis mcdelobas, amitom Cvenc
sakuTar eqsperimentebSi, swored am kriteriumebs vafasebdiT). mniSvne-
lovania agreTve, ara marto agresiuli qcevis ama Tu im konkretuli ga-
movlinebebis Sefaseba, aramed ufro farTo eTologiuri analizic. rac
imas niSnavs, rom saWiroa imis dadgena, Tu romeli saxis agresiuli qce-
va, ra saxis qcevas mosdevs xolme ufro maRali albaTobiT. amis Semdeg
ki SesaZlebelia, erTi konkretuli saxis qcevis meoreSi gadasvlis al-
baTobis koeficientis gamoyvana. es yovelive, Zalian sainteresod aris
Sesrulebuli v. poSivalovis SromebSi (Пошивалов 1986).
ama Tu im organizmis daufaravi agresiuloba marto motoruli ga-
movlinebebiT ki ar fasdeba, aramed agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebis
faqtiTac. Tumca, sainteresoa im kiTxvazec pasuxis gacema Tu ramdena-
daa SesaZlebeli cxovelTa agresiulobis gansazRvra aseT SetakebaSi
gamarjvebis an ufro farTo TvalsazrisiT – populaciur ierarqiaSi
dominirebis faqtis saSualebiT.
arsebobs gamokvlevebi, sadac miTiTebulia, rom populaciis ierar-
qiul sistemaSi dominireba korelirebs rig monacemebTan, magaliTad
cxovelTa masasTan (Таранов da T.a. 1986). didi mniSvneloba aqvs agreT-
ve individis gamocdilebasac, romelic, Tavis mxriv (nawilobriv mainc),
cxovelTa asakiT aris ganpirobebuli. mkvlevarebi (maT Soris Cvenc),
rasakvirvelia cdiloben am momentebis gaTvaliswinebas da amitom, da-
axloebiT erTi masisa da asakis cxovelebze atareben eqsperimentebs.
rogorc gamokvlevebi adastureben, am pirobebis dacvisa da cxovelTa
maqsimaluri `gaTanabrebis~ SemTxvevaSi dominirebas swored rom agre-
siulobis momenti gansazRvravs (Кудрявцева 1997) anu dominireben is or-
ganizmebi, romlebic meti agresiulobiT gamoirCevian. ganviTarebis Se-
darebiT dabal safexurze mdgom ZuZumwovrebSi, es kanonzomiereba sak-
maod kargad moqmedebs. amaze metyvelebs gamokvlevebi, sadac Tagvebis
izolaciis Sedegad miRebuli agresiuli individebi (rogorc ukve aR-
vniSneT, cxovelTa izolacia didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, xolo zogjer ki
59
ontogenezis adreuli etapebidanac, erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli

meTodia maRalagresiul individTa misaRebad), virTagvebTanac ki xasi-
aTdebodnen urTierTobaTa inversiiT – Tagvebi Tavs esxmodnen maT da
imarjvebdnen kidec (Пошивалов 1977). swored aseTi paradoqsuli monace-
mebi iyo moyvanili aRniSnuli mkvlevaris statiaSi, Sesabamis fotomasa-
lasTan erTad.
ufro maRalganviTarebul ZuZumwovrebSi, msgavsad adamianisa, gar-
da agresiulobaSi sxvaobisa, dominirebis gansazRvraSi figurireben
sxva momentebic, romlebic saboloo jamSi gansazRvraven populaciis
struqturas da masSi yoveli individis adgils.
agresiuli qceva xasiaTdeba saintereso xasiaTis ukukavSiriT – naC-
venebia, rom agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebis albaToba izrdeba Tuki
mamrs manamde kidev hqonia gamarjvebebi da mcirdeba yovel axal damar-
cxebasTan erTad (Кудрявцева 1986). amasTanave, mamrTa agresiuli qceva,
maSinve SeiZleba Seicvalos damorCilebulze, Tuki mas ufro agresiul
individs SevaxvedrebT, maSin rodesac damorCilebuli qceva – Tuki er-
Txel Camoyalibda, mudmivad meordeba xelaxla (Кудрявцева 1997; Бондарь,
Кудрявцева 2005). dominanturi mamrebi SegviZlia CavTvaloT agonistur
SetakebaSi gamarjvebulebad, xolo subordinantebi ki – damarcxebule-
bad (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1994). mocemuli sakiTxebi imitom dadga Cvens wi-
naSe, rom gasarkvevi iyo ramdenad SeiZleboda agresiulobis Sefaseba
– agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebis kriteriumiT da ramdenad iyo vali-
duri am Setakebis calkeuli detalebis gamoyeneba amave miznisaTvis.
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT damorCilebuli qcevis garCeva agresiuli-
sagan sakmaod martivia, radganac igi vlindeba aqtiuri TavdacviT, gaq-
ceviT an sruli morCilebis poziT (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989). rogori gan-
sxvavebulic ar unda iyos agresiuli qceva, misi ZiriTadi komponentebi
mRrRnelebSi – naxtomi da kbenaa (Cven ar vexebiT ritualizebul agresi-
ul qcevas, radganac es ukanaskneli ufro xSiria Camoyalibebuli ierar-
qiis mqone populaciaSi da ara ori ucnobi mamris pirveli Sejaxebisas).
Cveni eqsperimentuli masalis analizma aCvena, rom àbsoluturi~ do-
minantebi (Tagvebi, romlebmac yvela SetakebaSi gaimarjves) Tavdasxmis
latenturi droiT sarwmunod gansxvavdebodnen e.w. ùbralod gamarjve-
bulebebisagan~ (aseTebad vTvlidiT im Tagvebs, romlebmac gaimarjves
konkretul testSi, magram, saboloo jamSi (yvela testebis SedegebiT),
ver gaxdnen dominantebi. rasakvirvelia, testidan testSi am `gamarjve-
bulTa~ personaluri Semadgenloba da raodenobac ki icvleboda). unda
aRiniSnos, rom Cven mier agresiulobis donis Sesafaseblad gamoyenebu-
li samive parametris (Tavdasxmis sumaruli droisa da TavdasxmaTa saer-
To ricxvis, Tavdasxmis latenturi drois) mixedviT vadarebdiT àbso-
60
lutur~ dominantebs mxolod am e.w. ùbralod gamarjvebulebebs~. amis

mizezs ki is warmoadgenda, rom ama Tu im testSi damarcxebuli cxovele-
bi iSviaTad iyvnen xolme Setevis iniciatorebi.
rac Seexeba Tavdasxmis latentur dros, dominantebs es maxasiaTebe-
li sarwmunod dabali hqondaT (suraTi 3.2.1). Tuki mocemuli parametri,
rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, gaRizianebadobaze miuTiTebs, xolo es
ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, agresiuli qcevis aucilebeli komponentia,
gamodis, rom dominanti da aradominanti Tagvebi calsaxad gansxvavde-
bodnen am parametris mixedviT. dominantebi ufro metad agresiulni
aRmoCndnen, vidre yvela sxva cxovelebi. rasakvirvelia marto am argu-
mentiT ar SeiZleba im daskvnis gakeTeba, rom agonistur SetakebaSi ga-
marjveba, an ufro zogadad populaciur ierarqiaSi dominireba – agre-
siulobiTaa ganpirobebuli. monacemTa analizma gvanaxa kidev erTi ram:
testirebisas TavdasxmaTa saerTo raodenoba àbsolutur~ dominanteb-
Si da ubralod gamarjvebulebSi, aseve sarwmunod gansxvavdeboda erT-
sur. 3.2.1. Tavdasxmis latenturi dro agonistur

SetakebaSi gamarjvebul TagvebSi (wm-Si).
gansxvaveba àbsolutur~ dominantebsa da danarCen
gamarjvebulebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
61
sur. 3.2.2. TavdasxmaTa saerTo ricxvi agonistur SetakebaSi monawile TagvebSi.

gansxvaveba àbsolutur~ dominantebsa da danarCen gamarjvebulebs
Soris sarwmunoa T2 da T3-Si (p<0,05)
gansxvaveba àbsoluturi~ dominantebis T1 da T3-s Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
maneTisagan – bunebrivia dominantebs is ufro maRali hqondaT. Tumca,

es kanonzomiereba mxolod meore (T2) da mesame (T3) testis dros gamov-
linda, magram ara pirveli (T1) testis dros (suraTi 3.2.2). msgavsi saxe
hqonda TavdasxmaTa sumaruli drois cvlilebebsac. aqac nanaxi iqna,
rom àbsolutur~ dominantebSi mocemuli parametri T2-Si da T3-Si sar-
wmunod maRali iyo vidre danarCen gamarjvebulebSi (suraTi 3.2.3). ze-
moT moyvanili faqtebi adastureben, Cven mier ukve gamoTqmul mosazre-
bas imis Sesaxeb, rom àbsoluturi~ dominantebi ufro metad agresiul-
ni arian, vidre sxva danarCeni cxovelebi. daaxloebiT erTi masis, asakis
(maSasadame gamocdilebis) pirobebSi, swored momatebuli agresiuloba
ganapirobebs Tavad dominirebis faqts. Tumca am mosazrebis Camoyali-
bebisas arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom agresiuli qcevis daswavlasa da
dadebiT ganmtkicebas, aseve Seaqvs Tavisi wvlili am saqmeSi. meore mxriv,
sami testi, albaT arasakmarisia aseTi daswavlisaTvis. Tumca, mocemul
gamokvlevebSi, àbsolutur~ dominantebSi TavdasxmaTa saerTo ricxvis
(magram ara TavdasxmaTa sumaruli drois) mixedviT T1-sa da T3-s Soris
adgili hqonda statistikurad sarwmuno zrdas. rac, TiTqosda migvaniS-
nebs, rom gamarjvebis Semdeg cxovelebi kidev ufro agresiulebi xdebi-
62
sur. 3.2.3. agonistur SetakebaSi monawile Tagvebis TavdasxmaTa saerTo dro (wm-Si).
gansxvaveba àbsoluturi~ dominantebsa da danarCen gamarjvebulebs
Soris T2 da T3-Si sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
an. SevniSnavT Zalian frTxilad, rom raRac daswavlis msgavs movlenas

aqvs adgili. rogorc Cans, àbsolutur~ dominantebsa da danarCenebs So-
ris agresiulobaSi gansxvaveba mxolod genetikuri faqtorebiT ar aris
ganpirobebuli. aseT reaqcias ayalibeben, rogorc genetikuri, aseve ga-
remo faqtorebi. agresiuli qcevis dadebiTi ganmtkiceba swored, rom
faqtoria, romelic amyarebs genetikurad arsebul da/an adreul asakSi
Camoyalibebul garkveul gansxvavebas individTa agresiul qcevaSi.
genetikuri da garemo faqtorebis monawileobaze agresiuli qcevis
genezSi zRva literaturaa dawerili (amaze detalurad ufro qvemoT –
agresiis genetikisadmi miZRvnil TavSi visaubrebT). radganac, litera-
turis mixedviT adamianisaTvis gaTvlili genetikuri faqtorebis pro-
centi agresiuli qceviTi stereotipis ganviTarebaSi – 40-54%-ia (Малых
da T.a. 1998; Равич-Щербо da T.a. 1999; Miles, Carey 1997; Vernon da T.a. 1999),
es sidide cxovelebSi bevrad ufro maRali iqneba. Tumca, kidev erTxel
gavimeorebT, rom aRniSnuli momenti rasakvirvelia ar gamoricxavs ga-
remos mniSvnelovan rolsac.
63
kidev erTi ram, rac asaxavs mocemul tendencias (dominantebis ma-

Ral agresiulobas): Cven mier Catarebul eqsperimentTa umravlesobaSi
vinc iwyebda Tavdasxmas, swored is imarjvebda. romeli momenti, Tu ara
Tavdasxmis (Tanac araprovocirebuli Tavdasxmis) iniciativa ufro kar-
gad miuTiTebs agresiulobis arsze? maSasadame, dominirebis fenomeni
(farTo gagebiT) swored, rom maRal agresiulobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Tanac, es kavSiri ara ubralod statistikur xasiaTs atarebs (rogorc
SeiZleba gvefiqra zemoT moyvanili argumentebidan gamomdinare), ara-
med, SesaZlebelia, funqciuri xasiaTisaa.
Tumca, literaturaSi arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom virTag-
vebSi (vTqvaT, zazunebisagan gansxvavebiT) TamaSiTi agresiis dros `Seta-
kebis~ dawyebis iniciatorebi is organizmebi arian, romlebic SemdgomSi
subordinantebi xdebian (cit. Blanchard da T.a. 2003 mixedviT). albaT, amis
axsna SeiZleba imiTac, rom TamaSiTi agresia mainc sxvaa da realuri mam-
rTaSorisi agresia (rogorc es agresiis ganmartebisas iqna aRniSnuli)
ki – sruliad sxva.
àbsoluturi~ dominantebis gansxvaveba sxva gamarjvebuli indi-
vidisagan Tavdasxmis iniciativiT, Tavdasxmis latenturi droiT, Tav-
dasxmaTa saerTo ricxviTa da saerTo droiT, SetakebaSi gamarjvebis
faqtiT anu saboloo jamSi agresiulobis xarisxiT, ara ubralod mety-
velebs imaze, rom individTa es ori jgufi erTmaneTisagan ganirCeva ra-
Rac parametrebiT, aramed imazec, rom agresiuli qcevis instrumentuli
gamovlinebebi (ar agverios es cneba instrumentul agresiaSi!) sakmaod
kargad asaxaven agresiis, rogorc aseTis Sinaarss. agresia, xom upirve-
les yovlisa swored TavdasxmaSi mdgomareobs (Baron & Richardson, 2004).
64
Tavi 4
agresiis gansxvavebuli xasiaTi adamianebsa da cxovelebSi
mkvlevarTa didi yuradReba daeTmo imis garkvevas, SeiZina Tu ar

adamianebSi agresiam, cxovelebisagan gansxvavebuli raime funqcia.
instinqtivizmis poziciebidan konrad lorenci sainteresod aSu-
qebs mocemul problemas. misi azriT, cxovelTa im saxeobebSi, romelTa
bunebrivi `SeiaraReba~ iZleva saSualebas advilad moklas sakuTari sa-
xeobis warmomadgenlebi (upirveles yovlisa es exeba mtaceblebs), Sida-
saxeobrivi agresia limitirebulia garkveuli memkvidrulad pirobade-
buli meqanizmebiT. es ase rom ar iyos – aRniSnavs lorenci – isini Zalian
maleve amowyvetdnen erTmaneTs. cudad `SeiaraRebul~ saxeobebSi aRniS-
nuli meqanizmi ar funqcionirebs, radganac ar arsebobs is seleqciuri
zewola, romelic am akrZalvebis Camoyalibebas gamoiwvevs. es imitom
xdeba, rom bunebriv pirobebSi minimaluria albaToba imisa, rom sustad
`SeiaraRebulma~ organizmebma erTmaneTi fizikurad gaanadguron (Lo-
renz 1994). adamianis msgavs maimunebsa da adamians lorenci, swored am
tipis saxeobebs miakuTvnebs. aqedan gamomdinareobs is mosazrebac, rom
radganac adamianis sxeulis arcerTi nawili ar warmoadgens mZlavr ia-
raRs, romliTac mas SeuZlia erTi dartymiT moklas didi zomis cxove-
li da filogenezuri TvalsazrisiT adamiani sakmaod uwyinari polifagi
organizmia (lorencis sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT `mas ara aqvs mtaceblis bu-
neba~), amitom mas evoluciurad ar Camouyalibda sxva adamianis mkvle-
lobis akrZalvis myari (fsiqologiuri) meqanizmebi.
gansxvavebulad afasebda problemas erix fromi. misi azriT, agresi-
is or formas (keTilTvisebian da avTvisebian) gansxvavebuli fiziolo-
giuri meqanizmebi udevs safuZvlad. Tanac Tuki keTilTvisebian agresi-
as adgili aqvs rogorc cxovelebSi, ise adamianSi – radganac mas adaptu-
ri xasiaTi gaaCnia, avTvisebiani agresia (e.w. kompensatoruli Zaladoba
da nekrofilia), mxolod adamianisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. am ukanas-
knelis wyaros igi Tavad adamianis arsebobis pirobebSi xedavda (Fromm
1994). sakuTar SedevrSi `Tavisuflebisagan gaqceva~ (Fromm 1990) fromi
destruqciulobis ZiriTad wyarod uZlurebasa da izolacias moixse-
65
niebs. gadavuxvevT ZiriTad Temas da SevniSnavT, rom am wignSi uaRresad

originaluradaa axsnili Tanamedrove adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
fsiqologiuri problemebi – evropis socialuri istoriisa da adamian-
Ta fsiqikis paraleluri Rrma analiziT.
fromi kargad acnobierebda im faqts, rom adamianis istoria gar-
kveulwilad omebis istoriaa, da rom kacobriobis istoriaSi mraval-
jer yofila mizanmimarTuli sisastike da destruqcia. igi Tvlida, rom
mkvlelobisaken, rogorc TviTmiznisaken, miswrafeba da am procesisgan
siamovnebis miReba, mxolod adamianisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. lo-
rencisagan gansxvavebiT fromi adamianis aseT `hiperagresiulobas~ (Se-
udareblad Zliers vidre sxva ZuZumwovrebSi) adamianSi qcevis instin-
qturi bazis SeviwroebiT xsnida. fromis mixedviT faqtobrivad gamodis,
rom adamianis garemosTan adaptaciaSi genetikuri meqanizmebi rom iyos
wamyvani (rogorc es cxovelebSia), es faqti xels SeuSlida agresiulo-
bis mkveTr zrdas. rogorc vxedavT fromisa da lorencis Sexedulebe-
bi am sakiTxze praqtikulad urTierTsapirispiroa. fromi Tvlis, rom
adamiani cxovelebisagan gansxvavebiT Tavisive msgavss cnobs upirveles
yovlisa ara fizikuri parametrebiT (suniT, feriT, sxeulis formiT),
aramed ase vTqvaT fsiqologiuri momentebis – zne-Cveulebebisa da qce-
viTi paternebis wyalobiT (gavixsenoT, rom ara marto primitiul, ara-
med sakmaod ganviTarebul sazogadoebebSic, sxva eTnosis, religiisa Tu
rasis warmomadgenlebs xSirad adamianebad ar Tvlidnen). amitom, Sesaba-
misi instinqtis ararsebobis gamo, adamians sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli
`Zmobis SegrZneba~ (am terminis qveS vgulisxmobT imas, rom adamiani ar
aRiqvams yvela adamians, rogorc Tavis moZmes). zogjer ki ucxo individs
igi iseve aRiqvams, rogorc sxva biologiuri saxeobis warmomadgenels.
gamodis, rom Homo sapiens-is àraadamianurobis~ mizezia misi Homo sapi-
ens-oba. fromi agreTve iziarebs Zmebi raselebis mosazrebas imis Sesa-
xeb, rom agresiis gamomwvevi pirobebi cxovrebaSi adamians ufro xSirad
xvdeba, vidre es bunebriv pirobebSi myof cxovelebs (Fromm 1994).
miuxedavad adamianisa da cxovelTa agresiulobas Soris seriozu-
li sxvaobisa, SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom gansxvavebiT paTologiuri ag-
resiulobisagan TavdacviTi agresia adamianSic da cxovelebSic (ZuZum-
wovrebSi) msgavsi neironuli meqanizmebiT xorcieldeba. Tumca, fromis
azriT, erTi da igive neirofiziologiuri mowyobiloba, Homo Sapiens-Si
ufro mZlavr agresias iwvevs vidre sxva organizmebSi. amis mizezad av-
tori asaxelebs:
1) prognozirebis unarisa da sakuTari fantaziebis wyalobiT adamia-
ni, cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT, agresiulad reagirebs ara marto uSualo
safrTxeze, aramed – momavalSi mosalodnel safrTxezec. ufro zustad
66
Tavi 4. agresiis gansxvavebuli xasiaTi adamianebsa da cxovelebSi
rom vTqvaT, adamiani xSirad agresiul reaqcias iZleva Tavis sakuTar

prognozze.
2) adamiani sakmaod advilad marTvadi arsebaa (rac naTlad iqna naC-
venebi stenli milgremis brwyinvale eqsperimentebSi (ixileT, Milgram
1974)). es ki iZleva imis saSualebas, rom mas xelmZRvanelobdnen, arwmu-
nebdnen da manipulirebdnen misiT. amitom, calkeuli individebi da mTe-
li erebic ki, xSirad `xedaven~ (ufro swored anaxeben) safrTxes iq sadac
is ar aris.
3) adamianis agresiulobis zrdas, agreTve iwvevs Tavad adamianis yo-
fis specifikuroba. adamiani, cxovelis msgavsad avlens agresiul qce-
vas maSin, rodesac mis vitalur interesebs raime emuqreba. adamianis vi-
talur interesTa sfero Seudareblad ufro farToa vidre cxovelisa
da igi moicavs garda fizikurisa, mraval fsiqikur pirobebsac. iseTebs,
rogoricaa faseulobaTa da idealTa sakuTari sistema.
literaturaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT Teziss imis Sesaxeb, rom adamianis
paTologiuri agresiulobis analogi cxovelebSi ar arsebobs anu agre-
siuloba àgresiulobisTvis~ maTTvis ucnobia (Батуев 2002; Симонов 1986).
magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, adamianis msgavsad cxovelebSic gvxvde-
ba garkveuli saxis paTologiuri agresiuloba. gansakuTrebiT advilia
misi miReba, cxovelTa Sesabamisi nervuli centrebis stimulaciisas.
mag. hipoTalamusis rigi centrebis dazianebisas virTagvebi ganagrZoben
mkvdar Tagvze, xis nafotze da sxva msgavs obieqtebze Tavdasxmas. ro-
gorc ukve araerTxel aRvniSneT, gansakuTrebiT xSirad, aseTi paTolo-
giuri agresiuloba gxvdeba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi an zogjer, adreu-
li ontogenezidan socialurad izolirebul organizmebSi (Wahlstrand da
T.a. 1983). amis mizezad mkvlevarebs miaCniaT, cxovelis gamocdilebaSi
ara marto Sidasaxeobrivi kontaqtebis deficiti (Tumca es ukanaskneli
– mTavaria), aramed garemos sxvadasxva faqtorebTan urTierTobis arar-
sebobac. es aRaribebs cxovelis perceptualur gamocdilebas (Боковин,
Петров 1992). ukanasknel wlebSi kudriavcevas laboratoriaSi naCvenebi
iqna, rom agonistur SetakebebSi mravaljer gamarjvebul Tagvebs swo-
red, rom paTologiuri agresiuloba uyalibdebaT. aseTi individebi
agonisturi Setakebis dros, normaluri Tagvebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar
wyveten Setevas damarcxebuli cxovelis mier damorCilebuli pozis mi-
Rebis Semdegac (Кудрявцева 2004).
mravali mkvlevaris azriT, cxovelTa agresiis aRniSnuli forma,
cotaTi mainc hgavs adamianebSi fsiqikuri daavadebebis dros gamovle-
nil agresias. aseTi agresiac naklebad emorCileba Sesabamisi signale-
bis kontrols. rogorc cnobilia, adamianSi momatebuli agresiuloba
xSirad vlindeba fsiqopaTiebis, sxvadasxva nevrotuli mdgomareobebis
67
(isteriuli nevrozi, panikuri Seteva da sxva), fsiqikuri (Sizofrenia,

maniakalur-depresiuli fsiqozi, epilepsia) da somaturi (Saqriani di-
abeti, hipertonuli daavadeba, avTvisebiani simsivneebi da sxv.) daavade-
bebis dros (Бутома 1992; Вейн da T.a. 1997). Tumca, aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom
arc erTi am daavadebis klinikuri suraTisTvis agresia ar warmoadgens
aucilebel simptoms.
mkvlevarTa umravlesobis azriT, fsiqopaTiis gansazRvrebaSi wam-
yvani adgili uWiravs individis agresiulobis momentis fiqsacias. ro-
gorc inglisis fsiqikuri janmrTelobis aqtSia miTiTebuli, fsiqopa-
Tia – `fsiqikis myari darRvevaa, romelic vlindeba aranormalur agre-
siulobasa da sruliad upasuxismgeblo qcevaSi~ (cit. Гульдан 1986 mixed-
viT). agresia am konteqstSi (rogorc hetero-, ise autoagresia) socia-
luri dezadaptaciis aRmniSvnelia (Бутома 1992).
moWarbebuli agresia mizezia fsiqopatTa kriminaluri qcevisa. usax-
lkaroebis, damnaSaveebis (rogorc srulwlovani, ise arasrulwlovani)
da fsiqoaqtiuri preparatebis momxmarebelTa sxvadasxva jgufebis Ses-
wavlam aCvena, rom maT wevrTa saerTo raodenobis 15-20%-dan 90%-mde,
DSM-III-R, DSM-IV da ICD-10 kriteriumebis mixedviT SeiZleba daisvas pi-
rovnebis aSlilobis esa Tu is diagnozi (Feitel da T.a. 1992; Hare 1995; Rogers,
Dion 1991; Simonian da T.a. 1991; Svrakic & McCallum 1991).
aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, asocialuri pirovnebis fenomenic – anomalia,
romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli destruqciuli da autodestruqci-
uli xasiaTis agresiasTan da kriminalur aqtivobasTan (Cadoret & Stewart
1991).
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, fsiqopatTa da fsiqikurad daavadebul pir-
Ta agresiulobis Seswavla uaRresad sainteresoa – is mainc (miuxedavad
imasa, Tu ras fiqrobs am sakiTxze mravali mkvlevari) wminda adamianuri
fenomenia!
68
Tavi 5
agresia da adaptacia
evoluciis procesSi warmoSobili da ganviTarebuli nebismieri qce-

va garkveul upiratesobas aZlevs mis mflobels, Tumca igi garkveuli
fasis gadaxdasTanac aris dakavSirebuli. bunebrivi gadarCeva myarad
daamkvidrebs im tipis qcevas, romelSic zemoT aRniSnuli upiratesoba
metia mis fasze (Maxson & Canastar 2006). am TvalsazrisiT, nebismieri evo-
luciurad damkvidrebuli qceva adaptaciuri funqciis matarebelia. ama
Tu im qcevis adaptaciuri funqciis cneba – mocemuli qcevis organiz-
mis garemosTan Seguebis procesSi monawileobas aRniSnavs. am mxriv, arc
agresiuli qcevaa gamonaklisi. Tumca, aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom
mravali avtori saubrobs agresiis dezadaptaciur rolze. am sakiTxis
ganxilvas Cven specialur qveTavsac mivuZRvniT. magram jer gvinda ag-
resiis adaptaciur rolze visaubroT. Cveni azriT, agresias gaaCnia Sem-
degi sami saxis adaptaciis funqcia: qceviTi, fsiqologiuri (es forma,
albaT, mxolod adamianSi gxvdeba) da fiziologiuri. adaptaciis pirvel
or formas da agresiis dezadaptaciur rols, mocemuli Tavis qveTaveb-
Si ganvixilavT. magram, radganac agresiasTan mimarTebaSi fiziologiu-
ri adaptaciis cneba, literaturaSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs, amitom,
mis dasasabuTeblad garkveuli masalis (rogorc sakuTari, ise litera-
turulis) analizi dagvWirdeba da masze mxolod wignis boloSi visaub-
rebT.
5.1. agresiis eTologiuri adaptaciis funqcia
terminSi èTologiuri adaptacia~ igulisxmeba organizmis unari ama

Tu im qcevis saSualebiT Seeguos garemos, SeinarConos da/an gazardos
kidec garemosadmi sakuTari Seguebis xarisxi, rac yvela miRebuli sa-
Wiro resursis raodenobis zrdaSi (an SenarCunebaSi mainc) gamoixateba.
zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, adamianis SemTxvevaSi misi analogi soci-
aluri adaptaciaa. Cven vfiqrobT, rom adamianis socialuri adaptacia
eTologiuri adaptaciis mxolod nawilia da amitom Homo Sapiens-Tan mi-
69
marTebaSic ZiriTadad gamoviyenebT mocemuli Tavis saTaurSi moyvanil

– ufro zogad termins – eTologiuri (qceviTi) adaptacia.
samecniero literaturaSi sakmaod bevrgan aris aRniSnuli agresiis
adaptaciuri roli. zogan aRniSnulia agreTve, rom mas gaaCnia adaptaci-
uri funqciebis `farTo diapazoni~ (Soma da T.a. 2008). Tumca, literatu-
ris udides nawilSi, am `farTo diapazonidan~ agresiis mxolod da mxo-
lod eTologiuri adapataciis fuqciaze aris saubari.
ufro detalurad ganvixiloT igi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, faqtobrivad agresia (rogorc aqtiurobis erT-
erTi forma) warmoadgens garemos sakuTari moTxovnilebebisadmi da-
morCilebisa da Seguebis saSualebas (Колосова 2006). eTologiis erT-er-
Ti fuZemdeblis konrad lorencis azriT, agresias cxovelTa samyaroSi
sami ZiriTadi funqcia gaaCnia: organizmTa ganawileba sasicocxlo siv-
rceSi (erTgvari analogi darviniseuli bunebrivi gadarCevisa), turni-
rebSi maTi gadarCeva (sqesobrivi gadarCevis analogi) da STamomavlobis
dacva (Lorenz 1994). Tumca avtoris azriT amiT agresiis funqciaTa sia ar
ifargleba. socialur cxovelebSi ierarqiuli struqturebis warmoq-
mnaSi, swored agresias gaaCnia centraluri roli. msgavs mosazrebas ga-
moTqvams meore udidesi etologi – nik tinbergenic (Tinbergen 1993). sxva
avtorebic igive funqciebs aniWeben agresiul qcevas, ubralod maT or
ZiriTad nawilad yofen: individis dacvis (sakvebi resursis daufleba,
mtaceblebisagan Tavdacva da sxva) da saxeobis dacvis (mdedris daufle-
ba da sxva) (Giammanco da T.a. 2005).
mosazreba agresiaze, rogorc organizmTa evoluciis dros warmoSo-
bil damcvelobiT, adaptaciuri funqciis mqone qcevaze – didi xania rac
Camoyalibda, literaturaSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli da praqtiku-
lad dadgenil faqtad iTvleba (Archer & Coyne 2005; Daly & Wilson 1994). am
ideas adasturebs mravali faqti. maT Soris iseTic, rogoricaa cxove-
lebSi agresiulobis zrda sakvebisa da sxva resursebis deficitis dros
(Book da T.a. 2001).
sakmaod kargadaa Seswavlili reproduqciuli warmateba dominant
da damorCilebul mamrebSi. mravalricxovan gamokvlevebSi nanaxi iqna,
rom mdedrebi, rogorc wesi, irCeven dominanturi statusis mqone mam-
rebs da es ukanasknelni ufro warmatebulad mravldebian vidre subdo-
minanti da damorCilebuli mamrebi (Evsikov da T.a. 1995).
hindes mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebis mixedviT, im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac deda uars ambobs sakuTar Svilebze SezRudul resursebze Zlieri
konkurenciis gamo, misi STamomavlobis is individebi, romlebic sxvebTan
SedarebiT maRali agresiulobiT gamoirCevian, momavalSi ufro maRali
redproduqciuli warmatebiT xasiaTdebian (cit. Belsky 2008 mixedviT).
70
Tavi 5. agresia da adaptacia
sakveb resursebTan mimarTebaSic ufro warmatebuli arian agresiu-

li mamrebi. mraval gamokvlevaSia dafiqsirebuli dadebiTi korelaciis
arseboba cxovelis ierarqiul rangsa da sxeulis wonas Soris (Евсиков da
T.a. 1999). Tumca, Cveni azriT, es faqti mxolod dominantTa SesaZleblo-
bebze (ikvebos ukeT da ufro xSirad) ki ar miuTiTebs, aramed SeiZleba
imazec migvaniSnebdes, rom swored didi zomis da wonis individebs aqvT
ufro maRali Sansi gaxdnen dominantebi.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi ram faqtia: populaciaSi myari ierarqiis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi damorCilebul cxovelTa sikvdilianoba mniSvne-
lovnad aRemateba analogiur parametrs dominantebSi (Blanchard da T.a.
1993).
literaturaSi xazgasmulia agresiuli qcevis umniSvnelovanesi ro-
li resursebis dacvis saqmeSi (Garcia & Arroyo 2002; Stamps & Krishnan 1997),
wyvilis Ziebisas konkureciis dros (Hagelin 2002; Hill da T.a. 1999), sakvebis
mopovebisas (Riechert 1993) da mravali sxva mdgomareobis dros (Duckworth
2006). aRniSnulia isic, rom agresiis warmoSoba, rogorc wesi, ukavSirde-
ba iseT garemoebebs, romlis drosac agresias adaptaciuri roli gaaCnia
(Blanchard da T.a. 2003).
aseve cnobilia, rom socialuri dominireba uzrunvelyofs priori-
tets nebismieri saxis, pirvel rigSi – SezRuduli da lokalizebuli re-
sursebis miRebaSi (Craig 1986; Mazur & Booth 1998). socialuri dominirebis
fenomenidan gadavideT adamianSi agresiis eTologiur funqciaze.
devid maiersis sayovelTaod cnobil `socialur fsiqologiaSi~
agresia ganmartebulia, rogorc warsulSi adaptaciuri funqciis mqo-
ne movlena, romlis arsic sakvebis ukeT mopovebaSi, mtrebisagan ukeT
Tavdacvasa da seqsualuri partniorebis Ralatisagan met daculobaSi
mdgomareoda (Myers 2004). avtoris azriT, agresiis adaptaciur mniSvne-
lobaze miuTiTebs agreTve is faqti, rom bevr industriamdel sazoga-
doebaSi meomrebs maRali socialuri statusi da reproduqciuli warma-
teba gaaCndaT. agresiis cnobili mkvlevari jon arCeri, aseve evoluci-
uri TvalsazrisiT ganixilavs agresiis funqcias da aRniSnavs mis rols
organizmebis ukeTes formaSi yofnis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi, resur-
sebze gazrdili misawvdomobis gziT (Archer & Coyne 2005).
leonard berkovici eTanxmeba sxva mkvlevarebs da Tvlis, rom agre-
siul qcevas, garda sxvebisTvis zianis miyenebis funqciisa, gaaCnia sxva
individis iZulebisa da ufro metic, masze Zalauflebis mopovebis fun-
qciac (Berkowitz 2002). am TvalsazrisiT, dasmuli miznebis miRwevis Sem-
TxvevaSi, agresiuli qceva SeiZleba adaptur qcevad CavTvaloT. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, manam sanam TviTon mocemul individs ar Seeqmneba proble-
mebi sakuTari qcevis gamo (rasakvirvelia, Tu Seeqmneba aRniSnuli prob-
lemebi).
71
Tanamedrove mkvlevari-fsiqiatrebi ganixilaven agresias, rogorc

erT-erT umTavres biologiur funqcias, romelic apirobebs adamianis
unars mizanmimarTuli qcevisadmi (Бутома 1992; Корнилова 1994; Плотникова
1994; Усюкина, Кожемякин 1990) da maTi azriT masac adaptaciuri xasiaTi
gaaCnia (`Агрессия...~ 2004; Coudroglou 1996).
rogorc zemoT moyvanili mosazrebebidan Cans, agresiis adaptaciur
funqciaze saubrisas, mkvlevarebi ZiriTadad gulisxmoben organizmTa
unars Ria, daufaravi da fizikuri agresiiT (xolo populaciaSi myari
ierarqiis Camoyalibebis Semdeg ki – ritualizebuli agresiiT) miaRwi-
on TavianTi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas. magram arsebobs agresiis
iseTi formac, romelic ar moicavs fizikuri zianis miyenebas. aseT for-
mas – iribi agresia miekuTvneba (Archer & Coyne 2005). mocemul mkvlevarTa
azriT igi mxolod adamianisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da misi funqcia
mowinaaRmdegis reputaciis Selaxvas warmoadgens. reputaciis Selax-
vasTan dakavSirebuli agresiis warmoSobis saWiroeba imiT iyo gamowve-
uli, rom bevr sociumSi daufaravi da miTumetes, fizikuri zianis miye-
nebasTan dakavSirebuli agresia miuRebel qmedebas warmoadgens. ufro
metic, naCvenebi iqna, rom cxovelTa bevr saxeobebSic ki momatebuli im-
pulsuri agresiulobis mqone mamrebi sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi
ganidevnebian momwifebuli mdedrebis an mamrebis mier (Suomi 2005). msgav-
sad imisa, rasac xSirad hqonia adgili kacobriobis istoriaSi, rodesac
analogiuri mizezebis gamo adamianebi yofilan gaZevebuli Tavisi soci-
aluri jgufebidan (Ruff 2001). am mizezebis gamo, eTologiur adaptaciur
funqcias iribi agresia asrulebs, ase vTqvaT SefarviTi gziT.
rogorc vxedavT agresiul qcevas (igulisxmeba safrTxisa Tu gamow-
vevis adekvaturi, situaciuri agresiuli qceva), eTologiuri adapta-
ciis funqcia gaaCnia. Tanac rogorc cxovelebSi, ise adamianebSi. magram
amiT agresiis funqciebi ar amoiwureba.
5.2. agresiis fsiqologiuri adaptaciis funqcia
garda eTologiuri adaptaciuri funqciisa, rig situaciebSi, agre-

siuli qceva SeiZleba mogvevlinos, rogorc fsiqologiuri damcvelo-
biTi meqanizmebis muSaobis Sedegi. Tanamedrove fsiqologiasa da fsiqi-
atriaSi fsiqologiuri dacva – aracnobieris doneze moqmed im fsiqikur
meqanizmTa erTobliobaa, romelTa funqcia SfoTis SemcirebaSi, guneba-
ganwyobisa da TviTSefasebis aRdgenasa da gaumjobesebaSi mdgomareobs
(Безносюк, Соколова 1997). veTanxmebiT ra moyvanil definicias, amitom am
termins swored am SinaarsiT gamoviyenebT.
72
unda aRvniSnoT, rom zogierTi mkvlevari xmarobs termins `fsiqiku-

ri adaptacia~, fsiqologiuri adaptaciis nacvlad (Сандомирский 2001).
Tumca, msoflioSi wamyvan, inglisurenovan samecniero literaturaSi,
ufro xSirad, swored es ukanaskneli gamoiyeneba (psychological adaptation).
fsiqologiuri dacvis cnebis ganmartebidan gamomdinare naTelia,
rom am saxis funqcia mxolod adamianis prerogativaa da cxovelebisaT-
vis igi ar unda iyos damaxasiaTebeli. Tumca, misi uaRresad primitiuli
analogis saxiT, SesaZlebelia, cxovelebsac gaaCndeT (amaze cotaTi qve-
moT).
unda aRvniSnoT, rom fsiqologiuri dacvis meqanizmebi moqmedeben
gaucnobiereblad da es warmoadgens maT mTavar damaxasiaTebel niSans.
Tavad termini `dacva~ fsiqikasTan mimarTebaSi pirvelad gamoyenebuli
iqna zigmund froidis mier, magram am Teoriis CamoyalibebaSi didi ro-
li ekuTvnis mis Svils – ana froids (Freud 2003). fsiqologiuri dacvis
funqcias warmoadgens pirovnebis cnobierebis ekranireba negatiuri,
individis matravmirebeli gancdebisagan. bunebrivia, rom fsiqologi-
uri dacvis aucilebloba, rogorc motivi, SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli
agresiuli qcevis gasamarTleblad. Tumca, Camoyalibebuli pirovnebis
SemTxvevaSi, igive meqanizmebs ZaluZT agresiuli qcevis gamovlinebis
prevencia an Semcireba (`Агрессия...~ 2004).
fsiqologiuri dacvis meqanizmebi mravalgvaria. ana froids Tavis
cnobil naSromSi `me-s fsiqologia da damcavi meqanizmebi~ (Freud 2003)
mohyavs 10 aseTi meqanizmi. sxva mkvlevarebTan maTi sia kidev ufro grZe-
lia, xolo daavadebaTa klasifikaciis amerikul sistemaSi – DSM-III-R
moyvanilia 18 aseTi meqanizmi (cit. Кубасов da T.a. 1999 mixedviT). mraval-
gvaria am meqanizmTa klasifikaciac. Cveni monografiis Tematikidan ga-
momdinare, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa maTi dayofa or tipad: gaqcevas-
Tan da ukandaxevasTan, Tavdasxmasa da SetevasTan dakavSirebul meqaniz-
mebad (Безносюк, Соколова 1997).
SevecadoT mokled ganvixiloT fsiqologiuri dacvis is ZiriTadi
meqanizmebi, romlebic agresiis fenomenTan arian garkveul SexebaSi. ra-
sakvirvelia, TiToeuli am meqanizmTagani apirobebs rogorc agresiul,
aseve sxva tipis qcevasac, magram am TavSi, mxolod agresiasTan mimarTe-
baSi myof reaqciebs ganvixilavT. rasakvirvelia, arsebobs fsiqologiu-
ri dacvis sxva meqanizmebic, magram maTze am wignSi ar gveqneba saubari.
regresia. igi warmoadgens individis dabrunebas ontogenezurad
ufro adrindeli, infantiluri pirovnuli reaqciebisadmi. SfoTis Sem-
cireba am dros miiRweva realisturi qcevidan im saxis qcevaSi wasvliT,
romelic winaT dakavSirebuli iyo SfoTis SemcirebasTan. kargad adap-
tirebuli adamianebic ki zogjer gaurbian problemebs Semdegi gziT:
73
bevrs Wamen, masturbireben, afuWeben sxvadasxva sagnebs, iWamen frCxi-

lebs, iCiCqnian cxvirs, Zalian Cqara dahyavT manqana da sxva (Frager & Fa-
diman 2005). aseve aRniSvnis Rirsia is, rom konfliqtur siatuaciebSi am
tipis reagirebam adamiani SeiZleba advilad `gadaiyvanos~ fizikur ag-
resiaze, Tuki mocemul individs problemis gadaWris aseTi gza odesme
daxmarebia. rogorc vxedavT, regresia aRaribebs subieqtis qceviT re-
pertuars da natif reaqciebs martivi da gamocdili reaqciebiT cvlis.
kompensacia. igi warmoadgens individis intensiur mcdelobas gamo-
asworos Tavisi realuri Tu warmosaxviTi fizikuri an fsiqikuri aras-
rulfasovneba. mocemuli individi xSirad cdilobs Tavisi sisuste erT
sferoSi, Seavsos `miRwevebiT~ sxva sferoebSi. am mdgomareobis sailus-
traciod Semdegi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba: cnobilia, rom ymawvili
romelic sakuTar TavSi ar aris darwmunebuli, xSirad iwyebs agresiuli
qcevis demonstrirebas.
kompensaciis meqanizmi gansakuTrebiT xSirad realizdeba fizikuri
defeqtebis mqone mozardebSi. miTumetes, Tu am defeqtis gamo maT Ta-
natolebi dascinian. am asakSi ki adamiani bevrad ufro mgrZnobiarea da-
cinvisadmi. aseT SemTxvevaSi irTveba kompensaciis reaqcia da mozardi
cdilobs sxva sferoSi realizdes. Tu es ar gamosdis, yalibdeba gansa-
kuTrebuli tipis qceva, romelic negativizmsa da garSemomyofebisadmi
agresiul damokidebulebaSi gamoixateba. eyreba bunts safuZveli.
reaqtiuli warmonaqmni (hiperkompensacia). igi warmoadgens me-
qanizms, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba miuRebeli survilebis (maT Soris
agresiulis) gamovlenis Tavidan acileba, am survilebis sawinaaRmdego
ganwyobisa da qcevis formebis ganviTarebis gziT. am fenomenis damaxasi-
aTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens – gadametebuloba da eqstravagantuloba.
fsiqoanalitikosTa azriT, reaqtiuli warmodgenis elementebis danaxva
SesaZlebelia yvela saxis gadametebul qcevaSi (`Агрессия...~ 2004). miuxe-
davad imisa, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi es qceva dakavSirebulia agresiu-
lobis SemcirebasTan, zogjer igi SeiZleba iyos mZafri agresiis wyaroc.
gansakuTrebiT, es im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, rodesac pirovneba ga-
ucnobiereblad ebrZvis sakuTar SiSebs. am dros hiperkompensaciis me-
qanizmis saSualebiT, es adamianebi `gadaiqcevian~ uaRresad agresiul,
yovelgvari SiSisagan `Tavisufal~ adamianebad, romlebsac surT Tavisi
uSiSroba daumtkicon garSemomyofebs.
Canacvleba. igi warmoadgens negatiuri emociebis gadatanis reaq-
cias realuri obieqtidan ufro usafrTxo obieqtze. igi aZlevs saSua-
lebas adamians ganimuxtos im organizmebze (adamianebze, cxovelebze),
romlebsac ar ZaluZT iseTive efeqturi pasuxi gascen mas, rogorc amas
gaakeTebda is vinc es negatiuri emociebi gamoiwvia (mag. Sefi samsaxurSi,
74
fizikurad ufro Zlieri nacnobi da sxva). zigmund froidi am meqanizms

aracnobieris bazisur meqanizmad Tvlida. am mosazrebis dasasabuTeb-
lad, fsiqoanalitikuri midgomisTvis cotaTi `Seuferebeli~ – instru-
mentuli midgomiT Sesrulebuli kvleva minda moviyvano. saubaria l.
berkovicis da Tanaavtorebis eqsperimentze sadac mowmdeboda streso-
ruli faqtorebis zemoqmedebis xasiaTi cdispirebis mier `gamoweril~
jildoebsa da dasjebze. aRmoCnda, rom pirebi, romlebzec stresorebi
(am konkretul eqsperimentSi stresi gamowveuli iyo dabali temperatu-
ris mqone wylis avzSi xelis CayofiT) moqmedeben da Sesabamisad, cotaTi
gaRizianebulni iyvnen, ufro naklebad ajildoebdnen da metad sjidnen
Sesrulebul samuSaoSi daSvebuli Secdomebis gamo sruliad neitra-
lur pirebs (anu pirebs, romlebsac maTTvis araferi dauSavebiaT), vidre
cdispirebi, romlebic usiamovno zemoqmedebis qveS ar imyofebodnen (am
ukanasknelebs xeli sxeulis temperaturis mqone Tbil wyalSi hqondaT
Cayofili). aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Sedegebi ixileT suraTze 5.2.1. am
gamokvlevaSi calsaxad iqna naCvenebi, rom eqsperimentatoris TanaSem-
wis mier ganrisxebuli cdispirebi ufro intensiurad sjidnen eqsperi-
mentSi monawile yvela personas miuxedavad imisa, dauSaves cdispirs ra-
ime Tu ara (Berkowitz 2002).
sur. 5.2.1. cdispirTa mier sxva cdispirTaTvis daniSnul jildoTa

da dasjaTa raodenoba (Berkowitz 2002)
75
proeqcia. es mdgomareoba sakuTari miuRebeli emociuri ganwyobis

gaucnobierebel uaryofasa da sxvebisadmi mis miweras (proeqcias) war-
moadgens (Frager & Fadiman 2005). am dros individs marTla hgonia, rom mis
mimarT sxva adamianebs gaaCniaT uaryofiTi azrebi Tu agresiuli mizne-
bi. amis gamo, mocemuli individi SeiZleba `prevenciuli~ miznebis gamo
Tavad gaxdes konfliqtis iniciatori.
racionalizacia. mocemuli meqanizmis moqmedeba gamoixateba ima-
Si, rom adamiani TviTgamarTlebis mizniT cdilobs misces cru axsna sa-
kuTar miuRebel saqcielsa da moTxovnilebebs. am saxis fsiqologiuri
dacvis dros azrovnebis procesi gamoiyeneba informaciis mxolod na-
wilis damuSavebaSi im mizniT, rom kargad iqnas dasabuTebuli indivi-
dis mier situaciis kontrolis `faqti~. am dros situaciis miuRebeli
nawili ki gamoidevneba cnobierebidan. aseTi dacva xSirad xorcieldeba
sakuTari agresiuli motivebis da qcevis fsevdoracionaluri argumen-
tebiT axsnis mizniT. racionalizaciis SesaniSnavi magaliTi moyvanilia
ezopes cnobil igavSi meliaze, romelic ver Seswvda yurZens da amitom
sakuTari Tavi daawynara imiT, rom yurZeni jer moumwifebeli iyo da
amitom mJave iqneboda. am meTodis gamoyenebiT adamians SeuZlia gaamar-
Tlos Tavisi nebismieri agresiuli qmedeba.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Cven mier zemoT ganxiluli meqanizmebis
garda kidev arsebobs sxva, aranaklebad saintereso formebi, romleb-
zec Cven ar gvisaubria. ubralod SevniSnavT, rom yvela es meqanizmi (aq
ganxilulic da arganxilulic) individis garSemo arsebuli situaciis
WeSmariti suraTis erTgvar deformacias axdens da am TvalsazrisiT, ne-
bismier maTgans SeuZlia gaxdes agresiuli qcevis wyaro.
unda iTqvas, rom fsiqologiuri dacvis meqanizmebis wyalobiT indi-
vidi mxolod fsiqologiur diskomforts ixsnis da arsebuli problemis
realur gadaWras ver axorcielebs (Киршбаум, Еремеева 2000). swored es
principuli sxvaoba arsebobs eTologiur da fsiqologiur adaptacias
Soris.
rodesac Cven vsaubrobT erTi da igive movlenis (agresiis) unarze
uzrunvelyos rogorc qceviTi, ise fsiqologiuri adaptacia, es ar niS-
navs imas, rom agresiul qcevasTan dakavSirebul nebismier situaciaSi
orive komponenti iqneba CarTuli. zogierT konkretul situaciaSi Se-
iZleba orive adaptaciuri meqanizmi muSaobdes, zogierTSi – erT-erTi,
zogjer ki piriqiT – orive komponentma SeiZleba individis realuri in-
teresebis winaaRmdeg imuSaos, rac ukve dezadaptaciis procesis maniS-
nebelia.
fsiqologiuri dacvis am fenomenTa fiziologiuri meqanizmebis sa-
intereso axsna SemogvTavaza e. kostandovma. mkvlevaris azriT, uaryo-
76
fiTi emociuri gancdebi Tavis tvinis qerqSi ayalibeben myar refleq-

torul kavSirebs. es ki zrdis mgrZnobelobis zRurbls da amuxruWebs
uaryofiTi niSnis movlenebTan dakavSirebul signalebs, uSlis ra amiT
xels maT gacnobierebas. gaucnobierebel stimulebs Soris arsebuli
droiTi kavSirebi SesaZlebelia dafiqsirdnen grZelvadian mexsierebaSi
(`Агрессия...~ 2004).
mocemuli qveTavSi, agresiis fsiqologiuri adaptaciuri funqcia
Cven fsiqoanalitikuri midgomis gamoyenebiT ganvixileT. amis mizezi
is iyo, rom Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi sakmaod popularuli termini
`fsiqologiuri dacva~ fsiqoanalitikuri literaturidan Semosuls
warmoadgens da, radganac es termini vaxseneT, mis ganmapirobebel fsi-
qologiur meqanizmebzec visaubrebT. fsiqoanaliziT, rom ar dagvewyo
am Temis ganxilva, agresiis fsiqologiur adaptaciur funqciaze sau-
bars instrumentuli kvlevis meTodebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaoebidan
daviwyebdiT. swored, maTze gveqneba axla saubari.
rogorc wina qveTavSi aRvniSneT, agresiis erT-erTi funqciaa sxve-
bisTvis zianis miyeneba. zogierTi individi am procesisgan siamovnebas
iRebs. l. berkovici Tvlida, rom Tavad emociuri agresiis cnebac im
faqtis gamoxatulebaa, rom agresiuli aqtis Cadenisas adamiani iRebs
garkveul siamovnebas. misi azriT, sxvebisTvis zianis miyenebiT indivi-
di erTgvar fsiqologiur jildos iRebs. ufro metic, es aqti maTi dep-
resiuli mdgomareobidan gamoyvanis mizezadac SeiZleba iqces (Berkowitz
2002). avtoris azriT, garda amisa, agresiis saSualebiT dasaxuli mizne-
bis permanentul miRwevas individi miyavs im mdgomareobamde, rom mas uk-
ve Tavad agresiis faqti miaCnia sasiamovnod. Sedegad, aseTi adamianebi
axorcieleben Setevas maSinac ki, rodesac sulac ar arian agznebulni.
berkovici Tvlis, rom am tipis qceva sazogadoebaSi bevrad ufro far-
Tod aris gavrcelebuli vidre es adamianebs SeiZleba egonoT.
imis dasadastureblad, rom es marTlac asea da am saxis motivi Se-
iZleba amoZravebdes ara marto paTologiur tipebs aramed Cveulebriv
adamianebsac ki, beronisa da Tanaavtorebis mier Catarebuli da Cven mir
ukve moyvanili, saintereso eqsperimenti gamodgeba (Baron & Richardson
2004). rogorc aRvniSneT, eqsperimentis dasawyisSi monawile cdispirebs
uyvebodnen kvlevis cru miznis Sesaxeb. Semdeg eqsperimentatoris Ta-
naSemwe cdispirTa naxevars specialurad aRizianebda. yvela cdispirs
saSualeba hqonda eleqtrodenis dartymiT 10-jer daesaja aRniSnuli
piri, viTomda mis mier davalebis Sesrulebisas daSvebuli Secdomebis
gamo. mniSvnelovani detali iyo is, rom cdispirs SeeZlo daenaxa mricx-
veli, romelic viTomda uCvenebda rogor Zlier tkivils ganicdida eq-
sperimentatoris TanaSemwe yoveli eleqtrodartymisas (sinamdvileSi,
77
TanaSemwe Segnebulad uSvebda Secdomebs, xolo eleqtruli dartymis

Sesaxeb informacia, rogorc yvela am saxis cdebSi, falsificirebuli
iyo). eqsperimentis mizans warmoadgenda imis dadgena Tu rogor reagi-
rebdnen `gabrazebuli~ da àragabrazebuli~ cdispirebi informacia-
ze msxverplisTvis miyenebuli tkivilis Sesaxeb. mocemuli kvlevis Zi-
riTadi Sedegebi moyvanilia suraTze 2.1. rogorc vxedavT informacia
tkivilis Sesaxeb aragabrazebul adamianebSi amcirebda maT mier miyene-
bul dartymaTa intensivobas (beronis TqmiT es adamianebi Tavs cudad
grZnobdnen, rodesac tkivilze informacias iRebdnen), xolo gabraze-
bulebSi ki – piriqiT zrdida mas. es ukanasknelni, iyvnen ra provocire-
buli im pirTa mier visac axla sjidnen, tkivilze informaciis miRebis-
Tanave aZlierebdnen eleqtrodartymebis intensivobas (Baron & Richar-
dson 2004). gana es ar niSnavs imas, rom isini siamovnebas iReben sxvisTvis
tkivilis miyenebiT?
maSasadame, garda zemoT aRwerili, TavdacviTi, fizikuri gadarCe-
nis, aseve garkveuli fsiqologiuri problemebis moxsnis da msgavsi fun-
qciebisa, agresias gaaCnia pozitiuri emociuri ganwyobis Seqmnis fun-
qciac. es ukanaskneli, rogorc Cans, agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebisa
da sxvisi damarcxebis, sxvisTvis tkivilis miyenebisa da misi damcirebis-
gan miRebuli siamovnebis, agreTve ama Tu im resursis flobisa da domi-
nirebis faqtisagan miRebul pozitiur emociebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
rasakvirvelia, aseT emociebs, mxolod subieqtis TvalsazrisiT SeiZle-
ba ewodos pozitiuri.
Cveni monografiis im nawilSi, romelic agresiis klasifikaciis prin-
cipebisadmi iyo miZRvnili, ukve gvqonda saubari imaze, rom agresiis
erT-erT mizezs SesaZlebelia warmoadgendes is pozitiuri emociebi,
romelic Tans sdevs agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebasa Tu dominire-
bas. Cven garda, am mosazrebas mravali sxva avtoric iziarebs (ixileT
mag. Burghardt 2004; Ingle 2004). am mizezebiT gamowveuli agresia Cven, agre-
siis calke formadac ki CavTvaleT. Tumca, SevniSnavT, rom am saxis moti-
vacia, SesaZlebelia, moqmedebdes sxva mizezebiT gamowveuli agresiuli
qcevis (mag. TavdacviTi) drosac, xolo permanentuli gamarjvebebis pi-
robebSi ki siamovnebis miReba, agresiuli qcevis ganxorcielebis mTavar
motivadac ki iqces.
rogorc Cans, pozitiuri emociebis miRebis motivi agresiuli qcevis
dros, SesaZlebelia axasiaTebs cxovelebsac. amaze metyvelebs mravali
gamokvleva. Cven ukve vaxseneT n. kudriavcevas gamokvlevebi (Кудрявцева
2004). axla jon knutsonis da misi TanamSromlebis saintereso gamokvle-
vebs gvinda mivaqcioT mkiTxvelis yuradReba. maT mier naCvenebi iqna,
rom Tuki eleqtroSokis zemoqmedebiT ganviTarebuli virTagvebis ur-
78
TierTSetakebebis dawyebidan maleve, eqsperimentatori wyvetda eleq-

troSoks, virTagvebi SemdgomSi eleqtruli dartymebis miRebisas, uf-
ro agresiulni xdebodnen. rogorc Cans, virTagvebi Tvlidnen, rom agre-
sia ànazRaurebda~ Tavis Tavs – amcirebda ra tkivils imiT, rom wyvetda
eleqtroSoks. aseTi uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba SemgomSi, rodesac maTze
isev moqmedebdnen eleqtroSokiT – aZlierebda agresias (cit. Berkowitz
2002 mixedviT). es yovelive kargad jdeba agresiis, rogorc damcvelobi-
Ti fenomenis ganmartebaSi. knutsonis mier aRwerili eqsperimentis sxva
variantSi, virTagvebi eleqtroSokis zemoqmedebiT isev iwyebdnen brZo-
las, magram amjerad eqsperimentatori ar wyvetda tkiviliT stimulaci-
as. am SemTxvevaSic, eleqtroSokis Semdgomi moqmedebisas, cxovelTa ag-
resiulobam moimata, Tumca, am agresiiT isini ver wyvetdnen mtkivneul
eleqtrul zemoqmedebas. aRniSnuli cdebis komentirebisas l. berkovi-
ci askvnis, rom ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, virTagvebis qceva ganicdis ukve
dadebiT ganmtkicebas – msxverplze agresiuli Setevis SesaZleblobis
gziT (Berkowitz 2002).
es eqsperimentebic adastureben agresiuli qcevis udides mniSvne-
lobas individis fsiqologiuri wonasworobis aRdgenis saqmeSi.
axla ki visaubroT im gamokvlevebze sadac gaanalizebuli iyo agre-
siis fenomeni, adaptaciis cnebis farglebSi.
erT-erT gamokvlevaSi, romelic Catarda samxedro kursantebze,
nanaxi iqna, rom agresiulobis maRali indeqsi (Sefasebuli – basisa da
darkis kiTxvariT, hand-test saSualebiT) korelirebda da avtorTa azriT,
xelsac ki uwyobda am pirovnebaTa socialur-fsiqologiur adaptacias
(Sefasebuls – `socialur-fsiqologiuri adaptaciis~ kiTxvariT). ma-
Sin rodesac mtrulobis indeqsi, eWvianobis, danaSaulis SegrZnebisa da
gaRizianebadobis maxasiaTeblebi (Sefasebuli – basisa da darkis kiTx-
varis mixedviT), piriqiT, uaryofiTad korelirebdnen adaptaciasTan
(Васильева, Радишевская 2005). miRebuli Sedegebi sakmaod kargad eTanxmeba
im koncefcias, romlis mixedviTac mtruloba, wyena, eWvianoba, danaSau-
lis SegrZneba da aseve negativizmi (Tumca, mocemul kvlevaSi negativiz-
mi da wyena ar korelirebdnen uaryofiTad adaptaciis maxasiaTebleb-
Tan) autoagresiis gamomxatvel parametrebad iTvlebian da Sesabamisad,
maTi zrda organizmis dezadaptaciis mauwyebelia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom moyvanil kvlevaSi, terminSi ìndividis socia-
lur-fsiqologiuri adaptacia~ igulisxmeboda jgufisa da pirovnebis
iseTi urTierToba, romlis drosac es ukanaskneli xangrZlivi Sinagani
konfliqtebis gareSe produqtiulad asrulebda Tavis saqmes, axerxeb-
da sakuTari pirovnebis TviTdamkvidrebasa da SemoqmedebiTi potencia-
lis realizacias. agresiis adaptaciuri rolis (igulisxmeba socialur-
79
fsiqologiuri adaptacia) damadasturebeli statistikurad sarwmu-

no monacemebi, avtorTaTvis faqtobrivad miuRebeli aRmoCnda. amitom
maT, sakuTari faqtobrivi masalis logikis miuxedavad, aseT adaptaci-
as fsevdoadaptacia uwodes (Васильева, Радишевская 2005). rasakvirvelia,
Cven ar gvinda tolobis niSani davsvaT kvlevis statistikur da Sinaar-
sobriv mxares Soris da Sesabamisad ar vTvliT, rom korelacia mizez-Se-
degobrivi kavSiris sinonimia, magram mainc sagulisxmoa, rom mkvlevar-
TaTvisac ki sakmaod Znelia agresiis pozitiuri funqciis aRiareba (Cven
am Temis garSemo kidev gveqneba saubari).
am da wina qveTavebSi moyvanili monacemebi adastureben imas, rom ag-
resia, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT mainc (Tundac fsiqologiuri da eTo-
logiuri), SeiZleba gvevlinebodes pozitiuri rolis mqone fenomenad.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli individisaTvis pozitiuri rolis mqo-
ned. es daskvna, rasakvirvelia cxadia yvelasaTvis, albaT ukiduresi
pacifistebisa da humanistebis (ufro marTebuli iqneboda am terminis
brWyalebSi aReba) garda. Tanamedrove politkoreqtulobisTvis (am
terminis bolo wlebSi miRebuli gagebiT) agresiis pozitiuri roli non-
senss warmoadgens.
Semdeg qveTavSi ki gveqneba saubari agresiaze, rogorc individis de-
zadaptaciis gamovlenaze.
5.3. paTologiuri agresiuloba, rogorc organizmTa

dezadaptaciis niSani
wina qveTavebSi Cven ukve gavecaniT kvlevebs, sadac agresiis adapta-

ciur funqciasTan erTad aRniSnuli iyo misi (agresiis) zogierTi kompo-
nentis – mtrulobis, eWvis, danaSaulis SegrZnebis maRali maxasiaTeble-
bis organizmze damazianebeli moqmedeba. bevri avtori saerTod uaryofs
Tanamedrove adamianebSi agresiuli qcevisa da gansakuTrebiT ki – (maRa-
li)agresiulobis dadebiT, adaptaciur funqcias. ufro metic, warmod-
gena agresiaze, rogorc dezadaptaciur fenomenze ise myarad aris `gam-
jdari~ mkvlevarTa mentalobaSi, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom erT-erTi
mkvlevari sakuTari statiis dasawyisSi aRniSnavs imas, rom skolamdeli
asakis agresiuli bavSvebi ar avlenen raime sarwmuno sxvaobas fsiqikuri
funqciebis ganviTarebis mixedviT, ramodenime paragrafiT qvemoT ki –
agresiul qcevas bavSvTa dezadaptaciis gamovlenad (Tanac, yovelgvari
argumentaciis gareSe) miiCnevs (Колосова 2006). sxva avtorebi aRniSnaven,
rom Zaladobis Camden damnaSaveebSi SeiniSneba agresiasa da sxvadasxva
neirofsiqologiur darRvevebs Soris kavSiris arseboba (Wood & Liossi
2006). magram am kvlevis avtorebi am faqtis konstatirebas ar jerdebian
80
da ise warmoadgenen sakiTxs, rom TiTqosda momatebuli agresia nebismi-

er SemTxvevaSi (miuxedavad imisa, dakavSirebulia igi cns-is dazianebas-
Tan, Tu ara) dezadaptaciuri movlenaa.
gvinda SevniSnoT, rom am tipis statiebSi xSirad iyeneben termins so-
cialuri (an socialur-fsiqologiuri) adaptacia, romlis definiciac
moicavs individis mier socialuri rolis miRebas, rac garSemomyofTa
mimarT misi uflebebisa da movaleobebis reglamentacias apirobebs. so-
cialuri adaptaciis aseTi gageba Tavidanve gansazRvravs agresiisadmi
ara marto uaryofiT damokidebulebas (esa Tu is politikuri, religi-
uri Tu zneobrivi Sexedulebebi yoveli adamianis Tavisufali nebis ga-
moxatulebaa da am sferoSi SeWra mecnierebis kompetencia namdvilad
ar aris), aramed agresiisadmi, rogorc araadapturi fenomenisadmi mid-
gomas. arada, araadapturoba da asocialuroba, miuxedavad imisa, rom
adamiani socialur garemoSi arsebobs, erTi da igive namdvilad ar aris.
kerZod, ar unda daviviwyoT is, rom adamiani xSirad TviTon qmnis im ka-
nonebs, romliTac mis garSemo arsebuli mikrosociumi funqcionirebs.
aq mxolod diqtatorebze ki ar aris saubari, romelTa erTi brZanebac
ki sakmarisi iyo imisaTvis, rom milionobiT adamianis cxovreba radika-
lurad Secvliliyo, aramed saubaria `Cveulebriv~ adamianebze: ojaxis
mamebze, sxvadasxva xasiaTis formalur da araformalur liderebze,
romelTac ZaluZT Tavisi `kompetenciis~ sferoSi arsebuli struqtu-
rebi (sakuTari ojaxi, ubani, banda, dawesebuleba, seqta da sxva) sakuTa-
ri msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT acxovron. rasakvirvelia, es im SemTxve-
vaSi, Tuki aRniSnuli principebi radikalurad ar scdeba sazogadoebaSi
miRebuls. anu Cven imis Tqma gvinda, rom xSirad SeiZleba raRac far-
glebSi iyo asocialuri da amave dros iyo kargad adaptirebuli. qmari,
romelic mravali wlis (zogjer mTeli sicocxlis) ganmavlobaSi yovel-
dRiurad moralur Tu fizikur Seuracxyofas ayenebs sakuTar meuRles,
rasakvirvelia asocialuri elementia, magram igi sulac ar aris cudad
adaptirebuli, miTumetes Tuki morCilebis garda siamovnebasac iRebs am
procesidan. Tanac, ojaxis aseTi `mama~ aRniSnuli pozitiuri emociuri
stimulaciis gamo, SeiZleba samsaxurSi maRali SromiTi nayofierebiTac
ki xasiaTdebodes. igive SeiZleba iTqvas kriminalzec, romelic Tavisi
kriminaluri saqmianobidan (maT Soris agresiul danaSaulTan dakavSi-
rebuli) miRebuli Semosavlebis wyalobiT mdidrulad da wynarad cxov-
robs sadRac Soreul kunZulebze. sakuTari yofidan, masobrivi infor-
maciis saSualebebidan gagebuli bevri aseTi magaliTis moyvana aris Se-
saZlebeli.
miuxedavad amisa, literaturaSi mravladaa monacemebi agresiuli
qcevis dezadaptaciuri rolis Sesaxeb.
81
warmodgenebi agresiis dezadaptaciur funqciaze myarad aris dam-

kvidrebuli ara marto fsiqologiur, aramed zoologiur da anTropo-
logiur literaturaSic. Tanac, mas soliduri da sarwmuno empiriuli
baza gaaCnia. magaliTad, avtorTa mixedviT ufro intensiuri sagnobrivi
aqtivoba gxvdeba pongidTa (pongidTa ojaxSi Sedis 3 gvari: oranguta-
nis, Simpanzisa da gorilis) im jgufebSi, romlebSic individTa agresiu-
lobis done dabalia (cit. Хрисанфова, Перевозчиков 1991 mixedviT).
rogorc cnobilia, faqtobrivad agresia – garemos (populaciis, mik-
rosociumis, ubralod garSemomyofTa) individis moTxovnilebebisad-
mi damorCilebisa da Seguebis saSualebas warmoadgens (Колосова 2006).
logikuria vivaraudoT, rom im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac agresiis subieqti
iRebs garkveul preferenciebs aseTi tipis saqcielisagan, es qceva adap-
taciuri funqciis matarebelia, xolo iq sadac es ase ar xdeba, wina plan-
ze agresiis dezadaptaciuri, Tavad organizmisaTvis destruqciuli
komponentebi gamodian. zemoT moyvanili avtoris agresiisadmi calsa-
xad uaryofiTi damokidebulebis miuxedavad, swored am TvalsazrisiT
saubrobs igi skolamdeli asakis agresiuli bavSvebis dezadaptaciaze.
kerZod, mas mohyavs konkretuli parametrebi, romlebic am ukanasknel-
Ta dezadaptaciaze metyveleben – magaliTad, problemebi ufrosebTan
optimaluri urTierTobis damyarebaSi (Колосова 2006). arada aseTi kon-
taqtebi individis socializaciisaTvis Zalzed mniSvnelovania.
d. stotis dakvirvebaTa ruqis gamoyenebiT, agreTve dadgenil iqna
bavSvTa dezadaptaciis sxva gamovlinebebic. Tumca SevniSnavT, rom am
skalis mTeli rigi parametrebis (asocialuroba, mousvenroba, adreuli
sqesobrivi ganviTarebis niSnebis arseboba) dezadaptaciurad CaTvla
mkvlevarTa garkveuli winaswarganwyobiT aris gamowveuli da SesaZle-
belia, sruliadac ar metyvelebs adaptaciis gauaresebaze.
literaturis kritikuli analizis Semdeg ar gvinda mkiTxvels iseTi
STabeWdileba darCes TiTqos agresia yovelTvis adaptaciuri movlenaa.
arsebobs cneba araadekvaturi, arasituaciuri, paTologiuri agresiu-
lobis Sesaxeb.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tu agresia erTxel gamovlinda, igi auci-
leblad gameordeba (Moyer 1987). cxovelebze Catarebulma laboratori-
ulma kvlevebma anaxes, rom yoveldRiuri agresiuli qcevis gamocdile-
bam (rasakvirvelia, Tu igi Sejerebulia agonistur SetakebebSi permanen-
tul gamarjvebasTan), SeiZleba organizmi paTologiuri agresiulobis
Camoyalibebamde miiyvanos (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1997; Кудрявцева 2004). agresi-
ulobis paTologiuri xasiaTi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am SemTxvevaSi ag-
resias ukve araadekvaturi xasiaTi aqvs SeZenili. aseTi organizmi ganag-
rZobs Tavdasxmas damarcxebulze, miuxedavad imisa, rom am ukanasknelma
82
ukve miiRo morCilebis poza. normaSi am pozis miReba, rogorc wesi, am-
cirebs da wyvets gamarjvebulis agresias. literaturis mixedviT, agre-
siuli kontaqtis standartuli suraTi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: agre-
sori mamri Tavs esxmis msxverpls, garkveuli xnis ganmavlobaSi sdevnis
da kbens mas, sanam es ukanaskneli ar miiRebs morCilebis pozas. amis Sem-
deg misi agresia cxreba. Tumca SesaZlebelia sxvagvari suraTis arsebo-
bac, rodesac msxverpli ar wyvets sirbils an ufro metic, uwevs aqtiur
winaaRmdegobas (amis magaliTs vertikaluri da gverdiTi TavdacviTi
dgomebi warmoadgenen). es kidev ufro amZafrebs dominantis agresias.
Cven mier moyvanil SemTxvevaSi, rodesac agresia araadekvatur xasiaTs
iRebs, submisiuri cxovelis morCileba ver aCerebs dominantis agresias
(Кудрявцева da T.a. 1997). aseT dros saubroben mZlavri paTologiuri ag-
resiuli motivaciis arsebobaze, romelic Sedegia qronikuli agresiisa
da permanentuli gamarjvebebis gamocdilebisa. mocemuli fenomeni, rom
namdvilad dezadaptaciuria amaze metyvelebs Zlieri SfoTvis gaCena ga-
marjvebul cxovelebSi (Avgustinovich da T.a. 1997). Tumca, mxolod amiT ar
gamoixateba araadekvaturad gazrdili agresiis paTologiuroba. xSiri,
Tanac gauCerebeli agresiis dros mkveTrad izrdeba agresoris travma-
tizaciis albaTobac. rac Sedegia imis, rom aseTi agresori ar utovebs
ukan dasaxevs damarcxebul organizms.
maSasadame, wina TavebSi moyvanili monacemebis miuxedavad, agresias
SeiZleba araadaptaciuri (ufro zustad – antiadaptaciuri) datvir-
Tvac hqondes. literaturaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT mosazrebebs, romlis
mixedviTac individis agresiuloba (anu mudmivi mzaoba gamoavlinos ag-
resiuli qceva), misi dezadaptaciis maCvenebelia (Левина 1999; Scott 1998).
avtorebi iyeneben terminsac – qceviTi dezadaptacia, rac aRniSnavs
qceviTi aqtivobis Seusabamobas garegani Tu Sinagani cvlilebebiT ga-
mowveul organizmis reagirebis adaptur xasiaTTan (Калуев 2006).
freidomarqsizmis fuZemdebeli erix fromi Tvlida, rom agresia ar-
sebobs ori saxis: biologiurad adaptaciuri funqciis matarebeli, ro-
melic sicocxlis SenarCunebas uwyobs xels da amitom keTilTvisebiania
da avTvisebiani, romelsac sicocxlis SenarCunebis funqcia ar gaaCnia
da romelic piriqiT azianebs agresiis rogorc obieqts, ise subieqts
(Fromm 1994). fromis zemoT moyvanil warmodgenebs mniSvnelovanwilad
eTanxmeba germaneli fsiqiatris g. amonis Teoria agresiis realizaci-
is formebis Sesaxeb. amis mixedviT agresiis realizaciis konstruqciu-
li forma gulisxmobs individis unars gauZlos masze negatiur zemoq-
medebebs. aseTi agresia socialurad misaRebia. agresiis realizaciis
destruqciuli formisas ki – adgili aqvs moralur-eTikuri normebis
darRvevas, garSemomyofebTan urTierTobaTa darRvevasa da deforma-
83
cias, kriminalur da deviantur qcevas. agresiis deficituri forma xa-

siaTdeba dabali socialuri aqtivobiT, qceviTi procesebis arasakma-
risi diferencirebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs agresiuli qcevis
realiazacias. avtoris azriT, mas xSirad Tan sdevs agreTve asTeniuri,
fsiqasTeniuri da depresiuli mdgomareobebis Camoyalibeba da autoag-
resiis fenomenic (Ammon 2000).
am Tavis bolos, Cven mier Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Sedegebis moy-
vanac SeiZleba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, korelaciurma analizma gviC-
vena, rom agresiuli danaSaulis Camden pirebSi adgili hqonda mZlavr
dadebiT korelacias fizikur agresias, irib agresias, gaRizianebas, ne-
gativizms, wyenas, eWvsa da verbalur agresias Soris. ganyenebulad id-
ga mxolod danaSaulis SegrZneba, romelic marto negativizmTan iyo
uaryofiT sarwmuno korelaciaSi. maSin rodesac, Cven mier Seswavlil
araagresiul damnaSaveebSi adgili hqonda sul sxva damokidebulebas
mocemul parametrebs Soris. Tavisi struqturiT es monacemebi Zlier
hgavdnen arakriminalur, `normalur~ SerCeviTobaSi miRebul monace-
mebs (aruTunovi da T.a. 1999). rac Seexeba agresiul damnaSaveebs, maTSi
heterogenuli agresiis (fizikuri, iribi da verbaluri agresia) para-
metrebi dadebiTad korelirebdnen autoagresiis (gaRizianebis, negati-
vizmis, wyenisa da eWvis) parametrebTan. gamodis, rom agresiis ase vTqvaT
pozitiuri parametrebi (mocemul termins aq vxmarobT, organizmis fsi-
qosomaturi daavadebebidan dacvis TvalsazrisiT) dadebiT korelaci-
aSi arian agresiis negatiur parametrebTan (Sesabamisad, aqac mocemu-
li termini, organizmis fsiqosomaturi daavadebebisagan dacvis Tval-
sazrisiT gamoiyeneba). Cveni azriT, mocemuli faqti miuTiTebs imaze,
rom agresiul damnaSaveebSi qcevis struqtura darRveulia da agresia
– adaptaciuri fenomenidan, organizmis zogadi dezadaptaciis gamov-
linebas warmoadgens. rogorc Cans, es adamianebi nebismier frustraci-
aze brutaluri agresiuli reaqciiT reagireben. am dros difuzuradaa
momatebuli agresiuli qcevisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela komponenti.
agresiis aseTi zrda migviTiTebs aseve imaze, rom am adamianebSi agresi-
as dakarguli aqvs instrumentuli xasiaTi. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom maTSi
agresias araadekvaturi, arasituaciuri xasiaTi aqvs. albaT swored aman
miiyvana isini sabolood sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi.
rac Seexeba danaSaulis SegrZnebas, aq unda iTqvas, rom araagresiul
damnaSaveebSi am maxasiaTeblis naklebi sidide agresiulebTan Sedare-
biT, metyvelebs Semdegze: miuxedavad Cadenili danaSaulisa, araagre-
siul patimrebSi met-naklebad mainc SenarCunebulia qcevis `normalu-
ri~ modeli. maSin rodesac agresiul patimrebSi danaSaulis SegrZneba
ara marto dabali sididiT xasiaTdeba, aramed ar korelirebs agresiis
84
maxasiaTebel praqtikulad arc erT parametrTan. rac kidev erTxel mi-

uTiTebs imaze, rom agresiulma qcevam am pirebSi dakarga adaptaciuri
funqcia.
Tu sociobiologiuri midgomis logikiT vimsjelebT, ar aris gamo-
ricxuli, rom Cven mier Seswavlil damnaSaveebs araadekvaturi agresiu-
li qcevis modelis CamoyalibebaSi imis msgavsi meqanizmebi monawileob-
dnen, romlebzec saubari ukve gvqonda cxovelTa araadekvaturi agresi-
ulobis analizisas. miTumetes, rom bevri maTganis anamnezSi aRniSnulia
mravali danaSaulebrivi, uaRresad agresiuli aqti. cxovelebze dakvir-
vebisas SeniSnuli, agresiuli qcevis Tviseba – erTxel gamovlenis Sem-
TxvevaSi, misi aucilebeli ganmeorebadoba (Липина da T.a. 1998), rogorc
Cans aqac (Cvens mier gamokvleul damnaSaveebSi) iCens Tavs. mravaljera-
di ganmeorebis Semdeg (zogjer, dausjelobis fonze) apirobebs ukidu-
resad agresiuli qceviTi stereotipis Camoyalibebas.
gansakuTrebiT araadekvaturobiT gamoirCeva fsiqopatTa da fsiqi-
kurad daavadebul pirTa agresiuloba. cxovelTa samyaroSi arsebuli-
sagan gansxvavebiT, igi ufro paTologiuri xasiaTisaa, vidre bunebri-
vis. aseT agresias calsaxad aqvs dakarguli adaptaciuri xasiaTi, rac
aisaxeba imaSi, rom aseT adamianebs, rogorc wesi, ar ZaluZT sociumSi
normaluri arseboba. ar gvgonia, rom am wesidan gamonakliss, ama Tu im
totalitaruli qveynebis diqtatorebi warmoadgendnen. vfiqrobT, rom
maTi xasiaTis fsiqopaTiuri `damZimeba~ metwilad maTi gadiqtatorebis
Semdeg moxda. Tumca, arc imis mtkiceba migvaCnia gamarTlebulad, rom
maTi fsiqika diqtatorad gaxdomamde jansaRi iyo (Fromm 1994).
uaRresad saintereso sakiTxs warmoadgens imis dadgena, SeiZleba Tu
ara zogierTi profesiis adamianebis (samxedroebis, policiisa da uSiS-
roebis samsaxurebis TanamSromlebis) agresiuloba CaiTvalos paTolo-
giur agresiulobad. erix fromis zemoT moyvanili gansazRvrebis Tanax-
mad am tipis agresiuloba keTilTvisebian agresiulobas warmoadgens.
vTvliT, rom es ufro metad movlenis zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT Sefa-
sebaa, vidre samecniero Sefaseba. terminSi paTologiuri agresiuloba,
Cven vgulisxmobT sxva rames – kerZod, araadekvaturad maRal agresi-
ulobas, agresiulobas, romelsac dakarguli aqvs situaciuri xasiaTi.
literaturaSi am profesiis adamianTa agresiulobas aseve prosocia-
lur agresiulobasac uwodeben, amiT gamoxataven ra aseTi tipis qcevis,
sociumisaTvis sasargeblo xasiaTs. amis sapirispirod, damnaSaveTa ag-
resiulobas – antisocialurad moixsenieben (Моросанова, Гаралева 2009).
morosanovasa da garalevas aRniSnul kvlevaSi Sefasebul iqna rogorc
prosocialuri (samxedro konfliqtSi monawile pirebi da sportis sab-
rZolo saxeebis sportsmenebi), ise antisocialuri agresiulobis (mZime
85
danaSaulis Camdeni damnaSaveebi) mqone pirTa pirovnuli maxasiaTeble-

bi da Sedarebul iqna es monacemebi `normalur~ SerCeviTobasTan (stu-
dentebi). testirebisTvis gamoiyenes mravali meTodika, maT Soris – ba-
sisa da darkis, agreTve minesotas mravalfaziani pirovnuli kiTxvari
(MMPI). miRebuli Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom antisocialurad mimar-
Tuli agresiuli qcevis mqone cdispirebs aReniSnebodaT gaRizianeba-
dobis, wyenisa da pirovnuli SfoTis yvelaze maRali done. autoagresi-
is (danaSaulis SegrZneba) maRali doniT gamoirCeodnen prosocialurad
mimarTuli agresiuli qcevis mqone cdispirebi. orive am jgufis pirebs
aReniSnebodaT avtoritarulobis, negativizmis, eWvis da fizikuri ag-
resiulobis normaze maRali done. mkvlevarTa azriT aRniSnuli Tvise-
bebi saerToa agresiuli pirebisTvis, maTi agresiis socialuri mimarTu-
lebis miuxedavad. maSasadame, askvnian avtorebi, pirovnuli agresiulo-
bis da agresiuli qcevis done ar gansazRvravs agresiis mimarTulebas,
xolo prosocialuri da antisocialuri mimarTulebis agresiuli qce-
vis mqone pirebs Soris sxvaoba ki TviTkontrolisa da gacnobierebuli
TviTregulaciis doneSia (Моросанова, Гаралева 2009). Tuki sxvaobas erTi
mxriv, kriminalur da meore mxriv, samarTaldamcavTa da sportsmenTa
jgufebs Soris agresiis mravali saxis mixedviT ar aqvs adgili (rogorc
es statiaSi moyvanil monacemebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vTqvaT), maSin
gamodis, rom momatebuli agresiuloba SeiZleba ar iyos paTologiu-
ri. aq SevniSnavT, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT aRniSnuli terminebi
àsocialuri~ da àraadaptaciuri~ ar migvaCnia identuri mniSvnelo-
bis mqoned, mainc unda vTqvaT, rom maT Soris dadebiTi korelacia ar-
sebobs. adamiani biosocialuri arsebaa da individis permanentuli aso-
cialuroba, adre Tu gvian, garemoSi mis adaptaciazec aisaxeba. Tanac,
samarTaldamcavebsa da sportsmenebs aqvT saSualeba kanonieri gzebiT
`daicalon~ agresiuli impulsebisagan. Sesabamisad, maTi agresiuli aq-
tebi, samarTlebriv saxelmwifoebSi, situaciur da adekvatur xasiaTs
atarebs (rasakvirvelia, umravles SemTxvevaSi) da amitom ar SeiZleba
ewodos paTologiuri. sul sxvagvarad gvaqvs saqme mZime danaSaulis Cam-
den kriminalebSi. maTi agresia xSirad (Tumca, arayovelTvis) araadekva-
turi da arasituaciuria. garda amisa, igi sazogadoebis mier dagmobilia
da ukve am TvalsazrisiT aris paTologiuri. adamianTa qcevis paTolo-
giurobis mTavari Semafasebeli kriteriumi, xom swored arsebuli sazo-
gadoebis fundamenturi normebis darRvevis simZimea. am Tezisis ukeT
gasagebad Semdeg magaliTs moviyvanT. kanibalizmi imitom warmoadgens
sazarel danaSauls (romlis Camden pirebsac, xSirad utareben fsiqikur
eqspertizas), rom igi Cven TanamedroveobaSi arsebul sazogadoebebSi
tabuirebulia. Torem, afrikisa da papua-axali gvineis zogierT tomSi
86
igi sul axlaxan normis nawils Seadgenda da Sesabamisad maT mier Cadeni-
li aseTi saqcieli, sulac ar daayenebda kiTxvis niSnis qveS maT fsiqikur
janmrTelobas. maSasadame, termins `paTologiuri agresia~ literatu-
raSi xmaroben ori sxvadasxva movlenis aRsaniSnavad: 1) araadekvaturad
maRali agresiulobisa da 2) iseTi agresiuli aqtebis mimarT, romlebic
ewinaaRmdegeba adamianTa warmodgenebs normalur qcevaze. Tanac, uka-
nasknel SemTxvevaSi agresiulobis intensivoba SesaZlebelia sulac ar
iyos maRali da mxolod erTjeradi aqtiTac ki Semoifarglebodes (mag.
kanibalizmi, mSoblebis mkvleloba da sxva).
Tumca, wina abzacSi Cven sakmaod calsaxa gamyofi xazi gavavleT kri-
minalTa da Zalovan struqturebSi momuSave pirTa agresias Soris, mag-
ram yofiTi gamocdileba da samecniero kvlevebi aseve calsaxad adas-
tureben kanondarRvevaTa sakmaod maRal procents am ukanasknelebSi.
gansakuTrebiT es saomar moqmedebebSi monawile pirebs (kombatantebs)
exeba. saubaria ara marto saomari moqmedebebis warmoebis dros Cadenil
danaSaulze, aramed samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg Cadenil kanondar-
Rvevebze. Tanac, Cadenil danaSaulTa 93% mZime agresiul danaSaulze
(mkvleloba da mkvlelobis mcdeloba, sxeulis mZime ganzrax dazianeba)
modioda (Фастовцов, Осколкова 2009). am deviaciis ZiriTadi mizezi, pos-
ttravmuli stresuli darRvevaa. Tumca, es ukve sxva istoriaa.
is Tu ramdenad SeiZleba iyos agresiuli qceva (ara paTologiuri,
aramed `normaluri~ agresia) dezadaptaciuri Tu araadaptaciuri, gan-
vixiloT erT uCveulo magaliTze.
xSirad, erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom esa Tu is movlena
araadaptaciuria, magram sinamdvileSi saqme bevrad ufro rTulad aris.
ukanaskneli wlebis ekologiur literaturaSi gangaSia atexili
tasmaniuri eSmakis (Sarcophilus harrisii) – yvelaze didi zomis mtacebeli
CanTosnis, gadaSenebis safrTxis gamo. 1996 wels aRnusxuli iyo tasma-
niur eSmakebSi kibos (Devil Facial Tumor Disease – DFTD) pirveli SemTxve-
vebi. es simsivne viTardeba saxeze da sabolood cxovelis sikvdils iw-
vevs (sxvaTa Soris, ukanaskneli kvlevebiT naCvenebi iqna, rom am simsiv-
nes virusuli buneba ki ar aqvs, rogorc amas adre fiqrobdnen, aramed
faqtobrivad, alotransplantants warmoadgens (Murchison da T.a. 2010)).
am daavadebam gadaSenebis winaSe daayena mocemuli saxeoba (daavadebul
populaciebSi cxovelTa raodenoba Semcirda 80-90%-iT) da es saxeoba
wiTel wignSic ki Seiyvanes. CvenTvis, yvelaze saintereso ki is aris, rom
simsivneTa absoluturi umravlesobisagan gansxvavebiT, daavadebis gan-
viTarebis ZiriTadi gza kbenaa (Murchison da T.a. 2010; Pearse & Swift 2006;
Pyecroft da T.a. 2007). maSasadame, am SemTxvevaSi agresiuli qceva dakavSi-
rebulia agonistur konfliqtSi monawile mxaris dasnebovnebis maRal
87
SansTan (rasakvirvelia, Tuki meore mxare ukve dasnebovnebulia). ufro

metic, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mRrRnelebSi dominanti dabal rangi-
an cxovels Wrilobebs ayenebs sxeulis sxvadasxva adgilebSi da aqedan
mxolod sakmaod dabali procenti modis saxis midamoze, xolo TviTon
WrilobaTa udidesi nawils saxis midamoSi iRebs (Wall da T.a. 2003) da Cven
davuSvebT, rom msgavs Tanafardobas aqvs adgili sxva SedarebiT didi
zomis mtaceblebSic (tasmaniuri eSmakebi sakmaod didi zomisani arian.
mamri iwonis 14 kg-mde, xolo mdedri 9 kg-mde), maSin gasagebia, rom ag-
resiuli qceva, da miTumetes agresiuloba, mocemuli daavadebisagan
dacvis TvalsazrisiT araadaptaciuri movlenebia. aseT situaciaSi (Tu-
ki agresiam araadaptaciuri funqcia SeiZina) evoluciam adaptaciur me-
qanizmad agresiis donis (kerZod, kbenaTa raodenobis) daqveiTeba SeiZ-
leba `SemogvTavazos~, rac simsivnuri ujredebis gadacemis albaTobas
Seamcirebs. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom msgavsi procesebi (saubaria Sida-
saxeobrivi agresiis donis Semcirebaze) moxda bevr iseT saxeobaSi, rom-
lebSic Sidasaxeobrivi agonisturi Setakebebi, maTi monawileebis dazi-
anebisa da sikvdilis maRal safrTxesTan iyo dakavSirebuli (Lorenz 1994;
Maxson & Canastar 2006). Tumca, tasmaniuri eSmakis SemTxvevaSi evolucia
sxva gziT wavida. rogorc ukanasknelma gamokvlevebma aCvena, simsivnem
am saxeobis warmomadgenelTa adreuli momwifeba da qorwinebis sezonis
xangrZlivobis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia. am cvlilebebis Sedegad, cxove-
lebi aswreben datovon sakmarisi raodenobis STamomavloba manam, sanam
daavaddebian da daiRupebian (Jones da T.a. 2008).
es erTgvari gadaxveva imitom gavakeTeT, rom kargad gveCvenebina,
raoden frTxilad unda gamoviyenoT agresiasTan mimarTebaSi terminebi
dezadaptaciuri/araadaptaciuri.
***
maSasadame, am TavSi Cven mier naCvenebi iqna, rom agresias SeiZleba
hqondes rogorc sxvadasxva xasiaTis adaptaciuri funqcia, aseve iyos
(gansakuTrebiT, paTologiurad momatebuli, arasituaciuri agresiu-
lobis SemTxvevaSi) organizmTa garemosadmi Seguebis gauaresebis mize-
zic. rogorc Cans òqros Sualedis~ principi aqac isevea misaRebi, ro-
gorc mraval sxva sferoSi.
88
Tavi 6
garemosa da memkvidreobiTobis roli agresiaSi
sazogadoebriv mecnierebebsa da bio-samedicino disciplinebSi uk-

ve Zalian didi xania midis kamaTi imaze Tu ra gansazRvravs organizmTa
fenotipsa da qcevas – garemo Tu genetikuri faqtorebi (Graham 1991). es
kamaTi fesvebiT, sakmaod Sors, istoriul warsulSi midis. im warsulSi,
rodesac jer ar arsebobda sarwmuno samecniero warmodgena niSan-Tvi-
sebaTa genetikuri damemkvidrebis kanonzomierebebis Sesaxeb. swored
am antagonizmis erTgvar asaxvas warmoadgenda Tomas hobsisa (1588-1679)
da Jan-Jak rusos (1712-1778) koncefciaTa cnobili urTierTdapirispi-
reba. hobsi Tvlida, rom sazogadoebis mier Seqmnili kanonebi adamian-
Ta cxoveluri instinqtebis dacxromisa da maTze kontrolisTvis aris
Seqmnili, rusos azriT ki – socialuri borotebis mizezi adamiani ki ara
(romelsac saTno sawyisi gaaCnia), sazogadoebaa. rogorc Cans, am da sxva
filosofosTa dauswrebeli diskusia imis garkvevis mcdelobas warmo-
adgenda, Tu ra udevs safuZvlad borotebas – sazogadoebis negatiuri
zegavlena individze Tu adamianis memkvidrulad ganpirobebuli Tvise-
bebi.
mecnierTa da filosofosTa dapirispirebas, genetikuri da socia-
luri faqtorebis prevalirebis momxreebad, politikaSi Tavisi analogi
gaaCnia. cnobilia, rom memarcxeneebi, rogorc wesi mxars uWerdnen (da
axlac uWeren) garemo faqtorebis, xolo memarjveneebi da e.w. ultra-
memarjveneebi (e.w. imitom, rom nacional-socialisturi msoflmxed-
velobis memarjvene, Tundac ultramemarjvene mimdinareobad CaTvla
– ar migvaCnia gamarTlebulad. nacional-socialistur ideologiaSi
Serwymulia, rogorc `memarjvene~, ise `memarcxene~ ideologiebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli elementebi. Tumca, Cveni monografia sul sxva sakiTx-
isadmi aris miZRvnili da amitom, mocemuli sakiTxis ganxilvidan Tavs
SevikavebT) ki – genetikuri faqtorebis primats. am, TiTqosda wminda
akademiurma sakiTxma, ra aris mTavari fenotipis CamoyalibebaSi – gare-
mo Tu genetika, erT SemTxvevaSi migviyvana sabWoTa kavSirSi (memarcxe-
neuli midgoma) genetikisa da genetikosebis ganadgurebamde, xolo na-
89
cistur germaniaSi (e.w. ultramemarjvene midgoma) evgenikuri xasiaTis

RonisZiebebis (e.w. rasobrivi higiena) ganxorcielebamde, rac sxvadasxva
eTnosebis, socialuri jgufebis, fsiqikurad daavadebuli adamianebis
masobriv sterilizaciasa da ebraelebis SemTxvevaS ki – genocidSic ga-
moixata.
garemo Tu genetika? aq gadis gamyofi zRvari agresiis Semswavlel
mecnierebebSic. am sferoSi warmodgenil koncefciaTa speqtri moicavs
Teoriebs wminda socialuridan – wminda genetikuramde.
kerZod, instinqtivistTa warmodgenebis mixedviT adamiani erTgvari
manqanaa, romelSic Cadebulia mxolod memkvidreobiT miRebuli qcevis
modelebi. bihevioristebi ki miiCneven, rom adamiani Tanamedroveobis
socialuri qcevis modelebis kvlavwarmoqmniT aris dakavebuli.
vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli dapirispireba ukve aRarasodes gadaiqce-
va gaWianurebul kamaTSi (materiisa da ideis pirveladobis Sesaxeb dis-
kusiisagan gansxvavebiT). genomikis da proteomikis ukanaskneli miRweve-
bi gvaZlevs imis imeds, rom adre Tu gvian SevZlebT gavceT met-naklebad
adekvaturi pasuxi kiTxvaze: wamyvani garemos zemoqmedebaa Tu genetika.
6.1. agresiuli qcevis ganmapirobebeli genetikuri faqtorebi
Генетика – это судьба!

z. froidis cnobili gamonaTqvamis
n. WiWinaZiseuli perifrazi
ama Tu im qcevis genetikuri determinirebis xarisxis gansazRvra

uaRresad rTul sakiTxs warmoadgens. nebismier fsiqologiur niSans
(fenotips) rTuli Sinagani struqtura gaaCnia da igi amiT gansxvavdeba
im niSnebisagan, romelsac genetika tradiciulad ikvlevda da ikvlevs.
fsiqologiuri niSnebis, rogorc genetikuri kvlevis obieqtis Tavise-
bureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom fenotipad aq ganixileba garkveuli mov-
lenebi da ara struqturebi (Малых 2004). magram, meore mxriv, naTelia,
rom Tuki qceva (mag. agresiuli qceva) damaxasiaTebeli rogorc adami-
anebisaTvis, ise cxovelebisaTvis gvxvdeba regularulad, ar moiTxovs
winaswar daswavlas da gamoirCeva simyariT aSkara jildos ararsebobis
SemTxvevaSic ki (Berkowitz 2002) – calsaxad genetikurad ganpirobebuli
qcevaa (Giammanco da T.a. 2005). swored am momentebma ganapirobes is, rom
mkvlevarebi ukve didi xania genetikur doneze eZeben agresiulobis gan-
mapirobebel struqturebs.
cnobilia, rom damorCilebiTi qcevis unari daprogramebul qcevas
warmoadgens, e.i. cxovelma unda iswavlos ara is Tu rogor unda ireagi-
90
Tavi 6. garemosa da memkvidreobiTobis roli agresiaSi
ros, aramed is Tu ra situaciebSia saWiro ase reagireba (cit. Пошивалов-

is (1986) mixedviT). rogorc Cans, igives Tqma SeiZleba agresiazec.
TavdacviT-agresiuli qceva upirobo refleqsTa (ufro swored –
moqmedebaTa fiqsirebul kompleqsTa) ricxvs miekuTvneba da instinqtu-
ri bunebisaa (Симонов 1986). mag., kuTxeSi momwyvdevisas, virTagvas gaqce-
viTi reaqcia aucileblad ecvleba TavdasxmiTi reaqciiT; wiwilas jer
warmoeqmneba agresia ucnobi moZravi obieqtebis, Semdeg ki sakuTari sa-
xeobis warmomadgenlebis mimarT.
Tu TavdacviT qcevas ganvixilavT, rogorc meqanizms organizmis si-
cocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis, maSin igi unda warmoiqmnebodes ukve antena-
talur periodSi. marTlac, cxovelebisa da adamianis tkivilis sapasuxo
qceva, formirdeba jer kidev maTi mucladyofnis periodSi (Кассиль 1987).
Tumca, es reaqciebi albaT yalibdebian spinalur doneze da amitom sak-
maod Sors dganan iseTi rTuli movlenisagan, rogoricaa motivaciuri
qcevis fenomeni. morucis skalis mixedviT Tavdacvis upirobo refleqsi
RviZilis umaRles gamovlinebas warmoadgens (cit. Данилова, Крылова 1989
mixedviT). swored TavdacviTi instinqti udevs safuZvlad agresiuli
qcevis rTul formebs.
zemoT moyvanili faqtebis gamo, mravali mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom ag-
resia memkvidreobiTi faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli da organizmis agre-
siulobis xarisxic maszea damokidebuli. kargadaa cnobili, rom xelov-
nuri gadarCevis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia agresiuli da `mSvidobismoy-
vare~ cxovelebis gamoyvana.
Zaladobisadmi midrekilebis memkvidreobiTi gadacemis xarisxis da-
sadgenad, sxvadasxva meTodikebis gamoyenebiT Catarebul iqna mravali
kvleva. yvelaze ufro popularul meTodad iTvleboda tyupebis meTo-
dis gamoyeneba. am meTodikebis gamoyenebiT, mecnierTa nawilis mier, ag-
resiuli Tvisebebis memkvidreobiT gadacemis damamtkicebeli faqtebi
ver iqna aRmoCenili (Carmelli da T.a. 1990; Mednick da T. a. 1988), maSin roca
sxvaTa kvlevebi calsaxad metyveleben aseTi kavSiris arsebobaze (Ghodsi-
an-Carpey & Baker 1987; Rushton 1988). am kvlevebSi miRebuli, monozigoturi
tyupebis konkordantoba agresiis niSnis mixedviT, Seudareblad ufro
maRali aRmoCnda, vidre dizigotur tyupebSi (Vogel & Motulsky 1990). cno-
bilma sabWoTa genetikosma efroimsonma, literaturuli monacemebis
safuZvelze Seadgina cxrili meore tyupiscalis damnaSaveobis sixSiri-
sa, Tuki pirveli damnaSave iyo. monozigotur tyupebSi es sixSire bevrad
ufro maRali iyo (cit. Дубинин da T.a. 1989 mixedviT).
Tumca, sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgoma, meTodologiuri poziciebidan
mkacrad iqna gakritikebuli. saqme isaa, rom Tuki or adamians praqti-
kulad erTnairi garegnoba aqvT (rogorc monozigoturi tyupebis Sem-
91
TxvevaSi), maSin maTdami adamianebis damokidebulebac SeiZleba iden-

turi iyos. dizigoturi tyupebisadmi (isini erTmaneTs, rogorc wesi ar
gvanan) damokidebuleba gansxvavebuli iqneba (Hoffman 1991).
aRniSnuli winaaRmdegobis dasaZlevad mkvlevarTa mier Seswavli-
li iqna mSoblebisa da maTi Svilebis (rogorc sakuTari, ise naSvilebi)
msgavseba pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT (Mednick da T.a. 1987). aR-
moCnda, rom damemkvidrebas adgili hqoda, mxolod qonebis winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi da es ar exeboda pirovnebis winaaR-
mdeg mimarTul danaSauls.
aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs gansxva-
vebuli mosazreba, adamianebsa da umaRles primatebSi erT-erTi yvelaze
ufro agresiuli saqcielis – infanticidis Sesaxeb. zogierTi avtoris
mixedviT, aseTi qcevis gamovlenaze pasuxs ageben infanticidisa da kani-
balizmis genebi. Tumca sxva mkvlevarebi uaryofen maT memkvidrul xasi-
aTs, miTumetes adamianSi (Бутовская 1990).
mravalricxovani kvlevebi aseve mieZRvna pirovnuli aSlilobebis
genetikuri aspeqtebis kvlevas. klinikur-genealogiuri da tyupebis me-
Todebis gamoyenebam (Carey 1992; Hutton da T.a. 1992; Jenaway & Swinton 1993;
Wells da T.a. 1992) aCvena myari kavSiris arseboba pirovnebis aSlilobasa
da sisxliT naTesaobas Soris. Tanac, am kavSiris siZliere, pirdapirpro-
porciuli iyo naTesaobis xarisxisa. es monacemebic garkveulwilad miu-
TiTeben fsiqopaTiebisa da agresiis memkvidreobiT xasiaTze.
samecniero statiaTa sakmaod mniSvnelovani raodenoba qromosomu-
li paTologiebisa da agresiis kavSirs Seexeba. isini ZiriTadad, sasqeso
qromosomebTan dakavSirebuli anomaliebsa da agresias Soris kavSirs
asaxaven. saqme is aris, rom radganac arsebobs seriozuli sxvaoba qali-
sa da mamakacis agresiulobis dones Soris (amaze cota qvemoT) da Tuki
agresias genetikuri determinacia gaaCnia, maSin es sxvaoba sasqeso qro-
mosomebis funqcionirebis gamo unda arsebobdes. swored aseTi argumen-
taciiT SeiZleba Tavis droze kvlevaTa am mimarTulebis sakmao `popu-
larobis~ axsna.
literaturaSi es mimarTuleba mniSvnelovanwilad `warmodgenili~
iyo XYY sindromiT. nanaxi iqna, rom am sindromiT daavadebulebi gamo-
irCevian maRali agresiulobiT, maRali taniT, zomieri gonebrivi Camor-
CenilobiT. Tanac, maTi raodenoba damnaSaveTa Soris mravaljer aRema-
teboda Teoriulad mosalodnels (Vogel & Motulsky 1990). amis gamo agre-
siis substratad Y qromosoma iqna dasaxelebuli.
Tumca, am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi mecnierTa mniSvnelo-
vani nawilis mier skeptikurad iqna Sefasebuli. amis mizezs Semdegi mo-
mentebi warmoadgens (CamovTvliT mxolod ZiriTads):
92
1) detalurma analizma aCvena, rom XYY sindromiT daavadebulTa mi-

er Cadenili danaSauli, rogorc wesi ar iyo Cadenili Zaladobis gamoye-
nebiT da sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuls warmoadgenda.
2) danaSaulis sixSire, am XYY sindromiT daavadebulebSi, TiTqmis
imdenive iyo, ramdenic normaluri kariotipis (XY) analogiuri xarisxis
gonebrivad CamorCenil pirebs axasiaTebT.
3) mZlavri fizikuri ganviTarebis gamo, XYY sindromis mqone ada-
mianebi, xSirad megobrobdnen ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebTan da
Sesabamisad adre xvdebodnen kriminalur garemoSi. Tanac, maRali tani
aZlevda maT saSualebas sxvebTan konfliqtebSi mieRoT upiratesoba da
ukeT aeTvisebinaT agresiuli qcevis manera (Bandura 2001). maSasadame, es
ukanaskneli argumenti agresiis ufro metad socialur determinaciaze
metyvelebs, vidre genetikurze.
Tumca, moyvanili argumentebi nawilobriv gaabaTila daniaSi Cata-
rebulma masStaburma kvlevebma da miRebuli Sedegebis interpretaciam
(Vogel & Motulsky 1990). ramodenime aTasi adamianis kariotipirebiT miRe-
buli informacia Sejerebuli iqna sxva saxis informaciasTan (maT Soris
anTropologiur, socialur-ekonomikur). es yovelive koreqtulad iqna
statistikurad damuSavebuli. pirvel etapze xdeboda imis daTvla, Tu
ra albaToba iyo imisa, rom normaluri XY kariotipisa da garkveuli pa-
rametrebis mqone adamiani gamxdariyo damnaSave. Semdeg XYY sindromis
mqone yvela adamianisaTvis iTvlidnen damnaSaved gaxdomis albaTobas im
SemTxvevaSi, rom mas normaluri kariotipi da analogiuri ZiriTadi pa-
rametrebi hqonoda. mesame etapze, ki adarebdnen miRebul Sedegebs rea-
lurad arsebul mdgomareobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom XYY qromosomebis
matarebelTa agresiuloba nawilobriv socialur-ekonomikuri da sxva
mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, mainc calsaxad iqna nanaxi am procesSi
wminda genetikuri komponentis roli.
unda aRvniSnoT, rom radgan maRalagresiul adamianTa absolutur
umravlesobaSi zedmeti Y qromosomis sindroms ar aqvs adgili – Sesaba-
misad, es faqtori ar TamaSobs `fatalur~ rols sazogadoebaSi agresi-
ulobis zrdaSi.
arsebobs sxva qromosomuli sindromebic, romlebsac zogierTi
mkvlevaris azriT, garkveuli roli SeiZleba hqondeT agresiuli qce-
vis CamoyalibebaSi: merve qromosomis mikrodelecia (Steyaert da T.a. 1997),
prader-vilis sindromi (van Lieshout da T.a. 1998), smit-majenis sindromi
(Smith da T.a. 1998), rkaliseburi X-qromosomis sindromi (El Abd da T.a.
1999). literaturaSi arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxebac, rom X-qromo-
somaTa ricxvis zrdas mivyavarT agresiulobis Semcirebamde.
miuxedavad arsebuli wyaroebisa, mainc ar arsebobs sarwmuno mo-
nacemebi agresiulobis cvlilebebsa da qromosomul anomaliebs So-
93
ris kavSiris Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, momatebuli agresiulobis arseboba

sxvadasxva qromosomuli anomaliebis mqone pirebSi, agresiis Camoyali-
bebis sxvadasxva safexurebze maTi moqmedebis Sedegia. Tanac, rogorc
Cans genetikuri aparatis aseTi uxeSi defeqtebi, agresiulobasTan ara-
pirdapir kavSirSia da am kavSiris xasiaTis garkveva genomis funqcioni-
rebis principebis ukeT gagebis Semdeg gaxdeba SesaZlebeli (Алфимова,
Трубников 2000b).
aseve, mravali genetikuri gamokvleva mieZRvna agresiul qcevaSi mem-
kvidreobiTobisa da garemo faqtorebis urTierTSefardebis dadgenas.
vernoni da Tanaavtorebi (Vernon da T.a. 1999) TavianT statiaSi mimoixila-
ven XX saukunis 80-ian da 90-ian wlebSi am sakiTxis garSemo Sesrulebul
kvlevebs. am kvlevebis mixedviT (isini ZiriTadad Sesrulebulni iyvnen
bavSvebze), genotipis roli agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi meryeobs
0-dan 98%-mde. aseTi kolosaluri gansxvaveba rezultatebSi, ZiriTa-
dad, meTodologiuri momentebiT unda iyos gamowveuli. mozrdilebze
Sesrulebul gamokvlevebSi, sadac agresiuloba testebis saSualebiT
fasdeboda da ara mSoblebis gamokiTxviT, miRebuli iyo ufro SeTanxme-
buli rezultatebi (Miles & Carey 1997; Vernon da T.a. 1999). kerZod, aRmoC-
nda, rom damemkvidrebis koeficienti meryeobda 40-54% Soris. ayvanil
bavSvTa (Cadoret da T.a. 1995) da tyupTa meTodis (Eley da T.a. 1999; Shih &
Chen 1999) gamoyenebiT Catarebulma gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom agresiul
antisocialur qmedebebSi wamyvani iyo genotipis roli, maSin rodesac
antisocialur araagresiul qmedebebSi – garemo faqtorTa roli preva-
lirebda. msgavsi monacemebi iyo miRebuli sxva kvlevebSic (Малых da T.a.
1998; Равич-Щербо da T.a. 2003). agresiulobis damemkvidrebis maRal koe-
ficientSi dRes aRaravis epareba eWvi (Seroczynski da T.a. 1999).
genetikuri faqtoris rolze agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi mety-
velebs Semdegi saintereso faqti. danaSauldamtkicebul individTa er-
Tkvercxujredian tyupiscalTa daaxloebiT 50% aseve aRricxvaze iyvnen
policiaSi, maSin rodesac orkvercxujredian tyupiscalTa SemTxvevaSi
analogiuri sidide mxolod 20% Seadgenda (cit. Myers 2004 mixedviT).
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi daiwyo axali etapi agresiis genetikuri
safuZvlebis kvlevaSi. saubaria, agresiis molekulur-genetikuri sa-
fuZvlebis Seswavlaze (Алфимова, Трубников 2000a). agresiis genetikuri
induqtorebis Ziebam genur doneze gadainacvla.
àgresiulobis genTa~ ricxvSi erT-erTi pirveli, X-qromosomaSi ar-
sebuli A tipis monoaminooqsidazas (MAO A) makodirebeli geni moxvda
(romelic X-qromosomis p-11-p-21 ubanze mdebareobs). jer kidev 1993 wels
bruneris da kolegebis mier (Brunner da T.a. 1993) aRweril iqna ramodeni-
me mamakaci, inteleqtis garkveuli deficitiTa da momatebuli agresiu-
94
lobiT. am mamakacebs aRmoaCndaT wertilovani mutacia MAO-s genSi. am

mamakacebs Taobidan TaobaSi gadaecemodaT momatebuli agresiuloba.
Tumca, Tavad bruneri aRniSnavda, rom ar SeiZleba erTi `martivi~ geni
ganapirobebdes rTul qcevas (Brunner 1996). magram rogorc Semdgomma eq-
sperimentebma aCvenes, am genis gamorTva cxovelebSi aZlierebda agresi-
as da zrdida tvinis qsovilSi serotoninis, noradrenalinisa da difa-
minis koncentracias (Simonoff da T.a. 1998). zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT,
agresiasa da monoaminooqsidazas makodirebel gens Soris aseTi saxis
kavSiris arseboba damokidebuli iyo SerCeviTobis xasiaTzec (Vanyukov
da T.a. 1995). kerZod, MAO A-s dabali donis asocireba antisocialur
da agresiul qcevasTan ZiriTadad, gxvdeboda iseT individebSi, romle-
bic bavSvobis dros garemos uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis qveS imyofebodnen
(Kim-Cohen da T.a. 2006). Tumca sxva mkvlevarebis azriT, tvinis struqtu-
rebSi MAO A-s dabali done, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, asocirebulia moma-
tebul agresiulobasTan (Alia-Klein da T.a. 2008).
adamianis 22q11 qromosomaSi lokalizebuli kateqol-O-meTiltran-
sferazas (COMT) genis nokauti an aqtivobis Semcireba, umravlesoba li-
teraturuli wyaroebis mixedviT, aseve dakavSirebulia agresiulobis
zrdasTan (Tumca, zogierTi statiaSi aseTi kavSiris arseboba uaryofi-
lia (magaliTisTvis, ixileT Куликова da T.a. 2008)), rogorc adamianSi, ase-
ve mRrRnelebSi (Gogos da T.a. 1998; Volavka da T.a. 2004).
aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom COMT da MAO, ZuZumwovarTa umravlesobaSi,
warmoadgenen biogenur aminTa degradaciis fermentul sistemebs. ker-
Zod, COMT monawileobs kateqolaminTa degradaciaSi (Männistö & Kaakkola
1999) (ZiriTadad, mainc eqstraneironuli kateqolaminebis (Кудрявцева da
T.a. 2004)), MAO A ki sxvadasxva monoaminebis: adrenalinis, noradrena-
linis, dofaminis, serotoninis da sxva (Попова da T.a. 2004) (ZiriTadad,
mainc intraneironuli monoaminebis (Кудрявцева da T.a. 2004), xolo MAO
B ki – ZiriTadad, dofaminisa da fenileTilaminis degradaciaSi (Попова
da T.a. 2004).
kreigTan naCvenebia aseve, serotoninis matransportirebeli cilis
genetikuri deficitis kavSiri maRal agresiulobasTan (Craig 2007). iseve,
rogorc dofaminis gadamtani cilis genis sxvadasxva variantebis mona-
wileoba dominanturi da submisiuri qcevis Camoyalibebis procesSi (Mil-
ler-Butterworth da T.a. 2008).
agresiulobis kavSiri ferment triptofanhidroqsilazas makodi-
rebeli genis sxvadasxva formebTan (mocemuli fermenti monawileobs
serotoninis sinTezSi) aseve warmoadgenda da warmoadgens kvlevis sa-
gans. nius mixedviT arsebobs kavSiri mocemul gensa da `pirdapiri agre-
siulobis~ skalas Soris (New da T.a. 1998), xolo manukis mier ki sapiris-
piro monacemebi iqna miRebuli (Manuck da T.a. 1999).
95
cnobilia, rom agresologiuri kvlevebi xorcieldeba mraval obi-

eqtze. zogierTi mimarTulebiT sakmaod seriozuli warmatebebic aris
miRweuli. mag., Tagvis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCenilia oTx aTeulamde geni, ro-
melic monawileobas iRebs agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi (Maxson & Ca-
nastar 2003).
agresiulobis molekulur-genetikuri induqtorebis Ziebam axali
suli STabera agresiis Y-qromosomul koncefcias. TagvebSi Y qromoso-
mis arafsevdoautosomur regionSi lokalizebuli genebis analizma aCve-
na, rom isini SesaZloa monawileobas iReben agresiuli qcevis iniciaciaSi,
xolo fsevdoautosomur regionSi lokalizebuli genis (saubaria stero-
id sulfatazas makodirebel genze) SemTxvevaSi ki es faqti mkvlevarTa
ori jgufis mier damoukidebad iqna naCvenebi (Maxson & Canastar 2006).
saintereso genetikuri monacemebia miRebuli seleqciis Sedegad ga-
moyvanil maRalagresiuli xazis cxovelebzec. ZiriTadad, es monacemebi
Tagvebis wminda xazebs exeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom maRalagresiuli ji-
Sebi da xazebi bevr sxva saxeobaSic aris gamoyvanili. kerZod, 30-ze me-
ti Taobis ganmavlobaSi mamri Tagvebis seleqciis Sedegad miRebuli iqna
mamri Tagvebi, romlebic Setevis latenturi drois dabali (Short attack la-
tency (SAL)) da maRali (Long attack latency (LAL)) parametrebiT xasiaTdebian.
am dimorfizmSi Y qromosomis roli minimaluria. Tanamedrove kvlevebis
Sedegad aRmoCenilia 191 geni, romlebic diferencirebulad eqspresir-
debian SAL da LAL Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi (Feldker da T.a. 2003), romelTa
garkveuli nawili, rogorc Cans, monawileobs agresiuli qcevis genez-
Si (Maxson & Canastar 2006). sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom maRalagresiuli
(SAL) da dabalagresiuli (LAL) xazis mdedri Tagvebi erTmaneTisagan ar
gansxvavdebian agresiulobis mixedviT da es gansxvaveba mxolod mamrebs
Soris SeiniSneba. ufro metic, mdedrebis seleqcia maRal da dabal agre-
siulobaze, ar iZleva aranair Sedegs mamrebis agresiulobis Tvalsaz-
risiT (Зорина da T.a. 2002).
aseve sainteresoa imis aRniSvnac, rom turkus universitetSi (fine-
Ti) seleqciis Sedegad cnobili mkvlevarebis lagerspetcebis (Lagerspetz
K.Y. da Lagerspetz K.M.) mier gamoyvanili iqna zemoaRniSnulisagan gansxva-
vebuli maRal da dabalagresiuli – Turku aggressive (TA) da Turku nonaggres-
sive (TNA) Tagvebis xazebi (cit. Зорина da T.a. 2002 mixedviT).
memindvriebis sxvadasxva saxeobebis teritoriuli agresiis gene-
tikurma analizma aCvena, rom maRalagresiuli saxeobebis warmomadgen-
lebi gansxvavdebodnen sxvebisagan arginin vazopresinis (es nivTiere-
ba aZlierebs mocemul cxovelebSi agresiul qcevas (Young da T.a. 1998))
receptoris makodirebeli geniT. kerZod, am genis promotori Seicavda
428 w.f.-ian CanarTs.
96
agresiis genetika, sruliad axal safexurze, ama Tu im nokautirebu-

li (knockout) genis mqone cxovelTa xazebis gamoyenebam aiyvana. ufro me-
tic, mkvlevarebma sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad specialurad daiwyes,
agresiis procesSi CarTuli sxvadasxva qimiuri agentebis sinTezsa Tu
metabolizmSi monawile genebis nokauti. ukanasknel wlebSi miRebulia
Tagvebis mravali xazi ama Tu im genis nokautiT (aseTi tipis agresolo-
giur kvlevebSi ZiriTadad nokautirebul Tagvebs iyeneben, maTi maRali
agresiulobisa da garkveuli genetikuri Taviseburebebis gamo (Богданов
2008; Попова da T.a. 2000)). kerZod, ukanasknel wlebSi miRebuli iqna Tag-
vebis xazebi Semdegi struqturebis makodirebeli genebis nokautiT: D2
dofaminuri receptorebis (Balk da T.a. 1995), dofaminis matransporti-
rebeli cilis (Giros da T.a. 1996), serotoninuli 5-HT1A (Parks da T.a. 1998),
5-HT1B (Saudou da T.a. 1994) da 5-HT2C (Tecott da T.a. 1995) tipis receptorebis
da sxva. aseve Seqmnilia transgenuri Tagvebis xazi – Tg8, Seuqcevadad
nokautirebuli MAO A makodirebeli geniT (Cases da T.a. 1995; Попова da
T.a. 2004). aq Cven mxolod is nokautirebuli xazebi CamovTvaleT, rom-
lebsac agresologiur kvlevebSi iyeneben (anu xasiaTdebian gazrdili an
Semcirebuli agresiulobiT). kerZod, naCvenebia, rom agresiis done gaz-
rdilia TagvebSi, romlebsac nokautirebuli aqvT serotoninuli 5-HT1B
(Bouwknecht da T.a. 2001; Saudou da T.a. 1994) receptorebis, MAO A-s (Cases
da T.a. 1995; Попова da T.a. 2004), 2-adrenoreceptorebis (Sallinen da T.a.
1998), noradrenalinis transporteri cilis (Haller da T.a. 2001) makodire-
beli geni. gazrdili TavdasxmiTi, Tumca Semcirebuli TavdacviTi agre-
siulobiT xasiaTdebian Tagvebi, romlebsac nokautirebuli aqvT -kal-
cium kalmodulin kinaza II-sa (Chen da T.a. 1994) da Fyn Tirozin kinazas
(Miyakawa da T.a. 2001) makodirebeli genebi. aseTi ucnauri diferenci-
rebis axsna TavdasxmiT da TavdacviT agresiulobas Soris, Cveni azriT,
Zalian rTulia. SesaZlebelia, rom aq kvlevis meTodikur gaumarTaobas-
Tan gvaqvs saqme.
am da sxva natifi genetikuri meTodebiT Sesrulebuli gamokvlevebi,
aseve genomikis da proteomikis proeqtebis farglebSi miRebuli infor-
macia, momavalSi albaT mogvcems saSualebas davadginoT ama Tu im saxis
agresiul qcevaSi memkvidruli komponentis realuri roli.
6.2. agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi monawile garemo faqtorebi
rogorc wina qveTavSi iqna naCvenebi, agresiuli qceva genetikurad

ganpirobebuli movlenaa, magram sakmarisia Tu ara es genetikuri bazi-
si agresiulobis Camosayalibeblad? SeiZleba Tu ara organizmi Camoya-
libdes agresiul individad Tu misi genotipi ar Seicavs agresiulobis
zedmetad aqtivirebul genetikur komponentas?
97
am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa, erTi mxriv, gamovyoT agre-

siuli qcevis maprovocirebeli konkretuli faqtorebi (socialuri, fi-
zikur-qimiuri da sxva bunebis) da meore mxriv, gavaanalizoT is fsiqo-
logiuri procesebi, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba rogorc agresiuli
qcevis, ise agresiulobis, rogorc xasiaTis Tvisebis Camoyalibeba.
6.2.1. agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi

monawile socialuri faqtorebi
rogorc cnobilia, agresiuli qcevis Camoyalibeba garkveuli kon-

teqstis (adamianis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad – socialuri) pirobebSi xde-
ba da amitom am qcevaze es garemo udides zegavlenas axdens. socialuri
faqtorebi, garemo faqtorebis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenen, adami-
anze moqmedebis TvalsazrisiT ki – ZiriTad nawilsac ki. Tumca, misi ro-
li cxovelTa SemTxvevaSic uaRresad mniSvnelovania.
radganac agresia adreul asakSive avlens Tavs, amis gamo mkvlevarebs
misi formirebis ganxilva xSirad bavSvebis agresiulobis magaliTze ux-
debaT. Tumca, mravali fsiqologi (Cveni azriT, ZiriTadad arafsiqoa-
nalitikuri mimarTulebis) Tvlis, rom Zaladobrivi qcevis paternebi
sulac ar aris aucilebeli dafiqsirdes sicocxlis adreul etapebzeve.
nebismierma adamianma pirovnuli zrdis procesSi SeiZleba Seicvalos
Tavisi qcevis formebi – kerZod, SeiZinos an dakargos agresiuli qcevis
paterni (cit. Berkowitz 2002 mixedviT).
cnobilia, rom bavSvebi agresiis Sesaxeb informacias, ZiriTadad
sami wyarodan iReben: 1) ojaxidan; 2) TanatolebTan urTierTobidan; 3)
simboluri magaliTebidan (televizia, wigni, kompiuteruli TamaSebi da
sxv.) (Baron & Richardson, 2004).
bavSvi pirvelad socializacias gadis ojaxSi da swored ojaxis wev-
rebis urTierTobis magaliTze swavlobs sxvebTan urTierTobas (Ber-
kowitz 2002). ojaxis damaxasiaTebeli rigi parametrebidan, romelic ze-
moqmedebs agresiuli qcevis Camoyalibebaze, upirveles yovlisa unda
aRiniSnos misi `sisrule~, anu masSi wevrTa raodenoba. naCvenebia, rom
mcirewlovani mkvlelebi xSirad swored aseTi ojaxebidan arian (Goetting
1989). agreTve nanaxi iqna, rom Tu bavSvs (miuxedavad imisa Tu romel asa-
kobriv jgufSi Sedis) cudi urTierToba aqvs erT an orive mSobelTan,
Tuki igi grZnobs gaucxoebas mSoblebisagan, aseTi bavSvi ufro didi al-
baTobiT iqneba CaTreuli kriminalur moRvaweobaSi (Hanson da T.a. 1984).
agresiuli asocialuri qcevis genezSi monawileoben iseTi faqtorebic,
rogoricaa bavSvze mSoblebis kontrolis xasiaTi da is Tu ramdenad
Tanmimdevrulni arian isini bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi (Scarr da T.a. 1990).
98
agresiuli qcevis daswavla SesaZlebelia TanatolebTan urTierTo-

bisas (Haskins 1985). bavSvobaSi TamaSi warmoadgens agresiuli qcevis aT-
visebis bavSvisTvis sakmaod usafrTxo meTods.
aRniSnuli mimarTulebis mZlavri efeqti gaaCnia `cocxal maga-
liTs~. adamiani am dros ecnoba da iTvisebs agresiuli qcevis, misTvis
jer kidev ucnob modelebs. dausjeli Zaladobis aqts agresiaze tabus
moxsnis efeqti gaaCnia. permanentuli dakvirveba am movlenaze pirovne-
baSi iwvevs agresiisadmi emociuri mgrZnobelobis dakargvas (Rule & Fer-
guson 1986).
Zalian rTulia televiziis da saerTod informaciis masobrivi saSu-
alebebis rolis dadgena adamianis agresiulobis CamoyalibebaSi. mkvle-
varTa umravlesoba Tvlis, rom es kavSiri ar aris calsaxa, magram mainc
SeiZleba dadebiTi korelaciis dadgena teleekranze Zaladobis demon-
strirebis faqtsa da adamianis agresiul qcevas Soris (Huessmann da T.a.
1984; Myers 2004). Tumca, zogierTi mkvlevari saerTod uaryofs aseTi kav-
Siris arsebobas (Назаретян 2009).
agresiuli qceva, agreTve, dakavSirebulia garesamyaros Secnobis
procesTanac. is, Tu ras fiqrobs bavSvi agresiaze mniSvnelovnad gana-
pirobebs mis qcevas (Miller & DeMarie-Dreblow 1990). iseTi situaciis Sefa-
sebisas, sadac erTi adamiani zarals ayenebs meores, agresiuli bavSvebi
ufro meti albaTobiT, vidre araagresiulebi, miiCneven, rom aRniSnuli
zarali ganzrax qmedebis Sedegia (Dodge & Coie 1987; Dodge & Somberg 1987;
Huessmann 1988).
zemoaRniSnuli socialuri Tu kognituri bunebis faqtorebi indivi-
dis socializaciisas apirobeben agresiuli qcevis warmoSobasa da das-
wavlas. daswavlis procesi gansakuTrebiT rTuli qcevis asaTviseblad
aris aucilebeli. garda amisa, agresiuli qcevis yovel konkretul aqts
gaaCnia socialuri determinantebi, romlebic misi realizaciis winapi-
robas warmoadgenen. maTze aq aRar SevCerdebiT, radganac umniSvnelova-
nesi socialuri determinanta – frustracia, zemoT ukve ganvixileT.
agresiuli qcevis meqanizmSi, fsiqikuri aSlilobis drosac ki cal-
saxadaa dafiqsirebuli socialuri faqtorebis roli (Дмитриева da T.a.
1998). mkvlevarTa mier SerCeuli avadmyofTa oTxi jgufidan, erTSi ma-
inc, agresiuli qcevis determinireba mTlianad socialur faqtoreb-
ze modioda da kidev or jgufSi misi roli mniSvnelovani iyo (Качаева,
Давыдов 2001). aseve, `sindromi-pirovneba-situacia~ koncefciis siste-
mur-struqturuli analizis gamoyenebiT (Кондратьев 1990) calsaxad iqna
dadgenili socialuri faqtoris wamyvani roli agresiuli qcevis ganvi-
Tarebis konkretul meqanizmSi (Качаева da T. a. 2001).
99
socialuri faqtorebis uSualo monawileoba agresiulobis genezis-

Si, mtkicdeba bioqimiuri kvlevebiTac. qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan
kargad Cans, rom agresiis induqtori faqtorebis arsebobis miuxedavad,
swored maTzea damokidebuli Camoyalibdeba Tu ara individi agresiul
pirovnebad. am mimarTulebiT mravali kvlevaa Sesrulebuli, magram aq
mxolod ramodenime saintereso magaliTs moviyvanT.
cnobilia, rom serotoninis cvlis saboloo produqtis 5-hidroq-
siindolZmarmJavas (5-HIAA) koncentracia asaxavs serotoninis cvlis
dones. Tavad 5-HIAA koncentracia cerebrospinalur siTxeSi ki uaryo-
fiTad korelirebs agresiulobis donesTan (Higley da T.a. 1996a, 1996b) (am
sakiTxze ufro detalurad, qvemoT – serotoninisadmi miZRvnil qveTav-
Si visaubrebT). makaka rezusebSi genetikurma kvlevebma aCvenes seroto-
ninis matransportirebeli cilis makodirebeli genis polimorfizmis
arseboba (Lesch 2003). rac am cilis Sesabamisi genis promotorSi 21 w.f.
zomis gameorebis arsebobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. aRmoCnda, rom gameo-
rebaTa raodenobis mixedviT SeiZleboda mokle da grZeli alelebis di-
ferencireba. CvenTvis saintereso iyo is, rom dedis mier gazrdil maka-
kebSi mocemuli alelebis polimorfizmi saerTod ar axdenda gavlenas
5-HIAA-s koncentraciaze cerebrospinalur siTxeSi, xolo Tanatolebis
mier gazrdil makakebSi mokle alelis mqoneebs aReniSnebodaT 5-HIAA-s
ufro dabali done, vidre grZeli alelebis mflobelebs. Tanac, mxolod
Tanatolebis mier gazrdili makakebi mokle aleliT ufro agresiulebi
iyvnen, vidre grZelaleliani cxovelebi. msgavs kanonzomierebas dedis
mier gazrdil mamakebSi adgili ar hqonia (Barr da T.a. 2003).
garemos rolis Sesaxeb msgavsi monacemebi miRebuli iqna adamianze
Catarebul agresologiur kvlevebSic. kerZod, MAO A-s sxvadasxva vari-
antebis zemoqmedeba mozrdilTa antisocialur qcevaze aRmoCnda damo-
kidebuli bavSvobisas maTdami cud mopyrobaze (Caspi da T.a. 2002; Kim-Co-
hen da T.a. 2006). kargi mopyrobis SemTxvevaSi, aseT korelacias ar hqonda
adgili. aseve aRmoCnda, rom serotoninis matransportirebeli cilis
sxvadasxva variantebis zegavlena mozrdilobaSi depresiaze dakavSire-
bulia bavSvobaSi cud mopyrobasa da bavSvobaSi gadatanil stresze (Cas-
pi da T.a. 2003).
moyvanili faqtebi, calsaxad metyveleben socialur faqtorTa um-
niSvnelovanes rolze agresiasTan dakavSirebul, genotipSi arsebuli,
niSnebis fenotipuri gamovlena/argamovlenis saqmeSi.
is, rom garemos (am SemTxvevaSi – cud mopyrobas) ZaluZs Secvalos
organizmis reaqtiuloba – didi xania cnobilia. mag., virTagvebze adre-
ul asakSi stresorebis moqmedeba mkveTrad cvlida glukokortikoide-
bisadmi cns-is mgrZnobelobas (Anisman da T.a. 1998; Mirescu da T.a. 2004),
100
iseve, rogorc mTavari neirotransmiteruli sistemebis – noradrener-

guli, serotoninerguli da dofaminerguli sistemebis reaqtiulobas
(Craig 2007).
miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania socialur faqtorTa
roli adamianSi agresiuli qcevis Camoyalibebasa da Semdgom konkretu-
li qceviTi aqtis gamowvevaSi, esa Tu is qceva mainc organizmis Tvisebad
rCeba da amitom igi aucilebel biologiur Semadgenels Seicavs. aseTi
midgomis farglebSi garkveulwilad azrs kargavs instinqtivistebisa
da bihevioristebis kamaTi prioritetuli determinantis Sesaxeb. magram
mainc SevniSnavT, rom Cveni azriT, agresia rogorc qceviTi aqti, upira-
tesad, garemo faqtorebiT aris gamowveuli, magram agresiulobaSi, ro-
gorc movlenaSi genetikuri komponentis wili Zalian maRalia. agresiisa
da agresiulobis mocemuli formulireba kargad ergeba adamians, mag-
ram misi gamoyeneba cxovelTa mimarTac aris SesaZlebeli. Tumca cnobi-
lia, rom cocxali sistemis organizaciis donis zrdasTan erTad ama Tu
im qcevis CamoyalibebaSi genetikuri komponentis Semcirebas aqvs adgi-
li, xolo garemos roli ki piriqiT matulobs.
agresiisa da agresiulobis am ganmartebidan gamomdinare, agresiis
genetikisadmi miZRvnil Tavs àgresiuli qcevis ganmapirobebeli gene-
tikuri faqtorebi~ vuwodeT, xolo agresiisa da socialur faqtorTa
urTierTobisadmi miZRvnils ki – àgresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi mo-
nawile socialuri faqtorebi~.
6.2.2. agresiuli qcevis maprovocirebeli garemo

faqtorebi da trigerebi
agresiuli qcevis genezisis mTavar faqtorze – frustraciaze – Cven

ukve visaubreT pirvel TavSi. magram frustraciis garda agresiis map-
rovocirebel faqtorebs sxva aversiuli xasiaTis incidentebic mie-
kuTvneba, iseTebi, rogoricaa tkivili, Zlieri sicxe, xmauri, siviwrove,
dabinZurebuli haeri da mravali sxva. cns-is agzneba, romelic yvela am
zemoqmedebas Sedegad mosdevs, zilmanis Teoriis Tanaxmad apirobebs ag-
resiul qcevas (Zillman 1988).
mokled mimovixiloT zemoCamoTvlil faqtorTagan yvelaze ufro
didi mniSvnelebis mqoneni.
tkivili. tkivilis rolze agresiuli qcevis warmoSobaSi mravali
gamokvlevaa miZRvnili. am sakiTxs Cvenc araerTxel SevexeT monogra-
fiaSi. aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom miyenebuli tkivili sakmarisia cxovelsa da
adamianSi mZlavri agresiis gamosawvevad. Tanac, am reaqcias (tkivilis
miyenebisas organizmi Tavs esxmis sxva organizms), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
101
universaluri xasiaTi aqvs – Seswavlilia uamravi sxvadasxva saxeobis

organizmSi (ZuZumwovrebSi, frinvelebSi, reptiliebSi, amfibiebSi da
sxva). Tanac, tkivilmiyenebuli cxovelebi agresias iCenen, rogorc Ta-
visi `TanamoZmeebis~, aseve sxva saxeobis warmomadgenlebisa da usulo
sagnebis mimarTac ki. tkivilze amgvar reaqcias adgili aqvs sxvadasxva
bunebis tkivilis SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris e.w. `fsiqologiuri tkivilis~
CaTvliTac (Myers 2004).
maRali temperatura. rogorc cnobilia, Zalian didia klimatis ze-
gavlena adamianTa xasiaTsa da temperamentze. magram Cven, amjerad, am
saintereso problemis mxolod erT nawils ganvixilavT, keZod – maRa-
li temperaturis gavlenas agresiul qcevaze. jer kidev uiliam Seqspiri
Tavis tragediaSi `romeo da julieta~ miuTiTebda sicxis rolze agre-
siis provocirebaSi. mas Semdeg mravali dakvirveba da gamokvleva iqna
Catarebuli. temperaturas da agresias Soris kavSiri Seswavlili iqna
rogorc eqsperimentuli meTodikebis (rogorc laboratoriuli, ise
laboratoriis gareTa), ise samarTaldamcavi organoebis statistiku-
ri da saarqivo masalebis saSualebiT. am ukanasknelTa ZiriTadi nawili
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samarTaldamcavi organoebis monacemebs
eyrdnoba.
adreul saarqivo-statistikur gamokvlevebSi dadgenil iqna gare-
mos maRal temperaturasa da agresias Soris xazovani damokidebuleba
– temperaturis zrda iwvevda agresiisa da danaSaulis zrdasac (Anderson
da T.a. 2000). `grZeli papanaqeba zafxulis~ koncefciaSi kargad `jdebo-
da~ aSS-Si 60-70-iani wlebis gasayarze momxdari zangTa mravalricxova-
ni buntebic, romlebic umravles SemTxvevaSi, zafxulis yvelaze cxel
dReebSi iwyeboda. Tumca, sxva mkvelvarebma igive masalis analizis Se-
degad garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli daskvnebi gamoitanes. maT mierac
iqna nanaxi sazogadoebaSi agresiisa da Zaladobis zrda garemos maRali
temperaturis zemoqmedebiT, Tumca maTi azriT, es damokidebuleba uf-
ro rTul araxazovan xasiaTs atarebda da temperaturis mkveTri zrdis
pirobebSi agresia garkveulwilad ecemoda kidec (Rotton & Cohn 2000).
laboratoriulma eqsperimentebmac daadastures agresiasa da ma-
Ral temperaturas Soris arsebuli araxazovani damokidebuleba (cit.
Baron & Richardson 2004 mixedviT). Tumca, aRniSnuli avtorebi moyvanili
monacemebis interpretaciisas aRniSnaven, rom quCaSi agresia bevrad
ufro meti movlenebis funqciaa, vidre mxolod maRali temperaturis.
da, rom masze zemoqmedebas axdens rogorc quCaSi meti adamianebis arse-
boba – sicxeSi saxlSi gaCerebis SeuZleblobisa (am avtorTa azriT, 1960-
1970-iani wlebis quCis ZaladobaSi monawile adamianTa umravlesobas
saxlebSi ar gaaCnda kondicionerebi) da zafxulis ardadagebis gamo (anu
102
moqmedebs jgufuri efeqti), ise dRis gazrdili xangrZlivoba zafxulis

TveebSi da mravali sxva.
rogorc beroni da riCardsoni SeniSnaven, nebismieri arasasurveli
piroba Tu gancda – Zlieri frustraciidan dawyebuli fizikuri dis-
komfortiT damTavrebuli, marTlac xels uwyobs agresiis warmoSobas,
oRond mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki potenciuri agresorebisTvis qce-
vis es modelia dominirebadi (Baron & Richardson 2004).
socialuri da fsiqologiuri faqtorebi, romlebic zegavlenas ax-
denen individis agresiulobaze imdenad mravalferovania, rom maTi gan-
xilva naSroms agresiis fsiqologiur safuZvlebze miZRvnil wignad ga-
daaqcevda. Cven ki es yvelaze naklebad gvinda. agresiis Sesaxeb daweril
wignTa umravlesoba, xom swored fsiqologiuri xasiaTisaa. aseTebia l.
berkovicis, e. fromis, a. gugenbiulis, r. beronisa da d. riCardsonis
fundamenturi naSromebi. Cven ki gvinda, rogorme gavemijnoT am tenden-
cias. Tumca, agresiis zogierTi fsiqologiuri meqanizmis ganxilva au-
cileblad migvaCnia. amitom, monografiis Semdegi Tavi mas daeTmoba.
103
Tavi 7
agresiulobis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi
wina TavSi Cven visaubreT im genetikur markerebze, romlebTanac da-

kavSirebulia agresiuli qceva, agreTve im socialur pirobebze, romle-
bic xels uwyoben agresiuli pirovnebis Camoyalibebas, SevexeT agresiis
gamSveb garemo pirobebsac. pirvel TavSi agresiis fsiqologiuri meqa-
nizmebic (frustracia) ganvixileT. magram ar SevxebivarT agresiis SeT-
visebisa da agresiulobis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiur safuZvlebs. am
TavSi swored am meqanizmebze visaubrebT.
instinqtivistTa da agresiis genetikuri Teoriis momxreTa warmod-
genebSi agresia Tavisi arsiT instinqturia, e.i. universaluria da ar mo-
iTxovs daswavlas. faqtobrivad, msgavs warmodgenebs iziareben frus-
traciis Teoriis mimdevrebic (Myers 2004). magram calsaxaa, rom (maRali)
agresiulobis fenomeni (anu organizmis unari sxvadasxva gamowvevebs
upasuxos stereotipulad – agresiiT) fsiqikis garkveul Tavisebure-
bas warmoadgens, romlis CamoyalibebaSi ara marto genetikuri da dro-
is mocemul momentSi moqmedi garemo faqtorebi monawileoben, aramed
individis ukve Camoyalibebuli (an CamoyalibebaSi myofi) fsiqikac did
rols asrulebs. amitomac saintereso iqneba specifikuri fsiqikuri me-
qanizmebis calke garCeva.
agresiis fsiqologiur meqanizmebze Cven zemoTac gvqonda saubari.
kerZod, agresiis fsiqologiuri adaptaciisadmi miZRvnil TavSi, magram
axla Cven agresiulobis Camoyalibebis procesze gveqneba saubari da ara
agresiis fsiqologiis sxva aspeqtebze.
albert banduras zemoT moyvanili triaduli sqemidan (Bandura 2001)
– agresiis maprovocirebeli faqtorebi zemoT ukve mimovixileT, dag-
vrCa agresiuli qcevis SeTvisebis meqanizmebsa da agresiulobis ganmam-
tkicebel pirobebze saubari.
agresia – qcevaa, romelic SeiZleba daswavlul iqnes, rogorc uSu-
alod, ise sxvebze dakvirvebis gziT (e.w. vikaruli daswavla). mocemuli
mosazreba TiTqos ewinaaRmdegeba aqamde naTqvams agresiuli qcevis ge-
netikuri determinirebis Sesaxeb, magram es ase ar aris. agresiuli gan-
104
Tavi 7. agresiulobis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi
zraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad individma saWiroa icodes ama Tu im iara-

Ris xmareba, unda gaaCndes codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gaukeTos/uTxras
meore individs maqsimaluri tkivilis misayeneblad da a.S. am da mravali
sxva detalis codna ki daswavlis process moiTxovs (Baron & Richardson
2004).
agresiuli qcevis SeTvisebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi gza – ag-
resiuli qcevis pirdapir xelSewyobaSi mdgomareobs. nebismieri qceva,
romelsac garkveuli jildo sdevs Sedegad – ganicdis ganmtkicebas.
agresiul qcevasTan mimarTebaSi es kargad iqna nanaxi cxovelebSic. ma-
galiTisaTvis knutsonis eqsperimentebis Sexsenebac sakmarisia. rode-
sac virTagvebis agresiuli qcevis sapasuxod eqsperimentatori wyvetda
maTze eleqtrotkiviliT zemoqmedebas, eleqtrodeniT xelmeore zemoq-
medebis SemTxvevaSi virTagvebis agresia ufro mZafri xdeboda. rogorc
Cans, virTagvebi agresias `ganixilavdnen~, rogorc tkivilis Sewyvetis
winapirobas (cit. Berkowitz 2002 mixedviT). igive iqna nanaxi sxva saxis jil-
dos (sakvebi, wyali da a.S.) SemTxvevaSic (Baron & Richardson 2004). dadastu-
rebulia aseTi daswavlis arseboba adamianTanac.
agresiis vikaruli daswavla, rogorc daswavlis forma, efeqturia
im TvalsazrisiTac, rom igi ar aris dakavSirebuli cda/Secdomis prin-
cipis funqcionirebasTan da Sesabamisad, bevrad usafrTxoa. a. banduras
monacemebiT, sxva individebze dakvirvebis dros rogorc bavSvebi, ise
mozrdilebi swavloben maTTvis axal agresiul meTodebs (Bandura 1997).
Tanac, rogorc SeniSnavs avtori, daswavlisaTvis sulac ar aris saWi-
ro realuri magaliTebis demonstrireba – xSirad simboluri magali-
TebiT SemosazRvrac ki sakmarisia. Tanamedrove kino da kompiuteruli
TamaSebi virtualuri agresiis uxv magaliTs iZlevian. Sesabamisad, maTi
daswavla am gziTac Zalian advilad xdeba. kidev ufro didi mniSvnelo-
ba daswavlis procesSi eniWeba agresiuli da Zaladobrivi aqtebis daus-
jelobasa da miTumetes, sazogadoebis Tundac nawilis mier, mis mowo-
nebas. sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgoma xSirad gvevlineba SemdgomSi agresiis
mZlavr stimulatorad.
Tumca, aRniSvnis Rirsia is, rom mocemuli sakiTxis garSemo gansxva-
vebuli mosazrebac arsebobs. mkvlevarTa garkveuli ricxvi Tvlis, rom
agresia warmoadgens anTropologiur konstantas (Antropologische Kon-
stanten) anu parametrs, romelic ar eqvemdebareba garemos zemoqmedebas
da romlis sididec daaxloebiT erTnairia epoqis miuxedavad (Elias 1989;
Буровский 2009). am sakiTxis garSemo saubari Sors wagviyvanda, amitom da-
vubrundeT ZiriTad Temas.
agresiis ganviTarebaze pirdapiri zegavlena da agresiulobis Camo-
yalibebaSi centraluri adgili – agresiisTvis dajildoebis meqanizmebs
105
gaaCniaT. es meqanizmebi mravalgvaria da zemoqmedebasac ori gansxvave-

buli gziT axorcieleben: 1) asruleben motivis rols, romelic ubiZgebs
organizmebs moqmedebisken; 2) gvevlinebian garkveuli qceviTi paternis
(am SemTxvevaSi agresiulis) ganmamtkicebel faqtorebad, romelic xels
uwyobs am tipis qcevis SenarCunebas (Berkowitz 2002). pirvel SemTxvevaSi,
agresia dakavSirebulia im siamovnebasTan, romelic mosdevs Tan jil-
dos miRebas. l. berkovici am tipis motivis gamo warmoSobil agresias
instrumentul agresiad miiCnevs, radganac igi rezultatis miRebazea
orientirebuli. Cven ki vTvliT, rom masSi rasakvirvelia aris mZlavri
instrumentuli komponentic, magram siamovnebis miRebaze damyarebuli
agresia, Cveni klasifikaciis meoTxe tips miekuTvneba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, jildo aseve moqmedebs, rogorc ganmamtkicebeli
faqtori da am saxiT igi xels uwyobs agresiuli qcevis garkveulwilad
gauazrebel SeTvisebasac ki. gamodis, rom (da am TezisSi Cven sruliad
veTanxmebiT l. berkovics) erTi mxriv, adamiani Segnebulad miiswrafvis
misTvis pozitiuri rezultatebis misaRebad – efeqturi qceviTi stra-
tegiis gamomuSavebis gziT da meore mxriv, igi amgvarad reagirebs imi-
tom, rom mas ukve CvevaSi aqvs es.
agresiuli qmedebis Cadenisas udidesi roli ekuTvnis subieqtis mi-
er mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefasebas. nanaxi iqna, rom samarTaldamrRve-
vi mozardebi (gamosasworebeli dawesebulebis aRsazrdelebi) ufro me-
tad, vidre misi Tanatolebi (Cveulebrivi skolis moswavleebi) Tvlian,
rom agresiuli qceva zrdis maT avtoritets da amiT mTlianobaSi amar-
Tlebs Tavis Tavs (Slaby & Guerra 1988). Tanatolebis, zogadad jgufis moq-
medebis efeqti Zalzed mZlavria. jgufi, seqta, banda (gansakuTrebiT
mozardebSi, Tumca aseve mozrdilebSic) mravaljer zrdis misi Semadge-
neli wevrebis agresiulobas (e.w. sistemuri efeqti). aseT mdgomareobaSi
maT iseTi sisastikis danaSaulic ki SeuZliaT Caidinon, romlis ganxor-
cieleba gamoricxuli iqneboda marto yofis SemTxvevaSi. bavSvisa da mo-
zardis dajildoebis wyaro xSirad ojaxis wevrebic arian. swored ojax-
Si iwyebs formirebas mravali agresiuli individis xasiaTi.
agresiuli qcevis ganmtkiceba SesaZlebelia moxdes negatiuri gan-
mtkicebis gziTac. Tu gavixsenebT imas, rom agresia ufro xSirad indi-
vidis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaze reaqcias warmoadgens gasagebia,
rom agresiis negatiuri ganmtkiceba, anu aversiuli stimulisa Tu situ-
aciis mocileba am qcevis saSualebiT, sakmaod gavrcelebuli movlenaa
rogorc adamianebSi, ise cxovelebSi. cxovelebSi, amis dasasabuTeblad
knutsonis ukve aRwerili eqsperimentebi gamodgeba. adamianSi, gansakuT-
rebiT bavSvebSi ki mravali gamokvlevaa Catarebuli am sakiTxebis garSe-
mo. maTSi naCvenebia, rom Tu agresiis Sedegad erTi bavSvi aRwevs meore
106
Tavi 7. agresiulobis Camoyalibebis fsiqologiuri meqanizmebi
bavSvis, misTvis gamRizianebeli qcevis Sewyvetas, es qceva ganicdis gam-

yarebas da aRniSnuli individi xSirad mimarTavs mas SemdgomSic (Patter-
son 1986). Tanac, rogorc g. patersoni SeniSnavs, negatiuri ganmtkiceba
zrdis imis albaTobas, rom es bavSvebi momavalSi Seuteven sxvebs, Tanac
amjerad yovelgvari provocirebis gareSe.
yvela zemoganxiluli da rigi sxva meqanizmis saSualebiT individi
yalibdeba agresiul pirovnebad, adamianad, romelic garSemomyof indi-
videbTan urTierTobisas xSirad mimarTavs agresiuli qcevis paterns.
gansakuTrebiT xSirad amas e.w. emociuri agresiis mqone pirebi mimar-
Taven. rasakvirvelia, ar SevcdebiT, Tu vityviT, rom emociebi sawyisia
nebismieri saxis agresiisa (Archer & Coyne 2005; Panksepp 1998), magram emo-
ciuri agresiis SemTxvevaSi es emociebi dominireben agresiuli qcevis
realizaciis drosac. gansxvavebiT instrumentuli agresiisagan, rome-
lic SedarebiT sustad aris `SeRebili~ emociuri TvalsazrisiT. aseTi
piri agresias sCadis mxolod sakuTari miznis misaRwevad. Sesabamisad,
risxvis emociebi maTTvis naklebad aris damaxasiaTebeli, Tumca es maT
agresias sazogadoebrivad naklebad saSiSs rodi xdis.
107
Tavi 8
agresiuli qcevis biologiuri induqtorebi
dRemde danamdvilebiT ar aris cnobili gaaCnia Tu ara agresias ma-

Ralspecifikuri biologiuri induqtori (qimiuri ingredienti Tu rai-
me specifikuri nervuli struqtura). mkvlevarTa umravlesoba uaryofs
aseTi induqtoris arsebobas da agresias, rogorc sxva rTul qcevas,
mravali motivaciuri bunebis movlenad miiCnevs – regulaciis rTuli
meqanizmebis mqoned. Tumca, drodadro samecniero statiebSi vxvdebiT
agresiis specifikuri peptidis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb informacias, magram
aseTi statiebi maleve eZleva daviwyebas.
mocemuli Tavis qveTavebSi SevecdebiT gavaanalizoT es problema
da SemogTavazoT sakuTari xedvac.
8.1. agresiul qcevaSi monawile neiroanatomiuri struqturebi

anatomia – bedia!
zigmund froidi
agresiis warmoSobis Sesaxeb arsebul Tanamedrove literaturaSi

naCvenebia statistikurad sarwmuno kavSiri agresiasa da mis mraval bi-
ologiur prediqts Soris. rigi avtorebisa, agresias ukavSirebs media-
torTa cvlis Taviseburebebs, sxvebi tvinis mikroanatomiuri agebule-
bis im darRvevebs, romelTa gamovlena moxerxda pozitronul-emisiuri
tomografiis, birTvul-magnituri rezonansis, tvinis kompiuteruli
tomografiisa Tu eleqtroencefalografiis saSualebiT (Дмитриева da
T.a. 1998; Иващенко da T.a. 1998).
rasakvirvelia, saboloo jamSi agresiuli qceva Sidaorganizmuli
meqanizmebis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. amitom misi materialuri sub-
stratis dadgena umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens. am mimarTule-
biT Catarebuli kvlevebi, pirobiTad or ZiriTad mimarTulebad SeiZle-
ba davyoT: nervuli da humoruli. tradiciis mixedviT prioriteti ner-
vul mimarTulebas ekuTvnis (Tumca, ukve didi xania, rac intensiurad
midis am ori mimarTulebis integrirebis procesi. aRniSnuli procesis
108
safuZvels is warmoadgens, rom nervul sistemaSi informaciis gadace-

mis procesi, upiratesad qimiuri komponentebis – neirotransmiterebis
saSualebiT xdeba).
adamianis agresiulobis meqanizmebis garkvevaSi, didia cxovelebze
Catarebuli gamokvlevebis roli. gasagebi mizezebis gamo eqsperimen-
tuli Carevis diapazoni adamianSi mkveTradaa SezRuduli. cxovelebSi
ki SesaZlebelia mravali sxvadasaxva meTodis gamoyeneba: tvinis gar-
kveuli ubnebis eleqtruli stimulireba an dazianeba, farmakologiur
preparatTa mikroineqciebi, calkeuli neironebis aqtivobis registri-
reba, eleqtroencefalografia, kompiuteruli da pozitronul-emisiu-
ri tomografia, birTvul-magnituri rezonansis meTodis gamoyeneba da
sxva (Буреш da T.a. 1991; Пошивалов 1986). mkvlevarTa mxridan adgili hqon-
da (da aqvs) agresiuli qcevis centrebis zusti lokalizaciis dadgenis
mcdelobas. Tumca mecnierTa meore jgufi, aseT meTodologiur midgo-
mas arasworad miiCnevs (Delgado 1985).
tvinis im struqturaTa siis sanaxavad, romlebic monawileoben ag-
resiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi, ixileT cxrili 8.1.1. (Пошивалов 1986).
cxrili 8.1.1
agresiul qcevaTa tipebi da tvinis `Sesabamisi~ struqturebi
agresiuli tvinis gamaaqtivebeli tvinis damamuxruWe-

qcevis tipi struqturebi beli struqturebi
mamrTaSorisi SuSisebri kompleqsi ynosvis bolqvi;
agresia (centraluri da medialuri kudiani birTvis Tavi
(konkurentuli) birTvebi);
ukana ventrolateraluri
Talamusi;
lateraluri hipoTalamusi;
centraluri ruxi nivTiereba
teritoriuli hipokampi lateraluri nuSisebri kompleqsi
agresia bazolateraluri
SiSiT gamowveu- nuSisebri kompleqsi (cen- ventromedialuri hi-
li agresia tromedialuri birTvebi); poTalamusi; Zgide;
tvinis TaRi (fornix) dorsaluri hipokampi
dedobrivi hipoTalamusi; ventraluri Zgide; bazolateralu-
agresia hipokampi ri nuSisebri
kompleqsi
eleqtrotkivi- dorsomedialuri hipoTala- ventromedialuri hi-
liTi stimula- musi; ukana hipoTalamusi poTalamusi; bazola-
ciiT gamowveu- teraluri nuSisebri
li agresia kompleqsi; kudiani
birTvi
109
rogorc aRmoCnda, adamianis limburi sistemis naTxemis wilis dazi-

anebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs anomaliuri agresiuli qcevis gamovlenaSi
(Garza-Trevino 1994).
aRsaniSnavia, rom agresiuli pasuxi SesaZlebelia miviRoT tvinis ro-
gorc specifikuri, ise araspecifikuri sistemebis eleqtrostimulaci-
iT. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, qceviTi reaqciebi iqnebian situaciurad
damokidebulni. mag., lateraluri hipoTalamusis eleqtrostimulacia
virTagvebSi iwvevs agresias mimarTuls subdominanti virTagvebis, mag-
ram ara dominantebis an mdedris winaaRmdeg (Симонов 1986).
limburi sistemis garda, agresiuli reaqciis CamoyalibebaSi udide-
si roli ekuTvnis hemisferoebis qerqs. amis dadgena im araCveulebrivi
SemTxvevis Semdeg gaxda cnobili, romelic fineas geijs SeemTxva (ix. mi-
si ganxilva Bloom da T.a. 1988). mkvlevarTaTvis cnobili gaxda Tavis tvi-
nis qerqis Sublis wilis monawileoba agresiuli qcevis genezSi. igi iw-
vevs adamianis reaqtiulobis zrdas da agresiul pasuxs Cveulebriv gam-
Rizianeblebzec ki (Heinrichs 1989; Silver & Yudofsky 1987; Weiger & Bear 1988).
gorenStainma yuradReba miaqcia limburi sistemisa da qerqis Sublis wi-
lis dazianebis mqone cxovelebisa da mcirewlovani damnaSaveebis anti-
socialuri qcevis identurobas (Gorenstein 1990). anamnezSi tvinis orga-
nuli dazianebis mqone, Zaladobisadmi midrekili avadmyofebis Seswav-
lam, kompiuteruli tomografiisa da birTvul-magnituri rezonansis
meTodis gamoyenebiT aCvena, rom maT aReniSnebodaT safeTqlis wilis
wina-qveda fragmentisa da nuSisebri birTvis seleqtiuri dazianeba. av-
toris mier es struqturebi interpretirebuli iyo, rogorc Zaladobis
neiroanatomiuri substrati (Tonkonogy 1991). sxva gamokvlevaSi, rome-
lic Catarebul iqna mkacri zedamxedvelobis fsiqiatriuli hospitalis
(Maximum security mental hospital) 372 pacientze, mkvlevarebma naxes, rom Ca-
denili agresiuli danaSaulis simZime kargad korelirebda safeTqlis
wilis organuli dazianebisa da am ubnis bioeleqtruli aqtivobis xaris-
xsTan (Wong da T.a. 1994). msgavsi monacemebi miRebul iqna kriminal fsi-
qopatebsa da anomaliuri sqesobrivi qcevis (maT Soris sadisturi) mqone
adamianebSic; iq Zaladobis neiroanatomiuri substratis lokalizaci-
is adgilad Subl-safeTqlis wili iqna dasaxelebuli (Введенский da T.a.
2001). devianturi sqesobrivi qcevis warmomadgenelTa moxvedra am siaSi
ar aris gasakviri. jer erTi imitom, rom zogierTi seqsualuri xasiaTis
deviacia agresiul qcevas miekuTvneba (sadizmi, gaupatiureba (Горинов,
Пережогин 2001; Malamuth 1986)). meorec, rogorc fsiqoanalizis praqti-
kam aCvena, Rrma gancdebi, romelic Tavad subieqts sqesobrivi moTxov-
nileba hgonia, xSirad sruliad sxva, araseqsualuri grZnobebidan aris
gamomdinare (Fromm 1994).
110
cnobilia, rom tvinis sxvadasxva ubanze zemoqmedeba, agreTve sxva-

dasxva farmakopreparatebis ineqciebi organizmSi, gansxvavebuli tipis
agresiuli qcevis (TavdasxmiTi, TavdacviTi, mtacebluri) generaciasa
da modulacias iwvevs. logikuria vivaraudoT, rom yvela maTgani saku-
Tari, intimuri meqanizmebiT imarTeba (Буреш da T.a. 1991). katis hipoTa-
lamusis sxvadasxva ubnebis gaRizianebiT Cven SegviZlia miviRoT: Tav-
dasxma gaafTrebiT, `civi Tavdasxma~ emociuri agznebis niSnebis gareSe,
gaafTrebis eqspresia Tavdasxmis gareSe. eqsperimentulad miRebuli es
monacemebi gamoxatulebaa bunebaSi arsebuli Semdegi movlenisa: mta-
ceblebs nadirobisas ar SeemCnevaT simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis mZafri
agzneba, xolo Sidasaxeobrivi konfliqtis dros ki es sistema ukidure-
sad agznebulia (Симонов 1986). rogorc Cans, mtacebluri agresia, gar-
kveuli azriT, ganyenebulad dgas agresiis sxva saxeebisagan da mWidrod
aris dakavSirebuli kvebiT qcevasTan. procedurebi, romlebic aZlie-
reben SimSils (kvebiTi deprivacia, lateralur hipoTalamusSi arsebu-
li `kvebiTi centrebis~ stimulacia da sxv.), sxvadasxva cxovelebSi, ro-
gorc wesi, zrdian mtacebluri qcevis intensivobasac. piriqiT, kvebiTi
motivaciis daTrgunva (anoreqtogenuli preparatebis Seyvana da a.S.) ki
amcirebs mtaceblis reaqciebsac (Шерстенев 1990).
Tumca adgili aqvs sxva saxis kanonzomierebebsac. kveba da Tavdasxma
iseve komplementarulebi arian erTmaneTis mimarT, rogorc afagia da
Tavdacva, e.i. hipoTalamusis ventromedialuri struqturebis aqtiva-
cias mivyavarT afagiamde da TavdacviT aqtivobamde, xolo am struqtu-
rebis dazianebas ki – hiperfagiamde da agresiuli qcevis gaZlierebamde
(Пошивалов 1986).
8.2. agresiuli qceva da tvinis funqciuri asimetria
tvinis hemisferoTa funqciuri asimetria, rogorc am sistemis muSa-

obis erT-erTi fundamenturi maxasiaTebeli (Доброхотова 2006), mniSvne-
lovanwilad gansazRvravs individis fsiqikur mdgomareobasa da saqmi-
anobas. gamonakliss arc agresiuli qceva da agresiasTan dakavSirebuli
emociebi warmoadgenen.
mocemuli sakiTxis ganxilva jer cxovelebze arsebuli masalebiT
daviwyoT da Semdeg gadavideT adamianze.
agresiis Sefasebisas virTagvebis mier Tagvebis mokvdinebis testis
mixedviT, nanaxi iqna, rom adreuli gamocdilebis mqone virTagvebSi,
marjvena naxevarsferos qerqis eqstirpacias, mokluli Tagvebis nak-
lebi raodenoba Seesabameboda, vidre marcxena naxevarsferos qerqis
eqstirpacias (Denenberg 1981). sxva eqsperimentebSi wiwilaTa marcxena
111
naxevarsferos inaqtivacia (gansxvavebiT marjvena naxevarsferos inaq-

tivaciisagan) aZlierebda agresiasa da sqesobriv qcevas, xolo analogi-
uri zemoqmedeba marjvena naxevarsferoze, amcirebda SiSis emocias, rac
kargad korelirebda moZraobiTi aqtivobis naxevarsferovan asimetri-
asTan. rogorc Cans, marcxena naxevarsfero amuxruWebs agresiuli qce-
vis marealizebel struqturaTa aqtivobas (Бианки, Филиппова 1987).
Tumca, literaturaSi moiZebneba gansxvavebuli monacemebic. maTi
mixedviT, cxovelebSi àraavtomatizirebul~ agresiul qcevaSi domini-
rebs marjvena naxevarsfero, xolo maRalagresiul, didi gamocdilebis
mqone cxovelebSi – marcxena. Tanac, maRalagresiuli cxovelebis tvi-
ni ufro lateralizebulia, vidre araagresiulebis. am winaaRmdegobis
asaxsnelad avtorebs SemoaqvT Sidaagresiuli qcevis `mcirevadiani~ da
`xangrZlivi~ programirebis cneba da Tvlian, rom pirveli maTgani mar-
cxena naxevarsferosTanaa dakavSirebuli, meore ki marjvenasTan. maTi
azriT, agresiis qronobiologiur xasiaTTanaa dakavSirebuli zemoT
moyvanili winaaRmdegobis mizezi (Пошивалов 1986).
arsebobs saintereso monacemebi, romlebic metyveleben marjvena da
marcxena naxevarsferoSi neirotransmiterebis mTeli speqtris – ace-
tilqolinis, noradrenalinis, dofaminis (am nivTierebebis rolze agre-
siuli qcevis realizaciaSi, cota qvemoT visaubrebT) asimetriul gana-
wilebaze cxovelebSi, kerZod TeTr virTagvebSi (Заика, Громов 1987).
rogorc cnobilia, adamianSi naxevarsferuli asimetriis xasiaTi
principulad gansxvavdeba cxovelebSi arsebulisagan. Tanac, ara marto
imiT, rom adamians cxovelisagan gansxvavebuli mravali funqciebi gaaC-
nia, aramed imiTac, rom adamianis naxevarsferoebi araekvipotenturia
(Мосидзе da T.a. 1990). erTic da meorec (rogorc naxevarsferoTa araek-
vipotenturoba, ise adamianis tvinis mTeli rigi unikaluri Tvisebebi –
mag., grZelvadiani prognozirebis unari) garkveul funqciebs asrulebs
agresiuli qcevis inducirebasa da ganviTarebaSi.
amitom, sulac ar aris gasakviri, rom agresiuli da anomaliuri sqe-
sobrivi qceva, adamianSic naxevarsferuli asimetriis darRvevasTanaa
dakavSirebuli. deviantTa jgufSi bevrad ufro metia pirebi marcxenam-
xrivi niSnebiT, rac marjvena naxevarsferos dominantomaze miuTiTebs
(Введенский da T.a. 2001).
sxva gamokvlevaSi, eeg-is analizis Sedegad nanaxi iqna, rom mamro-
biTi sqesis pirebs anomaliuri sqesobrivi ltolvebiT – parafiliebiT
(maT Soris sadistebsa da seqsualuri mkvlelebs), aReniSnebodaT naxe-
varsferoTa funqcionaluri asimetriis lateralizaciis Semcireba da
ufro simetriuli tvinis formireba (Иващенко da T.a. 1997).
112
saintereso, magram winaaRmdegobrivi monacemebi arsebobs agresias-

Tan dakavSirebuli emociuri reaqciebis lateralizaciazec. am sakiTxis
garSemo Sesrulebul adreul gamokvlevebSi gamoTqmuli iyo mosazreba
marjvena naxevarsferos upiratesi emociurobis Sesaxeb (Stenberg 1992).
Tumca, u. heleris kvlevebSi uaryofiTi niSnis maRali emociuri daZabu-
lobisas aqtivirebuli iyo upiratesad marcxena hemisferos wina qerqi
(Heller 1993). Semdgom wlebSi Sesrulebul statiebSi xSirad (Tumca, ara-
yovelTvis) figurirebda mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom orive niSnis emoci-
is generireba SesaZlebelia orive naxevarsferoSi, xolo monacemTa ara-
erTgvarovneba SeiZleba axsnili iqnas Sesaswavl emociaTa intensivobisa
da adamianTa individualur Tvisebebis sxvaobiT da sxva mizezebiT (Can-
li da T.a., 2002; Jessimer & Markham, 1997; Thayer & Johnsen, 2000). marTlac, u.
heleris zemoT moyvanil kvlevaSi yuradReba eqceva emociis ara marto
niSans, aramed aqtivaciis sididis gamomxatvel monacems – intensivobas,
rac marTlac SesaZlebelia erT-erTi gasaRebi iyos winaaRmdegobrivi
monacemebis asaxsnelad. ukanasknel wlebSi miRebuli Sedegebi metyve-
leben, rom marcxena naxevarsfero pasuxismgebelia dadebiTi emociebis
aRqmasa da eqspresiaze, xolo marjvena ki – uaryofiTi emociebis, magram
amave dros, normaSi emociuri sferos qerquli regulacia xorcieldeba
orive naxevarsferos urTierTobis Sedegad (Baehr da T.a. 2003; Davidson da
T.a. 2000a; Heller & Nitscke, 1997; Peterson da T.a. 2008; Tomarken & Keener 1998).
agresiul pirovnebebSi tvinis funqciuri asimetriis Seswavlam aCvena,
rom marcxena naxevarsferos muSaobis gauareseba xels uwyobs deviantu-
ri qcevis ganviTarebas (cit. Степанян da T.a. 2009 mixedviT). es SesaZle-
belia gamowveulia imiT, rom marcxena naxevarsferos dabali aqtivoba
situacias xdis gaugebars, araverbalizebads da Sesabamisad, emociuri
TvalsazrisiT – uaryofiTs (Степанян da T.a. 2009). aseve, uaryofiTi emo-
ciebis prevalirebisas SeiniSneboda marjvena naxevarsferos SesamCnevi
aqtivacia ZiriTadi aqcentiT marjvena safeTqlisa da wina-qvemo-safeT-
qlis wilebSi (F8, T4) (Raine & Yang 2006; van Elst da T.a. 2000), xolo delin-
kventuri qcevis mqone pirebSi marjvena naxevarsferos aqtivacia maRali
iyo (Киренская 2007). meore mxriv, zogierTi mkvlevaris mixedviT marjvena
prefrontaluri qerqis aqtivobis zrda Trgunavs mrisxanebisa da mZvin-
varebis uaryofiTad Seferil emociebs, romlebic agresiis erT-erT ga-
movlenas warmoadgenen (Demaree da T.a. 2005; Harmon-Jones & Sigelman 2001).
didi masalaa dagrovili emociuri sferos neirofsiqologiasa da
neirofsiqiatriaSi. am dargebSi miRebuli monacemebi adastureben ide-
as marjvena naxevarsferos ufro Zlieri emociurobis Sesaxeb. kerZod,
swored marjvena naxevarsferos struqturebis dazianebis Sedegad ad-
gili aqvs ufro Zlier afeqtur darRvevebs (Хомская 2003).
113
rogorc vxedavT, umravlesoba mkvlevarebisa iziarebs ideas agresi-

ul qcevaSi marjvena naxevarsferos ufro mniSvnelovani rolis Sesaxeb,
magram amave dros arsebobs mravali gamokvleva, romelic miuTiTebs am
procesSi marcxena naxevarsferos mniSvnelovan rolzec. albaT, lite-
raturul monacemTa es araerTgvarovneba, bunebaSi arsebul urTierTo-
baTa sirTulis asaxvaa da, umravles SemTxvevaSi, sulac ar aris meTodo-
logiurad gaumarTavi kvlevebis Sedegi.
8.3. agresiuli qcevis neiroqimiuri da hormonuli meqanizmebi
agresiuli qcevis Seswavla neiroanatomiuri, hormonuli da eleq-

trofiziologiuri donidan, sul ufro metad gadadis neirohormonul
da neiromediatorul doneze. swored aman gaxada SesaZlebeli movlenis
ufro natifi kvleva, radganac aseTi midgomis SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs
nervuli da endokrinuli meqanizmebis erTdroul analizs. rac iZleva
saSualebas agresiis realuri, materialuri substratis dadgenisa.
arsebobs mravali nivTiereba, romelic aZlierebs ukve Camoyalibe-
bul agresiul qcevas. meore mxriv, cnobilia, da aman asaxva hpova Cvens
mimoxilvaSic, rom adgili aqvs agresiuli qcevis daswavlis process,
romelic rogorRac fiqsirdeba centralur nervul sistemaSi. miuxe-
davad amisa, dResdReobiT ver moxerxda specifikuri àgresogenuli~
nivTierebis gamoyofa. rogorc Cans, aseTi specifikuri nivTiereba arc
arsebobs.
eTologiur modelebze agresiuli qcevis hormonuli safuZvlebis
intensiuri Seswavla, sakmao xania rac daiwyo (Miczek da T.a. 1984). rac Se-
exeba adamianebs, eTikuri mizezebis gamo, aseTi saxis kvlevebi, xSirad
mxolod agresiulobis donesa da ama Tu im hormons Soris korelaciis
dadgeniT Semoifarglebian (Giammanco da T.a. 2005).
agresiis hormonuli determinantebis ganxilvamde unda SevniSnoT,
rom bunebriv pirobebSi myofi cxovelebisTvis, agresiuli qceva iSvia-
Tad warmoadgens TviTmizans da ZiriTadad, instrumentia iseTi Sedege-
bis misaRwevad, rogorebicaa: konkurenciis daZleva sakvebisa da sqesob-
rivi partnioris mopovebis, tkivilisagan Tavdacvis saqmeSi da sxva. ami-
tom is nivTierebebi, romlebic aregulireben kvebiT, sqesobriv qcevas
Tu tkiviliT reaqciebs SesaZlebelia zemoqmedebas axdendnen agresiis
im tipebze, romelic qcevis zemoT CamoTvlil formebTanaa dakavSire-
buli (Рылов 1985).
radganac arc erTi qceviTi reaqciis substrati ar aris monoqimiuri
da zogierT neiromediators aqvs damamuxruWebeli, zogs ki gamaaqtive-
beli moqmedeba (Кулагин, Болондинский 1986), Cven aucileblad CavTvaleT
114
gagveanalizebina mravali nivTierebis agresogenuli moqmedeba. miTume-

tes, rogorc aRvniSneT, specifikuri agresogenuli nivTiereba bunebaSi
ar arsebobs.
8.3.1. androgenebi
im faqtma, rom mamrebSi agresiis done bevrad ufro maRalia vidre

mdedrebSi, xolo mdedrebsa da mamrebs Soris arsebuli morfologiu-
ri, fiziologiuri, eTologiuri (adamianebSi – fsiqologiuri) sxvaobis
(sqesobrivi dimorfizmis) mTeli speqtri mniSvnelovanwilad sasqeso
hormonebiTaa ganpirobebuli – mkvlevarebi miiyvana daskvnamde, rom ag-
resiis induqtors mamrobiTi sasqeso hormonebi – androgenebi warmoad-
genen. albaT amitom, androgenebi hormonTa Soris yvelaze xSirad gani-
xilebian agresiuli qcevis induqtorebad (Giammanco da T.a. 2005).
marTlac, cnobilia, rom mamrebis kastracia amcirebs Sidasaxeobriv
agresias. misi aRdgena SesaZlebelia testosteronis propionatis ineq-
ciiT. androgenTa amgvari moqmedeba naCvenebia mravali sxvadasxva saxeo-
bis organizmTa Seswavlisas (Nelson, 2000; Simon & Lu, 2006). Tanac, testos-
teroni zrdis mdedrebis agresiulobasac. 3 kviris ganmavlobaSi izola-
ciaSi myofi mamri virTagvebis agresiuli reaqciebis Tavidan acileba
xorcieldeba kastraciiT, xolo SenarCuneba ki meTiltestosteronis
CamnacvlebiTi TerapiiT. testosteronis preparatis Seyvanis imavdro-
ulad antiandrogenuli preparatis – flutamidis micema, garkveuli
drois manZilze amcirebda agresiul reaqcias (Резников, Варга 1988). pe-
rinataluri kastracia TagvebSic (Mus musculus) amcirebs mozrdili cxo-
velis agresiulobas (Motelica-Heino da T.a. 1993). dauzianebeli gonadebis
mqone mozrdil mamal TagvebSi testosteronis propionatis qronikuli
Seyvana amcirebda oponentisadmi muqaris gamovlenis latentur dros
(Martinez-Sanchis da T.a.1998). agreTve dadgenilia, rom mamr makakebSi (Ma-
caca mulatta) testosteronis done Tav-zurg-tvinis siTxeSi korelirebda
agresiulobis donesTan (Higley da T.a. 1996a). gamravlebis sezonis dros
am siTxesa da plazmaSi testosteronis donis zrda dakavSirebulia ag-
resiulobis donis zrdasTan (Mehlman da T.a.1997).
androgenebi aadvileben rogorc TavdasxmiT, ise teritoriul qce-
vas. zogierTi mkvlevari Tvlis, rom maTi amgvari efeqti, ufro metad
sensorul analizatorebze moqmedebis Sedegia, vidre motivaciuri me-
qanizmebis modulaciisa (Пошивалов 1986).
estrusis dros mdedrobiTi sasqeso hormonebis – estrogenebis
efeqtebi mdedrebSi vlindeba, upirveles yovlisa, ucnobi mamrebis mi-
marT agresiuli qcevis damuxruWebaSi. Tumca, konkurenciiT gamowveu-
115
li konfliqtebis raodenoba am dros ar mcirdeba. sxva eqsperimentSi,

mdedr virTagvaTa 75%, romelTac Seyvanili hqondaT testosteroni
Tavs esxmodnen ucnob mamars. aseve iqceoda estradiolSeyvanil mded-
rTa mxolod 6% (Пошивалов 1986).
agresiis meqanizmebis Seswavlisas, Cvenc swored testosteronis ag-
resogenuli moqmedebis gamo am nivTierebaze SevaCereT yuradReba. dam-
naSaveebSi Catarebul gamokvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom sisxlis plazma-
Si testosteronis koncentracia agresiul damnaSaveTa jgufSi (eqspe-
rimentaluri jgufi) stiudentis t koeficientis mixedviT sarwmunod ar
gansxvavdeboda naklebad agresiul damnaSaveTa jgufSi (e.w sakontro-
lo jgufi) miRebuli Sedegebisagan. man-uitnis U kriteriumma ki sxva Se-
degebi aCvena. am meTodis mixedviT, agresiul damnaSaveebSi testoste-
ronis done sarwmunod ufro maRali iyo (suraTi 8.3.1.1). cnobilia, rom
sur. 8.3.1.1. testosteronis – t (ng/ml), adrenalinisa (a) da

noradrenalinis – na (mkg/dRe-Rame) koncentracia agresiuli da
araagresiuli danaSaulis Camdeni pirebis sisxlsa da SardSi.
testosteronis da noradrenalinis SemTxvevaSi gansxvaveba agresiul
da araagresiul damnaSaveTa jgufs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
116
Tu SerCeviTi erToblioba mcire jgufs warmoadgens, prioriteti unda

mivakuTvnoT araparametruli analizis meTodebs (Glantz 1994; Юнкеров,
Григорьев 2002). maSasadame, agresiul pirebSi testosteronis koncentra-
cia ufro maRali aRmoCnda.
erTi SexedviT, Cveni monacemebi eTanxmeba literaturaSi arsebul
masalas testosteronis rolze agresiuli qcevis induqciis saqmeSi.
gansakuTrebiT kargad am kanonzomierebis arseboba cxovelebSia da-
sabuTebuli (Craig 2007), Tumca, adamianebSic aris miRebuli Sesabamisi
masala. kerZod, dabsis mier Seswavlil damnaSaveTa sisxlSi testoste-
ronis koncentracia ufro maRali hqondaT moZaladeebs, vidre im dam-
naSaveebs vinc danaSauli Caidina Zaladobis gamoyenebis gareSe (Dabbs da
T.a. 1987). amave jgufis mier Sesrulebul sxva kvlevaSi Seswavlil iqna 4
aTasi amerikeli omis veteranis piradi saqme, testosteronsa da agresi-
as Soris SesaZlo kavSiris dasadgenad. sisxlSi testosteronis yvelaze
maRali Semcvelobis mqone pirTa jgufi Sedarebul iqna yvelaze dabali
koncentraciis mqonesTan. am ukanasknelT bevrad ufro naklebi proble-
mebi aRmoaCndaT armiaSi samsaxuris dros, vidre pirvelebs (Dabbs & Mor-
ris 1990). sxva statiebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom mamakacebSi testosteronis
ufro maRali done, momatebul agresiasTan aris dakavSirebuli (Berman
da T.a. 1993; Olweus 1986). ukanasknel xanebSi Catarebul kvlevaTa umrav-
lesobaSi naCvenebi iqna, rom testosteroni aadvilebs agresiul qcevas
(Simonoff da T.a. 1998). zogierTi avtoris mixedviT testosteronis done
uSualod dakavSirebulia provocirebuli agresiis sididesTan, xolo
araprovocirebuli agresiis sididesTan mas mxolod arapirdapiri kav-
Siri aqvs (Olweus 1987). aseve, naCvenebi iqna, rom testosteronis koncen-
tracia kargad korelirebda spontanuri agresiis donesa da dominire-
bis moTxovnilebasTan (Christiansen & Krussmann 1987). mravali mkvlevaris
mier nanaxi iqna, rom androgenebis koncentracia kargad korelirebda
aseve, iseT pirovnul TvisebebTan, rogoricaa TviTgamoxatva, domini-
rebisaken da epataJisaken ltolva (Schalling 1987). dominirebisa da tes-
tosteronis donis kavSirze zRva literatura arsebobs, sadac sarwmu-
nodaa naCvenebi, rom androgenebis maRali done gaaCniaT dominant da/
an agonistur SetakebebSi gamarjvebul cxovelebs (Buck & Barnes 2003;
Cavigelli & Pereira, 2000; Hardy da T.a. 2002; Oyegbile & Marler 2005) da Sejib-
rebebSi gamarjvebul adamianebs (Bernhardt da T.a. 1998; Giammanco da T.a.
2005; McCaul da T.a. 1992; Schultheiss da T.a. 2005; Zitzmann & Nieschlag 2001).
rigi avtorebisa miiCnevs, rom swored dominirebasa da testosteronis
koncentracias Soris arsebobs Zlieri dadebiTi korelacia da ara ag-
resiasa da testosteronis dones Soris, Tumca am ukanasknelTa Sorisac
korelacia dadebiTia (Anderson & Summers 2006; Archer 2006; Mazur & Booth
117
1998). magram, radganac, rogorc wesi, agonistur SetakebebSi gamarjve-

bul individebs Tvlian dominantebad (Bjorkqvist 2001) da agresiuli qce-
va ufro xSirad gxvdeba ierarqiis Camoyalibebis procesSi (de Almeida da
T.a. 2005), amitom mravali mkvlevari faqtobrivad aigivebs dominirebasa
da agresiulobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom dominanti individebi zogjer
sulac ar arian populaciaSi yvelaze agresiulebi (Sapolsky 2005). Tumca
isic naTelia, rom dominanti agresiulobis sakmaod maRali doniT unda
xasiaTdebodes, rom miaRwios da SeinarCunos Tavisi statusi.
amave dros cnobilia, rom agresiuli qcevis erT-erT umZlavres in-
duqtors warmoadgens frustracia (Baron & Richardson, 2004; David da T.a.
2004; Dollard da T.a. 1939; Summers & Winberg, 2006). Tavis mxriv, frustracia
emociur stresTanaa kavSirSi. xolo stresi ki Trgunavs androgenebis
sinTezs – virTagvebSi (Andersen da T.a. 2004; Hardy da T.a. 2005; Razzoli da
T.a. 2006), TagvebSi (Dong da T.a. 2004), zazunebSi (Castro & Matt 1997), prima-
tebSi (Lado-Abeal 2001; Динзбург da T.a. 1992), adamianebSi (Elman da T.a. 2001;
Fernandez-Garcia da T.a. 2002; Gomez-Merino da T.a. 2002; Oltmanns da T.a. 2005;
Yen & Jaffe 2004). Tanac, am efeqts adgili aqvs sxvadasxva bunebis streso-
rebis moqmedebisas (Andersen da T.a. 2004, Razzoli da T.a. 2006). aseve cno-
bilia, rom permanentuli Sejaxebisas agonisturi urTierToba rogorc
gamarjvebuli, ise damarcxebuli individebisTvis SeiZleba Tanabrad
stresogenuli iyos (Summers & Winberg 2006). gamodis, rom testosteroni
yovelTvis ver iqneba agresiuli qcevis induqtori. am mosazrebas exmi-
anebian gamokvlevebi, sadac saerTod uaryofilia testosteronis mona-
wileoba agresiul qcevaSi (Aujard & Perret 1998; Bain da T.a. 1987; Bjorkvist da
T.a. 1994; Bradford & McLean 1984; Morgan da T.a. 2000). Malmquist-i Tavis mo-
nografiaSi, miZRvnils Zaladobis klinikuri, socialuri, iuridiuli,
epidemiologiuri da biologiuri aspeqtebisadmi, saerTod uaryofs ro-
melime hormonis momatebuli koncentraciis rols agresiis gamowvevis
saqmeSi. is Tvlis, rom individisaTvis gamovlenili hormonuli statusi
ar asaxavs hormonebis realur koncentracias danaSaulis Cadenis momen-
tSi (Malmquist 1996). sxva kvlevebSi ki nanaxi iqna, rom mamrebs romlebic
momatebuli agresiulobiT xasiaTdebodnen, magram amave dros maRali
nervul-emociuri daZabuloba hqondaT, aReniSnebodaT testosteronis
dabali koncentracia sisxlSi (Таранов da T.a. 1986). pavian anubisebze Ca-
tarebulma dakvirvebebma anaxes, rom `gauwonasworebel~ dominant or-
ganizmebs (`gawonasworebulebisagan~ gansxvavebiT) aReniSnebodaT tes-
tosteronis iseTive dinamika, rogoric aqvT subordinant mamrebs (Win-
gfield & Sapolsky 2003).
bunebrivia, Cven mier Seswavlili damnaSaveebi danaSaulis aRkveTis
adgilas yofnis gamo, qronikuli stresis moqmedebas ganicdidnen da
118
maTSic zemoT moyvanil kanonzomierebas unda hqonoda adgili, anu maT

androgenTa sinTezi daTrgunuli unda hqonodaT. da marTlac, testos-
teronis done damnaSaveTa orive jgufSi normaze, romelic harisonis
Sinagan sneulebaTa cnobaris mixedviT 3-10 ng/ml Seadgens (Harrison’s Prin-
ciples of Internal Medicine, 2001), odnav dabali iyo da Seadgenda 2.56±0.2 agre-
siul da 1.9±0.3 naklebad agresiul damnaSaveebSi.
maSasadame, Cvenma kvlevebma migviyvanes Zalian saintereso daskvne-
bamde: erTi mxriv, agresiuli damnaSaveebi xasiaTdebian testosteronis
ufro maRali doniT, vidre naklebad agresiulebi; meore mxriv, damna-
SaveTa orive jgufSi testosteronis koncentracia ar aRemateba mama-
kacTa `normalur~ populaciaSi dafiqsirebul Sedegs da naklebic ki
aris masze. erTi SexedviT, es monacemebi winaaRmdegobrivia. mocemuli
winaaRmdegobrioba asaxvaa realobis da am realobaze Cveni warmodgene-
bis: erTi mxriv, agresiuli qceva dakavSirebulia testosteronis maRal
donesTan da meore mxriv, agonisturi konfliqti xSirad stresogenulia
SetakebaSi gamarjvebulebisTvisac ki, xolo stresi ki reproduqciuli
sistemis inhibirebas iwvevs. samwuxarod, samecniero literaturaSi ver
vipoveT verc erTi statia, romelSic am winaaRmdegobis axsna (an Tun-
dac aRniSnuli sakiTxis dasma mainc) iyo mocemuli. amitom, gTavazobT
am movlenis Cveneul axsnas.
1) Vom Saal-is mier SemoTavazebuli testosteronis maorganizebeli/
gamaaqtivirebeli modelis mixedviT, androgenebi prenatalur period-
Si ayalibeben im neironul qselebs, romlebic SemdgomSi monawileoben
agresiuli qcevis generirebaSi. rodesac, sqesobrivi momwifebis dros,
am qselebze moqmedebs testosteroni, isini aqtiurdebian da Sesabami-
si stimulebis wardginebis SemTxvevaSi – realizdeba agresiuli qceva
(cit. Book da T.a. 2001-is mixedviT). SesaZlebelia, upirveles yovlisa,
swored am rangSi iRebs monawileobas testosteroni agresiuli qcevis
inducirebaSi.
2) sxva meqanizmi, romelic apirobebs dadebiTi korelaciis arsebo-
bas testosteronsa da agresiulobas/dominantobas Soris, SesaZlebe-
lia dakavSirebuli iyos Semdeg momentTan. Tuki dominantma moaxerxa
populacaSi myari ierarqiis Seqmna da mis statuss aRaraferi emuqreba,
es amcirebs masSi nervul-emociur daZabulobas, rac Tavis mxriv dade-
biTad moqmedebs testosteronis dinamikazec – iwvevs ra misi koncen-
traciis zrdas. maSasadame, testosteronis dadebiTi dinamika SeiZleba
gamowveuli iyos dominirebis movleniT da ara marto organizmis indi-
vidualuri TaviseburebebiT. miTumetes, rom arseboben monacemebi tes-
tosteronisa da pozitiuri ganwyobis kavSiris Sesaxeb (Bernhardt da T.a.
1998; Gonzalez-Bono da T.a. 1999; McCaul da T.a. 1992). maSasadame, testoste-
119
ronsa da agresias Soris kavSirs ormxrivi xasiaTi aqvs: testosteroni

monawileobs agresiuli reagirebis inducirebaSi, magram agresiis Sede-
gad miRweuli dominireba, Tavis mxriv, wyaroa testosteronis sinTezis
aqtivaciisa (Salvador da T.a. 1987).
magram Tuki situacia populaciaSi arastabiluria, testosteronis
donis mixedviT aranair sxvaobas dominantebsa da subordinantebs So-
ris ar eqneba adgili (Wingfield & Sapolsky 2003). garkveul situaciebSi (mag.
gamravlebis sezonis dros) dominantebSi stresirebis done Warbobs su-
bordinantebSi dafiqsirebul rezultats (Creel 2001; Sapolsky 2005). Sesa-
bamisad, am dros testosteronsa da agresiulobas Soris urTierToba,
SesaZlebelia recikropul xasiaTsac ki atarebdes.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare testosteroni ver CaiTvleba
in situ agresiuli qcevis induqtorad. naTelia, rom garkveul pirobebSi
testosteroni ver Seasrulebs agresogenuli faqtoris funqcias. ro-
gorc Cans, stresis dros testosteronis koncentracia ar unda iyos ag-
resiis donis ganmsazRvreli obieqturi kriteriumi.
maSasadame, calsaxaa testosteronis roli agresiul qcevaSi mona-
wile struqturebis CamoyalibebaSi, magram aseve naTelia, rom garkveul
situciebSi is ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos agresiuli qcevis induqtorad.
am problemis analizma migviyvana daskvnamde, rom aucilebelia gar-
kveuli kriteriumebis SemuSaveba, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba agresiuli qcevis, rogorc adaptaciuri meqanizmebSi monawile
faqtoris identifikacia (Chichinadze da T.a. 2009).
agresiuli qcevis neirobiologiur induqtors is qimiuri agenti un-
da warmoadgendes, romlis:
1) organizmSi gamoTavisufleba (release) an fiziologiur dozebSi eg-
zogenurad Seyvana iwvevs an/da aZlierebs agresiul qcevas;
2) sinTezi da gamoTavisufleba Zlierdeba mwvave stresisa da agonis-
turi Setakebis dros (radganac, agresia am dros adaptaciuri funqciis
matarebelia);
3) ufro maRal bazalur koncentracias aqvs adgili dominant da ma-
Ralagresiul individebSi, vidre damorCilebul da dabalagresiulebSi;
Tuki, agresiuli qcevis inducirebas iwvevs romelime qimiuri nivTi-
erebis dabali done organizmSi, maSin zemomoyvanili sami kriteriumi Ca-
moyalibdeba Semdegnairad.
agresiuli qcevis induqtors im qimiuri agentis dabali done warmo-
adgens, romlis:
1) organizmSi gamoTavisuflebis Semcireba an misi antagonisti niv-
Tierebebis organizmSi fiziologiur dozebSi egzogenuri Seyvana iw-
vevs an/da aZlierebs agresiul qcevas;
120
2) sinTezi da gamoTavisufleba mcirdeba mwvave stresisa da agonis-

turi Setakebis dros;
3) ufro dabal bazalur koncentracias aqvs adgili dominant da ma-
Ralagresiul individebSi, vidre damorCilebul da dabalagresiulebSi;
Cveni azriT, es sami Tviseba aucileblad unda hqondes yvela im niv-
Tierebas, romlis rolic (an romlis dabali donis roli) agresiuli qce-
vis inducirebaSi wamyvanad iqneba miCneuli. Torem, agresiuli qcevis ge-
nerireba ZaluZs mraval organul Tu araorganul naerTs (arsebobs sak-
mao raodenobis literatura, romelic agresiul qcevas ukavSirebs li-
pidebis (Olson da T.a. 2008), sxvadasxva mikroelementebis (mag., magniumis
(Henrotte da T.a. 1997)), sxva naerTebis koncentraciis cvlilebebs (Baron &
Richardson, 2004)) da mxolod am faqtis gamo am nivTierebis CaTvla induq-
torad ar iqneba gamarTlebuli. saWiroa moZebnil iqnas kavSiri agentis
agresogenul moqmedebas, organizmSi am nivTierebis funqcias da agre-
siuli qcevis biologiur funqcias Soris. amaSi mdgomareobs problemi-
sadmi sistemuri midgomis arsi. Tumca, agresiis neiroqimiur meqanizmeb-
ze miZRvnil naSromTa umravlesobaSi, mkvlevarebi swavloben calkeul
agentebs da ar cdiloben agresiis biologiur rolTan erTad sistemu-
rad ganixilon am nivTierebis funqcia organizmSi. Sedegad, sxvadasxva
mkvlevari sxvadasxva nivTierebas Tvlis agresiuli qcevis induqtorad.
bevri maTgani marTlac monawileobs am procesSi, magram ar ekuTvnis wam-
yvani roli.
rogorc, ukve aRvniSneT testosteroni ver akmayofilebs moyvanil
kriteriumebs. SevecadoT gavaanalizoT sxva hormonebisa da neirotran-
smiterebis roli.
8.3.2. serotonini da serotoninerguli sistema
neirotransmiterTagan, yvelaze xSirad swored serotonini (5-hid-

roqsitriptamini, 5-HT) aris miCneuli agresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi
monawile agentad (Lesch & Merschdorf, 2000; Miczek & Fish, 2006), amitom agre-
siis serotoninerguli meqanizmebi mkvlevarTa mzard interess iwvevs.
mkvlevarTa yuradReba mimarTulia cns-is sxvadasxva ubnebSi mocemuli
nivTierebis rogorc koncentraciis, ise misi aRmqmeli receptorebis
raodenobis dadgenisaken.
cnobilia, rom serotoninerguli struqturebi monawileoben cxo-
velTa mravali sxva tipis qcevis ganxorcielebaSi (Heninger 1995; Сапронов,
Федоров 2001). Tavis tvinis struqturebSi serotoninis koncentraciis ma-
teba cxovelebSi apirobebda emociurobis zrdasa da moZraobiTi aqtivo-
121
bis Semcirebas, Zilis xangrZlivobis momatebas (Кудрявцева, Бакштановская

1991), sqesobrivi qcevis inhibirebas (Ткаченко da T.a. 1999). aRmoCnda, rom
igi monawileobs agresiuli qcevis regulaciaSic. kerZod, warmoadgens
agresiuli qcevis damamuxruWebel faqtors (Asberg 1994; Brown & Linnoila
1990; Coccaro 1989).
Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi serotoninerguli meqanizmebis kvleva
ZiriTadad, ori mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs: pirveli mimarTuleba ik-
vlevs Tavad serotoninisa da mis cvlaSi monawile fermentebis (pirvel
rigSi triptofanhidroqsilazasa da monoaminooqsidazas) koncentra-
cias tvinis sxvadasxva struqturebSi, meore ki – serotoninis recep-
torebis mdgomareobas Tavis tvinSi. serotoninis, daaxloebiT 17 tipis
receptorebidan (Anderson & Summers 2007; Lowry 2002), maTi mxolod mcire
nawili, ZiriTadad, albaT, 1A da 1B tipis receptorebi, axorcieleben
agresiul qcevaze zemoqmedebas. orive tipis meTodikiT miRebuli mona-
cemebi praqtikulad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan – agresiuli qcevis
regulaciaSi serotonini erT-erT wamyvan neirotransmiteradaa miCne-
uli.
am qveTavSi, Cven SevecdebiT davalagoT serotoninerguli meqaniz-
mebis garSemo arsebuli masala, testosteronze miZRvnil qveTavSi Semu-
Savebuli kriteriumebis mixedviT.
1) cnobilia, rom serotoninerguli preparatebis mwvave an qroni-
kuli aplikacia amcirebs agresias xerxemlianTa uamrav saxeobaSi: sxva-
dasxva saxeobis TevzebSi, xvlikebSi (Anolis carolinensis), mtredebSi, beRu-
rebSi, zazunebSi, TagvebSi, virTagvebSi, ZaRlebSi, adamianebSi (Summers
& Winberg 2006). gansakuTrebiT detalurad es sakiTxi Seswavlili iqna
mRrRnelebSi. kerZod, naCvenebi iyo, rom farmakologiuri strategiebi,
romlebsac mivyavarT serotoninis koncentraciis gazrdisken, magali-
Tad iseTebi, rogoricaa serotoninis winamorbedebis, serotoninis uku-
mitacebis inhibitorebis, aseve 5-HT1A da 5-HT1B receptorebis agoniste-
bis gamoyeneba – apirobebs maTSi agresiis Semcirebas (Chiavegatto da T.a.
2001; Fish da T.a. 1999; Lyons da T.a. 1999; Miczek da T.a. 1998; Nelson & Chiavegat-
to 2001; Olivier da T.a. 1995). triptofanidan serotoninis biosinTezis gan-
mapirobebeli fermentis triptofanhidroqsilazas (Хухо 1990; Ашмарин,
Стукалов 1996) inhibitoris para-qlorfenilalaninis Seyvana agresiul
TagvebSi iwvevda maTi hiperreaqtiulobis gaZlierebas da sqesobrivi
qceviTi kompleqsis `Seteva-Sejdomis~ mcdelobas gaCenas.
5-oqsitriptofaniT cxovelebis datvirTva iwvevda agresiis Semci-
rebas. aseve naCvenebi iqna, rom virTagvebis kveba triptofaniT (sero-
toninis winamorbedi) Raribi sakvebiT, maTSi iwvevda konfliqtebis ra-
odenobis zrdas (Пошивалов 1986). serotoninerguli aqtivobis Semcire-
122
ba triptofanis mwvave alimentaruli naklebobis gamo mamr (oRond ara

mdedr) mwvane maimunebSic (Cercopithecus aethiops) apirobebda rogorc spon-
tanuri, ise sakvebze konkurenciiT gamowveuli agresiulobis zrdas. xo-
lo, serotoninerguli aqtivobis zrda triptofanis miRebis gamo amci-
rebda agresiulobas rogorc mamrebSi, ise mdedrebSic (Manuck da T.a.
2006). sxva saxeobis primatebSic (Macaca fascicularis) triptofanis defi-
citiani sakvebis gamoyeneba apirobebs serotoninis dabal dones orga-
nizmSi da Sedegad – cxovelTa agresiulobis Semcirebas (Kaplan da T.a.
1993). sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom adamianSic aseTi dieta iwvevs sisxlSi
serotoninis donis 75%-iT Semcirebas. amasTan, impulsuri agresiis do-
nec mcirdeba (Young & Leyton 2002).
TagvebSi nakeris birTvebis dazianebis Sedegad serotoninis kon-
centracia tvinSi ecemoda. aseTi manipulaciis Semdeg, isini Tavad aRar
esxmodnen Tavs sxva Tagvebs, magram maTze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi, Tav-
dacvis unari SenarCunebuli hqondaT. am da sxva eqsperimentebis Sede-
gad mkvlevarebi mividnen daskvnamde, rom serotoninis roli upirve-
les yovlisa `Tavdasxmis~ tipis qcevis integraciaSi mdgomareobs. Ta-
nac, rogorc aRmoCnda, serotoninerguli neiroqimiuri blokis neiro-
nebs, kateqolaminerguli sistemis damamuxruWeblis funqcia akisria
nanaxi iqna, rom maimunebi da sxva cxovelebi, romlebic serotoninis
dabali koncentraciiT xasiaTdebodnen, avlendnen ufro maRal agresi-
ulobas. Tanac, araviTari mniSvneloba ar hqonda Tu ra iyo serotoni-
nerguli aqtivobis Semcirebis mizezi – triptofanis rezervebis amo-
wurva, triptofanhidroqsilazis konkurentuli inhibireba, (Пошивалов
1986), serotoninis receptorebis (5-HT1B) genis nokauti genuri inJineri-
is meTodebiT (Saudou da T.a. 1994) Tu sxva ram. aseve, mutanti virTagvebi,
romlebsac saerTod ar gaaCndaT 5-HT1B receptorebi, xasiaTdebodnen
momatebuli agresiulobiTa da alkoholisadmi midrekilebiT (Сергеев
da T.a. 1999).
agresiul cxovelebSi serotoninis koncentraciis zrda apirobebda
maTi agresiulobis Semcirebas (Lanchard da T.a. 1988; Miczek da T.a. 1994b).
msgavs efeqtebs aqvs adgili adamianSic. kerZod, serotoninerguli
preparatebis daniSvna specialur internatSi mcxovreb agresiul pi-
rebSi, amcirebda maT agresiulobas (Gedye 1991; Ratey da T.a. 1991). fsiqo-
farmakologebis mier bolo aTwleulebSi, gamoyofil iqna axali jgufi
nivTierebebisa – e.w. damamSvidebeli saSualebebi, romelTa neiroqimiur
speqtrSi dominirebs serotoninpozitiuri efeqti (Oehler da T.a. 1987).
adamianis tvinSi misi deficiti gangaSis depresiiT vlindeba (Данилова,
Крылова 1989).
123
mkvlevarTa umravlesobis azriT, serotoninis damamuxruWebeli

moqmedeba (cnobilia, rom ionoforezis saSualebiT Seyvanili seroto-
nini depresorul efeqts avlens tvinis sxvadasxva struqturebis neiro-
nebis eleqtrul aqtivobaze) realizdeba 5-HT1A receptorebis saSuale-
biT (Aghajanian & Andrade 1997), radganac serotonins gansakuTrebiT maRa-
li Tvisoba aqvs 5-HT1A–SemakavSirebel ubnebTan (Молодцова 2004). amitom
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Sesabamisi receptorebisa da agonistebis
kavSiri agresiulobis donesTan.
mravalricxovan gamokvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom calsaxaa kavSi-
ri e.w. meore tipis alkoholikebis impulsur-agresiul qcevas, seroti-
ninis receptorebis mdgomareobasa da raodenobas Soris (Белова da T.a.
1990; Васильев, Чугунов 1985; Жуков 1996; Кудрявцева da T.a. 1994; Кудрявцева da
T.a. 1996).
preparatebi, romlebic moqmedeben 5-HT1A receptorebze, iseTebi
rogorebicaa sruli agonistebi 8-OH-DPAT, alnespironi an nawilobrivi
agonisti buspironi, calsaxad amcireben brZolis intensivobas sxvadas-
xva saxeobebSi da, Tanac es Sedegebi miRebulia kvlevis sxvadasxva meTo-
debis gamoyenebiT (de Boer da T.a. 2000; Miczek & Fish 2006; van der Vegt da
T.a., 2001). aRwerili efeqtis prevencia antagonistis WAY 100635 saSu-
alebiT, gviCvenebs, rom 5-HT1A receptori warmoadgens swored im Ziri-
Tad struqturas, romelzec mocemuli agentebi moqmedeben (Miczek & Fish
2006). am receptorebis aqtivacia amcirebs agresias, misi sistemuri an/da
pirdapir tvinze zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi (de Almeida da T.a. 2005). 5-HT1B
agonistebi anpirtolini, CP-94,253 da zolmitriptani amcireben agresi-
uli qcevis intensivobas rezident Tagvebsa da virTagvebSi (de Almeida da
T.a. 2005; de Almeida & Miczek, 2002; Miczek & Fish 2006). serotoninis ukumi-
tacebis seleqtiuri inhibitorebis (SSRIs) mwvaved gamoyeneba aseve amci-
rebs agresiul qcevas sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebSi (Huber da T.a. 1997;
Pinna da T.a. 2003).
mocemul punqtSi moyvanili monacemebi metyveleben imaze, rom se-
rotoninerguli nivTierebebis administrireba amcirebs organizmTa ag-
resias.
2) mkvlevarTa azri serotoninis dinamikaze stresis da agonisturi
Setakebis zegavlenaze winaaRmdegobrivia.
am mimarTulebiT kvleva gansakuTrebiT maSin gaxda nayofieri, ro-
desac mikrodializis meTodis SemuSaveba moxda. igi iZleva saSualebas
maRali sizustiT dadgindes serotoninergul neironul aqtivobasa da
agresiul qcevas Soris arsebuli sinqronuloba. am meTodis gamoyenebiT
Sesrulebulma eqsperimentebma, erTi mxriv, aCvenes, rom prefrontalu-
ri qerqis areSi serotoninis Semcirebuli done (Tanac Semcireba iwyebo-
124
da konfrontaciis dawyebis Semdeg) aReniSnebaT rezident virTagvebs,

romlebic utevdnen intruderebs. Tanac am supresias hqonda adgili
Setakebis bolomde (van Erp & Miczek 2000). amave dros, am konfrontaci-
is ganmavlobaSi n. accumbens-Si aranair sarwmuno cvlilebas serotoninis
koncentraciaSi adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, mocemuli neirotransmiteris
done Semcirebuli hqondaT im rezident cxovelebs, romlebsac aseTi
Setakebebi aReniSnebodaT yoveldRe 10 dRiani periodis ganmavlobaSi
(Miczek da T.a. 2002). amasTan, aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom Tavad agre-
siuli aqti ar warmoadgens serotoninis koncentraciis Semcirebis au-
cilebel pirobas. es dasturdeba imiT, rom agonistur SetakebebSi yo-
veldRiurad monawile virTagvebs n. accumbens-Si aReniSnebodaT sero-
toninis koncentraciis kleba im dReebSic ki, rodesac aseT Setakebebs
adgili ar hqonda (Ferrari da T.a. 2003). es monacemebi adastureben im azrs,
rom agresiis molodini sakmarisia serotoninis donis Sesamcireblad
da eTanxmebian hipoTezas, romlis mixedviTac serotoninis dabali done
gxvdeba im cxovelebSi, romlebmac ganicades agresoris Semoteva (Miczek
& Fish 2006).
meore mxriv, mraval kvlevaSi iqna naCvenebi, rom agresiul urTier-
Tobebs (Summers da T.a. 2005b; Winberg & Nilsson 1993) da stress (Veenema &
Neumann 2007) Tan sdevs serotoninerguli aqtivobis zrda Tavis tvinSi.
zogierTi mkvlevaris mixedviT, dominant mamrebSi hipoTalamusis se-
rotoninerguli aqtivoba dadebiTad korelirebda Cadenil agresiul
aqtebTan (Summers 2002). bevrgan saerTod kiTxvis niSnis qveS aris daye-
nebuli serotoninis mainhibirebeli zemoqmedeba agresiaze (de Boer & Ko-
olhaas, 2005), xolo zogierTi mecnieri fiqrobs, rom situaciuri agresiu-
loba (state-like aggression) xasiaTdeba gazrdili serotoninerguli aqtivo-
biT (van der Vegt da T.a. 2003a, b).
erTi SexedviT, wina or abzacSi moyvanili monacemebi ewinaaRmdege-
ba erTmaneTs. Tumca, Cveni azriT, es ase ar aris. saqme is aris, rom tvi-
nis Sesabamis ubnebSi serotoninis donis zrda stres-reaqciisaTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli movlenaa (Christianson da T.a. 2008; Summers 2002; Summers &
Winberg 2006; Кудрявцева da T.a. 2007) da radganac agresiuli urTierTo-
bebi (xSirad) stresogenulia rogorc gamarjvebulebisTvis, ise damar-
cxebulTaTvis (Summers da T.a. 2005a; Summers & Windberg 2006), vfiqrobT,
rom serotoninis donis zrda dominantebSi da agresiul individebSi
cxovelis stresirebis Sedegs unda warmoadgendes da ara agresiulobis
fenomenisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas. am mosazrebis WeSmaritebaze
metyvelebs monacemebi limbur struqturebSi serotoninis raodenobis
zrdis Sesaxeb, stresisa da agonisturi urTierTobis dawyebisTanave 10
125
wuTSi rogorc dominantebSi, ise subordinantebSi. Tanac, am ukanaskne-

lebSi mocemuli kanonzomiereba SeimCneva im SemTxvevaSic, Tuki maTSi
agresiuli qceva maleve inhibirdeba (Summers 2002). garda amisa, dominant
individTa limbur struqturebSi serotoninis done sakmaod male ub-
rundeboda normas, xolo subordinantebSi bevrad didi xnis ganmavlo-
baSi rCeboda momatebuli (Andersen & Summers 2007; Summers 2002; Summers
& Windberg 2006). maRalagresiuli individebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli pa-
Tologiuri agresiulobis dros, serotoninis donis zrdas win sdevs se-
rotoninerguli tonusis mZavri daTrgunva (Nelson & Trainor 2007). Tumca,
bevria monacemebic imis Sesaxeb, rom Tavdapirvelad socialuri stresi
iwvevs serotoninerguli aqtivobis zrdas, xolo misi qronizacia ki –
daTrgunvas (Кудрявцева da T.a. 2007).
ganvmartavT, rom es faqtebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba monacemebs seroto-
ninis monawileobis Sesaxeb agresiis inhibirebis procesSi. avtorTa az-
riT agresiuli urTierTqmedeba iwvevs stress, es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis
mxriv, zrdis serotoninergul aqtivobas, romelic myisierad ki ar amci-
rebs agresiulobas, aramed axdens momavali agresiuli aqtebis inhibire-
bas (Summers & Winberg 2006).
rogorc Cans, literaturaSi arsebuli garkveuli raodenoba mona-
cemebisa serotoninis maRali donis Sesaxeb dominantebSi da agresiul
individebSi, dakavSirebulia ara agresiulobis, aramed stresis feno-
menTan.
unda aRvniSnoT aseve, rom stresis dros adaptaciuri funqcia gaaCnia
serotoninis donis matebas. radgan cnobilia, rom ZuZumwovarTa amigda-
las serotoninerguli struqturebi astimulireben hipoTalamo-hipo-
fizo-adrenul (HPA) RerZs (Feldman da T.a. 2000) im meqanizmis gamoyenebiT,
romelTa saSualebiT terminaluri zolis birTvi (bed nucleus of the stria ter-
minalis) ukavSirdeba hipokams (Herman & Cullinan, 1997; Herman & Ziegler, 2002).
serotoninerguli sistemis roli hipoTalamo-hipofizo-adrenuli
da hipoTalamo-hipofizo-Tirkmelzeda jirkvlis qerquli RerZebis aq-
tivaciaSi sayovelTaod aRiarebulia iseve, rogorc monacemebi tvinSi
serotoninis metabolizmis aqtivobis (kerZod, 5-HIAA/5-HT Sefardebis)
korelaciisa sisxlis plazmaSi kortizolisa da adrenokortikotropu-
li hormonis koncentraciasTan (Höglund da T.a. 2000; Øverli da T.a. 1999;
Summers & Winberg 2006; Winberg & Lepage 1998). Tumca, rogorc Cans, domi-
nantebisTvis ufro aqtualuria serotoninis sinTezis Semcireba rac,
rogorc cnobilia, astimulirebs agresiul qcevas. albaT amitomac, maT
limbur struqturebSi serotoninis sinTezis mateba, amave avtorebis mi-
xedviT, sakmaod male icvleba klebiT.
126
mocemul qveTavSi moyvanili monacemebi metyveleben imaze, rom ag-

resiul aqts Tan sdevs serotoninis donis zrda mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
Tuki am dros mZafr stress aqvs adgili.
3) literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT, permanentuli ga-
marjvebis mqone individebSi serotoninis tonuri koncentracia mcir-
deba, rogorc am gamarjvebebis erTgvari Sedegi (Miczek da T.a. 2007). Ta-
nac, serotoninuli deficiti ufro xSirad deteqtirdeba im individeb-
Si, romlebic aCveneben impulsur agresiul qcevas ufro xSirad, vidre
agresiis sxva formebs (Miczek da T.a. 2002).
zemoT moyvanili monacemebi dominantebSi maRali serotoninergu-
li aqtivobis Sesaxeb, exeba mxolod ierarqiuli urTierTobebis Camo-
yalibebis periods (Øverli da T.a. 1999; Summers 2002) da, aqedan gamomdi-
nare, warmoadgens ara dominanti organizmebis, aramed stres-reaqciis
damaxasiaTebel movlenas. amas isic adasturebs, rom dominanti mamrebis
hipoTalamusSi serotoninerguli aqtivoba dadebiTad korelirebs maT
mier Cadenili agresiuli aqtebis intensivobasTan, xolo subordinant
mamrebSi es parametri (ufro zustad, 5-HIAA/5-HT fardoba bolo tvinSi
(telencefalonSi)) dadebiTad korelirebs maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ag-
resiuli aqtebis intensivobasTan (Summers 2002).
ase rom, calsaxaa – mocemuli neiromediatoris maRali doniT xasi-
aTdebian dabalagresiuli cxovelebi (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989) da dabali
doniT ki agresiuli individumebi (Алфимова, Трубников 2000b). naCvenebi
iqna, rom serotonini mainhibireblad moqmedebs rogorc adamianis, ise
cxovelTa agresiulobaze (Golomb 1998; Kudryavtseva 2000; Miczek da T.a.
1994a; Nelson & Chiavegatto 2001; Reist da T.a. 2003; Wallman 1999).
subordinant cxovelebSi tvinis stres-reaqtiul struqturebsa da
periferiaze serotoninis done ufro maRali iyo vidre dominantebSi
(Arregi da T.a. 2006; Kudryavtseva 2000).
eqsperimentebSi, sadac fasdeboda agresiuli da submisiuri qcevis
mamr TagvebSi sxvadasxva neirotransmiterebis, maT Soris, serotonini-
sa (5-HT) da misi metabolitis 5-hidroqsiindolZmarmJavas (5-HIAA) kon-
centracia tvinis sxvadasxva struqturebSi, nanaxi iqna, rom submisiur
cxovelTa nuSisebr kompleqsSi serotoninis koncentracia sarwmunod
maRali iyo, vidre agresiulebSi. igive exeboda ynosvis bolqvSi 5-HIAA-
is koncentraciasa da imave ynosvis bolqvsa da hipokampSi 5-HIAA/5-HT
fardobas (Кудрявцева, Бакштановская 1991).
saintereso monacemebi arsebobs literaturaSi organizmSi seroto-
ninis koncentraciasa da agresiis xarisxs Soris damokidebulebaze. ag-
resiuli adamianis msgavsi maimunebis Tavis tvinis qerqis Sublis wilSi
(mecnierTa nawili am ubans, safeTqlis wilTan erTad, agresiuli qcevis
127
erT-erT SesaZlo neiroanatomiul substratad ganixilavs) serotoni-

nis aRmqmel receptorTa raodenoba, mniSvnelovnad Camouvardeboda
araagresiul cxovelebSi receptorTa koncentracias (Messatie 1994).
agreTve cnobilia, rom moSinaurebuli cxovelebis tvinSi seroto-
ninis koncentracia ufro maRalia vidre velurebSi (Данилова, Крылова
1989). mdedri virTagvebis tvinSi serotoninerguli sistema ufro kar-
gadaa ganviTarebuli, vidre mamrebSi (Carlsson & Carlsson 1988), xolo qale-
bis sisxlis serotoninerguli statusi ufro maRalia vidre mamakacebis
(Ortiz da T.a. 1988). es faqtebic, arsebuli paradigmis ganmamtkicebels
warmoadgenen, radganac, rogorc cnobilia, gareuli cxovelebi ufro
agresiulebi arian vidre Sinauri, iseve rogorc mamrebi avlenen ufro
maRal agresiulobas vidre mdedrebi.
sxvaTa Soris, serotoninis monawileoba `brZola-gaqcevis~ reaq-
ciebSi, dasturdeba ara marto ZuZumwovrebSi, aramed dabalganviTare-
bul organizmebSic. mdinaris kiboSi aRmoCenilia neironebi, romlebic
aregulireben kudis damoklebis reaqcias, rac wamyvan rols TamaSobs
`brZola-gaqcevis~ reaqciaSi. am neironTa aqtivobis modulacias sero-
tonini axorcielebs (Gabbard 2000; Yeh da T.a. 1996).
agresiul adamianebSi serotoninis dabali Semcveloba tvinSi api-
robebs impulsuri da agresiuli qcevis sixSiris zrdas. 5-HIAA koncen-
traciis Semcireba Tav-zurg-tvinis siTxeSi korelirebda SfoTvisa da
agresiulobis xarisxTan. 5-HIAA-is receptorTa funqciis daqveiTeba
korelirebda momatebul agresiulobasa da impulsurobasTan (van Praag
1998; 2005). serotoninis cvlis Trombocitarul modelze kvlevebma ana-
xes, rom impulsur adamianebs, romelTac DSM-III-R kriteriumiT pirov-
nuli aSlilobis diagnozi hqondaT dasmuli, aReniSnebodaT korelacia
agresiuli qcevis xarisxsa da serotoninSemcveli saitebis ricxvs So-
ris (Coccaro da T.a. 1996). igive mizezi hqonda Zaladobas alkoholikebsa
da paTologiurad agresiul pirebSi (Coccaro da T.a. 1989). serotononis
deficitis kavSiri impulsurobasa da impulsur agresias Soris dadge-
nili iqna mravali sxvadasxva klinikuri populaciisTvis, mravali sxva-
dasxva meTodiT (Mann 2003; New da T.a. 1998, 2002, 2004b; Placidi da T.a. 2001;
Soloff da T.a. 2000a, 2000b, 2003; Stanley da T.a. 2000). dRes myarad dadgenil
faqtad iTvleba is, rom mamakacebis sisxlSi adgili aqvs korelacias se-
rotoninis Semcvelobasa da agresiisa da Zaladobis gamovlinebas Soris
(Moffitt da T.a. 1998). fsiqiatriuli kriteriumebis TvalsazrisiT, norma-
lur pirebSi impulsurobis arasakmaris kontrols aqvs igive indikato-
ri – serotoninis dabali done (Schalling da T.a. 1989). es kavSiri kargad
dokumentirebulia janmrTeli subieqtebis SemTxvevaSic (Bjork da T.a.
2000; Bond da T.a. 2001; Cleare & Bond, 1997; Dougherty da T.a., 1999; Manuck da
128
T.a. 2000, 2002; Marsh da T.a. 2002; Wingrove da T.a. 1999a, 1999b). pirvel rigSi,
Semcirebuli serotoninerguli aqtivoba tvinis frontalur areSi aris
dadgenili (Frankle da T.a., 2005; New da T.a., 2002, 2004a; Rubia da T.a., 2005;
Siever da T.a., 1999; Soloff da T.a., 2003; Strüber da T.a. 2008).
avtorTa azriT, adamianis sazogadoebaSi liderul poziciebze myof
individebsa da dominant cxovelebSi socialuri urTierTobis motiva-
ciur fazaSi aReniSnebaT dabali serototinerguli aqtivoba (Anderson &
Summers 2007).
Catarebulma klinikurma gamokvlevebma da cxovelebze eqsperimen-
tebma gamokveTes erT-erTi friad sayuradRebo faqtori, romelic ze-
moqmedebs serotoninergul meqanizmebze da amiT agresiul qcevazec. es
faqtoria – qolesterini. sisxlSi misi dabali Semcveloba an sawyisi do-
nis Semcireba, xels uwyobs centralur nervul sistemaSi serotoniner-
guli aqtivobis Semcirebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba iyos agresiuli
qcevis mizezi (Golomb 1998). agresiulobas zrdian is dietebic, romlebic
amcireben lipidebis koncentracias sisxlSi (Olson da T.a. 2008).
18 sxvadasxva populaciuri kohortuli kvlevis meta-analizis Se-
degad, jakobsma gamoavlina, rom mamakacebis sisxlSi qolesterinis
160 mg%-ze (4,14 mmoli/l) naklebi koncentraciisas, sikvdili Zalado-
bis Sedegad gxvdeba 1,5-jer ufro xSirad, vidre qolesterinis maRali
(160-190 mg%) koncentraciisas (Jacobs da T.a. 1992). msgavsi Sinaarsobrivi
datvirTvis monacemebi iqna miRebuli sxva analogiur gamokvlevebSic
(Law 1994; Lindberg da T.a. 1992; Neaton da T.a. 1992).
radganac populaciaSi Zaladoba, rogorc wesi, SedarebiT iSviaTi
movlenaa, SesaZlebelia ufro saintereso iyos, zemoT moyvanili para-
metrebis analizi, mosaxleobis im kategoriebSi, romlebic xSirad mimar-
Taven agresias – damnaSaveebSi, fsiqopatebSi, sxvadasxva daavadebebiT
daavadebul agresiul avadmyofebSi. im pirTa organizmSi, romlebmac
agresiuli qmedeba Caidines dafiqsirebuli iqna qolesterinis dabali
done (Hillbrand da T.a. 1993). rogorc Cans, kompleqsi `qolesterini-sero-
tonini-agresia~ marTlac arsebobs.
Tumca arsebobs statiebic sadac uaryofilia agresiasa da seroto-
ninis dabal koncentracias Soris kavSiris arseboba (van der Vegt da T.a.
2003), magram mravali kvleva (maT Soris zemoT moyvanili statiebic)
adasturebs agresiis serotonin-deficitur hipoTezas (de Almeida da T.a.
2005; Caramaschi da T.a. 2007; Ferrari da T.a. 2005; Summers & Winberg 2006; Wall
da T.a. 2004).
zogierTi mkvlevari, marTalia iziarebs serotoninuli deficitis
rols agresiis genezisSi, magram Tvlis, rom centraluri emociogenur
struqturebSi aseT deficits ar aqvs adgili. kerZod, mamri Tagvebis
129
tvinis sam ubanze – hipoTalamusze, hipokampze da ynosvis bolqvze gake-

Tebuli dakvirvebebisas aRmoCnda, rom mxolod am ukanasknelSi, seroto-
ninis koncentracia statistikurad sarwmuno uaryofiTi kavSiriT ko-
relirebda agresiulobis xarisxTan (Дюжикова da T.a. 1987). Tumca, amave
eqsperimentSi, feromonuli promotoriT agresiuli qcevis gaZlierebi-
sas es kavSiri aRar iyo sarwmuno da agresiul qcevasTan tvinis arc erT
struqturaSi serotoninis koncentracia sarwmunod aRar korelirebda.
Cveni kvlevebis mizansac (Чичинадзе 2004; Чичинадзе, Гачечиладзе 2006)
swored im faqtis garkveva warmoadgenda, marTlac monawileobda Tu ara
serotoninis deficiti agresiuli qcevis genezisSi da CaTreuli iyo Tu
ara am procesSi centraluri emociogenuri struqturebi. im struqtu-
raTa Soris, romlebSic serotoninis done gvindoda gagvesazRvra, hipo-
Talamusis SerCeva ganapiroba iman, rom igi centralur rols TamaSobs
emociuri sferos regulaciasa da qcevis integraluri formebis orga-
nizaciaSi (Бугаева da T.a. 2001; Вейн 2000). amasTanave cnobilia, rom am ne-
iromediatoris (iseve, rogorc noradrenalinis – magram amaze Semdeg
qveTavSi) koncentracia hipoTalamusSi, agresiuli qcevis dros, tvinis
sxva struqturebTan SedarebiT, yvelaze ufro met cvlilebebs ganic-
dis (goguaZe 1999). kidev erTi mizezi, ris gamoc yuradReba SevaCereT
hipoTalamusze mdgomareobda SemdegSi: cnobilia, rom hipoTalamusis
amokveTis Sedegad virTagvebi kargaven dominantur qcevasTan dakavSi-
rebul, nebismieri tipis muqariTi pozebis generirebis unars, maT uqre-
baT teritoriuli damcvelobiTi qceva. Tumca, es operacia ar iwvevda
tkiviliT gamowveuli agresiis gaqrobas. am faqtebis analizis Sedegad
germaneli mkvlevari iurgensi mivida im daskvnamde, rom hipoTalamuss
wamyvani roli ekuTvnis imaSi, rasac konrad lorencma agresiuli anu
dominanturi `ganzraxva~ uwoda, e.i. dominantur ierarqiaSi maRali ran-
gis miRebisa da SenarCunebis motivaciaSi (Jürgens 1988).
eqsperimentebs vatarebdiT sqesobrivad momwifebul mamr TeTr Tag-
vebze (masa – 22-24 gr), romlebic gamozrdilni iyvnen vivariumis stan-
dartul pirobebSi. cxovelTa saerTo ricxvi 38-is toli iyo. cxovelebs
vwonidiT da vaTavsebdiT 4 dRiT cal-calke – e.w. jgufuri efeqtebis
mosaxsnelad. am drois gasvlis Semdeg viwyebdiT eqsperiments. dominan-
ti da damorCilebuli Tagvebis gamoyofa xdeboda Semdegi meTodikis
saSualebiT: or Tagvs vsvamdiT erT, orivesaTvis ucxo galiaSi da vak-
virdebodiT maT Soris kontaqtebis dinamikas (testi pirveli – T1). yvela
testis xangrZlivoba 10 wT iyo. agonisturi kontaqtis ararsebobis Sem-
TxvevaSi mocemuli wyvili uqmdeboda. agonisturi kontaqtis SemTxve-
vaSi ki fiqsirdebodnen Semdegi parametrebi (am parametrebis nawilis
analizi mocemuli iqneba Sesabamis TavebSi): Tavdasxmis latenturi dro,
130
Tavdasxmebis saerTo ricxvi da dro, damarcxebis da gamarjvebis faqti.

zoosocialur kontaqtSi gamarjvebuli Tagvi iTvleboda dominantad,
xolo damarcxebuli ki damorCilebulad (subordinantad).
meore testis Catarebisas Tagvebis sxva wyvilebs vaxvedrebdiT er-
TmaneTTan. T2-Si adgili hqonda iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac wina testSi
gamarjvebuli Tagvi marcxdeboda subordinantTan. T3-Si ukve sxva wyvi-
lebi xvdebodnen erTmaneTs.
sami testis Semdeg SeirCnen Tagvebi, romlebmac yvela `SexvedraSi~
gaimarjves (àbsoluturi~ dominantebi), yvela SemTxvevaSi damarcxdnen
(àbsoluturi~ subordinantebi – submisiuri cxovelebi) da isini, rom-
lebic zogjer marcxdebodnen, zogjer imarjvebdnen an/da ar avlendnen
konkretul wyvilSi agresiul qcevas (`gardamavali~ jgufi).
zoosocialuri kontaqtebis damTavrebis Semdeg, maT vabrunebdiT
TavianT galiebSi (sadac yvela cxoveli cal-calke ijda) da 1 sT-is Sem-
deg tardeboda ganmeorebiTi testebi lokomotoruli aqtivobis Sesa-
mowmeblad.
sur. 8.3.2.1. serotoninis koncentracia dominanti, submisiuri da

`gardamavali~ Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi (ng/g)
gansxvaveba submisiurebsa da àbsolutur~ dominantebs, agreTve
submisiurebsa da `gardamaval~ organizmebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
131
yvela eqsperimenti imarTeboda dRisiT 12.00-16.00 saaTebSi.

eqsperimentebis damTavrebis Semdgom vaxdendiT Tagvebis dekapita-
cias. gamovyofdiT hipoTalamuss da vyinavdiT mas. viRebdiT sisxlsac.
dominanti Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi serotoninis koncentraci-
is gansazRvrisas, Cven mier nanaxi iqna, rom serotoninis koncentracia
792,0±84,23 ng/g Seadgenda, `gardamaval~ jgufSi – 781,1±58.44, xolo da-
morCilebul TagvebSi ki igive parametrebis sidide toli iyo Sesabami-
sad 1096,0±57,76 ng/g (suraTi 8.3.2.1). statistikurma analizma aCvena, rom
serotoninis koncentracia submisiur TagvebSi sarwmunod ufro maRali
iyo vidre danarCen TagvebSi. gansakuTrebiT seriozuli sxvaoba SeiniS-
neboda dominanti Tagvebis jgufTan (Чичинадзе 2004). Tumca dominanteb-
sa da `gardamavlebs~ Soris sxvaoba arasarwmuno iyo. mocemuli monace-
mebi adastureben literaturaSi arsebul da zemoT moyvanil monacemebs
– agresiul qcevasa da serotoninis koncentracias Soris arsebul re-
ciprokul damokidebulebaze.
***
mocemul qveTavSi gaanalizebuli masala metyvelebs imaze, rom do-
minirebisa da agresiulobis fenomeni xasiaTdeba serotoninis donis
SemcirebiT (yovel SemTxvevaSi stresis dawyebidan gakveuli xnis Sem-
deg) tvinis stres-reaqtiul da emociogenur struqturebSi.
serotoninis garSemo arsebuli literaturuli monacemebis anali-
zi ar gvaZlevs uflebas CavTvaloT is (ufro swored misi dabali done
centralur struqturebSi) met-naklebad universalur agresogenur
determinantad. saqme isaa, rom agresiuli qceva serotoninis dabal do-
nesTan korelirebs, arada stresis dros misi koncentraciis matebas
aqvs adgili.
8.3.3. kateqolaminebi da kateqolaminerguli sistemebi
agresiuli qcevis neirobiologiisadmi miZRvnil literaturaSi,

aseve mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs am procesebSi noradrenalinis (na),
dofaminis (da), tvinis noradrenerguli da dofaminerguli meqanizme-
bisa da simpaTikuri nervuli sistemis monawileobaze arsebul masalas
(Tumca, raodenobiT albaT, CamorCeba testosteronisa da serotoninis
garSemo arsebuls).
agresiuli qcevis genezSi simpaTo-adrenuli sistemisa da pirvel
rigSi misi mediatoruli nawilis aqtivaciis umniSvnelovanesi roli di-
di xania rac dadgenilia (Gerra da T.a. 1997; Белецкий, Мычко 2000; Кулагин,
Болондинский 1986; Мальцева, Котов 1995; Шаляпина 1996). noradrenerguli
da, zogadad, kateqolaminerguli inervaciis mniSvneloba adapturi qce-
132
viTi aqtebis CamoyalibebaSi iqedanac kargad Cans, rom neokorteqsSi ar

aris arc erTi ujredi, romelic noradrenerguli daboloebidan 30 mkm-
ze metiT iyos daSorebuli (Полетаева da T.a. 1989).
literaturuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, agresiul qcevaze gamaaqtiu-
rebeli efeqti aqvs noradrenergul da dofaminergul, xolo damamux-
ruWebeli – serotoninergul da gamaaminoerbos mJava (gaem)-ergul sis-
temebs.
axla ki SevecadoT kateqolaminebis (pirvel rigSi – noradrenergu-
li meqanizmebis) Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebi davalagoT, Cven mier Semu-
Savebuli kriteriumis mixedviT, radganac swored es aris is gza, rome-
lic saSualebas mogvcems vupasuxoT kiTxvas – TamaSobs Tu ara norad-
renalini centralur rols agresiis genezisSi.
1) cnobilia, rom sxvadasxva noradrenerguli agentebi zemoqmedeben
adamianTa antisocialur qcevasa da agresiaze. yvelaze kargad Seswav-
lil nivTierebebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba moZalade pacientebis agresi-
is kontrolis saqmeSi miekuTvneba β-adrenoblokatori propranololi
(Haden & Scarpa 2007). propranololi efeqturad amcirebda am pirebSi ag-
resias (Silver da T.a., 1999). Sesabamisad, β-adrenoreceptorebis agoniste-
bi ki aZliereben rogorc spontanur, ise qimiuri nivTierebebiT (kerZod,
klonidiniTa da dezipraminiT (Haller da T.a. 1998)) inducirebul agresi-
as da ufro metic, ZaluZT submisiuri cxovelis dominantad gadaqceva
(Pickering da T.a. 1991). aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom α2-adrenoreceptorebis
agonistebis Tu antagonistebis zemoqmedeba agresiul qcevaze ar aris
calsaxa. amis mizezad SeiZleba davasaxeloT pre- da postsinafsuri re-
ceptorebis arseboba, rac, rogorc Cans, cvlis ama Tu im nivTierebis
moqmedebis mimarTulebas. cnobilia, rom α2-adrenoreceptorebis ago-
nistebi amcireben noradrenalinis presinafsur gamoyofas, magram amave
dros astimulireben postsinafsur α2-adrenoreceptorebs, xolo anta-
gonistebi ki piriqiT – presinafsurad aZliereben noradrenalinis ga-
moyofas (α1- da β-adrenoreceptorebis iribi stimulirebis gziT), mag-
ram amave dros – amuxruWeben α2-adrenoreceptorebis agznebas (Haller da
T.a. 1998). maTi efeqtebis sumireba saboloo jamSi iZleva ama Tu im pre-
paratis pro- an antiagresiul efeqts. mocemuli efeqtis sidide damoki-
debulia preparatis dozazec. magaliTad, mcire doziT Seyvanili klo-
nidini (did dozebSi Seyvanisagan gansxvavebiT) ukavSirdeba, upirveles
yovlisa, presinafsur α2-adrenoreceptorebs, rac amcirebs noradre-
nalinis gamoyofas. albaT amitom, moZalade autist qalebSi, mocemuli
preparatis transdermaluri Seyvanisas agresiis done mcirdeboda (Kos-
hes & Rock, 1994).
133
zogadad SegviZlia vTqvaT, farmakologiurma kvlevebma gviCvenes,

rom noradrenalinis antagonistebi (sxvadasxva dozebSi da rogorc α-,
ise β-receptorebze moqmedebisas) sakmaod efeqturad amcireben agresi-
uli qcevis gamovlenebebs sxvadasxva populaciebSi (Haden & Scarpa 2007).
dofaminis winamorbedis – L-dofa-s organizmSi Seyvana iwvevs ka-
teqolaminebis raodenobis zrdas qsovilebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki Tavis
tvinSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, apirobebs simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis funqci-
is gaZlierebas, ereqcias, eakulacias, lokomotoruli aqtivobisa da ag-
resiulobis zrdas (Сергеев da T.a. 1999). misi maRali doziT Seyvanisas vi-
Tardeba fsiqomotoruli agzneba, taqikardia, qoSini. didi xnis ganmav-
lobaSi am preparatis dabal dozebSi gamoyeneba rogorc adamianSi, ise
cxovelebSi, apirobebs analogiur cvlilebebs (Мухин 1990).
kateqolaminebis sinTezis damuxruWeba -meTilparaTiroziniT, am-
cirebs Setevis reaqciebs virTagvebSi, agresias katebsa da makakebSi. do-
famin--hidroqsilazas inhibitorebi aseve amcireben àgresia-Tavdas-
xmis~ reaqcias (Пошивалов 1986).
klasikuri antiagresiuli saSualebebis -neiroleptikebis: feno-
Tiazinisa (aminazini, flufenazini) da butirofenonis (galoperidoli,
droperidoli) warmoebulebis neiroqimiur speqtrSi, ama Tu im doneze,
moqmedebs dofaminolizuri da adrenolizuri efeqti (Пошивалов 1989).
Tanac, galoperidoli TagvebSi amcirebs Setevasa da muqaras ufro me-
tad, vidre TavdacviT reaqciebs. sainteresoa, rom am preparatis moxsna
izolant TagvebSi, misi qronikuli Seyvanis Semdgom, mkveTrad aZlie-
rebda (normasTan SedarebiT) Sidasaxeobriv agresiulobas. maSasadame,
rogorc Cans, es procedura zrdis izolaciiT gamowveuli dofaminu-
ri da noradrenerguli receptoruli sistemebis hipermgrZnobelobas
izolant TagvebSi (Вальдман, Пошивалов 1984). agresiis mimarT galope-
ridolis msgavsi efeqti aRmoaCndaT -adrenoblokator fentolaminsa
da -adrenoblokator propranolols. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
-adrenoreceptorebis stimulatori klonidini virTagvebSi aZliereb-
da apomorfiniT gamowveul agresiulobas (Пошивалов 1986). Tagvebis or-
ganizmSi Seyvanisas, iwvevda maTSi agresiuli qcevis gamovlenasa da aq-
tivacias. Tanac, am reaqciis meqanizmSi aseve monawileobda dofaminuri
D1 receptorebi (Никулина da T.a. 1989). kidev ufro didi masala arsebobs
D2 receptorTa monawileobaze am procesSi (Павленко, Калашник 2005). cno-
bilia agreTve, rom D2 receptorTa antagonistebi – klozapini da respe-
ridoli amcireben momatebul agresiulobas (Gregg & Siegel 2001; Siegel da
T.a. 1999).
eqsperimentSi 6-oqsidofaminis zemoqmedebiT, miRebul iqna kateqo-
laminerguli sistemebis aqtivobis qronikuli deprivacia. rasac, Sede-
134
gad virTagvebSi sakvebis mkveTr Semcirebaze frustraciuli reaqciis

gaqroba mosdevda. mocemul deprivirebul cxovelebSi imisaTvis, rom
kvebis Semcirebaze normaluri reaqcia aRedginaT, SehyavdaT sxvadasxva
preparatebi. aRniSnulma farmakokoreqciam aCvena, rom frustracias is
preparatebi aRadgendnen, romlebic axdendnen tvinSi noradrenalinis
koncentraciis normalizacias. kerZod, aseTi efeqti gaaCnda dioqsife-
nolserins (Громова, Семенова 1989).
noradrenerguli sistemis monawileoba agresiuli qcevis generaci-
aSi dasturdeba wina hipoTalamusis qimiuri stimulaciiT egzogenuri
noradrenaliniT, rac aadvilebs cxovelTa agresiul qcevas (Талалаенко
2001).
rogorc vxedavT, agresia Zlierdeba noradrenerguli transmisi-
is gaZlierebisas, rac SeiZleba iyos mravali sxvadasxva mizezis Sedegi:
noradrenalinis ukumitacebis inhibitoris – dezipraminis organizmSi
SeyvaniT dawyebuli – α2C-adrenoreceptorebis masinTezirebeli genis
nokautiT damTavrebuli (Marino da T.a. 2005; Matsumoto da T.a. 1995; Sallinen
da T.a. 1998). rogorc vxedavT, noradrenalini agresiuli qcevis mZlavri
induqtoria (Haden, Scarpa 2007; Haller da T.a. 1998).
noradrenalinis uSualo winamorbedis – dofaminis koncentraciac,
aseve dadebiTad korelirebs agresiis donesTan. kerZod, agonistur Se-
takebebSi permanentulad gamarjvebul organizmebSi misi maRali kon-
centracia aris nanaxi (Kudryavtseva 2000). aseve cnobilia, rom mezokor-
tikolimburi dofaminuri sistema monawileobs agresiuli aqtebis mom-
zadebasa da ganxorcielebaSi (De Almeida da T.a. 2005; Ferrari da T.a. 2003;
Kudryavtseva 2000; van Erp & Miczek 2000). swored dofaminerguli sistemis
antagonistebi warmoadgenen adamianis agresiis Sesamcireblad yvela-
ze xSirad gamoyenebul farmakoTerapiul saSualebebs (McDougle da T.a.
1998). avtorTa umravlesobis azriT dofamini warmoadgens agresiuli
qcevis eqspresiaSi monawile erT-erT umniSvnelovanes faqtors (Nelson
& Trainor 2007).
sainteresoa imis aRvniSvna, rom agresiis hormonul-neiromediato-
ruli faqtorebis moqmedebis sumirebisas zogierTi avtori miiCnevs,
rom agresiis trigeruli meqanizmi – qolinergulia (swored es sistema
upiratesad agebs pasuxs qcevis informaciul komponentze), xolo agre-
siis efeqtoruli gamovlinebebi ki – noradrenalinTan aris dakavSire-
buli (Данилова, Крылова 1989).
moyvanili monacemebi metyveleben imaze, rom arsebobs dadebiTi ko-
relacia noradrenergul neirotransmisiasa da bunebriv agresiul pa-
suxs Soris, xolo faqtorebi, romlebic zrdian am neirotransmisias –
aZliereben agresiulobasac (Haller & Kruk 2003).
135
2) cnobilia, rom stres-reaqciis umniSvnelovanes komponents war-

moadgens simpaTikuri nervuli sistemis agzneba, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
iwvevs noradrenalinis gaZlierebul sekreciasa da am neirotransmite-
ris koncentraciis zrdas tvinis stres-reaqtiul struqturebSi mwvave
stresis dros (Kageda & Goldstein 1988; Kvetnansky da T.a. 2009; LeBlanc & Duc-
harme 2007; Otten da T.a. 2002; Sgoifo da T.a. 1996; Stoddart da T.a. 1987; Ulrich-
Lai & Herman 2009). rogorc cnobilia, noradrenalini warmoadgens im faq-
tors, romlis gamoTavisuflebiTac organizmi cdilobs Seeguos stre-
sorebis moqmedebas (saubaria simpaToadrenuli sistemis mediatoruli
nawilis aqtivaciaze). es stres-reaqciis aucilebeli komponentia.
kargad aris cnobili, rom noradrenerguli receptorebis momate-
buli mgrZnobeloba SesaZlebelia dakavSirebuli iyos garemosadmi hi-
perreaqtiulobasTan, rac ukve TavisTavad zrdis agresiuli qcevis ga-
movlenis albaTobas (Siever 2008).
cnobilia isic, rom agonisturi konfrontacia xasiaTdeba centra-
luri da periferiuli noradrenerguli aqtivobis zrdiT da am kanonzo-
mierebas adgili aqvs mravali sxvadasxva saxeobis organizmebSi (Higley da
T.a. 1992; Gerra da T.a., 1997; Miczek & Fish 2006; Sgoifo da T.a. 1996). agresiis
dros adgili aqvs noradrenalinis sinTezisa da gamoTavisuflebis gaZ-
lierebas rogorc cxovelebSi, ise janmrTel (Arregi da T.a. 2006; Davidson
da T.a. 2000b; Gerra da T.a. 1997; Haller da T.a. 1998; Rogoz & Kolasiewicz 2001;
van der Vegt da T.a. 2003; Volavka 1999; Алфимова, Трубников 2000b; Пошивалов
1986; Плюснина da T.a. 2003; Талалаенко da T.a. 2001; Чичинадзе 2004; Чичинадзе,
Гачечиладзе 2006) da fsiqikurad daavadebul adamianebSi (Brady & Sinha 2005;
Herrmann da T.a. 2004; Moeller da T.a. 2001).
muricidiT virTagvebis agresiulobis Sefasebisas, nanaxi iqna, rom
am dros amigdalaSi moTavsebuli nervuli daboloebebidan, adgili
hqonda dofaminis intensiur gamosrolas. Tanac ujredTaSoris sivrce-
Si aRiniSneboda misi metabolitebis – dioqsifenilZmarmJavasa da homo-
vanilinis mJavas koncentraciis mateba, romelic mediatoris gamosro-
lis proporciuli iyo (Гайнетдинов da T.a. 1991). marTalia, Tavad moce-
muli mkvlevarebi muricids saxeobaTSoris agresiad miiCneven, magram
rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT, is saxeobaTSorisi agresiis gamovlenaa
Tu kvebiT-mtacebluri – friad sakamaTo sakiTxia (Tumca, albaT mainc
ufro saxeobaTSorisia).
faqtobrivad, noradrenalinis sinTezi maSin aqtiurdeba, rodesac
agresiuli qceva aucilebelia garemo faqtorebTan Sesagueblad. Sesaba-
misad, naTelia, rom rogorc stres-reaqcia, ise agresia, dakavSirebulia
noradrenerguli da dofaminerguli meqanizmebis intensifikaciasTan.
136
3) am punqtSi jer ganvixiloT monacemebi maRalagresiul da dabalag-

resiul individebSi neirotransmiteruli sistemebis balansis Sesaxeb,
xolo Semdeg ki – amave tipis monacemebi dominant (adamianebSi – lider)
da subdominant individebSi.
agresiuli qcevis meqanizmebis Sesaswavlad erT-erT yvelaze sainte-
reso obieqtze – mamalze (saintereso es obieqti aris imiT, rom sakmari-
sia 2 ucnobi mamlis Sexvedra – xSirad gauCerebeli brZolis dasawyebad.
miuxedavad amisa, agresologebi mainc sakmaod iSviaTad iyeneben moce-
mul obieqts sakuTar kvlevebSi) Catarebul eqsperimentebSi nanaxi iqna,
rom maRalagresiuli, agresori organizmebis sisxlis plazmaSi, norad-
renalinis koncentracia 13,5-jer ufro meti iyo vidre pasiur mamlebSi.
agreTve, gamovlenili iqna dadebiTi rangobrivi korelacia gadatanil
brZolebsa da noradrenalinisa da adrenalinis koncentraciebis Sefar-
debas Soris (Разумов da T.a. 1978).
sensoruli kontaqtis modelSi, agresiuli qcevis Camoyalibebasa da
dafiqsirebas Tan sdevda iseTi bioqimiuri cvlilebebi, romlebic mety-
veleben tvinis dofaminerguli sistemis aqtivaciaze (Девойно da T.a.
1991; Дубровина, Лоскутова 2002). am mimarTulebiT gansakuTrebiT bevri da
saintereso gamokvlevebi ekuTvnis n. kudriavcevas da mis jgufs. kerZod,
centraluri nervuli sistemis ramodenime struqturaSi sxvadasxva ne-
irotransmiterebis koncentraciis mixedviT agresiuli da submisiuri
Tagvebis Sedarebam aCvena, rom agresiuli qcevis Camoyalibeba da gan-
mtkiceba moiTxovda kateqolaminerguli sistemebis totalur CaTrevas.
agresiul cxovelebs aReniSnebodaT hipoTalamusSi – noradrenalinis,
xolo ynosviT bolqvebSi, hipokampsa da nuSisebr kompleqsSi – dofami-
nis (da) metabolitis – 3,4-dihidroqsifenilZmarmJavas (dofZm) ufro ma-
Rali done. gansxvaveba SeiniSneboda, agreTve, metabolizmis koeficien-
tis (dofZm/da) sididis mixedviT. igi sagrZnoblad maRali iyo agresiu-
li Tagvebis hipokampsa da nuSisebr kompleqsSi (Кудрявцева, Бакштановская
1991). am mkvlevarTa mier naCvenebi iqna, rom im organizmebi, romlebic
agonistur SetakebebSi permanentuli gamarjvebebiT gamoirCeodnen
aReniSnebodaT dofaminisa da misi zemoT moyvanili metabolitis maRa-
li done tvinis mTel rig sxva struqturebSic (Кудрявцева da T.a. 2004).
sainteresoa, rom dafarul, mizanmimarTul agresiul qcevaze (zo-
gierTi mkvlevari, am tipis qcevis analogad – mtaceblis `civ~ agresias
miiCnevs (Павленко, Калашник 2005)) dofaminergul sistemas – damamuxru-
Webeli zemoqmedeba gaaCnia (Piazza da T.a. 1985).
radganac ierarqiuli struqturebis warmoqmna cxovelTa samyaroSi
(da ara marto cxovelTa samyaroSi) dakavSirebulia agonistur qcevas-
Tan (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989), saintereso iqneboda am kuTxiT Segvexeda mo-
137
cemuli problemisaTvis anu mogveyvana monacemebi imaze, Tu ramdenadaa

damokidebuli cxovelTa ierarqiuli rangi da neiromediatorTa kon-
centracia erTmaneTze.
pavian hamadrilebze Catarebulma dakvirvebebma aCvena, rom domi-
nant cxovelebs sisxlSi yvelaze maRali hqondaT dofaminis koncentra-
cia, xolo kortizolis ki – yvelaze dabali. Tumca Semdgomi rangis mqo-
ne maimunebs – subdominantebs, dofaminis ufro dabali koncentracia
gaaCndaT vidre dabalrangianebs (Динзбург da T.a. 1992). sxva mkvlevarebis
mier aseve nanaxi iqna dofaminerguli sistemis aqtivobis kavSiri pri-
matebis dominantur statusTan (Kaplan da T.a. 2002; Morgan da T.a. 2002).
aseve, rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli – primatebisa (makakebis 2 saxeobis)
da adamianis genomSi dofaminis transporteri cilis sxvadasxva funqci-
onaluri variantebis identificirebis Sedegad dadginda maTi kavSiri
dominantobasa da submisiurobasTan (Miller-Butterworth da T.a. 2008).
sxvadasxva socialuri statusis virTagvebze Catarebul eqsperimen-
tebSi, afasebdnen tvinis calkeul birTvebSi kateqolaminebis raode-
nobas emociuri stresis Semdeg (Белова da T.a. 1990). aRmoCnda, rom do-
minantebi kateqolaminebis (adrenalinis, noradrenalinis, dofaminis)
ufro maRali koncentraciiT gamoirCeodnen. gansakuTrebiT es exeboda
noradrenalins da ukeT iyo SesamCnevi im birTvebSi, romlebic yvelaze
metad monawileoben hormonul regulaciaSi (n. arcuatus).
cnobilia, rom tvinis stres-reaqtiul stuqturebSi noradrenali-
nis Semcvelobasa da jgufSi dominanti mamrebis raodenobas Soris dade-
biT korelacias aqvs adgili (Serova & Naumenko 1996; Серова, Науменко 1990;
Серова da T.a. 1990). mocemul kvlevebSi iyenebdnen sxvadasxva genotipis
Tagvebs. am mkvlevarebis mier Catarebul, uaRresad saintereso eqsperi-
mentebSi, aseve gamokveTili iqna noradrenalinis administrirebis ro-
li ierarqiuli rangis dakavebis sakiTxSi. kerZod, stabiluri ierarqiu-
li statusis mqone populaciaSi dominant da subdominant TagvebSi gan-
xorcielebuli sxvadasxva preparatebis ineqcia gansxvavebulad cvlida
dofaminisa da noradrenalinis dones. naCvenebi iqna, rom noradrenali-
nis koncentraciis Semcireba (dofaminis donis meryeobis miuxedavad),
dominant da subdominant Tagvebs subordinantebad `CamoaqveiTebda~
(Серова, Науменко 1990).
dominirebisa da morCilebis herni-stefanis TeoriaSi, dominireba
dakavSirebulia simpaTo-adreno-medularul sistemasTan, xolo morCi-
leba hipoTalamo-pituitarul-adrenokortikalur funqciasTan (cit.
Netter 1993 mixedviT). sxva kvlevebSi (eqsperimentebi tardeboda prima-
tebsa da mRrnelebze) naCvenebi iqna, rom submisiuri (damorCilebuli)
organizmebi xasiaTdebodnen stres-sistemis hipofizur-adrenokorti-
138
kaluri Stos aqtivaciiT, xolo dominantebi ki simpaTikuri Stos preva-

lirebiT (Пшенникова 2000; 2001).
agresiuli qcevis determinantad adamianSic, mis tvinSi kateqolami-
nebis koncentraciis cvlilebas (gaem-ergul da serotoninergul meqa-
nizmebTan erTad) miiCneven (Мальцева, Котов 1995).
vudmanisa da TanaavtorTa mier, cixis saavadmyofos pacientebSi
Seswavlil iqna adrenalinisa da noradrenalinis eqskrecia SardiT. es
kvleva Catarda im adamianebSi, romlebic qronikuli stresis pirobebSi
imyofebodnen. gairkva, rom zogierTi pacienti stresze reagirebda Sem-
cirebuli reaqtiulobiT (anu am konkretul SemTxvevaSi stresi maT nak-
lebad azianebda). dabali reaqtiulobis jgufis wevrebs sisxlSi hqon-
daT noradrenalinis maRali koncentracia. ZaladobiT Cadenili danaSa-
ulis (maT Soris mkvlelobebiT) raodenobiT, isini aSkarad uswrebdnen
normaluri reaqtiulobis mqoneebs (Woodman da T.a. 1978).
msgavsi Sedegebi iqna miRebuli sxva gamokvlevaSic. kerZod, agresi-
ul pirebs SardSi Sefardeba noradrenalini/adrenalini maRali hqon-
daT (Gerra da T.a. 1997). paTologiuri agresiuloba xasiaTdeboda zurgis
tvinis siTxeSi noradrenalinis cvlis erT-erTi saboloo produqtis –
3-metoqsi-4-hidroqsi-fenilglikolis koncentraciis matebiT (Розанов
da T.a. 1999).
D.H. Funkenstein-is koncefciis Tanaxmad fsiqologiuri stresebi,
romlebic xasiaTdebian gare gamovlinebebiT (agresia, mrisxaneba, gaaf-
Treba, afeqti) ganpirobebulni arian upiratesad noradrenalinis gamo-
muSavebiT (reagirebis noradrenerguli – pirobiTad `lomis~ tipi) (cit.
Васильев, Чугунов 1985 mixedviT). nevroziani da nevrozis msgavsi sneule-
bebiT daavadebuli, e.i. hiperemociur adamianebze dakvirvebisas, nanaxi
iqna, rom reagirebis noradrenerguli tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia eW-
vianoba, Sinagani daZabuloba. aseT individuumebs axasiaTebdaT lide-
ruli Tvisebebi (Васильев 1990; Васильев, Чугунов 1985). im cdispirebSi, rom-
lebic xasiaTdebodnen maRali aqtivobiT da TviTdajerebulobis maRa-
li doniT, gamoirCeoden noradrenalinis maRali koncentraciiT (Netter
1993). noradrenalinis prevalireba sisxlSi apirobebda iseTi Tvisebebis
ganviTarebas, rogoricaa – gabeduleba, Seupovroba, mrisxaneba (Китаев-
Смык 1983).
cnobilia, rom noradrenalinis koncentraciis Semcireba organizmSi
apirobebda sevdianobis depresias (Данилова, Крылова 1989), agreTve Zebni-
Ti aqtivobis Senelebas (Ротенберг, Коростелева 1989). aq SevniSnavT, rom Zeb-
niTi aqtivoba cxovelebSi, dadebiTad korelirebs agresiul qcevasTan,
yovel SemTxvevaSi,teritoriul agresiasTan (Bergmüller & Taborsky 2007).
139
naCvenebi iqna, rom cxovelebi stresze reagirebis aqtiuri tipiT

xasiaTdebodnen simpaTikuri nervuli sistemis ufro maRali reaqtiu-
lobiT, xolo dabalaqtiur cxovelebs simpaTikuri aqtivobac dabali
hqondaT (Bohus da T.a. 1987; Fokkema da T.a. 1995; Koolhaas da T.a. 1999). Sev-
niSnavT, rom qcevis aqtiuri stili dakavSirebulia socialur urTier-
TobebSi agresiulobis ufro maRal donesTan (Koolhaas da T.a. 1999; Salome
da T.a. 2006). sxva kvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom mRrRnelTa koloniebsa
(Ely 1995) da maimunTa gaerTianebebSi (Clarkson da T.a. 1987) arsebuli do-
minanti individebi gamoirCevian ufro mZlavri simpaTikuri reagirebiT,
vidre dabalrangiani cxovelebi.
damnaSaveebze Catarebul Cven kvlevebSic, SardSi kateqolaminebis
koncentraciis gansazRvram aCvena, rom noradrenalinis koncentracia
SedarebiT dabali agresiulobis mqone damnaSaveebSi 22%-iT ufro nak-
lebi iyo, vidre agresiul damnaSaveebSi, xolo adrenalinis SemTxvevaSi,
es cifri mxolod 5%-s Seadgenda (suraTi 8.3.1.1). Tanac, rogorc arapa-
rametruli, ise parametruli statistikuri analizis mixedviT kateqo-
laminebidan mxolod noradrenalinis koncentraciaTa Soris sxvaoba
iyo sarwmuno (Чичинадзе 2002; Чичинадзе da T.a. 2010).
rasakvirvelia, noradrenalinis momatebuli koncentraciis dafiq-
sireba agresiul damnaSaveTa sisxlSi, avtomaturad ar miuTiTebs moce-
muli neiromediatoris monawileobaze am qcevis CamoyalibebaSi. miTu-
metes, rom Tavad Cveni Seswavlis obieqts – adamians (Tundac umZimesi
danaSaulis Camdens), rogorc wesi cxovrebaSi dasamkvidreblad perma-
nentulad ar sWirdeba agresiuli qceva. rac mTavaria, adamianTa sazoga-
doebaSi sakmaod Znelia monaxo da Seiswavlo ierarqia, romelic mxolod
da mxolod misi Semadgeneli individebis agresiul TvisebebSi gansxvave-
bazea agebuli. adamiani bevrad ufro rTuli arsebaa da masTan ierarqi-
is warmoqmnaSi sxvadasxva faqtorebi monawileoben. es asec rom ar iyos,
adamianis cxovrebaSi danaSauli mainc epizodur movlenad darCeboda.
am mizezebis gamo, agresiulobis Sesaswavlad cxovelTa populaciebSi
arsebuli ierarqiebi – TiTqmis idealuri sistemebia. aq pirvel rigSi,
swored organizmTa agresiuloba ganapirobebs dominireba-subordinan-
tobas (Tumca, rac ufro rTulia cxovelis qceva – miT ufro naklebad
WeSmaritia mocemuli mosazreba). gansakuTrebiT saintereso obieqtebs
warmoadgenen am mxriv Tagvebi, romlebic mRrRnelebSic ki gamoirCevian
TavianTi agresiulobiT (saubaria, rasakvirvelia, Sidasaxeobriv agre-
siulobaze). amitomac avirCieT kvlevisTvis agresiis cxoveluri mode-
lebi.
dominant Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi noradrenalinis koncentraciis
gansazRvrisas nanaxi iqna, rom dominant TagvebSi misi done sarwmunod
140
sur. 8.3.3.1. noradrenalinis koncentracia dominanti, submisiuri da

`gardamavali~ Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi (ng/g)
gansxvaveba àbsolutur~ dominantebsa da submisiurebs Soris, agreTve
àbsolutur~ dominantebsa da `gardamaval~ organizmebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
ufro maRali iyo vidre danarCen TagvebSi da gansakuTrebiT ki submisi-

ur TagvebTan SedarebiT (suraTi 8.3.3.1). igive kanonzomiereba iqna nanaxi
sisxlSi noradrenalinis donis SemTxvevaSic. aqac dominantebi norad-
renalinis sarwmunod ufro maRali koncentraciiT gamoirCeodnen sub-
misiuri da `gardamavali~ jgufis TagvebTan SedarebiT (cxrili 8.3.3.1).
Tumca, iyo garkveuli sxvaobac. kerZod, hipoTalamusSi noradrenalinis
donis mixedviT submisiuri da `gardamavali~ jgufis cxovelebs Soris
statistikurad sarwmuno sxvaobas ar hqonda adgili, xolo sisxlSi no-
radrenalinis koncentracia submisiurebs sarwmunod dabali hqondaT.
rac Seexeba sisxlSi adrenalinis koncentracias, is rogorc do-
minantebs, ise `gardamavlebs~ ufro maRali hqondaT, vidre submisiur
cxovelebs. Tumca dominantebsa da `gardamavlebs~ Soris sarwmuno sxva-
obas ar hqonda adgili (cxrili 8.3.3.1).
aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom mxolod noradrenalini aRmoCnda is
erTaderTi nivTiereba (im humorul agentTa siidan, romelTa koncen-
tracia Cven SeviswavleT), romelic a) sarwmunod ufro maRali koncen-
traciiT gamoirCeoda maRalagresiul organizmebSi (rogorc adamianeb-
141
Si, ise TagvebSi) naklebagresiulebTan SedarebiT da b) misi koncentra-

cia am individebSi ar iyo populaciur normaze naklebi.
cxrili 8.3.3.1
noradrenalinisa da adrenalinis koncentracia dominanti,
submisiuri da `gardamavali~ jgufis Tagvebis sisxlSi (ng/ml-Si)
I jgufi II jgufi III jgufi

(àbsoluturi~ (submisiurebi) (`gardamavlebi~)
dominantebi)
noradrenalini (na) 75.0±1.15*# 20.0±0.5774+ 35.0±5.05

adrenalini (a) 6.0±0.58* 2.50±0.29+ 5.83±0.73
* gansxvaveba I da II jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).

#
gansxvaveba I da III jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).
+
gansxvaveba II da III jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).
sainteresoa imis aRniSvna, rom noradrenalini SesaZlebelia mo-

nawileobs agresiuli qcevis induqciaSi ara marto uSualod, aramed
testosteronis sinTezis gaZlierebis gziTac. literaturaSi sakmaod
bevria monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom noradrenalini astimulirebs malu-
Teinizebeli hormonis (LH) sinTezs, qalebSic da mamakacebSic (Chrousos
da T.a. 1998; Науменко da T.a. 1983) da aZlierebs testosteronis sinTezs
rogorc in vivo (Chiocchio da T.a. 1999; Науменко da T.a. 1983), ise in vitro (Ma-
yerhofer da T.a. 1993; Науменко da T.a. 1983). analogiuri moqmedeba gaaCnia
simpaTikuri nervuli sistemis agznebasac. aRniSnuli efeqtebi mniSvne-
lovanwilad gamowveulia adrenerguli stimulaciis Sedegad saTeslee-
bis maluTeinizirebeli hormonisadmi mgrZnobelobis matebiT. kerZod,
cnobilia, rom gonaduri LH receptorebis raodenoba kontrolirdeba
pirvel yovlisa simpaTikuri testikuluri nervebis saSualebiT, ro-
melTa sxeulebic zurgis tvinis Torakalur segmentSi imyofeba (Lee da
T.a. 2002; Mayerhofer 1996; Ogilvie & Rivier 1998; Rauchenwald da T.a. 1995). sa-
Tesleebis qirurgiuli Tu sxva saxis desimpaTizacia amcirebs leidigis
ujredebze LH receptorebis raodenobas (Campos da T.a. 1993; Ogilvie da
T.a. 1999). xolo amave nervebis stimulacia ki aZlierebs testosteronis
produqcias (Chiocchio da T.a. 1999). mkvlevarTa umravlesobis azriT tes-
tosteronis produqciis amgvari zrda, upiratesad α-adrenorecepto-
rebis agznebiT aris gamowveuli (Ogilvie & Rivier 1998; Gladkova 2000). Tanac,
simpaTikuri eferentuli inervacia ufro efeqturi aRmoCnda mgrZnobe-
lobis aseTi modulaciisaTvis, vidre hormonuli (adrenuli) aqtivacia
(Ogilvie & Rivier 1998). Tanac es miuxedavad imisa, rom metabolizmze adre-
142
nalinis moqmedeba ufro mZlavria, vidre noradrenalinis. Cveni azriT,

es SesaZlebelia ganpirobebuli iyos Semdegi mizezebiT: 1) α-adrenore-
ceptorebis Tvisoba noradrenalinisadmi ufro maRalia, vidre adre-
nalinisadmi (Milligan da T.a. 1994); 2) rogorc Cans, simpaTikuri nervuli
sistemis agzneba leidigis ujredebis garSemo, hormonul stimulacias-
Tan SedarebiT, kateqolaminTa ufro maRal koncentracias qmnis (WiWi-
naZe 1997) (testosteronisa da stresis urTierTdamokidebulebis es da
sxva sakiTxebi detalurad gvaqvs ganxiluli Cvens statiaSi (Chichinadze &
Chichinadze 2008), romelSic stresisa da testosteronis dinamikis urTi-
erTdamokidebulebaze Camoyalibebuli gvaqvs sakuTari originaluri
koncefcia).
androgenebsa da noradrenalins Soris aseTi funqcionaluri kavSi-
ris arseboba (anu organizmSi testosteronis maRali done, ar gamoricx-
avs da xSirad Sedegia noradrenalinis maRali donisa) monawileobs do-
minantur da agresiul individebSi testosteronis gaZlierebuli sek-
reciis fenomenSi.
arsebobs kidev erTi argumenti, romelic xazs usvams noradrener-
guli meqanizmebis monawileobas agresiul qcevaSi. agresiuli qceva
energodamokidebuli qcevaa da moiTxovs energoresursebis swraf mobi-
lizacias (Haller 1995), xolo simpaTikuri nervuli sistema da centralu-
ri noradrenerguli meqanizmebi CarTulni arian brZola/gaqcevis reaq-
ciebSi (Simon & Coccaro 1999). Sesabamisad, agresiuli qcevisaTvis saWiro
swrafi motoruli reaqciebis uzrunvelyofa mTlianad simpaTikuri me-
qanizmebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Tanac, hipoTalamusis im regionebis si-
axlove da nawilobrivi gadafarva, romlebic monawileoben TavdacviT
reaqciebSi da simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis stimulaciaSi, metyvelebs
hipoTalamur doneze arsebul funqciur urTierTkavSirze agresiis
meqanizmebsa da centraluri simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis kontrolis
meqanizmebs Soris (Haller da T.a. 1998). naTelia, rom noradrenalins sxva
funqcia rom ar gaaCndes, agresiuli Setevebis metaboluri momzadebis
funqcia (Семенова, Манчук 2008) mas mainc eqneboda.
rogorc vxedavT, noradrenalini akmayofilebs Cven mier agresiuli
qcevis induqtorisaTvis Camoyalibebul samive pirobas da albaT, igi un-
da CavTvaloT agresiul qcevaSi monawile mTavar komponentad.
miuxedavad imisa, rom serotonini srulyofilad ver akmayofilebs
agresiis determinantisTvis wamoyenebul pirobebs, mainc gvinda SevniS-
noT, rom Cven kvlevebSi swored noradrenalisa da serotoninis koncen-
traciebis fardoba (na/s) tvinis stres-reaqtiul struqturebSi, yve-
laze ufro kargad asaxavda organizmTa agresiis donesa da ierarqiul
rangs (Chichinadze 2004; Чичинадзе, Гачечиладзе 2006). saqme is aris, rom cal-
143
calke noradrenalinisa da serotoninis koncentraciebisagan gansxva-

vebiT, mxolod am koeficientis SemTxvevaSi iyo sarwmuno samive jgufs
Soris sxvaoba (cxrili 8.3.3.2). maRalagresiul, dominant individebs es
koeficienti yvelaze maRali hqondaT, agresiulobis saSualo donis
mqones – saSualo, xolo submisiurebs ki – yvelaze dabali.
cxrili 8.3.3.2
dominanti, submisiuri da `gardamavali~ Tagvebis
hipoTalamusSi noradrenalinisa da serotoninis
koncentraciaTa Sefardebis koeficienti
I àbsoluturi II submisiuri III jgufi

dominantebi~ Tagvebi
noradrenalini/ 2.93±0.29*# 1.07±0.12+ 1.85±0.2
serotonini
* gansxvaveba I da II jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).

#
gansxvaveba I da III jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).
+
gansxvaveba II da III jgufebs Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05).
am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso faqts warmoadgens is, rom 6-oqsido-

faminis zemoqmedebiT (igi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kateqolaminuri sis-
temis gamofitvas iwvevs) cxovelTa darRveuli qcevis kompensacia SesaZ-
lebeli iyo rogorc noradrenalinis donis gazrdiT (L-dofa, dioqsife-
nolserini), aseve serotoninerguli sistemis aqtivobis SemcirebiT (pa-
raqlorfenilalanini). efeqtebis aseTi msgavseba SeiZleba avxsnaT tvi-
nis noradrenergul da serotoninergul sistemebs Soris reciprokuli
urTierTobebis arsebobiT (Громова, Семенова 1989). pozitiuri efeqtebis
aseTi msgavseba, SegviZlia avxsnaT qerqveSa kvanZebSi maTi axlo lokali-
zaciiTac (Сергеев da T.a. 1999), nakeris birTvebsa da lurji laqis aqti-
vobis urTierTregulaciiT, am sistemebs Soris arsebuli anatomiuri da
bioqimiuri kavSirebis arsebobis gamo (Громова, Семенова 1989).
am faqtebze dayrdnobiT, agresiuli qcevis mTavar endogenur induq-
torad (sxva induqtorebTan SedarebiT) noradrenalini unda CavTvaloT
(Chichinadze da T.a. 2009). is monawileobs agresiuli qcevis genezisSi da
Tanac, misi sinTezi swored im dros Zlierdeba, rodesac agresiuli qce-
va maqsimalurad aucilebelia gare faqtorebTan Sesagueblad. Tumca
aqve unda davZinoT, rom specifikuri agresogenuli nivTiereba ar aris
aRmoCenili da, rogorc Cans, mxolod am funqciis matarebeli komponen-
ti organizmSi ar gamomuSavdeba.
met-naklebad mwyobri koncefciisa Tu Teoriis Camoyalibebis Sem-
deg, mkvlevars yovelTvis Tu ara, xSirad mainc uCndeba cduneba (Tu is
144
namdvili mecnieria – mxolod qvecnobieri cduneba) faqtTa is mcire na-

wili, romelTa axsnas mocemuli koncefcia ver axerxebs, an artefaqte-
bad gamoacxados an rogorme `moargos~ arsebul Teorias. Cven kargad
gvesmis aseTi safrTxis arseboba da amitom frTxilad mivudeqiT im masa-
lis analizs, romelic `pirveli miaxloebiT~ (в первом приближении) mainc
garkveul winaaRmdegobaSia Cven mier wamoyenebul koncefciasTan. gan-
vixiloT aRniSnuli momentebi.
cnobilia, rom literaturaSi sakmaod didi raodenobiT moipoveba
masala noradrenalinisa da adrenalinis maRali donis Sesaxeb subor-
dinant organizmebSi (magaliTisaTvis, otenis (Otten da T.a. 2002) da ste-
fanskis (Stefansky 2000) statiebic gamodgeba). es TiTqos ewinaaRmdegeba
Cven mier warmodgenil koncefcias. am sakiTxis analizs sakmao adgili
davuTmeT Cvens erT-erT statiaSi (ix. Чичинадзе, Гачечиладзе 2006), axla
SevecdebiT mokled, axali monacemebis safuZvelze, kvlav gavaanalizoT
mocemuli problema. isedac naTelia, rom simpaTikuri nervuli siste-
mis hiperaqtiuroba, ara marto reagirebis noradrenerguli tipis mqone
organizmebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens, aramed igi damaxa-
siaTebelia stresSi myofi rogorc dominanti, ise subordinanti orga-
nizmebisaTvis (am sakiTxze literatura ixileT Cvens statiaSi Чичинадзе,
Гачечиладзе 2006). faqtobrivad, amas gulisxmobdnen agresiis mkvlevarebi
hadeni da skarpa, rodesac werdnen `...ucnobia warmoadgens Tu ara no-
radrenerguli sistemis hiperaqtiuroba, moqmed stresze pasuxs Tu igi
agresiis gamovlenas unda mivakuTvnoT...~ (Haden & Scarpa 2007). maSasada-
me, Cven SesaZlebelia gamovyoT simpaTikuri noradrenerguli sistemis
aqtivaciis 2 gansxvavebuli meqanizmi. pirveli maTgani dakavSirebulia
gamowvevaze reagirebis garkveul tipTan da upiratesad, maRalagresi-
ul da/an dominantur organizmebs axasiaTebs, xolo meore ki organizmis
stresuli mobilizaciis Sedegia (Carrasco & van de Kar 2003) da ar aris da-
kavSirebuli organizmis rangTan. am mosazrebebs, nawilobriv van los da
Tanaavtorebis mier Catarebuli eqsperimentebic adastureben. kerZod,
maT mier iqna nanaxi, rom Tirozinis dofaminad gardamqmneli fermentis
– Tirozin hidroqsilazas (TH) aqtivoba izrdeboda rogorc im subor-
dinantebSi, romlebmac yvelaze meti Seteva ganicades (e.i. yvelaze me-
tad stresirebulebSi), iseve dominant organizmebSi. maSin, rodesac TH-
is done im subordinantebSi, romlebsac SedarebiT naklebad utevdnen
(e.i. imyofebodnen SedarebiT dabali stresis pirobebSi) – dabali iyo
(van Loo da T.a. 2001). maSasadame, fermenti, romlis done, marTalia ara-
pirdapir, magram saboloo jamSi mainc gansazRvravs noradrenerguli
sistemis aqtivacias, yvelaze maRali hqondaT dominantebs da yvelaze
ufro metad stresirebul subordinantebs. vfiqrobT, rom es monaceme-
145
bi kargad adastureben ideas noradrenalinis maRali donis ori gansxva-

vebuli meqanizmis Sesaxeb. rogorc vxedavT, aqac (msgavsad serotoninis
SemTxvevaSi ganxiluli SemTxvevisa – rodesac gaugebari iyo, Tu ratom
aRiniSneboda zogjer am neirotransmiteris koncentraciis mateba do-
minant organizmebSi) mniSvnelovania ar aurioT mwvave stresiT gamow-
veuli noradrenalinis sinTezis gaZliereba (da Sesabamisad misi maRali
done tvinis sxvadasxva struqturebSi), romelic gxvdeba yvela ierarqi-
uli rangis cxovelebSi (da gansakuTrebiT, ki im individebSi, romlebic
mZafri stresis qveS imyofebian) – praqtikulad mxolod maRalagresiu-
li/dominanti organizmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel – tvinSi noradrena-
linis maRali bazaluri koncentraciis arsebobis movlenasTan.
rogorc vxedavT, yovelive zemoT moyvanili adasturebs imas, rom
marTalia noradrenalini ar warmoadgens specifikur agresogenul niv-
Tierebas (aseTi nivTiereba arc arsebobs bunebaSi), magram mas, sxva na-
erTebTan SedarebiT, yvelaze ufro metad Seesabameba agresiuli qcevis
regulatoris funqcia.
8.3.4. calkeuli neirotransmiterebi, hormonebi

da receptoruli sistemebi
miuxedavad Cven mier wina qveTavSi, agresiaSi noradrenalinis rol-

Tan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli daskvnisa, mainc vTvliT saWirod mimovi-
xiloT sxva bioqimiuri agentebis monawileobaze arsebuli masala.
radganac hipoTalamusis calkeuli birTvebis dazianebis Tu aqti-
vaciis Sedegad miiReba agresiuli qcevis modulacia, amitom zogierTi
mkvlevaris azriT swored hipoTalamusSi arian ganlagebulni agresiis
CamrTveli neironebi. maTi varaudiT, swored iq sinTezirdebian is niv-
Tierebebi, romlebic tvinis sxvadasxva ubanSi Tavmoyril agresiuli
qcevis maregulirebel neironebs erTian ansamblSi aerTianeben. gamom-
dinare aqedan, iTvleba, rom hipoTalamo-hipofizarul areSi gamomuSa-
vebuli humoruli faqtorebi (peptiduri da sxva bunebis) am tipis qcevis
warmarTvaSi monawileoben (Пошивалов 1986).
hipoTalamo-hipofizaruli oligopeptidebis roli TavdasxmiTi
da TavdacviTi qcevis integraciaSi udavod didia. qcevaze maTi myisi-
eri moqmedebis efeqti dakavSirebulia, oligopeptidebis specifikur
fsiqotropul moqmedebasTan, xolo peptidebisa da misi analogebis xan-
grZlivi zemoqmedebisas, adgili aqvs ukve kompleqsur moqmedebas – hor-
monulsa da trofikuls (Пошивалов 1986).
melanocit-mainhibirebeli hormonis (melanostatini) Seyvana Tag-
vebSi zrdida Tavdacvis reaqciebs. msgavs efeqtebs hqonda adgili kateb-
146
Sic. maTSi igi aZlierebda TavdacviT da mtaceblur agresias (Пошивалов

1986).
melanotropini (melanostatinis antagonisti) organizmSi Seyvani-
sas, Tagvebis qcevaze rTul zemoqmedebas axdenda. Seyvanidan mcire xan-
Si igi amcirebda izolirebuli cxovelebis agresiulobas, romelic co-
ta xnis Semdeg mkveTrad aZlierebda mas (Рылов 1985).
Tireotropin-rilizing hormoni (Tiroliberini) msgavsad mela-
nostatinisa zrdida agresiulobas, Sidasaxeobrivi urTierTobebis yve-
la saxes (Пошивалов 1986).
kortikotropin-rilizing hormons (CRH) aRmoaCnda tvinis plas-
tikurobis ganmapirobebeli Tvisebebi. kerZod, nanaxi iqna, rom intrana-
zalurad Seyvanisas CRH aqtiur virTagvebSi (KHA xazi) iwvevda moto-
ruli da kvleviTi aqtivobis Semcirebas, xolo pasiur virTagvebSi (KLA
xazi) ki piriqiT, adgili hqonda cxovelTa qceviTi aqtivaciis zrdas
(Шаляпина da T.a. 2005). mogvianebiT stadiebSi igive funqcias, rogorc
Cans, asruleben kortikosteroiduli hormonebi (Korte 2001). kortikot-
ropin-rilizing hormonis am Tvisebaze imitom SevaCereT yuradReba,
rom rig situaciebSi, misi moqmedebiT inducirebuli zemoqmedeba SeiZ-
leba gaxdes agresiuli qcevis mizezi.
adenokortikotropuli hormonis (akth) da misi fragmentebis
(akth4-10, akth1-24 da sxv.) zemoqmedebiT virTagvebSi Zlierdeboda agre-
siul-TavdacviTi qceva (Северьянова, Плотников 1986). Tumca sxvadasxva
mkvlevarTa monacemebi ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs. arsebobs monaceme-
bi imis Sesaxeb, rom akth4-10 fragmenti amcirebs virTagvebis hiperemoci-
urobas, gamowveuls Zgidis dazianebiT (Громов 1992). izolirebul agre-
siul TagvebSi akth1-24 Seyvana Tavdapirvelad amcirebda Sidasaxeobriv
agresiulobas, Semdeg ki aZlierebda mas. peptidis erTjeradi zemoq-
medeba aZlierebda agresiulobas, xolo qronikuli ineqciebisas ki pi-
riqiT – amcirebda (Пошивалов 1986). mocemuli winaaRmdegobebis axsnas
Seecada amerikeli mkvlevari d. adamsi. mwvave, mcire xnis ganmavlobaSi
mimdinare stresis dros akth axdens organizmis mobilizebas, aumjobe-
sebs mexsierebas, amwvavebs aRqmas. amas yvelafers agresiulobis zrdac
mosdevs. sruliad sxvagvaria qronikuli stresis dros akth-is efeqti.
am dros faqtobrivad organizmi gamofitulia da gadarCenis erTaderT
strategias warmoadgens, rac SeiZleba naklebi resursebis xarjva. maT
Soris agresiuli qcevis mkveTri Semcirebis xarjze (Adams 1984).
opioiduri neiropeptidebis jgufis warmomadgenlebi mniSvnelo-
van rols asruleben agresiuli qcevis regulaciaSi. Tavad opiaturi
receptorebi (μ-, κ-, δ- da sxv.) erT-erT yvelaze axalaRmoCenil recep-
torebs warmoadgenen (Сергеев da T.a. 1999). Tavis tvinSi maTi ganawilebis
147
Seswavlisas, aRmoCenili iyo, rom maqsimaluri koncentracia SeiniSneba

limbur sistemaSi – tvinis evoluciurad erT-erT uZveles struqtura-
Si, romelic pasuxs agebs emociuri agznebis procesze (Khachaturian da T.a.
1985).
literaturaSi sakmaod winaaRmdegobrivia monacemebi, opiatTa ago-
nistebisa da antagonistebis moqmedebis eTologiur-farmakologiuri
efeqtebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, zogierTi monacemis mixedviT opiaturi sis-
tema apirobebs agresiul qcevas (Miczek da T.a. 1994b), xolo maTi blo-
katorebis Seyvana organizmSi ki amcirebs agresias. sxva mkvlevarebi
uaryofen am monacemebs da aRniSnaven, rom agonistebis da antagonis-
tebis zemoqmedebiT zemoT moyvanilis SebrunebiTi efeqtebi SeiniSneba
-agonisti preparatis – morfinis sxvadasxva doziT Seyvana maRa-
lagresiul TagvebSi amcirebda agresias. SfoTian cxovelebSi, igi aseve
amcirebda SiSis xarisxs. k-agonistebi pentazocini, tifluadomi da bre-
mazocini aseve amcirebdnen agresiul reaciebs, magram maRalagresiul
TagvebSi adgili hqonda TavdacviTi qcevisa da SfoTvis zrdas. δ-ago-
nisti fenciklidinis nebismieri doziT Seyvanisas mcireboda agresias,
Tumca mSiSara TagvebSi igi aZlierebda TavdacviTi reaqciebis gamovle-
nas (Пошивалов 1986).
rac Seexeba opiatTa antagonistebs – naloqsonsa da naltreqsons,
cnobilia, rom dabal dozebSi isini warmoadgenen μ-receptorTa seleq-
tiur blokatorebs, xolo maRal dozebSi ki axdenen sxva danarCen re-
ceptorTa blokatorebsac (Benton 1985). izolant Tagvebze (romelTac
hqonda sxva TagvebTan konfliqtis gamocdileba) dakvirvebam aCvena, rom
am preparatTa mcire dozebiT Seyvanisas, Setevebis intensivoba izrde-
boda, xolo maRal dozebSi ki piriqiT – mcirdeboda. mSiSara izolant
TagvebSi isini amZafrebdnen TavdacviT qcevas, rac gverdiTi Tavdacvi-
Ti pozebiT gamoixateboda. rogorc Cans, opiatTa antagonistebi aZlie-
rebdnen ZiriTadad aqtiur Tavdacvas, xolo agonistebi aaqtiurebdnen
pasiuri tipis Tavdacvas. aqedan gamomdinare opiatTa deficiti (gamow-
veuli misi antagonistTa efeqtiT), xels uwyobs aradiferencirebuli
hiperreaqtiulobis gamovlenas aqtiuri TavdacviTi reaqciebis saxiT
(Пошивалов 1986). Tagvebi, romlebic mudmivad marcxdebian brZolebSi (de-
feated mice) ganicdian endogenuri opiatebis deficits da tolerantul-
ni arian morfinisadmi (Miczek da T.a. 1984). piriqiT, opiatTa raodenobis
mateba iwvevda analgezias, agresiisa da komunikaciis unaris Semcirebas.
radganac opiatTa ligandebis antiagresiuli Tvisebebi vlindeba maTi
analgezuri efeqtis dozebis siaxloves, amitom am substanciis specifi-
kuri antiagresiuli Tvisebebi sakmaod dabalia (Пошивалов 1986).
148
garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli Sedegebi iqna miRebuli sxva gamok-

vlevaSi, sadac sensoruli kontaqtis modelis (Кудрявцева 1999) gamoye-
nebiT swavlobdnen naltreqsonis gavlenas agresiul qcevaze sxvadasxva
socialuri gamarjvebebis mqone cxovelebSi (Липина da T.a. 1998). miRe-
buli Sedegebis sumirebam gvanaxa, rom àxalbeda~ mamr TagvebSi yvela
tipis opiaturi receptoris blokada naltreqsoniT maRali dozebiT
iwvevda agresiuli qcevis Semcirebas da SesaZloa anqsiogenur efeq-
tsac (es ukanaskneli komunikatiurobis SemcirebiT fasdeboda). mrava-
li gamarjvebis mqone mamrebSi, preparati iwvevda sawinaaRmdego efeqts
– agresiulobis zrdas, romelsac mcire dozebSic vlindeboda da do-
zadamokidebuli saxe hqonda. rogorc Cans, qronikuli agonisturi kon-
frontaciebis dros adgili aqvs Tavis tvinis im mediatoruli sisteme-
bis mdgomareobis cvlilebebs, romelzec opioidebi zegavlenas axdenen
(Кудрявцева, Бакштановская 1991).
arsebobs monacemebi virTagvebSi opiatTa agonistebisa da antago-
nistebis gavlenaze mdedrobiT agresiaze. am wyaros mixedviT -ago-
nistebi morfini da buprenorfini iwveven mdedris mamrisadmi agresiis
dozadamokidebul Semcirebas, xolo -agonistebi tifluadomi da bre-
mazocini, aseve amcireben mamrisadmi agresiasac, magram wina preparate-
bisagan gansxvavebiT – aaqtiureben mdedrebSi moTxovnilebas Tavi aari-
don mamrebTan aqtiur kontaqtebs (es SegviZlia ganvixiloT pasiur-Tav-
dacviT reaqciad). naloqsoni da naltreqsoni maRal dozebSi mkveTrad
Trgunaven mdedrebis mamrebTan yvela saxis urTierTobis gamovlenas.
dabal dozebSi aRniSnuli cvlilebebi statistikurad sarwmuno ar iyo
(Косенкова, Пошивалов 1989).
rasakvirvelia, SeuZlebelia yvela peptiduri struqturis CamoT-
vla, romlebic monawileoben agresiuli reaqciebis modulaciaSi. maT
ricxvs miekuTvneba: vazopresini, angiotenzin II, substancia P da mrava-
li sxva.
sainteresoa, rom zemoT ganxiluli peptiduri bunebis biologiu-
rad aqtiuri nivTierebebis moqmedebis meqanizmi, sakmaod hgavs erTma-
neTs da ramodenime ZiriTadi neiromediatoruli sistemis aqtivaciaSi
mdgomarebs. melanostatinis SemTxvevaSi es aris dofaminuri da misi an-
tagonisturi gamaaminoerbomJavis (gaem) sistemis stimulacia (Вальдман,
Пошивалов 1984); somatostatinic dofaminis sinTezs astimulirebs
(Громов 1992), aseve Tiroliberinic (Рылов 1985); opiaturi agonistebi –
nigrostrialuri da mezolimburis sistemebis dofaminergul termina-
lebze moTavsebuli receptorebis stimulatorebi arian (Rodgers 1988).
akth da α-melanotropinis SemTxvevaSi dadgenilia maTi dofaminur sis-
temaze zemoqmedeba (Громов 1992).
149
rTuli TavdacviTi da agresiuli qceviTi reaqciebis ganxorciele-

baSi CarTulia mravali neiromediatoruli sistema, romelTagan unda
gamovyoT benzodiazepinuri, gaem-, qolinerguli sistemebi.
benzodiazepinuri receptorebis ligandis β-karbolinis 1 mg/kg
doziT Seyvana iwvevda SeteviTi reaqciebis zrdas izolant TagvebSi.
Tumca, zogierTi naerTi, romelic benzodiazepinur receptorebTan
agonistebis SekavSirebis inhibirebas axorcielebda (mag. harmaloli da
6-meToqsi-harmalani), mcire dozebSi amcirebda agresiis gamovlinebebs
cnobilia, rom benzodiazepinuri receptorebi cvlian TavianT Tvi-
sebebs sxvadasxva stresuli mdgomareobebis dros. mag., civ wyalSi cur-
viT miRebuli stresi, virTagvebis tvinis qerqSi da hipokampSi amcirebda
Bmax-s (Medina da T.a. 1983). agresiul TagvebSi benzodiazepinuri recep-
torebis SekavSirebis specifikuri adgilebis Semcirebas adgili hqonda
naTxemSi, qerqsa da Sua tvinSi, xolo araagresiulebSi – ZiriTadad, qer-
qSi (Пошивалов 1986).
cxovelTa qcevaze dakvirvebam gvanaxa, rom benzodiazepinuri recep-
torebis agonistebi (diazepami, medazepami, fenazepami) amcireben SiSis
gamovlenas, TavdacviT reaqciebsa da umravles SemTxvevaSi agresiasac
(Петров da T.a. 1999). gansakuTrebiT kargad vlindeba mocemuli efeqtebi
maRali SfoTvis mqone izolant TagvebSi. am dros adgili hqonda gaqce-
viTi da gverdis avliTi reaqciebis daTrgunvas, gverdiTi da vertika-
luri TavdacviTi pozebis raodenobis Semcirebas (Mos & Oliver 1987).
benzodiazepinuri receptorebis agonistebis moqmedeba agresiuli
qcevis modulaciaze, rogorc Cans, opiaturi, gaem-erguli da serotoni-
nergul sistemaze zemoqmedebiT xorcieldeba (Пошивалов 1986).
gamaaminoerbos mJava (gaem) centraluri nervuli sistemis erT-er-
Ti ZiriTadi damamuxruWebeli mediatoria da asrulebs presinafsuri
damuxruWebis funqcias (Мухин 1990). tvinSi misi raodenobis daaxloebiT
30%-s mcire kompartmenti Seicavs da swored is monawileobs agresiuli
qcevis regulaciaSi (De Paulis & Vergnes 1984).
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi izolirebul cxove-
lebSi Zalian kargadaa gamoxatuli TavdasxmiTi tipis agresiuli qceva.
maT aReniSnebaT hiperreaqtiuloba, hipermoZraobis sindromi. mocemul
organizmTa agresias dauokebeli xasiaTi aqvs. es da msgavsi movlenebi
SegviZlia SevafasoT, rogorc qcevis erTgvari `ganmuxruWebis~ gamov-
lineba. avtorTa azriT, SesaZlebelia mocemuli movlena dakavSirebu-
lia damamuxruWebeli neirotransmiterebis, kerZod gaem-is, deficit-
Tan. marTlac, agresiul izolantebs gaem-is dabali koncentracia gaaC-
150
niaT tvinis, e.w. damamuxruWebel struqturebSi – striatumSi, hipokam-

pSi, agreTve nuSisebr kompleqsSi da ynosvis bolqvebSi (Пошивалов 1986).
gaem-is efeqti – arafarmakologiur dozebSi organizmSi Seyvanisas
Seamciros agznebadoba, didi xania rac cnobilia. gaem receptorebis
agonisti muscimoli amcirebs agresiulobas mcire dozebSic ki. igive
efeqti iqna nanaxi gaem-is sxva agonistebisa da analogebis, misi degrada-
ciis mainhibirebeli faqtorebis moqmedebisas (Пошивалов 1986).
msgavsad mTeli rigi sxva nivTierebebis moqmedebisa, garkveuli sxva-
oba arsebobs gaem-is agresiul da damorCilebul organizmebze moqmede-
bis efeqtebSic. agresiul cxovelebSi misi gamoyeneba amcirebs agresias,
magram Zlieri stimulaciis fonze, taqtiluri provokaciiT SeiZleba
mivaRwioT damcvelobiTi – Tumca araspecifikuri pasuxis ganviTarebas
(garidebas, ukugdebas, SekrTomas). aseve sainteresoa, rom damorCile-
bul TagvebSi gaem-agonistebis moqmedeba faqtobrivad imave dozebiT
amcirebs TavdacviT qcevas, ra dozebSic TavdasxmiTs (Пошивалов 1986).
qolinerguli sistema agreTve mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs agre-
siuli da TavdacviTi qcevis integraciaSi. centraluri muskarinuli
receptorebis agzneba agonistebiT apirobebs afeqturi agresiulobis
zrdas, maTi blokada ki amcirebs mas (Bell & Brown 1985). centraluri ni-
kotinuri receptorebis agzneba amcirebs afeqtur agresiulobas, maTi
blokada ki aZlierebs mas (Северьянова 1987). Tumca, am reaqciebs, umrav-
les SemTxvevaSi, àradiferencirebuli gaafTrebis~ an àfeqturi agre-
siis~ saxe hqondaT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom qolinerguli sistemis agonistebis agznebis
gavleniT Zlierdeba, ZiriTadad TavdacviTi qceva. dRemde verc erT eq-
sperimentSi ver iqna nanaxi maTi gavleniT Sidasaxeobrivi agresiis speci-
fikuri gaZliereba. maSin, rodesac saxeobaTSorisi agresiis SemTxvevaSi
aseTi Sedegi, yovel SemTxvevaSi katebsa da virTagvebze, aris miRebuli.
rogorc Cans, qolinerguli mediacia agresiuli qcevis Camoyali-
bebis integraciul procesebSi erTveba Zalian adre: Sesabamisi stimu-
lebis percepciisa da amocnobis etapze. yovel SemTxvevaSi calsaxadaa
cnobili, rom ynosviTi da vizualuri informacia centralur nervul
sistemaSi miemarTeba im pirveladi arxebiT, romelTac qolinerguli
struqturebi gaaCniaT (Пошивалов 1986).
eqsperimentebSi nanaxi iqna qolinolitikebis gamoxatuli efeqti
rogorc SiSis, aseve gaafTrebis reaqciaze. Tumca, maTi ufro mZlavri
zemoqmedeba am ukanasknelze aixsneba gaqceviT reaqciasTan SedarebiT,
agresiuli qcevis sirTuliT, aseve agresiuli qcevis aqtSi informaci-
ul-situaciuri komponentebis upiratesi CaTreviT (Симонов 1986).
151
mocemul qveTavSi moyvanili arc erTi qimiuri nivTiereba ar akmayo-

filebs Cven mier SemuSavebul kriteriumebs. maT garSemo arsebuli masa-
lis analizi, ufro monografiis informaciuli sisrulisadmi erTgvari
`xarkis~ moxdiT iyo gamowveuli, vidre realuri biologiuri induqto-
rebis ZiebiT.
8.3.5. agresiis neirobiologiur meqanizmebsa da agresiuli

qcevis klasifikacias Soris arsebuli Sesabamisoba
agresiis nebismieri klasifikacia, Tuki mas samecniero klasifika-

ciaze pretenzia gaaCnia, dafuZnebuli unda iyos, garda wminda eTolo-
giur/fsiqologiurisa, fiziologiur da bioqimiur parametrTa Soris
sxvaobazec. agresiis biologiur induqtorebze dawerili Tavis bolos,
SevecadoT am kuTxiT mivudgeT Cven mier SemuSavebuli agresiuli qcevis
klasifikacias.
rogorc cnobilia, noradrenalinis done rogorc cns-is agresoge-
nul da stresogenul struqturebSi, ise xSirad periferiazec, dade-
biTad korelirebs agresiulobasTan da dominirebasTan. gasagebia, rom
frustraciiT gamowveuli TavdasxmiTi qceva (Cveni klasifikaciiT me-2
tipia agresia) swored noradrenerguli meqanizmebis prevalirebis mqo-
ne organizmebs unda axasiaTebdeT. upirveles yovlisa, swored norad-
renerguli reagirebis mqone organizmebi xdebian dominantebi (cxove-
lebSi) da liderebi (adamianebSi). zemoT ukve visaubreT amaze, rom maTi
agresia populaciaSi stabiluri arsebobis pirobebSi – instrumentul
agresiad transformirdeba (me-3 tipis agresia) da aRar aris dakavSire-
buli organizmis metaboluri da bioqimiuri resursebis stresul mobi-
lizaciasTan, an SeiZleba gardaiqmnas siamovnebis miRebasTan dakavSire-
bul agresiad (me-4 tipi). Tumca, populaciis SigniT mudmivi konfronta-
ciis pirobebSi igi SeiZleba arc ganicdides transformacias.
radganac dofamini dakavSirebulia dadebiT ganmtkicebasTan (Nestler
da T.a. 2001; Tilley da T.a. 2007) da amave dros misi done cns-is Sesabamis
struqturebSi korelirebs agresiulobasTan, unda vivaraudoT, rom si-
amovnebis miRebasTan dakavSirebul agresiaSi mZlavria dofaminerguli
komponenti. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom dofamini noradrenalinis
winamorbedia, naTeli gaxdeba, rom noradrenerguli da dofaminerguli
reagireba, genezisis TvalsazrisiT, mWidrod aris erTmaneTTan dakav-
Sirebuli.
rac Seexeba reaqtiuli tipis agresias, igi imdenad universalur fe-
nomens warmoadgens, rom mis agresogenul meqanizmebze saubari Sors
wagviyvans. unda aRvniSnoT, rom mocemuli tipis agresiis gamovlinebis
152
maRali intensivoba Zalian iSviaTad xdeba maRali agresiulobis mizezi.

praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, erTi da imave stimulis wardgenis SemTxve-
vaSi individi, sxva organizmebTan SedarebiT, gamoirCeodes TavdacviTi
agresiis maRali doniT da ar hqondes mas `cduneba~ gadaitanos es Tav-
dasxmiT agresiaSi, anu bunebaSi SeuZlebelia iyo izolirebulad agresi-
uli (saubaria e.w. trait agresiulobaze) mxolod TavdacviTi agresiiT da
ar gaxasiaTebdes TavdasxmiTi agresiis maRali intensivoba.
***
am Tavis bolos gvinda SevniSnoT, rom Cven ar uarvyofT sxva (ara-
monoaminuri warmoSobis) nivTierebebis agresogenul moqmedebas. ubra-
lod vTvliT, rom gamovyaviT agresiis e.w. `Rerovani~ meqanizmi, romel-
ze moqmedebiTac, Cven mier gaanalizebuli monoaminebi cvlian agresiul
qcevas.
153
Tavi 9
agresiuli qceva da sqesobrivi dimorfizmi
cocxali organizmebis evoluciis ganmavlobaSi erT-erT umniSvne-

lovanes aromorfozul cvlilebad sqesobrivi procesis gaCena SeiZ-
leba CavTvaloT. sqesobrivi procesis evoluciam ki, Tavis mxriv, ara-
nakleb mniSvnelovani aromorfozuli Zvra – calsqesiani organizmebis
gaCena gamoiwvia (Геодакян 2005). swored mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqesis
arsebobaa sqesobrivi dimorfizmis (sqesTa Soris morfologiuri, fizi-
ologiuri, bioqimiuri da sxva parametrebis mixedviT arsebuli sxvao-
bis) mizezi. Tanac, sqesobrivi dimorfizmi exeba rogorc uSualod sqes-
damokidebul, ise sqesze damoukidebel niSnebsac.
sqesobrivi dimorfizmi agresiis mixedviTac SeiniSneba. am sakiTxTan
pirveli Sexeba maSin gvqonda, rodesac agresiis biologiur induqto-
rebs vaanalizebdiT. maSin Cven erTi qveTavic ki davuTmeT mamrebis sas-
qeso hormonebis – androgenebis rols agresiis Camoyalibebis procesSi.
mocemul problemasTan meored Sexeba, agresiuli qcevis ganmapirobebe-
li genetikuri faqtorebis ganxilvis dros mogviwia (XYY sindromi da
sxva). amjerad, ufro detalurad visaubroT mocemuli problemis dar-
Cenil aspeqtebze.
cnobilia, rom mamrebi, rogorc wesi ufro agresiulni arian vidre
mdedrebi (Giammanco da T.a. 2005; Геодакян 1989, 2005). es mraval gamokvle-
vaSi iqna naCvenebi. mxolod, ramodenime gamokvlevaSi ver iqna nanaxi sxva-
oba mdedrebisa da mamrebis agresiulobas Soris (Maxson & Canastar 2006),
an mdedrebis agresia ufro maRali iyo vidre mamrebis (Lorenz 1994). Tum-
ca, es gamonaklisi SemTxvevebia. mdedris uaRresad maRali agresiulo-
ba ar miekuTvneba gamonaklisebs mxolod maSin, rodesac mas mcire asakis
Svilebi hyavs. am dros, mdedris mier gamovlenili agresiis intensivoba
xSirad aRemateba kidec mamrisas (cagareli 2004). am agresias mdedrobiT
agresias uwodeben da is erT-erTi yvelaze naklebad Seswavlil, da Tu
SeiZleba iTqvas, idumalebiT mocul agresiis formas warmoadgens. Cven
monografiaSic, misTvis TiTqmis ar moiZebna adgili.
ZuZumwovrebSi da gansakuTrebiT primatebSi, mamrebi prevalireben
mdedrebze ierarqiis mqone struqturebSi (gundi da sxva) dominirebis
mixedviTac (Бендас 2008).
154
saintereso kanonzomierebaa aRmoCenili cxovelTa samyaros mraval

saxeobaSi (nawilobriv, mocemuli kanonzomiereba moqmedebs adamianeb-
Sic): mamrebSi seqsualoba sakmaod kargad ewyoba da korelirebs agre-
siulobasTan, xolo SiSi ki amcirebs mas. mdedrebSi seqsualoba kargad
aris Sewyobili SiSTan, xolo agresiuloba ki amcirebs seqsualobas.
amasTan, mdedrebSi agresiuloba ara marto xels uSlis seqsualobis gan-
viTarebas, aramed, Tavis mxriv, seqsualoba amcirebs agresiulobas (Lo-
renz 1994).
Tuki, cxovelTa samyaroSi agresiis mixedviT sqesobrivi dimorfiz-
mis arseboba ar iwvevs kamaTs, adamianis agresiis SemTxvevaSi es ase cal-
saxa ar aris. Tumca, erTi mxriv, dadgenilia, rom mamakacebi ufro agresi-
ulni arian, vidre qalebi, magram meore mxriv, ufro politikurad anga-
Jirebuli pirebi, vidre mkvlevarebi, kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayeneben sqesTa
fsiqofiziologiuri diferencirebis biologiur (genetikur) xasiaTs
da yvelafers genderuli rolebis TeoriiT xsnian.
am problemaze saubari daviwyoT empiriuli masalis ganxilviT. Tav-
dapirvelad, qalebsa da mamakacebSi agresiul qcevasTan dakavSirebul
emociaTa Taviseburebebze visaubroT.
Tu SeiZleba saerTod saubari `mamakacur~ da `qalur~ emociebze anu
emociebze, romelic ufro mniSvnelovania mocemuli sqesisTvis, maSin,
zogierTi avtoris azriT, mamakacebisTvis aseTad gvevlineba risxva, xo-
lo qalebisTvis ki – SiSi da sevda (Cross & Madson 1997). marTlac, naCve-
nebia, rom risxvis (sibrazis) emocia ufro xSirad aris damaxasiaTebeli
biWebisTvis da mamakacebisTvis, vidre gogonebisa da qalebisTvis (Бендас
2008). Tumca, arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom asakTan erTad es emo-
cia mdedrebSi matulobs ise, rom ufrosi saskolo asakisTvis misi done
gogonebs ufro maRali aqvT (Пономарева 2005). amasTan, sxvadasxva saxis
SiSisa da SfoTis done qalebSi ufro maRalia, vidre mamakacebSi (Feingold
1994; Чикер da T.a. 1998), magram zogierTi literaturuli wyaros mixed-
viT, romelic e. ilins mohyavs (Ильин 2002), qalebs ufro metad SeuZliaT
Tavisi SfoTvis daTrgunva. igive avtori, eyrdnoba ra amjerad ukve so-
lidur literaturul masalas qalebs aZlevs upiratesobas danaSaulis
SegrZnebisa da empaTikurobis doneSi. am emociaTa buneba ki erTgvar re-
cikropul urTierTobaSia agresiul qcevasTan.
axla rac Seexeba uSualod agresiul qcevas. am sakiTxis garSemo dag-
rovili didZali literaturuli masala, aseve adasturebs mamakacis
ufro maRal agresiulobas, agresiis umravlesi formebis SemTxvevaSi.
dadgenilia, rom mamakacebi ufro xSirad mimarTaven fizikur agresias,
vidre qalebi (Constantine da T.a. 1999; Harris 1992). igives aqvs adgili, sko-
lamdeli da adreuli saskolo asakis bavSvebis SemTxvevaSic (Бутовская
155
1997; Савина 2001). agresiisadmi miZRvnil erT-erT statiaSi, agresiis

risk faqtorad – mamrobiTi sqesisadmi kuTvnilebac ki iqna dasaxelebu-
li (Wood & Liossi 2006). im pirTa Soris, romlebic mxilebul iqnen bavSveb-
Tan sastik mopyrobaSi – mamakacTa raodenoba 4-jer Warbobda qalebis
raodenobas (Sedlak 1989). agresiis elementebis Semcveli kompiuteruli
TamaSebi, biWebSi ufro metad zrdian gaRizianebadobasa da verbalur
agresias, vidre imave asakis gogonebSi (Дреева 2000). ubralo saubarSic
ki, mamakacebi ufro met agresiulobas avlenen, gansakuTrebiT es exeba
komunikaciis evoluciurad yvelaze axalgazrda – Jestikulaciur saxes
(Хренников 1997). qcevis darRvevebi bavSvebSi (romelic, ZiriTadad, agre-
siul qcevaSi gamoixateba) biWebSi 3-jer ufro xSirad gvxvdeba, vidre
gogonebSi (Scott 1998). am kanonzomierebas adgili aqvs, imis miuxedavad,
rom sayovelTaod cnobil faqts warmoadgens, sxva adamianebis gavle-
nis qveS gogonebis, biWebTan SedarebiT, ufro advili moqcevis fenomeni
(cit. qurxuli 2006 mixedviT). arada isic cnobilia, rom sxvisi zegavle-
nis qveS moxvedra SeiZleba warmoadgendes danaSaulis Cadenis risk-faq-
tors (Vogel & Motulsky 1990).
sainteresoa, rom danaSaulis arc erT saxeSi ar SeiniSneba iseTi se-
riozuli sqesobrivi dimorfizmi (misi Cadenis sixSiresa da motivebSi),
rogorc albaT, yvelaze agresiul danaSaulSi – mkvlelobaSi (Gunn &
Taylor 1993). kerZod, qalebisa da mamakacebis mier Cadenili mkvlelobebis
sixSireebis Sefardeba dasavleT evropis qveynebSi Seadgens 10:1. Tanac,
mkvlel-qalTa umravlesoba fsiqikurad daavadebulia, xolo msxverpli,
rogorc wesi dakavSirebulia maTTan naTesaobrivi da emociuri kavSire-
biT (Brownstone & Swaminath 1989). es faqti, ufro reliefurad warmoaCens
kacis maRal agresiulobas – mis Tvisebas iyos agresiuli (`normaluri~
fsiqikis matarebelis SemTxvevaSi) da Caidinos Zaladobrivi aqtebi maSi-
nac ki, rodesac misTvis Zvirfass seriozuli araferi emuqreba.
Tumca, agresia sakmaod heterogenuri fenomenia da agresiis zogier-
Ti formis mixedviT qalebi ufro agresiulebi SeiZleba iyvnen. mraval
sxvadasxva kvlevaSi naCvenebia, rom mamrobiTi sqesis pirebi (rogorc bav-
Svebi, aseve mozrdilebi) ufro xSirad mimarTaven pirdapir da irib fizi-
kur agresias, agreTve pirdapir verbalur agresias, xolo qalebi ki irib
verbalur agresias, kerZod – Woraobas (Lagerspetz da T.a. 1988; Ковалев 1996).
rogorc Cans, qalebs ufro metad axasiaTebT verbaluri agresia (Tumca,
`qalur~ da `mamakacur~ verbalur agresias Sorisac arsebobs sakmaod se-
riozuli sxvaoba), xolo kacebs – instrumentuli. Tanac, qalebis agresi-
as xSirad autoagresiis saxe aqvs, xolo kacebisas – heteroagresiis.
zogierTi mkvlevari saerTod uaryofs agresiulobis mixedviT sqe-
sobrivi dimorfizmis arsebobas (ixileT mag., Feingold 1994), rac Cveni az-
riT eqsperimentis Sesrulebisas daSvebuli meTodologiuri Tu sxva
156
saxis Secdomebis brali unda iyos. sainteresoa, agreTve r. beronisa da

d. riCardsonis mier moyvanili monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom sqesTa So-
ris sxvaoba agresiis xarisxSi SeimCneva mxolod maSin, rodesac indivi-
di iZulebulia mimarTos agresias (mag. socialuri rolis Sesasruleb-
lad). magram, Tu agresiuli qcevisken individs araferi ubiZgebs, maSin
dimorfizms adgili ar aqvs (Baron & Richardson 2004). am avtorTa azriT, ma-
makacis momatebuli agresiuloba qalis agresiulobisagan gansxvavebiT,
SeimCneva agresiis provocirebis dros, xolo aseTi provocirebis arar-
sebobisas – sxvaobac ar SeimCneva. Cveni azriT, cota Znelia iZulebuli
(miTumetes, socialuri roliT iZulebuli) da araiZulebuli agresiis
erTmaneTisgan gamoyofa da Sesabamisad, Znelia daveTanxmoT am avtorTa
mocemul Teziss.
saintereso monacemebi arsebobs literaturaSi imis Sesaxeb, rom
agresiulobisa da SfoTis urTierTobis xasiaTi gansxvavebulia mamaka-
cebsa da qalebSi. mamakacebSi, es kavSiri recikropuli xasiaTisaa, xolo
qalebSi ki – pirdapiri (Копейко 2000). rac SesaZlebelia aixsnas imiT, rom
qalebSi agresias ufro damcvelobiTi (am sityvis viwro mniSvnelobiT)
xasiaTi aqvs.
agresiuli qcevis sqesobrivi dimorfizmis problematika mWidro
kavSirSia tkivilis mixedviT genderuli sxvaobis arsebobis sakiTxTan,
radgan tkivili is meqanizmia, romelsac ZaluZs agresiuli qcevis gaSve-
ba. ukanasknel wlebSi Sesrulebul epidemiologiur gamokvlevebSi nana-
xi iqna, rom sxvadasxva daavadebis dros, qalebi ufro xSirad ganicdian
tkivils, ufro xSirad aqvT Civilebi tkivilis gamo, maTTan tkivili uf-
ro xangrZlivia vidre mamakacebSi (Fillingim & Maixner 1995). aRniSnul ka-
nonzomierebas adgili aqvs tkivilis sxvadasxva saxeebis umravlesobaSi
(Голубев da T.a. 2005). mocemuli movlenis CamoyalibebaSi mravali faqto-
ri monawileobs: SesaZlebelia qalebi perceptualurad ufro mgrZnobi-
areni arian vidre mamakacebi da Sesabamisad ufro metad arian mzad fi-
ziologiur signalTa aRmosaCenad (Fillingim & Maixner 1995); mamakacTa da
qalTa diferencirebuli socializaciis gamo didi sxvaoba arsebobs maT
Soris, tkivilis konstataciis mzaobaSi da amaze (eqimisaTvis) angariSis
Cabarebis saqmeSi (LeResche 1995); qalebi da mamakacebi TavianTi socialu-
ri specializaciis gamo irCeven moRvaweobis iseT sferoebs, maT Soris,
profesionaluri moRvaweobis, sadac gansxvavebulia tkivilis ganviTa-
rebis riski. genderul rolebs Soris sxvaobis arsebobas ojaxSi, samsa-
xurSi, saerTod cxovrebis yvela sferoSi – ZaluZs gansxvavebuli tkivi-
lis sindromis Camoyalibeba mamakacebsa da qalebSi (Crook 1993).
bavSvebsa da mozardebSi dominirebis sxvadasxva tipebis (agresiuli,
egoisturi, makiavelisturi da prosocialuri dominireba) gamoyofisa
da identifikaciis Semdeg sqesobrivi dimorfizmis Seswavlam anaxa, rom
157
dominirebis umravlesoba tipebis mixedviT prevalirebdnen mamrobiTi

sqesis pirebi (cit. Бендас 2008 mixedviT).
adamianis SemTxvevaSi, agresiasTan dakavSirebuli sqesobrivi di-
morfizmis CamoyalibebaSi, garda wminda biologiuri determinantebi-
sa didi roli ekuTvniT socialur-kulturul warmodgenebs mamrisa da
mdedris qcevis Sesaxeb, sazogadoebaSi miRebul mosazrebebs feminoba-
sa da maskulinobaze (Nelson & Chiavegatto 2001; Семенюк 2003). ufro metic,
cnobili amerikeli fsiqologi Son berni wers, rom agresiuli qcevis mi-
xedviT sqesobrivi dimorfizmi sulac ar aris ise mWidrod dakavSirebu-
li sqesTa Soris arsebul biologiur sxvaobebTan, rogorc SeiZleba gve-
varauda. misi azriT, marTalia agresiis mixedviT sqesTa Soris sxvaoba
erT-erTi yvelaze sarwmuno sxvaobas warmoadgens, magram am sxvaobis si-
dide mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba sqesTa Soris sxva parametrebis mixedviT
arsebul sxvaobas (Burn 1996). am ukanasknel mosazrebas ver daveTanxme-
biT. miTumetes, rom mocemuli mosazrebis dasadastureblad aRniSnul
avtors mohyavs j.s. haidis (Hyde J.S.) friad saeWvo (Cveni azriT) analizis
Sedegebi, romlis mixedviTac bavSvTa agresiul qcevaSi sqesis (genderis)
roli 2-5%-ia, danarCeni 95-98% ki sxva wyaroebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
rasakvirvelia, Cven viTvaliswinebT imas, rom agresiuli qceva mxolod
fizikuri agresiT ar aris warmodgenili (swored am ukanasknelis mixed-
viT qalsa da mamakacs Soris yvelaze ufro didia sxvaoba), viTvaliswi-
nebT imasac, rom kulturas udidesi roli aqvs agresiuli qcevis Camoya-
libebis saqmeSi, magram bernis zemoaRniSnuli Sefasebebi mainc gadame-
tebulad gveCveneba.
am problemis garSemo monacemTa obieqturi analizi gvaZlevs saSu-
alebas vivaraudoT, rom sazogadoebaSi genderuli rolebis arseboba
marTlac sagrZnoblad zemoqmedebs agresiis doneze mamakacebsa da qa-
lebSi. cnobilia, rom sociumi garkveulwilad miesalmeba mamakacebis
agresiulobas. Tumca, agresiulobis mxardaWeris xarisxi uaRresad
farTod varirebs sxvadasxva eTnikur, religiur jgufebsa da kultu-
rebSi – maRali mxardaWeridan mTel rig tradiciul sazogadoebebSi,
mis sakmaod mcire mxardaWeramde Tanamedrove dasavlur sazogadoeba-
Si. xolo qalebis agresiuloba ki praqtikulad yvelgan da yovelTvis
met-naklebad igmoba. amitom, a) Camoyalibebuli kulturuli normebis
Sesabamisad, garemos fsiqologiuri zewolisa da agreTve, b) Sesabamisi
aRzrdis gamo – mamakacebi avlenen SedarebiT maRal agresias. xolo qa-
lebi ki, amave mizezebis gamo – naklebad agresiul individebad yalib-
debian an/da cdiloben dafaron TavianTi agresia (Salvaggio 1990). aseve,
cnobilia, rom sxvadasxva (praqtikulad yvela) kulturaSi moqmedebs
garkveuli `tabu~ mamakacebis mier zogierTi emociis (mag. SiSis) gamo-
158
xatvaze (Бендас 2008). da saerTod, rac sazogadoebis TvalsazrisiT `mi-

saRebia~ kacisTvis (agresia, mrisxaneba) – SeiZleba amave TvalsazrisiT
miuRebeli iyos qalisTvis da piriqiT, rac misaRebia qalisTvis (tirili,
SiSi, sentimenturoba) – SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos kacisTvis (Ильин 2002).
aqedan SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna, rom genderuli rolebis fenomeni,
marTlac zemoqmedebs da cvlis qalisa da mamakacis bunebriv agresiu-
lobas. Tumca, Cveni azriT, es zemoqmedeba ar aris kritikuli.
kidev erT saintereso Temas warmoadgens Zaladobis roli sqesTa So-
ris urTierTobaSi. Tanamedrove feministuri rogorc popularuli, ise
fsevdosamecniero literatura (vfiqrobT, rom termini `samecniero~
feministur literaturasTan mimarTebaSi ar SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebu-
li) savsea `seqsizmis~ sawinaaRmdego paTetikiT. Tanac, maT mier mocemu-
li termini ganixileba calmxrivad – mamakacis mier qalis èqspluatire-
bisa~ da damcirebis WrilSi.
marTlac, adamianis winapari organizmebi (da aseve Tavad adamia-
ni) biologiuri evoluciis Sedegad ise Camoyalibdnen, rom mamakacebi
qalebze fizikurad ufro Zlierebi arian (Tu ratom – calke Temaa). es
nawilobriv mainc xsnis mamakacebSi arsebul tendencias – problemebis
ZaladobiT gadawyvetisaken (fizikuri agresia, agresiis yvelaze àraci-
vilizebuli~ da Zveli formaa (Куликова da T.a. 2008)). maT Soris, qalebTan
mimarTebaSi arsebuli problemebisac. qalebis fizikuri sisustis gamo
maT mier fizikuri Zaladobis gamoyeneba `sqesTa brZolaSi~ maT damar-
cxebas gamoiwvevda. aqedan gamomdinare, mamakacTa erTgvari gabatone-
buli mdgomareoba mniSvnelovanwilad fizikur parametrebSi sxvaoba-
zea damyarebuli.
Zaladoba agreTve udides rols TamaSobs mamakacis seqsualur cxov-
rebaSic. qalze misi dominireba mamakacis sasqeso organoebis anatomiu-
ri agebulebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. qals faqtobrivad ar ZaluZs ka-
cis gaupatiureba, kacs ki ZaluZs. Tanac, amas qalisTvis uaRresad arasa-
surveli Sedegi – (ucxo) mamakacisagan orsuloba SeiZleba mohyves.
yovelive zemoTqmuli sulac ar gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas, rom
qals ar SeuZlia iZalados mamakacze. marTalia, bunebam SezRuda qalis
fizikuri Zala da seqsualuri Zaladobis SesaZlebloba, magram mas fsi-
qologiuri Zaladobis SesaZlebloba dautova. cnobili Sveicarieli
fsiqoanalitikosi gugenbiul-kreigi Tvlis, rom mamakacebis ricxvi,
romlebic qalebis – colebis, Seyvarebulebis, debis, Svilebis mier ari-
an Seuracxyofilni bevrad ufro metia, vidre im qalTa ricxvi, romle-
bic mamakacebis mxridan fizikuri Zaladobis msxverplni gaxdnen (Gug-
genbuhl-Craig 1997). am mosazrebis dasadastureblad mas Semdegi argumenti
mohyavs: iq sadac fizikur Zalas jer kidev aqvs mniSvnelovani roli, ma-
159
galiTad muSaTa klasSi, mamakacebs TiTqmis ar gaaCniaT SiSi qalebisad-

mi. rac ufro naklebi fasi aqvs garkveul garemoSi uxeS fizikur Zalas,
miT metia mamakacebis SiSi qalebisadmi. saSualo klasis maRali fenebis
mamakacebi xSirad colebis `quslis qveS~ imyofebian. mocemuli avtori
aRniSnavs, rom xSirad, dacinvis an saWiro momentSi amooxrebis gziT uf-
ro metis miRwevaa SesaZlebeli, vidre cema-tyepiT.
religiuri da miTologiuri masalis analizi, romelsac mniSvne-
lovani arqetipuli da simboluri mniSvneloba gaaCnia, gviCvenebs, rom
mdedrobiTi sqesis RmerTebi da miTologiuri personaJebi mamrobiT-
ze naklebad agresiuli rodi arian. berZnul miTologiaSi – amazonkebi,
meduza gorgona, sirinozebi (es ukanasknelni mezRvaurebs klavdnen da
maTi xorciT ikvebebodnen), indurSi – sikvdilis samyaros mflobeli ka-
li (romlis kultis msaxurebma indoeTSi milionobiT adamiani Seiwires
(Myers 2004)), egvipturSi – dedofali ta-urti – erT saxeSi Zu lomi, ni-
angi da qali, omis qalRmerTi xatori, kelturSi – RmerTi morigani, ro-
melic warmodgeba leSismWameli yvavis saxiT, mdedrobiTi sqesis sxva mi-
Tologiuri personaJebi uaRresi agresiulobiTa da `sisxlismsmelobiT~
gamoirCeodnen (Зеленский 2000). naxevrad xumrobiT SevniSnavT, rom miTo-
logiaSi arsebuli es tendencia, SesaZlebelia qalis unariT – iyos fsi-
qologiuri moZalade, aris ganpirobebuli. Tu ramdenad didia xumrobiT
naTqvami es `naxevari~, amis gansja Tavad mkiTxvelisTvis migvindia.
aris Tu ara qali mamakacze naklebad agresiuli biologiuri faq-
torebis moqmedebis Tu genderuli rolis gamo, dResac rCeba samecnie-
ro analizisa da zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki – diskusiis mizezi. Tumca Cven
vfiqrobT, rom am kiTxvaze calsaxa pasuxi mraval gamokvlevaSi iqna na-
povni. magaliTisTvis eleonor makobisa da kerol Jaklinis (Segnebulad
mdedrobiTi sqesis mkvlevarebi SevarCieT) mimoxilvis moyvana SeiZleba.
maT Camoayalibes sqesTa gansxvavebis 4 piroba (cit. cagarelis (2004) mi-
xedviT):
o CvenTvis cnobil yvela sazogadoebaSi mamakacebi yovelTvis ufro
agresiulebi iyvnen da arian;
o adamianebSi sqesobrivi dimorfizmi agresiis mixedviT Tavs iCens bav-
Svobis adreul periodSi, manamade, sanam amoqmeddeba socialuri
faqtorebi;
o adamianebsa da adamianis magvar maimunebSi SeiniSneba agresiis mixed-
viT msgavsi sqesobrivi dimorfizmi;
o agresia stimulirdeba mamakacis sasqeso hormonis moqmedebiT.
vfiqrobT, rom am monacemebma yovelgvari eWvebi gafanta imasTan da-
kavSirebiT, aris Tu ara qali mamakacze naklebad agresiuli biologiuri
faqtorebis moqmedebis Tu genderuli rolis gamo.
160
Tavi 10
agresiuli qcevis motoruli korelatebi
uaRresad saintereso da mniSvnelovania agresiuli qcevisa da loko-

motoruli aqtivobis urTierTdamokidebulebis garkveva. literatura-
Si sakmaod bevri masala moipoveba mocemul sakiTxze.
sanam uSualod mocemul literaturaze gadavidodeT, zogierT me-
Todologiur momentze SevaCerebT yuradRebas.
saqme isaa, rom raime or movlenas Soris arsebuli kavSiris damadas-
turebeli faqtebi SesaZlebelia gamoyvanili iqnas sxva movlenaTa Soris
kavSiridanac. mag., agresiasa da lokomocias Soris garkveuli SeuRlebis
arsebobis dadastureba SesaZlebelia, garda pirdapiri eqsperimente-
bisa, aseve agresiasa da neirotransmiterebs Soris kavSiridanac, Tuki
sarwmunoa am ukanasknelsa da lokomotorul aqtivobas Soris kavSiris
arseboba. aseTi saxis argumentebi, rasakvirvelia arapirdapir xasiaTs
atareben, magram xSirad swored maTi wyalobiT xerxdeba WeSmaritebis
dadgena. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven didi yuradReba davuTmeT mocemuli
samkuTxedis Semadgeneli komponentebis (agresia, lokomocia, neirot-
ransmiterebi) urTierTkavSiris analizs da Cven mier eqsperimentSi mi-
Rebuli monacemebi SevufardeT literaturaSi arsebuls. sakuTari da
literaturuli monacemebi calsaxad miuTiTeben imaze, rom hormonul-
neiromediatoruli faqtorebi ZiriTadad, erTi mimarTulebiT zemoqme-
deben da cvlian rogorc agresiis dones, aseve lokomotorul aqtivoba-
sac.
dadgenilia, rom agresiuli cxovelebi (ZiriTadad, saubaria
mRrRnelebze) gamoirCevian SedarebiT maRali moZraobiTi aqtivobiT
(Милейковский, Веревкина 1990). igive iqna nanaxi Zlieri nervuli sistemis
mqone cxovelebSic (Ливанова, Айрапетянц 1993). im xazis virTagvebi, rom-
lebic ucxo garemoSi SiSis dabali doniT xasiaTdebodnen, gamoirCeod-
nen maRali moZraobiTi aqtivobiT (Жуков 1996).
agresiuli Tagvebi, romlebsac agonistur SetakebebSi gamarjvebis
didi gamocdileba gaaCniaT, bevrad ufro susti katatoniuri reaqcie-
biT xasiaTdebian, vidre damorCilebuli Tagvebi (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989),
161
Tanac zoosocialuri statusis Secvla submisiurobis mxares aZlie-
rebda cxovelebSi katatoniur reaqciebs, xolo agresiulobis zrda ki
asustebda mas. aseve, literaturuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, submisiuri
cxovelebi gamoirCevian dabali lokomotoruli aqtivobiT (Кудрявцева
da T.a. 1989; Кудрявцева da T.a. 1997; Щербатых, Ивлева 1998; Щербатых 1999а;
Harper da T.a. 1996), Tumca arseboben gamokvlevebi, sadac agresiasa da
lokomocias Soris aseTi kavSiris arseboba ver iqna dadgenili (Калуев,
Нуца 1998; Петров da T.a. 1998).
vfiqrobT, rom Cven mier eqsperimentulad miRebuli monacemebi na-
Tels hfenen am winaaRmdegobas. mocemuli problemis gadaWrisaTvis
aucilebeli amosavali wertilia agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjveba-da-
marcxebis mixedviT cxovelTa Cveneuli klasifikacia: I jgufSi is cxo-
velebi SeviyvaneT, romlebmac yvela SetakebaSi gaimarjves (àbsolu-
turi~ dominantebi), II jgufSi ki isini vinc yvela SetakebaSi damarcxda
(submisiuri cxovelebi), xolo III jgufSi ki isini, romlebic zogjer mar-
cxdebodnen, zogjer ki – imarjvebdnen (e.w. `gardamavali~ jgufi). maTma
testirebam `moZraobiTi aqtivobis borbalSi~ agonisturi Setakebebis
dawyebamde (anu manam, sanam gairkveoda maTi agresiulobis xarisxi) ana-
xa, rom moZraobis saerTo droisa da saSualo siCqaris mixedviT SeiniS-
neboda sarwmuno gansxvaveba dominantebsa da submisiur cxovelebs So-
ris: (momavali) dominantebis moZraobis dro da saSualo siCqare mniSvne-
lovnad meti iyo vidre (momavali) submisiuri cxovelebis (suraTi 10.1
sur. 10.1. àqtivobis borbalSi~ moZraobis saerTo drois (wm) cvlilebebi

dominanti (I), submisiuri (II) da gardamavali (III) jgufis TagvebSi
gansxvaveba I da II Soris yvela wertilSi sarwmunoa (p<0,05);
gansxvaveba I da III, agreTve II da III Soris sarwmunoa T1-dan da T3-is CaTvliT (p<0,05);
gansxvaveba II jgufis SigniT (T0-T1, T0-T2, T0-T3 , T1-T3) da III jgufis SigniT
(T0-T1 da T0-T2) sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
162
Tavi 10. agresiuli qcevis motoruli korelatebi
da 10.2). maSin roca amave parametrebis mixedviT I da III jgufebs Soris

gansxvaveba sarwmuno ar iyo. unda aRiniSnos, rom cxovelTa lokomoto-
ruli aqtivobis dadgena agonistur Setakebamde Zalze informatiulia,
radgan gamoricxavs Tavad agonisturi Setakebis – am umZlavresi stre-
soris zemoqmedebas lokomotorul aqtivobaze. amave dros, T1-is, T2-sa
da T3-is Semdeg SeiniSneboda sarwmuno gansxvaveba submisiuri cxovele-
bisa da `gardamavali~ jgufis warmomadgenlebis moZraobiT aqtivobas
Soris. am ukanasknelebSi, aRniSnuli maxasiaTebeli sarwmunod Warbob-
da submisiuri organizmebis monacemebs (Tumca agonistur Setakebamde
am parametris testirebisas, mocemuli gansxvaveba arasarwmuno iyo). Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT im momentsac, rom literaturaSi xSirad calsaxad ar
aris ganmartebuli Tu ras gulisxmoben terminSi – submisiuri cxoveli
da xSirad masSi im cxovelebs gulisxmoben, romlebic SetakebaSi erTxel
mainc damarcxebulan (saubaria im kvlevebze, sadac cxovelTa popula-
ciuri struqturis analiziT ki ar isazRvreba maTi statusi, aramed mxo-
lod da mxolod wyvilSi agonisturi Setakebis Sedegad). gamomdinare
aqedan gasagebi xdeba, Tu rogori genezisi gaaCnia damorCilebul cxo-
velTa maRali lokomotoruli aqtivobis Sesaxeb literaturaSi aqa-iq
arsebul monacemebs – rogorc Cans, damorCilebul cxovelTa jgufSi,
sur. 10.2. àqtivobis borbalSi~ moZraobis saerTo drois (sm/wm) cvlilebebi

dominanti (I), submisiuri (II) da gardamavali (III) jgufis TagvebSi
gansxvaveba I da II Soris yvela wertilSi sarwmunoa (p<0,05);
gansxvaveba I da III Soris sarwmunoa T1-dan da T3-is CaTvliT (p<0,05);
gansxvaveba II da III Soris sarwmunoa T3-Si (p<0,05);
gansxvaveba II jgufis SigniT (T0-T1, T0-T2, T0-T3, T1-T3) da III jgufis
SigniT (T0-T1 ) Soris sarwmunoa (p<0,05)
163
araswori meTodologiuri midgomis Sedegad xvdebian sruliad gansxva-

vebuli parametrebis mqone organizmebi.
Cven kvlevebSi aseTad (vinc erTxel mainc damarcxebula) II da III
jgufSi gaerTianebuli organizmebi miviCnieT. arada, rogorc vxedavT,
isini mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan lokomotoruli aq-
tivobiT. gvaqvs ufleba vamtkicoT, rom mxolod da mxolod is organiz-
mebi, romlebic permanentulad damarcxebulebi gamodian agonisturi
Setakebidan, warmoadgenen dabali lokomotoruli aqtivobis mqone or-
ganizmebs. Tanac, rac mTavaria da calsaxad iqna naCvenebi Cvens eqsperi-
mentebSi, isini – Tavidanve dabali sawyisi moZraobiTi aqtivobiT gamo-
irCevian (maTsa da dominantebis moZraobiT aqtivobas Soris gansxvaveba
sarwmuno iyo yvela testSi – dawyebuli e.w. T0-dan).
aseve calsaxaa, rom maRalagresiul organizmebs – maRali sawyisi
moZraobiTi aqtivoba gaaCniaT. esec, Cven mier uSualod iqna nanaxi cxo-
velTa testirebisas. aqedan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom literaturaSi
arsebuli axsna maRalagresiulobisa da maRali lokomotoruli aqti-
vobis aseTi SeuRlebisa, marto imiT, rom individis maRali moZraobiTi
aqtivoba iwvevs sxva cxovelebTan mis xSir Sexvedras, ris gamoc Setake-
baTa ricxvi (da maSasadame agresiulobac) izrdeba (Кудрявцева, Ситников
1986) – ar migvaCnia gamarTlebulad. dominanti cxovelebi maRal loko-
motorul aqtivobas avlenen agonistur Setakebamdec da rac mTavaria
im garemoSic, romelic agresiulobis provocirebas ar iwvevs (kerZod,
moZraobiTi aqtivobis borbalSi).
miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, vTvliT, rom lokomociis Semcirebis saq-
meSi didi roli uWiravs agonistur SetakebaSi damarcxebas da amas adgili
aqvs imis miuxedavad, rom submisiuri cxovelebi (am terminis im gagebiT,
romelsac Cven viyenebT) isedac dabali lokomociiT gamoirCevian. lite-
raturaSi sakmaodaa masala imis Sesaxeb, rom agresiis msxverpls umcir-
deba moZraobiTi da kvleviTi aqtivoba (Бородин da T.a. 2001; Волчегорский
da T.a. 2002; Петрова da T.a. 1992; Harper da T.a. 1996). ufro metic – katato-
nias submisiuri qcevis komponentadac ki Tvlian (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989).
amaze metyvelebs Cveni monacemebic. pirveli agonisturi Setakebis Sem-
deg, submisiur cxovelebSi, adgili hqonda moZraobis saerTo drois Sem-
cirebas sawyis donesTan SedarebiT. cxovelTa am jgufSi es parametri
T0-Tan SedarebiT, sarwmunod mcirdeboda ara marto T1-s, aramed T2-sa da
T3-is Semdeg. ufro metic, T3-is Semdeg igi sarwmunod ufro dabali iyo
vidre T1-s Semdeg. analogiuri dinamikiT xasiaTdeboda moZraobis saSu-
alo siCqarec.
msgavs kanonzomierebas hqonda adgili `gardamaval~ cxovelTa
jgufSic. kerZod, moZraobis saSualo siCqare T1, T2 da T3 testebis Semdeg,
164
xolo moZraobis saerTo dro – T1 da T2 testis Semdgom sarwmunod ufro

dabali iyo, vidre T0-Si (anu agonisturi Setakebebis dawyebamde).
ufro detalurad rom gamogvekvlia agonistur SetakebaSi damarcxe-
bis fenomeni, àbsoluturi~ dominantebis monacemebi SevadareT `gar-
damavali~ jgufis im wevrebis monacemebs, romlebic mocemul testSi
damarcxdnen. aseT nabijze wasvla gvibiZga Semdegma momentma: III jgu-
fis wevrTa mxolod nawili marcxdeboda mocemul, konkretul testSi,
meore nawili imarjvebda. am ukanasknelTa (meore nawilis) parametrebis
Sedareba àbsolutur~ dominantebTan, rasakvirvelia aramarTlzomi-
eri iqneboda. amitomac, `gardamavalTa~ jgufSi gamovyaviT mocemul,
konkretul agonistur SetakebaSi damarcxebuli cxovelebi da mxolod
isini SevadareT àbsolutur~ dominantebs. aRmoCnda, rom ukve pirve-
li testis Semdeg SeiniSneboda am jgufebs Soris sarwmuno gansxvaveba
rogorc moZraobis saerTo drois, ise moZraobis saSualo siCqaris mi-
xedviT (suraTi 10.3 da 10.4). aseTi rezultati narCundeboda T2-isa da
T3-is Semdegac. sainteresoa, rom igive cxovelebis monacemebis Sedare-
ba àbsoluturi~ dominantebis monacemebTan – agonisturi Setakebebis
dawyebamde (e.w. T0), yvela SemTxvevaSi gvaZlevda arasarwmuno rezul-
tats, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom Setakebamde maTi motoruli aqtivoba ar
sur. 10.3. Tagvebis moZraobis saerTo dro àqtivobis borbalSi~

testirebisas (wm-Si): àbsoluturi~ dominantebisa da III jgufis
SetakebaSi damarcxebuli wevrebis monacemebis Sedareba.
sxvaoba dominantebsa da III jgufis damarcxebul wevrebs
Soris T1, T2 da T3-Si sarwmunoa (p<0,05);
165
sur. 10.4. Tagvebis moZraobis saSualo siCqare (sm/wm-Si) àqtivobis

borbalSi~ testirebisas: àbsoluturi~ dominantebisa da III jgufis
SetakebaSi damarcxebuli wevrebis monacemebis Sedareba.
sxvaoba dominantebsa da III jgufis damarcxebul wevrebs
Soris T1, T2 da T3-Si sarwmunoa (p<0,05);
gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan. maSasadame, III jgufSi lokomotoruli

aqtivobis mkveTri Semcirebis mizezs agonistur SetakebaSi damarcxeba
warmoadgens. amaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom II jgufisagan (submisiuri
organizmebis) gansxvavebiT, III jgufis damarcxebul wevrebSi moZraobi-
Ti aqtivobis arc erTi bazisuri (T0) maxasiaTebeli dominantebze dabali
ar yofila.
zemoT moyvanili literaturuli da sakuTari monacemebis analizis
Sedegad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom agonistur SetakebaSi damarcxebul
cxovelebSi lokomotoruli aqtivobis Semcirebas ori meqanizmi gaaC-
nia: pirveli maTgani gxvdeba mxolod submisiur organizmebSi, dakavSi-
rebulia Tavad dabalagresiulobis fenomenTan da vlindeba agonistur
SetakebaSi damarcxebamde. meore meqanizmi ki universaluria da viTar-
deba agonistur konfliqtSi damarcxebis da mZlavri uaryofiTi emoci-
uri stresis zemoqmedebis Sedegad.
meore mniSvnelovani momenti, razec Cveni eqsperimentebi da litera-
turuli masala miuTiTebs – agresiasa da lokomocias Soris SeuRlebis
arseboba warmoadgens. literaturul wyaroebSi isic ki aris aRniSnuli,
rom moZraobiTi aqtivobisa da agresiuli qcevis dRe-Ramuri riTmebi
TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva erTmaneTs (Кубынин 1988).
166
Tuki, ase Tu ise naTelia agonistur konfliqtSi damarcxebul in-

dividebSi lokomotoruli aqtivobis Semcirebis mizezebi, mainc gaur-
kveveli rCeba dominant individebSi maRali motoruli aqtivobis ganma-
pirobebeli meqanizmebi. mocemuli amocanis gadasawyvetad Cven Semde-
gi meTodologiuri midgoma gamoviyeneT. saqme isaa, rom sxva cxovelze
Tavdasxma ara marto agresiuli qcevis gamovlenas warmoadgens, aramed
amavdroulad – motoruli aqticaa. Sesabamisad, Tavdasxmis latenturi
drois dabali da Tavdasxmis saerTo drois maRali maxasiaTeblebi, gar-
kveuli TvalsazrisiT, arapirdapir, magram mainc, SeiZleba metyveleb-
dnen cxovelTa maRal saerTo motorul aqtivobaze. gamomdinare aqedan,
SeiZleboda gvefiqra, rom maRalagresiuli individebi (Cvens SemTxve-
vaSi – àbsoluturi~ dominantebi) agresiuli qcevisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli Tavdasxmis latenturi da sumaruli drois zemoT moyvanili Ta-
viseburebebiT imitom xasiaTdebian, rom maT momatebuli motoruli aq-
tivoba gaaCniaT. miTumetes, rom literaturaSi pirdapir aris miTiTeba
momatebuli moZraobiTi aqtivobis rolze agresiis induqciis saqmeSi
(Кудрявцева, Ситников 1986). sakiTxisadmi am midgomis logikas mivyavarT im
azramde, rom agresiuli qceva meoradia da maRali motoruli aqtivobi-
Taa ganpirobebuli.
Cven mier miRebuli masalis analizma gviCvena (ix. suraTi 3.2.1 da 3.2.3),
rom Tavdasxmis latenturi dro àbsolutur~ dominantebs, III jgufis im
warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT, romlebmac mocemul konkretul Setake-
baSi gaimarjves, yvela testSi sarwmunod mcire hqondaT, Tavdasxmis su-
maruli dro ki – meti (Tumca, es ukanaskneli sarwmuno iyo mxolod T2 da
T3-Si). es niSnavs, rom dominantebi Tavidanve gansxvavdebodnen yvela sxva
cxovelisagan momatebuli agresiulobiT. amave dros, mocemuli domi-
nantebi fonuri (agonistur konfliqtamde) motoruli aqtivobiT, sar-
wmunod ar gansxvavdebodnen III jgufSi dafiqsirebuli rezultatisagan.
maSasadame, am faqtebidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom
calkeul individTa momatebuli agresiuloba (Sefasebuli Tavdasxmis
latenturi da sumaruli drois mixedviT) da saerTod, sxva individze
xSiri da intensiuri Tavdasxma, rogorc motoruli aqti, ar warmoadgens
saerTo motoruli aqtivobis zrdis pirdapir da uSualo Sedegs.
amave dros, Cvens eqsperimentebSi (iseve, rogorc literaturaSi)
dadgenili iqna àbsoluturi~ dominantebis sarwmunod maRali motoru-
li aqtivoba submisiur individebTan SedarebiT (Sefasebuli – àqtivo-
bis borbalSi~ moZraobis saerTo droisa da saSualo siCqaris mixedviT),
rac calsaxad miuTiTebs dadebiTi korelaciuri kavSiris arsebobaze
agresiulobasa da motorul aqtivobas Soris.
vfiqrobT, rom mocemuli faqtebi a) agresia ar aris maRali motoru-
li aqtivobis uSualo Sedegi da b) maRal agresiulobasa da maRal moto-
167
rul aqtivobas Soris arsebobs dadebiTi korelacia ar ewinaaRmdegeba

erTmaneTs. ufro metic, maTi Sejereba gvaZlevs saSualebas davaskvnaT,
rom maRalagresiul individebSi momatebuli fonuri motoruli aqti-
voba, Tavdasxmis latenturi drois dabali da sumaruli drois maRali
maxasiaTeblebi agonisturi Setakebisas, Sedegia homologiuri (Tu SeiZ-
leba aq am terminis xmareba) meqanizmebis arsebobisa, motivaciur done-
ze mainc. Tumca TiToeuli maTganis kavSiri am meqanizmebTan sxvadasxva
Zalisaa.
Tuki sakuTari da literaturuli wyaroebis mixedviT, calsaxaa kav-
Siri (dadebiTi korelaciis saxiT) agresiul qcevasa da lokomotorul
aqtivobas, aseve garkveul neirotransmiterebsa da agresiul qcevas So-
ris, logikuria gvefiqra, rom mocemuli neirotransmiterebis koncen-
tracia korelirebs lokomotorul aqtivobasTanac. miTumetes, rom di-
di xania dadgenilia noradrenalinisa da sxva kateqolaminebis lokomo-
ciaze mastimulirebeli efeqti (Исмайлова 1992; Кулагин, Болондинский 1986;
Морозов da T.a. 1983; Netter 1993).
hiperaqtiurobiTa da yuradRebis deficitis sindromiT (Attention De-
ficit Hyperactivity Disorder-ADHD) daavadebul bavSvebSi, romelTac aReniSne-
baT moZraobiTi Seukavebloba, negativizmi, SfoTva, momatebuli agzne-
badoba da impulsuroba, agresiuloba (American Psychiatric Association 1994),
adgili aqvs kateqolaminTa cvlis moSlas, maT sisxlSi noradrenalinisa
da adrenalinis maRal bazalur dones (Касатикова da T.a. 2000). sxva kvle-
vebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom is nivTierebebi, romlebic aZlierebdnen agre-
siul qcevas, umravles SemTxvevaSi zrdidnen lokomotorul aqtivoba-
sac (Вальдман, Пошивалов 1984; Липина da T.a. 1998).
piriqiT, serotoninisa da sxva trofotrofuli rigis nivTierebebis
moqmedebis Sedegad, cxovelebSi adgili hqonda katatoniisa da imobili-
zaciis sxvadasxva formebis ganviTarebas (e.w. damcvelobiTi imobili-
zacia, `cxovelTa hipnozi~, `moCvenebiTi sikvdili~ da sxva) (Краснорепов,
Панченко 1991; Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989; Середенин da T.a. 2001; Серова da T.a.
1990), zamTris Zilsa da hipobiozs (Кулинский, Ольховский 1992). amave dros,
analogiuri efeqti hqonda adamianTa Tavis tvinSi noradrenalinisa da
dofaminis koncentraciis dacemas, romelic korelirebs fsiqikuri
gaSeSebis fenomenTan (Медынская 2000). am SemTxvevaSic is nivTierebebi,
romlebic aqveiTebdnen cxovelTa agresiulobas, xSirad amcirebdnen
cxovelTa lokomociasac (Вальдман, Пошивалов 1984). Tumca, zogierTi
trofotrofuli rigis nivTiereba, mastimulireblad moqmedebs moto-
rul aqtivobaze. magram am SemTxvevaSi es ar aris mniSvnelovani. mTavari
isaa, rom nivTierebebi, romlebic aZliereben agresias – amavdroulad
zrdian motorul aqtivobasac.
168
Tavi 11
agresiuli qcevis kognituri korelatebi
agresiuli qcevis procesSi kognituri procesebis roli umniSvne-

lovanesia. amis mizezia ara marto is, rom mxolod yvelaze primitiul
cxovelTa qcevis organizaciaSi am meqanizmebs ar ukaviaT wamyvani roli
(es xom isedac naTelia), aramed upirveles yovlisa is, rom Tavad agre-
siulobis Tvisebis Camoyalibeba bazirebulia percepciuli da azrov-
nebiTi procesebis iseT organizaciaze, romelic gamoixateba agresiis
gamomwvev signalTa didi raodenobis arsebobaSi da mravali situaciis
interpretaciaSi, rogorc mocemuli organizmisaTvis saSiSi (Baron &
Richardson, 2004; Berkowitz 2002). amitom, pirobiTad neitraluri signale-
bic, agresiuli organizmis mier xSirad aRiqmebian, rogorc muqaris Sem-
qmneli.
naTelia, rom azrovnebis procesis roli agresiis ganviTarebaSi Za-
lian didia. Tanac, zogjer azrovnebiTi procesis garkveul organiza-
cias ZaluZs agresiuli pirovnebis Camoyalibeba wina TavebSi aRwerili
biologiuri induqtorebis cvlilebis gareSec. Tumca, umravles Sem-
TxvevaSi, kognituri procesebi zemoqmedeben da cvlian individis nev-
rologiuri procesebis mimdinareobas da piriqiT (Diamond 2002; Lee & Ho-
aken 2007).
sakmaod sainteresoa gamokvlevebi, sadac Sefasebuli iqna kavSiri
gonebriv ganviTarebasa da agresiulobas Soris (samwuxarod, zogjer es
statiebi statistikuri analizis gareSea moyvanili, rac albaT, udides
nonsenss warmoadgens). gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa skolamdel bavSveb-
ze Sesrulebuli gamokvlevebi. saqme isaa, rom am asakSi ama Tu im qcevis
formirebaSi monawile genetikuri komponenta bevrad ufro metia, vidre
skolaSi Sesvlis pirvel wels (Малых 2004). qcevis formirebis proces-
ze garemo faqtorebis roli skolaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, rom marTlac iz-
rdeba, es kargad iqna naCvenebi niderlandur SerCeviTobaze Catarebul
gamokvlevaSi. kerZod, nanaxi iqna, rom niderlandebSi, danarCen msofli-
oSi Catarebuli analogiuri gamokvlevebis didi nawilisagan gansxvave-
169
biT, genetikuri komponentis roli qcevaSi mcirdeboda ara ≈ 6-7 wlis

asakis bavSvebSi, aramed 5 wlisebSi (Boomsma & van Baal 1998). cnobilia,
rom swored am asakSi SehyavT niderlandebSi bavSvebi skolaSi.
yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze naTelia, rom skolamdel bav-
SvTa agresiulobis Seswavla ukeT gamoavlenda agresiulobis genetiku-
ri komponentis damokidebulebas kognitur funqciebze.
kerZod, am tipis gamokvlevaSi nanaxi iqna, rom araagresiul bavSveb-
Si gonebrivi ganviTarebis done ufro maRali iyo vidre agresiulebSi
(Колосова 2006). msgavsi Sedegebi iqna miRebuli mraval sxva gamokvleva-
Sic. magaliTad, samxedro kursantebSic dafiqsirda, rom mtruloba
uaryofiTad korelirebda inteleqtTan (Васильева, Радишевская 2005).
Tumca, Tu davubrundebiT skolamdel bavSvebSi agresiulobis Sesa-
xeb statias vnaxavT, rom agresiul individTa Soris bevri iyo fizikuri
defeqtebis, sxvadasxva organuli dazianebebisa da daavadebebis mqone
bavSvebi (unda vifiqroT, rom es dazianebebi ar iyo mZime) (Колосова 2006).
am bavSvebSi agresiuloba maTi defeqtebis erTgvar kompensacias war-
moadgenda (am problemas Cven SevexeT, rodesac agresiis fsiqologiur
adaptaciur funqciaze vsaubrobdiT). am faqtebis analizis Sedegad Seg-
viZlia gamovTqvaT varaudi, rom garkveuli inteleqtualuri defici-
ti (rasakvirvelia, klinikuri xasiaTis darRvevebze ar gvaqvs saubari),
romelic nanaxi iqna agresiul bavSvTa nawilSi, agresiis genezisSi mona-
wileobs ara marto maT qcevaze gonebrivi kontrolis Semcirebis gziT,
aramed imiTac, rom aseTi bavSvebi swored agresiuli qceviT cdiloben
aRniSnuli deficitis kompensirebas.
kognituri procesebis funqcionireba pirdapir kavSirSia agresiis
xasiaTTan. es kanonzomiereba, gansakuTrebiT naTlad, adamianis qcevis
SemTxvevaSi SeiniSneba. rogorc monografiis pirvel TavebSi iqna aRniS-
nuli, emociuri agresia kognituri procesebis minimalur monawileobas
gulisxmobs. ufro metic, am tipis emociebi xSirad araracionalur saq-
ciels `Caadenineben~ individs, rac saboloo jamSi xSirad, amcirebs or-
ganizmis adaptacias. instrumentuli agresiis SemTxvevaSi ki kognituri
komponenti win aris wamoweuli. rogorc avtorebi SeniSnaven, es agresia
`kogniturad gaazrebulia~ (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2004). adamianebi gegmaven da
fiqroben agresiul da Zaladobriv qmedebaze, raTa miaRwion garkveul
mizans.
aseve cnobilia, rom individebs romlebic impulsuri agresiis maRa-
li doniT xasiaTdebian, aReniSnebaT metyvelebisa da inteleqtis ufro
dabali ganviTareba, vidre instrumentuli agresiis maRali donis mqone
pirebs (Barratt da T.a 1997b; Stanford da T.a. 2003a). vfiqrobT, rom es gamow-
170
Tavi 11. agresiuli qcevis kognituri korelatebi
veulia ara marto imiT, rom inteleqtis sirTule korelirebs sakuTari

emociebis karg kontrolTan, aramed im momentebiT, romlebic agresiu-
li qcevis klasifikaciisadmi miZRvnil TavSi ganvixileT. kerZod, sau-
baria instrumentuli agresiis fenomenze, romelic xSirad (Tumca, ara
yovelTvis!) dominirebisa da liderobis, rogorc movlenis funqcias
warmoadgens. Tanac, liderad gaxdomis albaToba, sazogadoebaTa umrav-
lesobaSi, dadebiTad korelirebs individis kognitur funqciebTan.
Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom kavSiri individis kognitur maxasiaTeb-
lebsa da agresiis xarisxs Soris ar aris iseTive mtkice, rogorc kavSiri
agresiulobasa da pirovnebis xasiaTis Taviseburebebs Soris.
171
Tavi 12
agresiuli qceva da stresze reagirebis triaduli modeli
mocemul TavSi Cven SevecdebiT literaturaSi arsebuli da sakuTa-

ri masalis analizis Sedegad stresze organizmebis reagirebis axali mo-
delis mowodebas.
raSi mdgomareobs wina TavebSi aRniSnuli neirotransmiterebis ze-
gavleniT, lokomotoruli aqtivobisa da agresiuli qcevis erTmimar-
Tulebrivi cvlilebis biologiuri arsi? ra meqanizmebi apirobeben am
ori, sruliad gansxvavebuli movlenis (agresiisa da lokomociis) er-
Tgvar SeuRlebas?
aq aucilebelia, erTi meTodologiuri xasiaTis gadaxvevis gakeTeba.
im neirotransmiterebisa Tu hormonebis garkveva, romlebic agresi-
ul qcevas apirobeben, amocanis mxolod erTi nawilia. miTumetes Tu ga-
viTvaliswinebT aseT nivTierebaTa sakmaod grZel sias. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, am siaSi uamravi nivTiereba Sedis, maT Soris, mikroelemente-
bic ki (Henrotte da T.a. 1997).
amitom Cven mier amocanis dasmisas, marto erTi gziT ar wavsulvarT,
anu ubralod agresiuli qcevis induqtors ki ar veZebdiT, aramed Seve-
cadeT im mdgomareobebis dros, rodesac agresia – adaptaciuri movle-
naa, gamoyofili nivTierebebis speqtridan, gvepova is ingredienti, ro-
melic iwvevda agresiul qcevas. Tanac, rac mTavaria, am nivTierebis moq-
medebiT unda gamovleniliyo agresiuli qcevisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
da aucilebeli yvela korelati – emociuri, vegetatiuri, lokomoto-
ruli. mocemuli nivTiereba aseve wamyvani unda yofiliyo dominanturi
qcevis realizaciaSic. es gza ufro logikuri da produqtiulia. miTu-
metes, rom aseTi midgomis gamoyenebiT agresiis neiromediatoruli da
hormonuli meqanizmebi aravis Seuswavlia.
rogorc aseve aRvniSneT – agresiis kvlevisas adaptaciaze yuradRe-
bis gamaxvileba, ar warmoadgens Cvens axirebas. evoluciurad, nebismieri
qcevis funqciis arsi – organizmis maqsimalur adaptacias warmoadgens.
es ukanaskneli ki mis gadarCenasTanac aris dakavSirebuli da STamomav-
lobis datovebasTanac.
172
Tavi 12. agresiuli qceva da stresze reagirebis triaduli modeli
miRebuli rezultatebis interpretaciaSi, da saerTod ama Tu im

movlenis gansazRvris saqmeSi, adaptaciis wamyvan rolze zemoT ukve iyo
saubari. aq araferia gasakviri. agresiul qcevasTan, rogorc adaptaciu-
ri fenomenis nawilTan dakavSirebuli sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli mo-
sazrebis garda arsebobs ufro zogadi xasiaTis mosazrebebic. rogorc
literaturidanaa cnobili: erTaderTi safuZveli iseTi samecniero
koncefciebisa da Teoriebis konstruirebisaTvis, romlebSic adamia-
nis (da saerTod cocxali organizmebis) ama Tu im saqmianobisa da qcevis
principebi ganixileba (Cvens SemTxvevaSi – agresiuli qcevis), SeiZleba
iyos mxolod da mxolod misi ganviTarebis Teoria, Tavis aucilebel na-
wilTan – adaptaciis TeoriasTan erTad (Павлов da T.a. 2001). nik tinber-
genis azriT, nebismieri biologiuri fenomenis analizi iqneba arasrul-
yofili Tuki ar iqna gacemuli pasuxi oTx umniSvnelovanes kiTxvaze: am
fenomenis meqanizmebze, ontogenezze, adaptaciur rolsa da evoluci-
ur istoriaze (Tinbergen 1993). rogorc vxedavT, adaptaciis centralur
punqtad gamoyvana marTlac ar aris marto Cveni axireba.
mdgomareoba, romlis drosac agresiul qcevas adaptaciuri fun-
qcia SeiZleba gaaCndes – emociuri stresia. rogorc cnobilia, agre-
siuli qceva, umravles SemTxvevaSi, ar warmoadgens spontanur, Tavis-
Tavad aqts – igi konkretuli mizezebiTaa gamowveuli. aseT mizezad
frustracia SeiZleba iyos. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, samecniero wreebSi
sakmao gavrceleba aqvs dolardis `frustracia-agresiis~ Teorias (Ba-
ron & Richardson, 2004). mocemuli Teoriis garda, rozencvaigis mier mo-
cemuli frustraciis gamomwvevi mizezebis da pirobebis klasifikaciis
gamoyenebac SeiZleba. misi azriT, frustraciis ganviTarebis meqaniz-
mSi sami momenti monawileobs – gasaWiri (privation), danaklisi (deprivation)
da konfliqti. gasagebia, rom agresia frustraciis Sedegia (Tolle 1999).
gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans es kavSiri cxovelebSi, romlebsac adamian-
Tan SedarebiT, naklebad rTuli emociuri samyaro gaaCniaT. amave dros,
frustratoris moqmedeba emociuri stresis ganviTarebas iwvevs da
frustracia emociuri stresis pirveladi rgolia (Маев da T.a. 2002).
aseTive saxisaa kavSiri, stressa da SiSs Sorisac. kerZod, mkvlevare-
bi SiSis refleqss stresuli reaqtiulobis qceviT markerad miiCneven
(Амстиславский da T.a. 1998; Бузуева da T.a. 2002). maSasadame, agresiasa da
emociur stress Soris kavSiris arseboba, frustratoris moqmedebi-
Taa gamowveuli. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom agresiuli urTierTobebis
ganviTareba, Tavis mxriv, mizezia, konfliqtis orive monawileSi stres-
reaqciis gamowvevisa (SesaZlebelia, Tavdapirveli frustratoris moq-
medebis Sewyvetis miuxedavad) (Кудрявцева da T.a. 1994). ufro metic, rig
kvlevebSi, emociuri stresis fiziologiurad adekvatur modelad, bu-
173
nebrivi zoosocialuri konfliqturi (agresiuli) urTierTqmedebaa da-

saxelebuli (Юматов da T.a. 1988). rogorc vxedavT agresiisa da emociuri
stresis urTierTkavSiri – mravalmxrivi da mtkicea.
emociuri stresis gamomwvevi faqtorebisadmi adaptacia gulisxmobs
rogorc qceviT, aseve fiziologiur da fsiqikur reaqciebsac. agresias,
rogorc qceviTi adaptaciis (adamianis SemTxvevaSi ki fsiqikuri adapta-
ciisac) funqciis matarebels – Sesabamisi fiziologiuri (vegetatiur
-neirotransmiterul-hormonuli) korelatebic unda gaaCndes, anu is
korelatebi, romlebic moaxdenen stresorisadmi (frustratorisadmi)
adaptaciisaTvis aucilebeli qceviTi aqtebis ganxorcielebis fizio-
logiur uzrunvelyofas.
cnobilia, rom stresorebi, sxvadasxva genezis SeiZleba iyvnen. maT
Soris iseTebic, romlebisadmi adaptaciac SeuZlebelia aqtiuri moZra-
obiTi komponentis – `brZolisa~ da `gaqcevis~ gareSe. stres-reaqciis
dros, organizmSi mimdinare metaboluri da vegetatiuri Zvrebis anali-
zi aCvenebs (Чичинадзе 2000), rom isini swored aqtiuri moZraobiTi reagi-
rebisaTvis arian aucilebelni (rasac adgili aqvs brZolisa da gaqcevis
dros). sxva axsna am Zvrebs ar SeiZleba hqondes.
rogorc cnobilia, emociur stresze reagirebis sami modeli arse-
bobs: `brZolis~, `gaqcevisa~ da `moCvenebiT sikvdilis~ (katatonia). aqe-
dan, mxolod pirveli ori reaqciaa dakavSirebuli organizmis fizio-
logiuri funqciebis stresul mobilizaciasTan, xolo mesame reaqcia,
Tavisi bunebiT, axlosaa tolerantuli adaptaciis modelebTan. `brZo-
la/gaqcevis~ reaqciebs, jer kidev u. qenonis droidan, aqtiur-Tavdac-
viT qcevas miakuTvneben (Шаляпина 1996), xolo `moCvenebiT sikvdils~ ki
– pasiur-TavdacviT qcevas. agresiuloba, swored `brZolis~ tipis rea-
girebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
miviCnevT, rom garkveuli tipis stresorebiT gamowveul emociur
stresze reagirebis `brZolis~ reaqcia da frustratorTa moqmedebiT
inducirebuli agresiuli qceva faqtobrivad identur movlenebs war-
moadgenen. Tuki es marTlac asea, maTi identuroba mxolod eTologiur
WrilSi ki ar unda vlindebodes, aramed emociur da fiziologiur aspeq-
tebSic. maSasadame, am ori movlenis emociuri, vegetatiuri, metabolu-
ri, bioqimiuri, lokomotoruli korelatebi aseve unda emTxveodnen er-
TmaneTs. agresiis zemoT moyvanili korelatebi (centralurad – tvinSi
noradrenalinis koncentraciisa da noradrenalin/serotoninis far-
dobis maRali maCveneblebi; periferiulad – simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis
upiratesad mediatoruli nawilis aqtivacia; lokomotoruli aqtivobis
maRali maCveneblebi; ganrisxebis emociuri reaqcia da mravali sxva) faq-
tobrivad analogiuria imisa, rasac adgili aqvs emociuri stresis dros.
174
pirvel rigSi, es exeba simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis upiratesad mediato-

ruli nawilis agznebas. es sistema marTlac, rom `brZolisaTvis~ aris
Seqmnili da aqedan gamomdinare agresiuli qcevisaTvisac. igi ara marto
fiziologiurad amzadebs organizms, aramed emociuradac ganawyobs mas
brZolisaTvis.
is faqti, rom Cvens eqsperimentebSi dominant TagvebSi noradrena-
linis koncentracia sarwmunod ufro maRali iyo vidre danarCenebSi da
gansakuTrebiT submisiur TagvTa jgufSi – metyvelebs imaze, rom domi-
nireba upiratesad dakavSirebulia noradrenergul reagirebasTan. sain-
teresoa, rom submisiur TagvebSi noradrenalinis koncentracia sarwmu-
nod ar gansxvavdeboda, `gardamaval~ cxovelTa jgufSi amave parametris
sididisagan. am ukanasknelSi ki bevri iyo ara ubralod dabalagresiuli
cxovelebi, aramed iseTebic, romlebic saerTod ar avlendnen agresiu-
lobas. TavisTavad, aseTi qcevis cxoveli, populaciaSi praqtikulad ve-
rasodes gaxdeba dominanti. es mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moxdes,
Tuki garSemo yvela submisiuri qcevis iqneba. am poziciidan gasagebi
xdeba, Cvens eqsperimentebSi miRebuli rezultati: subordinant cxo-
velTa or jgufs Soris (submisiurebsa da `gardamavlebs~) noradrenali-
nis koncentraciis sarwmuno gansxvavebis ararseboba – es ukanaskneli,
xom dominirebis CamoyalibebaSi iRebs monawileobas. dominireba ki Tvi-
sebaa, romelic praqtikulad arc erT maTgans ar axasiaTebs. sazogadod,
rom dominireba (ufro zustad, dominirebisken ltolvis erTgvari ten-
dencia) marTlac gansxvavebuli fenomenia da Sesabamisad, dominantebad
SemTxveviTi cxovelebi iSviaTad xdebian – literaturuli monacemebic
adastureben. kerZod, nanaxi iqna, rom ori dominantis mamris erT gali-
aSi moxvedris SemTxvevaSi ierarqia SesaZlebelia arc ki Seiqmnas. orive
cxoveli Seecdeba dominantad gaxdomas, rac orives qronikuli stresis
pirobebSi amyofebs. Sedegad ki wonaSi kleba da stresisaTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli sxva movlenebi mohyveba (Giammanco da T.a. 2005).
rogorc zemoT moyvanili faqtebidan Cans, agresia faqtobrivad
warmoadgens, emociuri stresis sapasuxod ganviTarebuli sami qceviTi
strategiidan (`brZola~, `gaqceva~, `moCvenebiTi sikvdili~) erT-erTs,
kerZod `brZolis~ gamovlinebas. swored ase pasuxoben maRalagresiuli
da dominanti organizmebi. mocemul sqemaSi kargad ewereba submisiuri
da araagresiuli cxovelebis arsebobac, romlebsac, rogorc zemoT va-
naxeT, agonisturi Setakebis dros (da Semdegac) katatoniuris msgavsi
reaqciebi uviTardebaT. stres-reaqciis kidev erTi gamovlineba – `moC-
venebiTi sikvdili~ ki, calsaxad katatoniuri reaqciaa (Kempinsky 1997;
Krystal 2002). dabalagresiuli, submisiuri individebi, iseve rogorc ka-
tatoniuri reaqciebis mqone organizmebi xasiaTdebian identuri kore-
175
latebiT – parasimpaTikuri nervuli sistemis agznebiT, trofotrofu-

li humoruli gavlenebis (serotoninerguli da sxva) siWarbiT, dabali
lokomociiT (rogorc stresis dros, ise normaSi), SiSi-SfoTvis reaqci-
iT, xSirad hipofizur-adrenokortikaluri sistemis momatebuli aqti-
vobiT (de Almeida da T.a. 2005; Asberg 1994; Brown & Linnoila 1990; Caramaschi da
T.a. 2007; Chiavegatto & Nelson 2003; Coccaro 1989; Coccaro da T.a. 1996; Ely 1995;
Ferrari da T.a. 2005; Miczek da T.a. 1994b; Moffitt da T.a. 1998; Popova da T.a. 2005;
Saudou da T.a. 1994; Summers & Winberg 2006; Wall da T.a. 2004; Дюжиков da T.a.
1987; Вальдман da T.a. 1979; Васильев, Чугунов 1985; Дубровина, Лоскутова 2003;
Кассиль 1983; Кудрявцева, Бакштановская 1991; Кудрявцева da T.a. 1989; Кудрявцева
da T.a. 1994; Кулагин, Болондинский 1986).
rogorc Sesabamis TavSi aRvniSneT, literaturul monacemebTan
erTad, sakuTarma gamokvlevebmac gvanaxes serotoninis mniSvnelovani
roli araagresiuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi. swored amis dadasturebas
warmoadgens submisiuri jgufis Tagvebis hipoTalamusSi mocemuli ne-
iromediatoris sarwmunod ufro maRali done àbsolutur~ dominan-
tebTan SedarebiT. Cven gamokvlevebSi yvelaze saintereso sxva deta-
lia: statistikurma analizma aCvena, rom submisiuri da `gardamavali~
jgufis TagvebSi serotoninis koncentracia sarwmunod gansxvavdeboda
erTmaneTisagan da submisiurebSi ufro dabali iyo. Tavad am gansxvave-
bis arsebobis faqti miuTiTebs imaze, rom, rogorc Cans, serotoniner-
guli meqanizmebi monawileoben damorCilebuli qcevis CamoyalibebaSi.
rogorc dominireba davukavSireT noradrenalinis koncentracias da
àbsolutur~ dominantebSi misi koncentracia sarwmunod gansxvavde-
boda submisiur da `gardamaval~ cxovelTa maxasiaTeblebisagan, aseve
damorCilebuloba dakavSirebulia serotoninTan da Sesabamisad sub-
misiur cxovelebSi misi koncentracia sarwmunod metia vidre dominan-
tebSi da `gardamavlebSi~. ukanaskneli ori jgufi erTmaneTisagan ar
gansxvavdeba serotoninis koncentraciiT (msgavsad imisa, rom noradre-
nalinis koncentraciis mixedviT ar arsebobs sarwmuno sxvaoba submisi-
ur da `gardamaval~ jgufebs Soris). es logikuricaa – Tuki serotonini
damorCilebulobas gansazRvravs, arc `gardamavali~ da miTumetes, arc
dominantTa jgufis wevrebi am TvisebiT (romelic permanentul damar-
cxebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, iseve rogorc dominireba – permanentul
gamarjvebasTan) ar xasiaTdebian. Cveni mocemuli mosazreba, garkveuli
(marTalia, arapirdapiri) literaturuli monacemebiTac dasturdeba.
erT-erTi kvlevis mixedviT, damcvelobiTi reaqciis unaris gadacema
ganpirobebulia serotoninis 1A tipis receptorTa raodenobis gene-
tikurad determinirebuli SemcirebiT (Корочкин 2000). sxva statiebSi
xazgasmulia, rom SfoTva, romelic zoosocialuri emociur-stresuli
176
reaqciis safuZvelze yalibdeba, iTrevs wina hipoTalamusis ara kate-

qolamin- an glutamat-, aramed serotonin- da gaem-ergul mediatorul
sistemebs (Талалаенко 2001). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom SfoTva SiSis faq-
toria (Талалаенко 2000), xolo Zlieri SiSi ki damorCilebuli cxovelebi-
saTvisaa damaxasiTebeli, gasagebi xdeba, rom mocemuli monacemebi adas-
tureben Cvens mosazrebebs.
maSasadame, maRalagresiul, dominant individebs, emociuri stre-
sisas stres-reaqciis `brZolis~ strategia Seesabameba; submisiur, da-
balagresiul individebs ki – `moCvenebiTi sikvdilis~ strategia da ka-
tatonia. rogorc vxedavT, maRalagresiuli, dominanti organizmebi mi-
ekuTvnebian noradrenerguli reagirebis tips, xolo dabalagresiuli,
submisiuri individebi reagirebis serotoninergul tips.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Cvens kvlevebSi miRebul monacemebSi hipoTala-
musSi noradrenalinis mixedviT submisiur da `gardamaval~ jgufebs, xo-
lo hipoTalamusSi serotoninis mixedviT – dominant da `gardamaval~
jgufebs Soris sxvaoba statistikurad sarwmuno ar iyo. Cven ki gvindo-
da iseTi parametris povna, romlis mixedviTac yvela jgufi erTmaneTi-
sagan sarwmunod iqneboda gansxvavebuli. gamovediT ra im cnobili mo-
sazrebidan, rom TiToeuli qcevis paternis (SiSis, agresiis, saorienta-
cio-kvleviTi aqtivobis) biologiuri arsi da ama Tu im qceviTi efeqtis
gamovlenis Zala damokidebulia neiromediatorTa kompleqsis aqtivo-
baTa Sefardebaze (Кулагин, Болондинский 1986), Cven SemovitaneT noradre-
nalinisa da serotoninis koncentraciis cifrobrivi maxasiaTeblebis
fardobis koeficienti (na/se). swored na/se aRmoCnda is maxasiaTebeli,
romlis mixedviTac samive jgufi sarwmunod gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTi-
sagan. rac calsaxad imis maniSnebelia, rom swored am parametris sidide
gansazRvravs imas, Tu romel jgufSi moxvdeba cxoveli (I, II Tu III-Si),
anu rogor qcevas gamoavlens igi – dominanturs, submisiurs Tu kidev
raime sxvas. Tumca, mocemul koeficientTan erTad, neirotransmiterTa
koncentraciis absoluturi sidideebis mniSvnelobac unda gvaxsovdes.
faqtia, rom Cveni kvlevebis mixedviT, individebi tvinis struqturebSi
noradrenalinis dabali koncentraciiT – ver xdebian dominantebi, ise-
ve, rogorc organizmebi serotoninis dabali koncentraciiT – submisi-
uri cxovelebi.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom literaturaSi farTod gavrcelebuli
idea kateqolaminergul da serotoninergul meqanizmebs Soris recip-
rokuli damokidebulebis arsebobis Sesaxeb (Громова, Семенова 1989), sa-
varaudod, yovelTvis mkacrad koreqtuli ar aris. kendelis τ koefici-
entis gamoyenebiT Cven mier Sefasebul noradrenalinisa da serotoni-
nis koncentraciebs Soris sarwmuno korelacias – arc dadebiTs da arc
177
uaryofiTs, adgili ar hqonda cxovelTa arc erT jgufSi, arada recip-

rokulobis ideidan gamomdinareobs maT Soris uaryofiTi korelaciis
arsebobis SesaZlebloba.
miuxedavad zemoT moyvanili niuansebisa naTelia, rom dominanti
cxovelebi stresze reagirebis noradrenergul tips miekuTvnebian,
xolo submisiuri cxovelebi ki – trofotropuls. es yovelive kargad
eTanxmeba stresze reagirebis literaturaSi cnobil principulad di-
qotomiur modelebs, romlebic garda klasikuri sqemisa – simpaTikoto-
nikebi/parasimpaTikotonikebi (Сандомирский 2001), warmodgenilia agreT-
ve kateqolaminergul/trofotrofuli (serotonin- da qolinerguli)
(Anderson & Summers 2007; Koolhaas da T.a. 1999; Tecott & Barondes 1996; Базян
1999; Боголепов da T.a. 2001; Герштейн 2001; Кудрявцева da T.a. 2004), simpaTi-
kuri/hipoTalamo-hipofizo-adrenokortikaluri (Ely 1995; Пшенникова
2001), noradrenerguli/adrenerguli (Netter 1993; Васильев, Чугунов 1985;
Горбунова 2000) modelebiT. magram arseboben individebi, romlebmac Cven
SromaSi miiRes `gardamavlebis~ saxelwodeba, zogierT sxva gamokvlevaSi
(romelSic populaciur struqturebs swavlobdnen) – subdominantebis,
xolo zogan ki subordinantebis saxelwodebiT arian cnobili. am ter-
minebs Soris arsebuli, seriozuli Sinaarsobrivi sxvaobis miuxedavad,
erTi ram faqtia – populaciaSi yovelTvis arseboben individebi, rom-
lebic arc dominantebs miekuTvnebian da arc permanentulad damorCi-
lebul organizmebs, isini populaciuri ierarqiuli kibis SuaSi dganan
da Tanac, Seadgenen umravlesobas. stresze reagirebis romel tips unda
mivakuTvnoT aseTi qceva? swored am problemis gadawyveta ganvizraxeT
Cven.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, `gardamaval~ cxovelTa jgufis wevrebs
hipoTalamusSi noradrenalinis koncentracia sarwmunod ufro mci-
re hqondaT, vidre dominantebs, magram submisiurebisagan isini am para-
metriT sarwmunod ar gamoirCeodnen; neirotransmiter serotoninis
SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneboda sruliad sawinaaRmdego suraTi – submisiu-
ri jgufis wevrebTan SedarebiT, maT am neiromediatoris ufro dabali
koncentracia gaaCndaT, magram dominantebSi dafiqsirebuli donisagan,
es koncentracia sarwmunod ar gansxvavdeboda. ukve es faqtebi miuTi-
Teben, rom `gardamavali~ jgufi raRac ubralo Sualeduri jgufi ki ar
aris, aramed Tavad warmoadgens sruliad damoukidebel jgufs – Tavisi
specifikuri TaviseburebebiT. magram mocemuli ori parametriT SeuZ-
lebeli iyo `gardamavali~ jgufis specifikurobis arsis axsna da stres-
ze reagirebis romelime modelTan misi kavSiris dadgena.
mocemuli problemis amoxsna SesaZlebeli gaxda, Semdegi mosazrebe-
bidan gamomdinare:
178
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, agresiuli qcevis neiroqimiuri da hormonu-

li meqanizmebisadmi miZRvnil TavSi, jer kidev XX saukunis 50-iani wle-
bis SuaxanebSi D.H. Funkenstein-ma Camoayaliba koncefcia, romlis mixed-
viTac is fsiqologiuri stresebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gare afeq-
turi gamovlinebebis SekavebasTan (SiSi, SfoTva, depresia), damokidebu-
lia organizmSi adrenalinis sekreciaze; xolo fsiqologiuri stresebi,
romlebic gare gamovlinebebiT xasiaTdebian (agresiuli mdgomareobe-
bi, mrisxaneba, mZvinvareba) – noradrenalinis sekreciiT arian ganpiro-
bebulni (cit. Васильев, Чугунов 1985; Ноздрачев, Чернышев 1989 mixedviT).
mocemuli hipoTezis dasadastureblad gamoyenebuli iqna `lomis~ (Tir-
kmelzeda jirkvalSi – bevri noradrenalini) da `kurdRlis~ (Tirkmel-
zeda jirkvalSi – bevri adrenalini) koncefcia. ufro mogvianebiT, me-
ore mkvlevarma M. Frankenheuser-ma daadgina, rom adamianTa erT nawilSi
prevalirebs noradrenalinis, xolo meore nawilSi ki adrenalinis gamo-
muSaveba (cit. Васильев 1990 mixedviT). gansakuTrebiT kargad, aseTi di-
ferencireba SeimCneoda nevrozebiTa da nevrozis msgavsi sindromebiT
daavadebulebSi, e.i. hiperemociur pirebSi. reagirebis adrenerguli ti-
pisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo momatebuli SfoTva, zedmeti pasuxismgeb-
lobis SegrZneba. reagirebis noradrenerguli tipisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia eWvianoba, Sinagani daZabuloba. aseT individuumebs xSirad axasi-
aTebdaT lideruli Tvisebebi (Васильев 1990; Васильев, Чугунов 1985). Tana-
medrove kvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom adrenomedularuli stimulacia
adrenalinis upiratesi gamoyofiT, romlebic iwveven noradrenalinisa
da adrenalinis fardobis (na/a) Semcirebas, ZiriTadad axasiaTebs SiSisa
da arousal reaqciebs, maSin rodesac simpaTikuri aqtivobis zrda, norad-
renalinis raodenobis momatebiT – fizikur aqtivobasTan dakavSirebul
mdgomareobebs (Kagedal & Goldstein 1988; Otten da T.a. 2002; Sgoifo da T.a. 1996;
Stoddard da T.a. 1987). es da sxva kvlevebi adastureben imas, rom stresze
reagirebis diqotomiuri sqema – noradrenerguli vs adrenerguli rea-
gireba – ZalaSia (Nijsen da T.a. 1998)
agreTve naCvenebi iqna, rom stresis dros simpaTo-adrenuli siste-
mis upiratesad mediatoruli nawilis aqtivacia, gansxvavebiT misi hor-
monuli nawilis aqtivaciisagan, amcirebda organizmis moTxovnilebas
kortikosteroidebze (Кассиль 1983) da amitom, kortikosteroidebis ba-
zaluri done dominant cxovelebSi ufro dabalia, vidre sxva ierarqiul
safexurze mdgom cxovelebSi (Wingfield & Sapolsky 2003). Tumca, dominan-
tebSi stresis dros isini ukeT mobilizdebian da ufro maRal sidideebs
aRweven. rac, Tavis mxriv, adaptaciis ukeTes unarze miuTiTebs (Мошкин,
Фролова 1989).
179
zemoT moyvanil vudmanisa da TanaavtorTa gamokvlevaSi, cixis saa-

vadmyofos pacientebSi Seswavlil iqna adrenalinisa da noradrenalinis
eqskrecia SardiT. qronikuli stresisadmi dabali reaqtiulobis mqone
adamianebs sisxlSi aReniSnebodaT adrenalinis dabali da noradrenali-
nis maRali koncentracia. ZaladobiT Cadenili danaSaulis (maT Soris
mkvlelobebiT) raodenobiT isini aSkarad uswrebdnen normaluri reaq-
tiulobis mqoneebs (Woodman da T.a. 1978). sxva gamokvlevaSi aseve nanaxi
iqna, rom agresiul pirebs SardSi Sefardeba noradrenalini/adrenali-
ni maRali hqondaT (Gerra da T.a. 1997). aseve, zogierTi monacemiT, agre-
siis dros uaryofiTi emociebis generacia dakavSirebulia noradrena-
linis da adrenalinis koncentraciebs Soris Tanafardobis zrdasTan
(Ноздрачев, Чернышев 1989).
im cdispirebSi, romlebic avlendnen situaciur SfoTvas, aseve imaT-
Sic, visTanac SfoTva xasiaTis Taviseburebas warmoadgenda – aRmoCenil
iqna noradrenalinis dabali da adrenalinis maRali koncentracia (Netter
1993). maSin, roca pirebi maRali aqtivobiT da TviTdajerebulobis ma-
Rali doniT, gamoirCeoden am hormonebis piruku TanafardobiT. norad-
renalinis koncentraciis Semcireba organizmSi apirobebda sevdianobis
depresias (Данилова, Крылова 1989), ZebniTi aqtivobis Senelebas (Ротенберг,
Коростелева 1989).
sxvadasxva gamokvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom arsebobs dadebiTi ko-
relacia maRal pozitiur TviTSefasebasa da regulatoruli sistemebis
daZabulobis indeqss Soris, sadac es ukanaskneli asaxavs vegetatiuri
regulaciis gadaxras vegetatiuri nervuli sistemis simpaTikuri ganyo-
filebisaken (Щербатых 2000). amave dros, simpaTikotonikebs ufro iSvia-
Tad aReniSnebodaT danaSaulis SegrZneba da TavianT problemebSi ufro
xSirad sdebdnen brals sxva adamianebs an gare movlenebs, vidre vagoto-
nikebi (Есауленко da T.a. 2000). miuxedavad imisa, rom amave gamokvlevaSi
iqna naCvenebi simpaTikotonikebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli frustraciisa
(Sefasebuli – ketelis kiTxvaris C formis mixedviT (Райгородский 2000))
da SiSebis integraluri maxasiaTeblis (Sefasebuli – aqtualuri Si-
Sebis damdgeni kiTxvaris mixedviT (Щербатых 2000)) ufro dabali done
(Есауленко da T.a. 2000), gvaqvs safuZveli vifiqroT, rom arsebuli prob-
lemebis mizezebis sakuTari pirovnebis gareT Zieba, dabali frustri-
rebulobis pirobebSic ki, umravles SemTxvevaSi, ganapirobebs qcevis
agresiul models. maSasadame, mocemuli kvlevebic, arapirdapir adas-
tureben (arapirdapir imitom, rom uSualod agresiuli qcevis maxasia-
Teblebi, mocemul gamokvlevebSi ar SeuswavliaT) simpaTikuri nervuli
sistemisa da misi mediatoris – noradrenalinis rols agresiis deter-
minaciis saqmeSi.
180
agreTve naCvenebi iqna, rom na/a Sefardebis zrda gulis qsovilSi,

zrdida organos funqcionalur SesaZleblobebs stresebisadmi (pirvel
rigSi, kunTovani muSaobisadmi) Sesagueblad, xolo am fardobis Semci-
reba ki piriqiT – auaresebda adaptacias (Чинкин 1992). sainteresoa aRi-
niSnos, rom dominant organizmebs gaaCniaT Tirkmelzeda jirkvlis no-
radrenalinis ufro maRali fardoba saerTo kateqolaminebTan, vidre
damorCilebul cxovelebs (Вальдман, Пошивалов 1984). maSasadame, rogorc
vxedavT, stresze noradrenerguli da adrenerguli reagireba sruliad
gansxvavebuli tipis individebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom arsebobs dadebiTi korelacia sis-
xlSi adrenalinis (magram ara noradrenalinis) koncentraciasa da kor-
tikosteroidTa sinTezs Soris (Кассиль 1983), SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
adrenerguli tipis reagirebisas kortikosteroidebze moTxovnileba
(da Sesabamisad gamomuSaveba) ufro maRalia vidre noradrenerguli re-
agirebisas (Komesaroff & Funder 1994; Кассиль 1983). Tanac, cnobilia, rom
dabali socialuri rangis cxovelebSi kortizolis fonuri koncentra-
cia ufro maRalia, vidre dominantebSi (Netter 1993, Динзбург da T.a. 1992).
maSasadame, rodesac saubroben imis Sesaxeb, rom dominireba da reagire-
bis aqtiuri tipi dakavSirebulia simpaTo-adreno-medulur sistemasTan
(Kavelaars da T.a. 1999; Шаляпина 1996), xolo damorCileba da `marcxmosur-
neobiTi~ strategia – adreno-kortikalur sistemasTan (Kavelaars da T.a.
1999; Netter 1993; Пшенникова 2001) – faqtobrivad es niSnavs, rom pirvel
SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs noradrenergul, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi adre-
nerguli reagirebis tipTan (reagirebis mesame – trofotropuli tipi:
serotoninerguli, parasimpaTikotonuri da misi sxva variantebi, gan-
sxvavebuli parametrebiT gamoirCeva. Tumca, igi aseve dakavSirebulia
morCilebasa da marcxmosurneobiT qceviT strategiasTan. zemoT amaze
ukve gvqonda saubari).
swored amitom, Cveni kvlevebis meore etapze SevecadeT gagverkvia
periferiaze adrenalinis da noradrenalinis koncentraciis cvlile-
bis, agreTve noradrenal/adrenalin-is Sefardebis Taviseburebebi ago-
nistur SetakebaSi sxvadasxva rezultatis mqone cxovelebSi.
Tagvebis sisxlSi adrenalinis koncentraciis gazomvam gviCvena, rom
dominanti (I jgufi) da `gardamavali~ (III jgufi) jgufis cxovelebi sar-
wmunod ar gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan mocemuli parametris mi-
xedviT. Tumca, maTi gansxvaveba submisiur TagvTa jgufSi dafiqsirebu-
li rezultatisagan – sruliad sarwmuno iyo da ramodenimejer aRemate-
bodnen am ukanasknels. miRebuli monacemebi kidev erTxel adastureben
imas, rom submisiuri jgufis wevrebis reagireba serotoninerguli tipi-
saa (ufro farTo gagebiT – trofotropuli). rogorc vxedavT, sisxlSi
181
adrenalinis koncentraciis mixedviT adgili ar hqonda gansxvavebas I da

III jgufebs Soris. maTi reagirebis tipebs Soris gansxvaveba gamoikveTa
sisxlSi noradrenalinis koncentraciis maxasiaTeblebis statistiku-
ri damuSavebisa da na/a-is Sefardebis koeficientis gamoyvanis Semdeg.
dominant cxovelTa jgufSi noradrenalinis koncentracia sagrZnob-
lad da statistikurad sarwmunod sWarbobda `gardamaval~ cxovelTa
jgufSi arsebuls (submisiuri cxovelebis analogiuri maxasiaTeblebi,
sarwmunod ufro naklebi rom aRmoCndebodaa erTzec da meorezec, Ta-
visTavad gasagebi da prognozirebadi iyo). es kidev erTxel adasturebs,
dominant cxovelebSi noradrenerguli reagirebis prevalirebas. amas
adasturebda na/a-is fardobiT miRebuli koeficientis sididec: agre-
siul, dominant cxovelebSi igi bevrad sWarbobda `gardamavlebSi~ miRe-
buls.
`gardamavali~ jgufis cxovelebSi dafiqsirebuli monacemebi aS-
karad miuTiTeben, rom maTi reagirebis tipi (msgavsad dominantebisa) –
simpaToadrenulia. magram maT sisxlSi, adrenalinis maRali da norad-
renalinis SedarebiT (dominantebTan mimarTebaSi) dabali koncentracia
miuTiTebs, rom maTSi aqtivirebulia simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis hor-
monuli nawili, gansxvavebiT dominantebisagan, romlebSic calsaxad
prevalirebs am sistemis mediatoruli nawili, xolo am ukanasknelebis
sisxlSi adrenalinis maRali koncentracia, rogorc Cans Sedegia (nawi-
lobriv mainc) noradrenalinis adrenalinSi gadasvlisa.
marTalia, yvela jgufSi noradrenalinis koncentraciis absolu-
turi sidide Warbobda adrenalinis koncentracias, magram Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT imas, rom metabolizmze adrenalinis zemoqmedebis efeqti
ufro mZlavria, vidre noradrenalinisa anda, ufro zogadad, sxvadasxva
(Tundac qimiurad axlos mdgomi) nivTierebebis Sesadari raodenobebi,
organizmze moqmedebisas araekvivalentur efeqtebs (maT Soris erTi
mimarTulebis) avlenen, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom `gardamavali~ jgufis
warmomadgenelTa umravlesoba, rogorc Cans, adrenerguli reagirebis
tips miekuTvneba.
saintereso da interpretaciisTvis sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda ko-
relaciuri analizis Sedegebi. kendelis τ koeficientis gamoyenebiT
naCvenebi iqna, rom Tagvebis sisxlSi noradrenalinisa da adrenalinis
koncentraciebi gamoirCeodnen erTmaneTTan Zlieri dadebiTi korela-
ciiT. es exeboda rogorc dominanturi, ise `gardamavali~ jgufis war-
momadgenlebs da ar exeboda submisiur TagvTa jgufs. adamianTa sisxlSi
korelaciurma analizma ki aCvena, rom agresiul damnaSaveebSi noradre-
nalinis koncentracia sarwmunod ar korelirebda adrenalinis koncen-
traciasTan. naklebad agresiul damnaSaveTa jgufSi ki noradrenalini-
182
sa da adrenalinis koncentraciebs Soris adgili hqonda sakmaod mZlavr

dadebiT kavSirs (τ=0,306), romelic statistikurad sarwmuno iyo (p<0.05).
yvela sxva Seswavlili korelacia rogorc agresiul, ise naklebad agre-
siul damnaSaveebSi (korelacia noradrenalinsa da testosterons, ad-
renalinsa da testosterons Soris) arasarwmuno iyo.
sakmaod rTulia am korelaciebis Sinaarsis axsna da miTumetes Tag-
vebze da adamianebze miRebuli Sedegebis Sejereba. amitom, davubrun-
deT Txrobis ZiriTad xazs.
zemoT moyvanili masalis sumirebis safuZvelze SegviZlia gamovyoT
emociuri stres-reaqciis dros organizmTa reagirebis fiziologiuri
meqanizmebis Semdegi sami tipi: noradrenerguli, adrenerguli da tro-
fotropuli. amave dros, rogorc literaturidanaa cnobili, stres-re-
aqciis dros sami tipis qceva realizdeba: `brZola~, `gaqceva~ da `moCve-
nebiTi sikvdili~. zemoTqmulidan ki viciT, rom `brZola~ (ufro farTo
gagebiT – agresiuli qceva) reagirebis noradrenergul tipTanaa dakav-
Sirebuli, xolo `moCvenebiTi sikvdili~ – trofotropul tipTan. logi-
kuria vivaraudoT, rom qceviTi tipebis siidan `darCenil~ qcevas – `gaq-
cevas~, organizmis fiziologiur doneze, reagirebis swored adrener-
guli tipi Seesabameba. mocemuli mosazreba sruliad axalia da garkve-
ul dasabuTebas saWiroebs.
`gaqcevis~ qceviTi tipi sakmaod farTodaa gavrcelebuli cocxal
organizmebSi da SiSis ori sabaziso efeqtidan erT-erTs warmoadgens
(Krystal 2002). Sesabamis situaciaSi, mas mimarTaven rogorc dominanti,
ise submisiuri organizmebi (Tumca, arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom garkve-
ul situaciebSi dominantmac SeiZleba gamoavlinos katatonia da aseve,
submisiuri cxovelic gaxdes agresiuli). magram, rogorc eTologiu-
ri modeli, romlis farglebSic uxSiresad imyofeba garkveuli jgufis
cxovelTa qceva, rogorc Cans, swored adrenerguli reagirebis tipis
organizmebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. permanentuli `gaqceva~ ago-
nisturi Setakebis arealidan, cxovelis dabal, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ara-
dominantur rangze miuTiTebs. es logikuricaa – adrenalini, xom `kur-
dRlis~ hormonia da ara `lomis~. amave dros, adrenalini, msgavsad da-
narCeni kateqolaminebisa, dakavSirebulia lokomotoruli aqtivobis
matebasTan da es aisaxeba kidec imaSi, rom `gaqceva~, upirveles yovlisa,
motoruli aqtia. marTlac literaturidan cnobilia, rom organoebisa
da sistemebis funqcionaluri aqtivobisa da mTeli organizmis lokomo-
toruli aqtivobis cvlilebebis TvalsazrisiT, sxvadasxva kateqolami-
nebi, moqmedeben met-naklebad erTi mimarTulebiT (Морозов da T.a. 1983)
da TiToeuli maTgani, ase Tu ise uzrunvelyofs qcevis motorul kom-
ponents.
183
Cvens eqsperimentebSic, sadac `gardamavali~ jgufis wevrTa umrav-

lesobas adrenerguli reagireba axasiaTebda (gaTvlili – sisxlSi ad-
renalinis saerTo donisa da na/a-is Sefardebis koeficientis mixedviT),
amave dros aReniSnebodaT: a) agresiis saSualo an dabali done (gaTvli-
li – Tavdasxmis latenturi drois, TavdasxmaTa saerTo ricxvisa da
drois, agonistur SetakebaSi gamarjvebaTa ricxvis mixedviT); b) maRali
lokomotoruli aqtivoba (gaTvlili – agonistur Setakebamde `ciyvis
borbalSi~ moZraobis saerTo droisa da saSualo siCqaris mixedviT). isi-
ni am ukanaskneli parametriT ar CamorCebodnen dominantebs.
rogorc Cans, ZiriTadad swored garkveuli emociuri komponentis
arseboba gvaZlevs noradrenerguli reagirebisas – `brZolas~, xolo ad-
renerguli reagirebisas ki – `gaqcevas~, rameTu metaboluri Tu moto-
ruli TvalsazrisiT, orive tipis reagireba sakmaod axlos dgas erTma-
neTTan.
marTalia, gaqcevac da gaSeSebac SiSis sabaziso efeqtebs warmoad-
genen da zogierTi mkvlevaris mixedviT `nerviuloba~ (`нервность~) (aseTi
Tvisebis mqone organizmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo gaqceviTi reaq-
ciebis prevalireba maTi gaRizianebis dros) da katatoniuroba erTiani
bipolaruli movlenis or gamovlinebaa (Алехина da T.a. 2005), magram ro-
gorc Cveni gamokvlevebidan Cans, gaSeSebiTi reaqcia, damorCilebul or-
ganizmTa Soris – ufro metad dabalrangianebSi gxvdeba. yovel SemTxve-
vaSi, ZuZumwovrebSi mainc (Tumca SevniSnavT, rom `gaqcevis~ msgavsad, ka-
tatoniuri reaqciebi, garkveul pirobebSi, dominant organizmebSic Se-
iZleba ganviTardnen. magram mxolod submisiuri individebi arian stres-
ze reagirebisas, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, ìmanenturad~ katatoniurni).
am TvalTaxedviT, literaturis analizma saintereso faqtebis aR-
moCenis saSualeba mogvca. isini adastureben Cven zemoT moyvanil mo-
sazrebas. kerZod, saubaria eqsperimentebze, romlebSic swavlobdnen
hipokampeqtomirebul cxovelebSi TavdacviT qcevas. rogorc cnobilia,
hipokampis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia – anqsiogenezSi monawileobasa
da gangaSis riTmis generaciaSi mdgomareobs (Корели 1989). aseve cnobi-
lia, rom hipokampisa da septumis dazianebisas, cxovelebSi adgili aqvs
gaSeSebiTi reaqciebis Semcirebas. amasTan, rigi avtorebisa SeniSnavs,
rom hipokampisa da septumis dazianebas cxovelebSi mosdevs uaryofiTi
ganmtkicebis SiSis Semcireba (Коваль da T.a. 1986). radganac SiSis Zalis
Semcirebas, qceva `gadahyavs~ SiSis erTi sabaziso gamovlenidan (gaSeSe-
bidan) – meoreSi (gaqcevaSi), maSasadame, gaSeSeba aqac ufro meti dabal-
rangianobis (Tu SeiZleba, aq am terminis xmareba), meti submisiurobis
markeria. Cvens eqsperimentebSi nanaxi – submisiuri jgufis cxovelebSi,
184
`gardamavali~ jgufis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT, motoruli aqti-

vobis dabali fonuri maxasiaTeblebi kargad eTanxmebian am monacemebs.
garda amisa, Cven mier moZiebuli iqna literatura, romelSic gamoT-
qmulia mosazreba gaSeSebaze, rogorc reaqciaze, romelsac organizmis
mier safrTxis Sefasebis skalaze yvelaze maRali xarisxi uWiravs (Razzoli
da T.a. 2006).
odnav gadavuxvevT ZiriTad Temas imis aRsaniSnavad, rom mocemuli
sami tipis qceva Sesabamisi vokalizaciiT an misi ararsebobiTac ki gamo-
irCeva erTmaneTisagan. germaneli mkvlevaris iurgensis mier nanaxi iqna,
rom saimiris (Saimiri sciureus) hipoTalamusis (adaptaciaSi da emociebis ge-
nezisSi monawile erT-erTi centraluri struqturis) sxvadasxva nawilis
eleqtrogaRizianebas sami tipis bgerebis gamocema mosdevs. Rrena (sino-
nimi – Rriali; ing. growling) warmoadgens xmas, romelsac gamoscemen agre-
siuli ganwyobis mqone, sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli cxovelebi. wkmutuni
(sinonimi – wkmuili; Wyivili. ing. shrieking) damaxasiaTebelia ufro metad
gaqcevisaken ganwyobili cxovelisaTvis. kakani (sinonimi – kriaxi; ing. cac-
kling) warmoadgens meore individis daZaxebis saxeobiT xmas (cit. Володина,
Володин 2001 mixedviT). Tu gamovricxavT am ukanasknels, rogorc mxolod
gamafrTxilebel xmas, darCeba ori zemoT moyvanili vokaluri gamovli-
neba. aSkaraa, rom pirveli Tan sdevs agresiul qcevas, meore ki gaqceviT
reaqcias. arc isaa gasakviri, rom gaSeSebis reaqcias sakuTari vokaluri
Sesabamisoba ar aqvs, radganac am dros organizmi maqsimalurad SeumCne-
veli unda iyos mtaceblisaTvis an dominantisaTvis.
Tu im cnobili mosazrebidan gamovalT, romlis mixedviTac arsebobs
winaswari vegetatiur-humoruli uzrunvelyofa mosalodneli saqmia-
nobisa (Tumca, mxolod miaxloebiTi) (Вальдман da T.a. 1979), maSin gasa-
gebi xdeba, rom agonistur SetakebaSi cxovelTa reagirebis sam formas
(Tavdasxmas, gaqcevasa da katatonias), organizmis fiziologiuri reagi-
rebis sami tipi unda Seesabamebodes. vfiqrobT, rom es sami tipis reagi-
rebaa – noradrenerguli, adrenerguli, trofotropuli. saxezea ago-
nistur konfliqtsa da emociur stresze fiziologiur da qceviT (eTo-
logiur) reagirebas Soris arsebuli Sesabamisobis triaduli modeli
(suraTi 12.1).
mocemuli vegetatiur-humoruli winapiroba aucilebelia Sesabami-
si emociuri fonis Camosayalibeblad da garkveuli fizikuri aqtivobis
gamosavlenad. Tavis mxriv, es ukanaskneli sxva rig komponentebTan er-
Tad (mag. kognitur) qceviTi aqtis mTlianobas qmnis – aqtiur-TavdacviT
an pasiur-TavdacviTi qcevis saxiT. SevniSnavT, rom aRniSnuli midgoma
kargad eTanxmeba im mosazrebas, rom vegetatiuri nervuli sistemis fun-
185
sur. 12.1. emociur stresze fiziologiur da qceviT (eTologiur)

reagirebas Soris arsebuli Sesabamisobis triaduli modeli
qcionirebis individualuri Taviseburebebis gareSe warmoudgenelia

stresorul zemoqmedebaze organizmis reaqciis prognozireba (Schepard
da T.a. 2000).
maSasadame, Cveni triaduli modeli organizmis qcevasa da fiziolo-
giur Taviseburebebs Soris arsebuli urTierTkavSiris erTgvar asaxvas
warmadgens. vfiqrobT, rom am modelis wyalobiT daZleul iqna diqoto-
miuri midgoma, romelic qcevis fiziologiisaTvis aqamde iyo damaxasi-
aTebeli.
186
Tavi 13
agresiis fiziologiuri adaptaciis funqcia
monografiis pirvel TavebSi bevri visaubreT agresiis eTologiuri

da fsiqologiuri adaptaciis funqciaze. sxvadasxva mkvlevarebis mier
agresiis mocemuli aspeqtebi detaluradaa Seswavlili. mocemul TavSi
ki gvinda agresiis kidev erT, Zalian mniSvnelovan funqciaze SevaCeroT
yuradReba. agresiis es aspeqti, aseve ar darCenila mkvlevarTa yuradRe-
bis gareSe, magram bevrad naklebad aris gaanalizebuli da rac mTavaria,
misi meqanizmebi ar aris kargad identificirebuli da albaT, amitomac
calke termini am movlenisTvis aravis SeurCevia.
radganac stresis dros organizmSi mimdinare vegetatiuri, bioqi-
miuri Tu energetikuli Zvrebi sxva araferia, Tu ara organizmis momza-
deba `brZola/Tavdacvis~ reaqciisaTvis, SegviZlia wamovayenoT Semdegi
mosazreba: lokomotoruli aqtivoba da situaciuri agresiuli qce-
va warmoadgenen stres-reaqciis da maSasadame, adaptaciur meqaniz-
mTa aucilebel da konsumatorul (finalur) nawils. am adaptaciuri
funqciis darRveva, organizmSi mimdinare funqcionalur cvlile-
bebs – faqtobrivad sakuTari organizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTavs. ro-
gorc Cans, adaptaciis procesis CaSla iwyeba stres-reaqciis qceviTi
komponentis (maT ricxvSi Sedis motoruli komponentic) ararsebobiT.
am Tezisis dasamtkiceblad Semdegi movlenebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos: cno-
bilia, rom motoruli komponentis ararsebobas, adaptaciis procesis
Sesabamisi vegetatiuri reaqciebi, adaptaciuridan gadahyavs fsevdoa-
daptaciurSi (Медведев 1986). swored es meqanizmi udevs safuZvlad adap-
taciis daavadebebisa da fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis warmoSobas (ada-
mianTan mimarTebaSi, am terminebis sinonimebad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ix.
Исаев (2000)).
organizmis fiziologiuri da bioqimiuri reaqciebis mTeli speq-
triT `determinirebuli~ qcevis gamovlenis SeuZlebloba, fsiqologi-
uri mizezebis gamo, analogiur rezultatebs unda iwvevdes. saintere-
soa, rom cnobili germaneli fsiqiatri g. amoni fsiqosomaturi paTolo-
giebisa da adaptaciis daavadebebis paTogenezs ukavSirebs `konstruq-
187
ciuli~ agresiuli qcevis SeuZleblobas (cit. Ротенберг 2000 mixedviT).

rotenbergi da arSavski igives xsnian ZebniTi aqtivobis daqveiTebiT
(Ротенберг, Аршавский 1984).
zemoT moyvanil, organizmis fiziologiur maxasiaTeblebsa da qce-
vas Soris arsebuli Sesabamisobis ideidan (suraTi 12.1) gamomdinare, Cven
fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis mizezad vasaxelebT ara ubralod moZra-
obiTi an/da qceviTi komponentis ararsebobas, aramed maT ararsebobas
Sesabamisi vegetatiur-hormonul-neirotransmiteruli uzrunvel-
yofis pirobebSi (mag. noradrenerguli reagirebisas – lokomotoruli
da agresiuli komponentis ararseboba; adrenerguli reagirebisas – lo-
komotoruli komponentis ararseboba). rogorc Cans, principulad ga-
dawyvetadi konfliqturi situaciebiT gamowveuli emociuri stresebi-
sas, lokomotoruli aqtivobisa da/an agresiuli qcevis ararseboba, ara
marto auaresebs stresisadmi adaptacias (rasac adgili eqneboda stres-
reaqciis nebismieri sxva komponentis blokirebisas), aramed iwvevs adap-
taciis daavadebebisa da fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis Camoyalibebas.
maSasadame, lokomotoruli da qceviTi komponentebi stres-reaqci-
is efeqturi ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebel nawilebs warmoadgenen da
ufro metic, bunebrivia, rom swored qceviTi aqtebis realizaciisTvis
Camoyalibda stres-reaqciis vegetatiuri, hormonuli da neirotransmi-
teruli meqanizmebi.
rasakvirvelia, stres-reaqciis sxva komponentebis, mag., vegetatiuri
komponentis blokirebisas (qimiuri, imunuri Tu qirurgiuli desimpaTi-
zaciis Sedegad), aseve SeiZleba ganviTardes paTologiuri Zvrebi. mag-
ram am SemTxvevaSi, paTologiisa Tu organizmis sikvdilis mizezi iqneba
– desimpaTizirebul cxovelTa (saubaria desimpaTizaciaze zrdasrul
asakSi) uunaroba Secvalon populaciaSi damkvidrebul urTierTobaTa
xasiaTi (Голубинская da T.a. 1998; Родионов da T.a. 1988). desimpaTizaciamde,
mTeli ontogenezis ganmavlobaSi, am cxovelebs ukve CamouyalibdaT emo-
ciuri da qceviTi stereotipebi, romlebzec desimpaTizacia umniSvnelo
zegavlenas axdens. Tumca, desimpaTizacia seriozulad amcirebs orga-
nizmis fizikur SesaZleblobebs efeqturad ganaxorcielos zemoaRniS-
nuli qceviTi stereotipebi. is faqti, rom desimpaTizacia seriozulad
amcirebs cxovelTa Sromisunarionobas aRniSnulia sxva avtorTa mierac
(Нигматуллина da T.a. 2002). swored Camoyalibebul qceviT stereotipeb-
sa da maTi ganxorcielebis fizikur SesaZleblobebs Soris disociaciis
gaCenas, mivyavarT cxovelTa gadaZabvamde da daRupvamde (Голубинская da
T.a. 1998; Родионов da T.a. 1988; Родионов 1996; Тарасова da T.a. 2002). rogorc
Cans, aRwerili paTologia Sedegia stres-reaqciis erT-erTi komponen-
tis deficitisa da igi ar aris dakavSirebuli adaptaciis daavadebebTan.
188
Tavi 13. agresiis fiziologiuri adaptaciis funqcia
stress-reaqciis am komponentis blokireba (misi finaluri stadiis blo-

kirebisagan gansxvavebiT) ar iwvevs aRniSnuli tipis daavadebebis ganvi-
Tarebas.
rogorc literaturul monacemebze dayrdnobiT vnaxeT, stresis
arafinaluri komponentebis blokireba, marTalia auaresebs adaptaci-
as, magram ar monawileobs fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis Camoyalibebis
procesSi.
amave dros, mravali avtori aRniSnavs stres-reaqciaze motoruli
an/da agresiuli pasuxis ararsebobis rols fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis
ganviTarebaSi (Медведев 1986; Ротенберг, Аршавский 1984). ris dadastureba-
sac warmoadgens aseTi daavadebebis dros (yovel SemTxvevaSi maT sawy-
is stadiebze) avadmyofTa dabali heterogenuli agresiuloba (Ротенберг
2000; Сукиасян da T.a. 2001) da frustraciaze intrapunitiuri reagirebis
prevalireba eqstrapunitiurze, mtruli damokidebulebis (ganwyobis)
mimarTva sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg (Маев da T.a. 2002; Марилов 2001, 2002;
Марилов da T.a. 2000; Kellner da T.a. 1985).
miuxedavad moyvanili monacemebisa, dabali agresiulobis rolze
fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis ganviTarebis procesSi, literaturaSi
sakmaod xSirad gxvdeba statiebi, sadac saubaria fsiqosomaturi daava-
debebis dros negativizmisa da mtruli damokidebulebis matebaze, misi
mimarTulebis aRniSvnis gareSe (Barefoot da T.a. 1994; Dembroski da T.a. 1989;
Ениколопов, Садовская 2000). vfiqrobT, rom es movlena Semdegnairad SeiZ-
leba aixsnas:
1) marTalia, fsiqosomaturi daavadebebiT daavadebul pirebSi, zo-
gierTi mkvlevaris mier dafiqsirebuli iqna saerTo mtrulobis indeq-
sisa da eqstrapunitiurobis maxasiaTeblis zrda, magram is, Tu rogori
tipis agresias aqvs maTSi adgili – hetero- Tu autoagresias damokide-
bulia ara marto maT absolutur doneebze, aramed eqstrapunituroba/
intrapuniturobis parametrTa fardobazec. amave kvlevebSi, aRniSnuli
Sefardeba intrapuniturobis mxares iyo gadaxrili. es ki imas niSnavs,
rom fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis dros, izrdeba autoagresia da ara
heteroagresia.
2) zogierT gamokvlevaSi nanaxi heteroagresiulobis zrda fsiqoso-
matur avadmyofebSi Sedegia, am daavadebebis xangrZlivi mimdinareobisa
da faqtobrivad mocemuli piris fsiqopatizaciaze miuTiTebs (pirovne-
bis fsiqosomaturi ganviTarebis e.w. me-4 etapi) (Марилов 2002). maSasada-
me, heteroagresiulobis zrda am dros warmoadgens daavadebis Semawu-
xebel zemoqmedebis Sedegs da igi ar aris specifikurad fsiqosomaturi
paTologiebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena.
189
rogorc yovelive zemoTqmulidan Cans, frustraciaze agresiuli

reagirebis ararsebobas didi roli ekuTvnis fsiqosomaturi daavadebe-
bis ganviTarebSi. rac, Tavis mxriv, miuTiTebs emociuri stresis dros,
lokomociisa da agresiis (aseve, rotenbergiseuli ZebniTi aqtivobis)
gadamwyvet rolze stres-reaqciis efeqturi ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.
magram, rogoria am daavadebebis ganviTarebis intimuri meqanizmebi?
cnobilia, rom fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis manifestirebisaT-
vis aucilebel movlenaTa rigidan calsaxa prioriteti eniWeba fsiqi-
kur travmas (Krystal 2002; Drossman 1998; Drossman da T.a. 1998; Kernberg 1999;
Смулевич 2000). Tumca, travma fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis paTogenezu-
ri meqanizmebis mxolod erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia. mniSvnelovani
roli maT CamoyalibebaSi ukavia pirovnul Taviseburebebsac (Смулевич
2000). frustraciisadmi midrekileba, qronikuli SfoTva – es is bazisia,
romelic iwvevs fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis Camoyalibebas (Колесников
da T.a. 2000; Лаврова 2001; Минутко da T.a. 2002). miTumetes, Tu amas Tan er-
Tvis individebis mier gare gamovlinebebis Sekaveba, qronikulad daT-
rgunuli agresiuloba (Bräutigam da T.a. 1999; Kisker da T.a. 1999; Крылов,
Крылова 2001) da masTan dakavSirebuli emociebis gamouvlinebloba (Engel
1998; Холмогорова, Гаранян 1999). aq saubaria risxvis argamovlinebazec –
risxva xom agresiis ZiriTad afeqts warmoadgens (Kernberg 1999). elimi-
nirebuli emociebis monawileobas fsiqosomaturi, somatoformuli da
afeqturi speqtris sxva aSlilobebis paTogenezSi, sxva mraval faqteb-
Tan erTad adastureben kros-kulturuli gamokvlevebic. kerZod, cno-
bilia, rom Soreuli aRmosavleTis kulturebSi (upirveles yovlisa –
iaponurSi) kulturul normadaa miRebuli grZnobebis gamoxatvaze gar-
kveuli tabu. swored am kulturaTa warmomadgenlebSi, yvelaze ufro
farTodaa gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva fsiqosomaturi daavadebebi (Faroog
da T.a. 1995). faqtobrivad, igive moTxovnebs uyenebs adamianebs Tanamed-
rove civilizaciis (am terminis Spengleriseuli gagebiT (Spengler 1993))
faseulobaTa sistemac, rac amerikeli mkvlevaris lipovskis (Lipowsky
1989) sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT apirobebs fsiqologiuri stresis `gadamu-
Savebas~ fiziologiur doneze. es fsiqoemociuri stresis somatizaciis
mizezs warmoadgens.
msgavsi Sinaarsi aqvs fsiqoanalitikuri skolis erT-erTi warmo-
madgenlis, vilhelm raihis warmodgenebs kunTovani javSnis Sesaxeb. igi
Tvlida, rom gamouxatavi emociebi ar qrebian, aramed rCebian kunTebSi
da iq ìWedebian~ kunTovan blokebad. aRniSnuli emociebi, wlebis gan-
mavlobaSi kunTovani momWerebis saxiT arseboben gamouTqmelni da ga-
uazrebelni da xSirad apirobeben somaturi paTologiis Camoyalibebas
(Stromsted 1995; Бирюкова 2001). fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis paTogenezSi
190
didia sakuTari emociuri problemebis verbalizaciis SeuZleblobis –

aleqsiTimiis roli (Bayer da T.a. 1991; Taylor da T.a. 1999; Будневский, Ряскин
2001a; 2001b; Куташов 2001). am tipis paTologiebis dros emociuri daZabu-
loba, rogorc wesi, ganisazRvreba ara romelime izolirebuli emociiT,
aramed sxvadasxva (xSirad urTierTsawinaaRmdego) emociebis erTdro-
uli arsebobiT. mag., SfoTvisa da agresiis, mrisxanebisa da depresiis
(Маев da T.a. 2002). aseTi pirebis fsiqologiuri testirebisas, dafiqsi-
rebulia reaqtiuli da pirovnuli SfoTva, aseve neirotizmis skalis mo-
nacemTa maRali done (Волков, Смирнова 1995; Пименов da T.a 1997).
fsiqosomaturi medicinis skola, yovelive zemoTqmulis garda, fsi-
qosomaturi paTologiebis paTogenezSi udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs
gaucnobierebeli emociuri konfliqtebis zemoqmedebas (Alexsander 2006).
literaturaSi, marTlac aris masala depresiuli avadmyofebis somati-
zaciis procesSi gaucnobierebeli SfoTvis rolze (Ширяев, Ивлева 1999).
calkeuli avtorebi, mocemuli daavadebebis paTogenezSi yuradR-
ebas aqceven sxva faqtorebsac: stres-reaqciis gadasvlas gamofitvis
stadiaSi (Маев da T.a. 2002), stresis qronizacias (Randolph & Eraser 1999;
Wade da T.a. 1997; Жучкова 2000), mudmivi da xSiri vazokonstriqciis Se-
degad sisxlZarRvTa kedlSi ganviTarebul cvlilebebs (Гогин 2002). yo-
velive es, rogorc Cans, garkveulwilad amcirebs fsiqosomaturi paTo-
logiebis paTogenezSi centraluri nervuli meqanizmebis rols.
rogorc vxedavT, Tanamedrove literaturaSi calsaxadaa dadgenili
travmis, qronikuli emociuri stresis, zogadad emociebis eliminaciisa
da konkretulad risxviTi emociis gamouvlineblobis roli fsiqosoma-
turi paTologiebis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. dafiqsirebulia agreTve is
momentic, rom mocemuli paTologiebi gvxvdeba rogorc simpaTikoto-
nik, ise vagotonik tipebSic. am movlenis met-naklebad Tanmimdevrul
axsnas mxolod franc aleqsanderi da misi mimdevrebi iZlevian. Tumca,
isini amas fsiqoanalitikuri poziciebidan (ufro swored poziciidan,
romelic orTodoqsalur froidizmsa da neofroidizms Soris meryeobs
(Blum 1999)) akeTeben, rac imas niSnavs, rom es midgoma ZiriTadad fsiqo-
logiuri warmodgenebis donezea da SedarebiT naklebad moicavs movle-
nis fiziologiur mxareebs. amitom, misi mTeli rigi momentebi, CvenTvis
ar SeiZleba iyos misaRebi.
vemyarebiT ra ramodenime, zemogamoTqmul mosazrebas (romlebic,
Tavis mxriv, sarwmuno eqsperimentul masalas efuZneba): 1) emociuri
stresisa da agonisturi konfliqtis dros organizmis fiziologiur
maxasiaTeblebsa da qcevas Soris arsebuli Sesabamisobis (korelaciuri
Tu funqciuri xasiaTis) Sesaxeb, ramac gamoxatva hpova fiziologiuri
da eTologiuri Sesabamisobis Cveneul triadaSi (suraTi 12.1); 2) war-
191
modgenas situaciur agresiasa da motorul aqtivobaze, rogorc emo-

ciuri stresis konsumatorul stadiaze, garkveuli tipis organizmebSi
(kerZod, noradrenerguli da adrenerguli reagirebis mqone); 3)emoci-
uri stresis konsumatoruli stadiis CaSlis mniSvnelobaze fsiqosoma-
turi daavadebebis paTogenezSi. am sami Tezisidan gamomdinare, vTvliT,
rom arsebuli warmodgenebi fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis meqanizmebis
Sesaxeb saWiroebs seriozul koreqciebs. samive momentis gaTvaliswine-
biT gasagebi xdeba, rom emociuri stresis dros, motoruli da qceviTi
(vgulisxmobT, upirveles yovlisa agresiul qcevas) reagirebis gareSe
datovebuli uaryofiTi emociebi, maTi gamovlenis fizikuri Tu fsi-
qologiuri mizezebiT ganpirobebuli SeuZleblobis gamo, fsiqosoma-
turi daavadebebis ganviTarebas SeiZleba uwyobdnen xels upiratesad,
simpaTikotonik organizmebSi. agresiuli qceva da motoruli aqtivoba,
xom organizmis adaptaciuri pasuxis nawils warmoadgens, ufro zustad
ki – emociuri stresis dros ganviTarebuli stres-reaqciis konsumato-
rul, finalur stadias. am etapis ganxorcielebis SeuZlebloba niSnavs
mTlianad adaptaciuri reaqciis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobas mZafri
vegetatiuri reagirebis fonze. rasac Sedegad adaptaciis daavadebebis
Camoyalibeba mosdevs.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom mTel rig fsiqosomatur daavadebebs,
zemoT moyvanilisagan gansxvavebuli etiopaTogenezi gaaCnia. kerZod,
wylulovani daavadebis paTogenezSi SeniSnulia damokidebuli da Tavis
amridebluri qceviTi paternis monawileoba (Vertogradova da T.a. 1997). aR-
niSnulia agreTve parasimpaTikuri nervuli sistemis momatebuli agzne-
bis rolic (Кравцова 2000). rogorc Cans, parasimpaTikotonikebSi adapta-
ciis daavadebebis ganviTarebis meqanizmebi gansxvavebulia. maTSi, Tavad
simpaTo-adrenuli sistemis arasakmarisi agznebis faqti (xSirad, mZlav-
ri adrenokortikaluri agznebis fonze), metyvelebs organizmis sakma-
od cud adaptaciur SesaZleblobebze. am sistemis funqcia xom stre-
sorebis moqmedebis sapasuxod, Seguebis ganviTarebaSi mdgomareobs.
Tanac, stresis dros igi (rasakvirvelia, Sesabamisi aqtivobis SemTxveva-
Si) uzrunvelyofs Sinagani organoebis stresisagan proteqciis efeqts
(Кассиль 1983; Чинкин 1992). aseTi proteqciis ararseboba Tavad SeiZleba
iyos adaptaciis daavadebebis mizezi. meore paTogenezuri meqanizmi da-
kavSirebulia stresis sapasuxod gaukuRmarTebuli, Sesabamis situaci-
aSi, adaptaciuri funqciis armqone sistemebis aqtivaciasTan. trofot-
ropuli sistemis aqtivacia situaciaSi, rodesac masze moTxovnileba ar
arsebobs, Tavad SeiZleba iyos calkeuli organoebisa da sistemebis da-
zianebis mizezi. kerZod, parasimpaTikuri sistemis agzneba stresis sapa-
suxod – apirobebs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis funqciis gaZlierebas,
192
ramac saWmlis momnelebel traqtSi sakvebis ararsebobis dros, SeiZleba

gamoiwvios wylulovani daavadebis ganviTareba (Alexsander 2006). sasunTq
sistemaze msgavsi zemoqmedeba ayalibebs bronqospazms, rac, Tavis mxriv,
SemdgomSi bronquli asTmis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.
rogorc vxedavT, parasimpaTikotonik organizmebSi eqstremaluri
reaqciis Sesabamis qcevaSi gamoTavisuflebis daTrgunva, ar monawile-
obs fsiqosomaturi paTologiebis CamoyalibebaSi.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare migvaCnia, rom adaptaciis daavadebebis
dayofa simpaTikuri da parasimpaTikuri sistemebis upiratesi agznebis
Sedegad gamowveulebad (Alexsander 2006) – gamarTlebulia. magram maTi
ganviTarebis meqanizmebi, principulad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan.
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom garkveuli tipis organizmebSi daTrgunu-
li agresiuloba, mizezia adaptaciis daavadebebis ganviTarebisa. am dros
ararealizebuli agresiis potenciali, Tavad sakuTari organizmis wina-
aRmdeg aris mimarTuli da azianebs mas. heteroagresiis ar gamovlenas, ag-
resia faqtobrivad gadahyavs autoagresiaSi (rasakvirvelia, am terminis
ara eTologiuri, aramed fsiqologiuri da fiziologiuri gagebiT). gan-
risxebiTi emociis, iseve rogorc motoruli aqtivobisa da TavdasxmiTi
reaqciis ganviTarebis SeuZlebloba (samive agresiuli qcevis komponen-
tebia) stres-reaqciis dros, niSnavs fsiqosomaturi daavadebebis paTo-
genezuri meqanizmebis iniciacias (Крылов, Крылова 2001). amas arapirdapir,
amerikeli mkvlevarebis D. Hokanson-is da kolegebis mier Catarebuli eq-
sperimentebic adastureben. maT gamokvlevebSi, cdispirebi pirovnebaT-
Soris konfliqtze regirebdnen – agresiulad an megobrulad. aRmoCnda,
rom agresiuli reagirebisas mamakacebSi emociuri agzneba (Sefasebuli
fiziologiuri parametrebis safuZvelze) ufro swrafad mcirdeboda,
vidre megobruli reagirebisas. mZlavri risxvis dros, pirdapiri agresi-
is (fizikuri an verbaluri) gamovlenis SeuZleblobisas, emociuri daZa-
buloba ar cxreboda da arteriuli wnevac maRal doneze narCundeboda
(cit. Ильин 2002 mixedviT). rac, aSkarad miuTiTebs adekvaturi qceviTi
reagirebis mniSvnelobaze emociuri gantvirTvis saqmeSi.
radganac agresia unda gamovlindes (da rogorc wesi vlindeba)
stresis pirobebSi (anu erTgvarad `stres-damokidebuli~ movlenaa),
amitom logikuria vivaraudoT, rom stresis qceviTi komponentebisadmi
yvelaze ukeT `momzadebuli~ organizmebi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, maRa-
li situaciuri agresiulobiT unda gamoirCeodnen. es gamomdinareobs,
mosalodneli saqmianobis winaswari metaboluri uzrunvelyofis ide-
idan. Cven, metaboluri uzrunvelyofis princips davumateT mosalod-
neli saqmianobis winaswari emociuri uzrunvelyofis principi. kerZod,
emociuri agresiis SemTxvevaSi igi unda iwyebodes (da ZiriTadad iwyeba
193
kidec) mrisxanebiT da mxolod Semdeg gadadis uSualod fizikur agre-

siaSi.
radganac, stresis qceviTi komponentebi, stresorisadmi adaptacii-
saTvis arseboben, naTelia maRali, oRond adekvaturi, situaciuri agre-
siulobis sakmaod mZlavri dadebiTi korelaciuri kavSiri organizmebis
maRal adaptaciurobasTan.
yovelives sumireba, gvaZlevs saSualebas davaskvnaT, rom garkveuli
tipis organizmebSi, situaciuri agresiuli qceva warmoadgens fenomens,
romlis biologiuri datvirTva – adaptaciur funqciaSi mdgomareobs.
igi emociuri stresis dros stres-reaqciis, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `spe-
cifikuri~ pasuxia, radganac mxolod am saxis pasuxs SeuZlia organiz-
mis Seguebis uzrunvelyofa garemo pirobebisadmi. Tanac, rogorc aR-
moCnda, agresia adaptaciuri movlenaa ara marto eTologiuri, aramed
fiziologiuri TvalsazrisiTac. ase rom, agresiasTan mimarTebaSi, ter-
mins `fiziologiuri adaptacia~ iseTive ufleba aqvs iarsebos, rogorc
terminebs – eTologiuri da fsiqologiuri adaptacia.
cnobilia, rom susti nervuli moqmedebis (i. pavlovis mixedviT) mqo-
ne cxovelebSi TavdacviTi qceva eqsperimentuli nevrozis dros atarebs
pasiur xasiaTs: cxovelebi cdiloben daimalon galiis romelime kuTx-
eSi, sxvadasxva sagnebis qveS, xSirad kankaleben, uars amboben sakvebze.
Zlieri nervuli moqmedebis mqone cxovelebSi ki – mcirexniani pasiur-
TavdacviTi reaqciis Semdeg viTardeba aqtiur-TavdacviTi reaqcia, ro-
melic mimarTulia arsebuli problemis Tavidan mosacileblad. xSirad
aseT cxovelebSi adgili hqonda agresiulobis àfeTqebas~: isini Tavs
esxmodnen sxva cxovelebs, momvlel personals, RrRnidnen garemomcvel
sagnebs (xananaSvili 2008). anu gasagebia, rom arsebobs kavSiri adaptaci-
is da agresiis xarisxebs Soris.
mocemul mosazrebebs sainteresod exmianeba sxvadasxva saxeobis
meqviSiebze Catarebuli gamokvlevebi. avtorTa azriT, agonisturi Se-
takebis xangrZlivoba da daZabuloba gamoxatavs konkretuli saxeobis
meqviSiebis mdgradobas emociuri stresisadmi. radganac agonisturi
urTierTobis dros pirdapir fizikur agresias SedarebiT mcire droi-
Ti monakveTi uWiravs, maSasadame SetakebaSi gamarjveba Sedegia oponen-
tisadmi, upirveles yovlisa `fsiqologiuri~ da ara fizikuri gamklave-
bis unarisa. Tu es asea, maSin im saxeobis meqviSiebi, romlebsac ufro da-
Zabuli urTierToba hqondaT agonisturi kontaqtis dros, stresisadmi
ufro maRal mdgradobas unda avlendnen (Goltsman & Volodin 1997; Володин
da T.a. 1998).
aq odnav gadavuxvevT Temas da aRvniSnavT, rom aqtiur reagirebas (ma-
Ral lokomotorul da qceviT aqtivobas) yovelTvis ar SeuZlia dadebi-
194
Ti Sedegebis motana. principulad gadauwyvetadi (gamouvali) konfliq-

turi situaciebis dros, piriqiT – organizmis pasiur pasuxs eniWeba upi-
ratesoba (Виноградова, Жуков 2004; Дубровина, Лоскутова 2002; Черноситов da
T.a. 1994). es WeSmaritia, agreTve, zogierTi sxva saxis stresoruli ze-
moqmedebebisTvisac (Kavelaars da T.a. 1999; Жуков da T.a. 2002). nanaxi iqna,
rom sxvadasxva qceviTi strategiis mqone virTagvebs, klinikuri sikvdi-
lis Semdeg cns-Si sxvadasxva xasiaTis dazianebebi aReniSnebodaT. Tanac,
aqtiuri qceviTi aqtivobis (amaRlebul jvaredin labirinTSi da Ria ve-
lis testiT Sefasebuli qceviTi parametrebis Sejamebis Sedegad gamoy-
vanili integraluri parametri) mqone cxovelebs, hipokampsa da naTxem-
Si aReniSnebodaT neironTa populaciebis ufro seriozuli dazianebe-
bi, vidre dabalaqtiur cxovelebs. Tanac, am rezultats adgili hqonda
imisda miuxedavad, cxovelebs maRali aqtivoba axasiaTebdaT klinikur
sikvdilamde (Волков da T.a. 2004) Tu reanimirebis Semdgom (Заржецкий da
T.a. 2004). albaT, swored es iyo imis mizezi, rom evoluciurad Camoya-
libda da farTo gavrcelebac hpova stresorebze ara marto aqtiurma,
aramed pasiurma reagirebam. Tanac ara marto martiv, aramed rTul orga-
nizmebSic. pasiuri, tolerantuli reagireba, izolacia pirobiTi signa-
lebisagan da rigi upirobo zegavlenebisagan (maT Soris nociceptiuri
bunebis), warmoadgens TavdacviT reaqcias, mimarTuls nervuli sistemis
gadaZabvisagan dasacavad da gxvdeba ara marto Sokuri mdgomareobebis,
daswavliTi ususurobis (acquired helplessness), sxvadasxva formis nevroze-
bis, aramed mravali paTologiisa da emociuri stresis drosac (Кулинский
1999; Кулинский, Ольховский 1992; Салтыков da T.a. 1996). mZlavri fsiqoemo-
ciuri stresisas, adamianis izolacia gare signalebisagan depresiiTa da
stuporiT vlindeba (Хитров 1998).
axla ki davubrundeT ZiriTad Temas.
im faqts, rom agresias fiziologiuri adaptaciis funqciac gaaCnia,
adasturebs fiziologiis sxva dargebSi miRebuli masalac. saubaria eq-
spermentebze, sadac mowmdeboda pirobiTi emociuri reaqciebis gamomu-
Savebis SesaZlebloba tvinis Sesabamisi ubnebis eleqtruli stimulaci-
is Sedegad. mravalricxovan gamokvlevebSi naCvenebi iqna, rom limburi
sistemis sxvadasxva struqturebis eleqtruli gaRizianebis bazaze, ase-
Ti pirobiTi emociuri reaqciebis gamomuSaveba SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda
mxolod SiSTan dakavSirebuli emociuri reaqciebis SemTxvevaSi. kvebi-
Ti qcevis pirobiTi reaqciebis rogorc gamomuSaveba, aseve damuxruWeba,
tvinis Sesabamisi struqturebis stimulirebis pirobebSi, iseve, rogorc
mrisxanebisa da agresiis pirobiTi reaqciebisa – SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda
(Ониани 1980). am movlenis asaxsnelad, gamoyenebuli iqna literatura-
Si kargad cnobili warmodgenebi – homeostazuri da arahomeostazu-
195
ri biologiuri ltolvebis Sesaxeb. rogorc cnobilia, homeostazuri

ltolvani (mag. wyurviliT an SimSiliT gamowveuli ltolva) emsaxure-
bian Sinagani garemos mudmivobas da maTi CarTva xdeba Sinagani stimu-
lebiT. arahomeostazuri ltolvani (mag. seqsualuri da emociuri erau-
zalebi) – uzrunvelyofen organizmis Seguebas garemosTan da irTvebian
gare sensoruli stimulebiT. T. onianis azriT, tvinis eleqtruli gaRi-
zianebis gziT, pirobiTi emociuri qceva SesaZlebelia miviRoT, mxolod
arahomestazuri ltolvebis SemTxvevaSi (SiSi swored maT miekuTvneba),
romelTa CarTva `bunebriv~ pirobebSi garedan xdeba. maSasadame, eqspe-
rimentis garkveul pirobebSi yovelma axalma gare gamRizianebelma, mo-
cemuli konkretuli arahomeostazuri ltolvisaTvis, signaluri mniS-
vneloba SeiZleba SeiZinos. am poziciebidan gaurkveveli rCeboda, Tu
ratom ar xdeboda agresiis pirobiTi emociuri reaqciis gamomuSaveba.
avtoris azriT, amis mizezia is, rom agresia, marTalia arahomeostazu-
ri ltolvaa, magram igi mizez-Sedegobrivad dakavSirebulia kvebisa da
wyurvilis homeostazur ltolvebTan, romelTa `CarTva~ mxolod gare-
dan mosuli impulsebis gziT SeuZlebelia (Ониани 1980).
sakuTar masalasa da fsiqosomatur daavadebebze Cveneul warmod-
genebze dayrdnobiT (agreTve im momentis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kvebas-
Tan mizez-Sedegobrivad dakavSirebulia, isic met-naklebad, mxolod
mtacebluri agresia, xolo zemoT moyvanil eqsperimentebSi ki saubaria
zogadad agresiaze) vvaraudobT, rom tvinis Sesabamisi struqturebis
eleqtrostimulaciiT, agresiis pirobiTi emociuri reaqciis gamomu-
Saveba imitom aris SeuZlebeli, rom agresias, rogorc Cans homeosta-
zuri funqciis elementebic gaaCnia. agresiis homeostazuri funqcia
– organizmis fiziologiuri adaptaciis funqciaSi mdgomareobs, xolo
misi arahomeostazuri funqcia ki – eTologiuri adaptaciis funqcia-
Si. vfiqrobT, rom frustratorTa moqmedebis Semdgom ganviTarebuli
stres-reaqciis mobilizaciuri metaboluri Zvrebis èliminaciis~ fun-
qcia (eqspresiuli emociuri reaqciisa da fizikuri moqmedebisas, maTi
xarjvis gziT) – SegviZlia CavTvaloT agresiis fiziologiuri adapta-
ciis funqciad.
196
Tavi 14
saboloo Strixebi
yovelTvis Znelia monografiis daskvniTi Tavis dawera, radgan is

Sualeduri daskvnebi, romlebic Sesabamis TavebSi masalis analizisas,
iqna gakeTebuli, daskvniT TavSi konteqstidan amoRebuli saxiT unda Ca-
moyalibdes. ìm SemTxvevaSi~, `zogjer~, `xSirad~, ìmdenad ramdenadac~
– am stilis sityvebi da frazebi, romlebic Zalian organulad gamoiyu-
rebian konkretuli Tavebis teqstSi – naklebadaa misaRebi daskvniT Tav-
Si. masSi yvelaferi calsaxad unda iqnes Camoyalibebuli. da es miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom bunebaSi cota ram aris calsaxa.
Cven mocemul monografiaSi SevecadeT Camogveyalibebina agresiis
mwyobri Teoria. riT aris axali Cveni koncefcia? didi ingliseli fi-
losofosis uiliam okamis (William of Occam, daaxl. 1285-1349) cnobili
meTodologiuri principis (e.w. òkamis britva~) Tanaxmad, romelic ga-
martivebuli saxiT Semdegnairad JRers – `nu amravlebT raobebs, amis
aucileblobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi~ (cit. Spade 1999 mixedviT), Tu
Teorias raime axali ar Semoaqvs mocemul dargSi, mis Seqmnas aranairi
azri ar aqvs. okamis britvis principidan gamomdinare ramdenad aucile-
beli iyo axali koncefciis Camoyalibeba?
SevecadoT gavaanalizoT is Tu riT aris axali da originaluri Cveni
koncefcia.
Cven mier SemuSavebul iqna:
1) agresiis tipebis axali klasifikacia;
2) axleburad mivudeqiT agresiuli qcevis biologiuri induqtore-
bis identifikaciis sakiTxs da mTavar kriteriumad qcevis adaptaciu-
roba wamovayeneT;
3) qcevis adapturobis principidan gamomdinare, sarwmunod moxer-
xda agresiis induqtorebis identifikacia;
4) gamovyaviT agresiis axali funqcia, romelic winaT an saerTod ar
ganixileboda, an zogierT kvlevaSi, fsiqologiuri funqciis farglebSi
iyo moqceuli;
197
5) stresze reagirebis sruliad axali, sakuTari modelis (e.w. tria-

duli modeli) saSualebiT, SevecadeT uari gveTqva stresis diqotomi-
ur sqemebze da sakmaod sarwmunod davakavSireT stresorTa moqmedebis
sapasuxod gamovlenili qceviTi tipebi – organizmis fiziologiur da
bioqimiur reagirebis tipebTan.
Tu ramdenad arawinaaRmdegobrivi da sainteresoa agresiis Cveneu-
li Teoria, es Sesabamisi kompetenciis mqone mkiTxvelis gadasawyvetad
migvindia.
kidev erTxel, Zalian mokled, mimovixiloT Cven mier wamoyenebuli
Tezisebi. rasakvirvelia, agresiis arsebul TeoriebSi bevri ram aris
marTebuli, Sesabamisad Cven totalurad ki ar gviTqvams uari am koncef-
ciebze, aramed mxolod davamateT da SevavseT isini.
agresiuli qceva rTuli movlenaa. mravali sxadasxva saxisa da tipis
qceva SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes agresiul qcevad. amitomac, arsebobs ag-
resiis mravali klasifikacia. Tumca, mxolod TavdacviT da TavdasxmiT
qcevamde agresiis dayvanis mcdeloba da Tanac, TavdasxmiTi agresiis –
emociurad `civ~ agresiad gamocxadeba, xolo TavdacviTisa ki – `cxel~
agresiad – Cveni azriT arasworia. sakuTari oTxelementiani klasifika-
cia, ara marto moicavs TavdasxmiTi da TavdacviTi agresiis tipebs, am
cnebebis `klasikuri~ gagebiT, aramed Semoaqvs cneba emociurad `cxeli~
TavdasxmiTi agresiis Sesaxeb, rac Cveni azriT realobis asaxvas warmo-
adgens. garda amisa, calke gamovyaviT pozitiuri emociebis miRebasTan
dakavSirebuli agresiis tipi, romlis mTavar motivs dominirebisa da
sxvisi damcirebisagan miRebuli siamovneba warmoadgens. rasakvirvelia,
Cven ar uarvyofT dadebiTi emociebis arsebobas rogorc `klasikuri~,
ise Cveneuli, `cxeli~ TavdasxmiTi agresiis dros, magram mainc vTvliT,
rom am ori ukanaskneli tipis agresiaSi mTavari mainc resursebis (sakve-
bis, mdedrebis da a.S.) flobis motivia da siamovnebis miRebis procesi,
ase vTqvaT meoradia. dadebiTi emociis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli agre-
siis dros (agresiis e.w. me-4 tipi) mTavari swored dadebiTi emociebia, da
ara ama Tu im resursis dauflebis survili.
rogorc araerTxel aRvniSneT, arc erTi rTuli qceva, miTumetes
rTul organizmebSi, ar aris monoqimiuri. masSi CarTulia mravali, (zog-
jer aTeulobiT da aseulobiT) sxvadasxva qimiuri Semadgenlobisa da
biologiuri funqciis mqone ingredienti. Tanac, cnobilia, rom bunebaSi
ar arsebobs agresiuli qcevis raime specifikuri induqtori. magram mi-
uxedavad amisa, mkvlevarebi mainc eZeben agresiis biologiur induqto-
rebs. rasakvirvelia, saubaria mxolod im mTavar faqtorze (faqtoreb-
ze) romelTa moqmedeba warmoadgens, ama Tu im tipis agresiis erTgvar
trigers. vfiqrobT, rom pirvelad Cven wamovwieT win agresiis adapta-
198
Tavi 14. saboloo Strixebi
ciuri funqciis roli misi neirobiologiis Seswavlis saqmeSi (yovel

SemTxvevaSi Zebnam am mimarTulebiT rogorc specializebul samecniero
monacemTa bazebsa da internet-biblioTekebSi, ise zogadad internet-
Si, Sedegi ar gamoiRo). kerZod, vTvliT, rom swored e.w. adaptaciuri
agresia, rogorc situaciuri agresiis gamovlena, yvelaze kargad asa-
xavs agresiis evoluciur funqciasa da daniSnulebas. ase rom, aq ar aris
logikuri winaaRmdegoba, erTi mxriv, agresiis specifikuri induqtoris
ararsebobasa da amave dros, agresiis induqtoris Zebnasa da identifi-
kacias Soris.
Cven mier SemoTavazebuli iqna kriteriumi, romlis mixedviT SeiZle-
ba adaptaciuri, situaciuri agresiis biologiuri induqtorebis gamo-
yofa met-naklebad SemTxveviTi agresogenuli agentebisagan (Chichinadze
da T.a. 2009). am midgomis gamoyenebiT, literaturaSi agresogenur faq-
torad yvelaze ufro xSirad miCneuli testosteroni, Cven mier ar Ca-
iTvala aseTad. vfiqrobT, rom misi roli ZiriTadad Semoifargleba im
struqturaTa CamoyalibebiTa da aqtivaciiT, romlebzec sxva induqto-
ris – noradrenalinis moqmedebiT, viTardeba agresiuli qceva. swored
noradrenalini warmoadgens im faqtors, romelic ara marto xasiaTdeba
agresogenuri efeqtiT, aramed misi sinTezi aqtiurdeba im periodSi, ro-
desac agresiuli qceva maqsimalurad aucilebelia garemo faqtorebTan
Sesagueblad. Tumca, maxasiaTebeli, romelic yvelaze zustad Seesaba-
meboda cxovelebSi agresiis xarisxs, tvinis Sesabamis struqturebSi no-
radrenalinis koncentracias ki ar warmoadgens, aramed noradrenali-
ni/serotoninis fardobis koeficients.
situaciuri agresiis, rogorc adaptaciuri fenomenis analizma mig-
viyvana daskvnamde, rom lokomotoruli aqtivoba da situaciuri agresi-
uli qceva – stres-reaqciisa da adaptaciur meqanizmTa aucilebel, kon-
sumatorul nawils warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, organizmis fiziologiu-
ri da bioqimiuri TaviseburebebiT determinirebuli qcevis gamovlenis
SeuZlebloba, fsiqikis doneze Camoyalibebuli mizezebisa Tu fizikuri
SeuZleblobis gamo, iwvevs adaptaciis daavadebebisa da fsiqosomaturi
paTologiebis ganviTarebas. garkveuli tipis organizmebisaTvis (no-
radrenerguli da adrenerguli reagirebis mqone) agresiuli reagire-
ba da/an intensiuri lokomotoruli aqtivoba warmoadgenen movlenebs,
romlebic aucilebelia organizmTa fiziologiuri adaptaciisaTvisac.
vfiqrobT, rom agresias sayovelTaod cnobili qceviTi (eTologiu-
ri) da fsiqologiuri adaptaciis garda, fiziologiuri adaptaciis fun-
qciac gaaCnia. swored am fenomenis arsebobis damtkicebas mivuZRveniT
monografiis boloswina Tavi. rogorc Cans, agresiuli qceviTi organiz-
mi ara marto cdilobs misTvis mniSvnelovani resursebis dauflebas an/
199
da fsiqologiuri diskomfortis Semcirebas, aramed realurad icavs

sakuTar organizms sxvadasxva stresorebisa da gamowvevebis zemoqme-
debiT ganviTarebuli – potenciurad damazianebeli, Sidaorganizmuli
Zvrebisagan. agresiis am ukanasknel funqcias Cven fiziologiuri adap-
taciis funqcia vuwodeT.
mocemul naSromSi, Cven SeZlebisdagvarad SevecadeT gagveca pasuxi
im kiTxvebze, romelic kvlevis dawyebamde iqna dasmuli da romlebic am
monografiis dasawyisSi iyo moyvanili.
rasakvirvelia, agresiul qcevasTan dakavSirebuli yvela problemis
gadaWra ar ZaluZs Cvens koncefcias, magram imedi gvaqvs, rom is kargi ba-
zisi iqneba imisaTvis, rom masze daSendes agresiis axali Teoria. rode-
sac axals vambobT, sayovelTaos vgulisxmobT, radganac im mecnierebs
mivekuTvnebi, romlebsac sjeraT samyaros principuli Secnobadobisa.
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agresia

agresiis eTologiuri, fsiqologiuri,

agresiis eTologiuri, fsiqologiuri, fiziologiuri

redaqtori profesori s. cagareli

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agresiis cnobili mkvlevari a. basi Tvlis, rom adamianis agresiuli

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TanaSemwis garkveuli amocanis Sesrulebisas daSvebul Secdomebze re-

sur. 2.1. cdispirTa emociuri mdgomareobis kavSiri maT mier

gorc beroni aRniSnavda, vizualuradac kargad Canda, rom sakontrolo

– proactive – cold blooded – hidden – offensive – predatory – positive/constructive) ag-

nuli Taviseburebebis gansxvavebuli klasterebi Seesabameba (Caprara et

populaciur kvlevebSi) organizmebSi (Ferrari da T.a. 1998; Kudryavtseva da

damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi ufro metad aqvT qalebs, vidre mamakacebs.

radganac ar Cans is konkretuli mizani, romelsac dominanti eswrafvis

stresia, iq garkveul emociur da vegetatiur Zvrebs aqvs adgili. Sesa-

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di monawileobs bevr SetakebaSi da xSirad xasiaTdeba mZafri emociuri

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, agresiis SeswavlaSi garkveuli mniS-

agresiis ganmartebis Semdeg im obieqtur kriteriumebzea saWiro

3.1. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba adamianebSi

adamianis agresiulobis Sefasebis mravali sxvadasxva meTodi arse-

Seswavla eqsperimentatorisTvis SeiZleba seriozuli safrTxis Semcve-

gamokiTxvaze dafuZnebuli meTodikebis yvelaze cnobil warmomad-

cnobil wignSi aRweren eqsperimentatorze cdispiris Tavdasxmis erT-

martebis Semdgom, eqsperimentatori viTomda SemTxveviT cdispirebs

ama Tu im meTodis validoba da reprezentatiuloba araerTxel damdga-

gavusvamdiT – met-naklebad) afasebs agresiis xarisxs da amitom, yvela

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39. maSinac ki, rodesac vbrazdebi, ar viyeneb uxeS gamonaTqvamebs.

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aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi mniSvnelovani detali. igi exeba, rogorc

agresiuli danaSaulis araagresiuli danaSaulis

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fizi- iribi gaRi- negati- wyena eWvi verba- danaSau-

+ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).

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+ korelacia dadebiTia da statistikurad sarwmuno (p<0,05).

araagresiuli danaSaulis Camden damnaSaveebSi mocemuli paramet-

sruliad sxvagvari suraTi miviReT agresiuli danaSaulis Camden pi-

3.2. agresiuli qcevis Sefaseba cxovelebSi

nebismieri motivaciis donisa da intensivobis Sefaseba garkveul siZ-

(kvebiTi motivacia), liTonis iatakze miwodebuli denis ZaliT, romlis

dakvirvebis meTodebs (zogierTi avtori mas eTologiur midgomas

TierTobis adreul etapebze, rodesac agresiul qcevaSi, misi fizikuri

koloniis modeli. mocemuli tipis modelebis mTavar damaxasiaTe-

jgufTaSorisi agresiis modelebi. galiaSi, romelic ori izolire-

kurenciis Sedegad warmoSobil reaqcias warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, am mi-

mis agresiulobas. aseTi cxoveli nebismier kontaqts Tavis `TanamoZmes-

cxovelTa Soris manZili, aucileblad mcire unda iyos da isini advilad