Bayyinah

Access 2 - 1 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3

َْ%
% ‫ﺣ ٰـﻦ ٱ‬ %
‫ﻴﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬ِ ‫ﻟﺮ‬ ِ ‫ۢ ٱﻟﻠـ ِﻪ ٱﻟﺮ‬

ََ ْ ُ % ً َْ ُ % ُّ َ ُ َ
‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻠِﻒ ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﻏﻔﺴﺎ إِﻻ وﺳﻌﻬﺎ‬
ََ
Allah does not burden any soul, except what it is capable of [‫اﻛﻘﺮة‬ - 2:286]

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Here is what the colour scheme in this document means!


Topic Subtopic Surah Reference

Overall Concept Core Concepts Gem Details

Some parts or individual words in this document may be randomly highlighted or colour coded for
prominence or to indicate change or emphasis, but they do not follow any particular colour scheme.

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 Bayyinah Access 2 - 2 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3

Which topics are covered inside?

1 ‫ِﻣﺜﺎل‬ The vowel ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬is the first root letter 3

َ َ
2 ‫أﺟﻮف‬ The vowel ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬is the middle root letter 6
ُ
3 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬ The 2nd & 3rd root letters are the same. 9
َ
4 ‫ﻧﺎﻗ ِﺺ‬ The last root letter is a vowel (at the end) 12
ْْ َ
5 ‫ﻟ ِﻔﻴﻒ‬ Two root letters are vowels (1st/ 3rd, 2nd/3rd) 17
َُْْ
6 ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬ One of the root letters is a ‫ ء‬ 20

Appendix What has changed since the previous version? 22

















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 Bayyinah Access 2 - 3 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3

1 ‫ ِﻣﺜﺎل‬The vowel ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬is the first root letter

ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING
1. Present tense, command & forbidding completely drops the vowel.
FAMILY 1
َُ 2. The vowel returns in present passive.
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬ ًَ
3. Always has a ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬in ‫ ﻋِﻠﺔ‬form.
ٌ ً َ ُ َ َ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َواﻋِﺪ‬ ‫ﻋِﺪة‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻌﺪ‬ ‫َوﻋﺪ‬ To promise
‫وﻋﺪ‬ ً ْ َ
‫ وﻋﺪا‬
ٌُْ َْ ً َ ُ َ ُْ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﻋﻮد‬ ‫ﻋِﺪة‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ُوﻋِﺪ‬
ً ْ َ
‫وﻋﺪا‬
ُْ ُْ % َُْ ُ % ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َْ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻣﻮﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋِﺪ‬
ٌ َْ
‫ﻣﻮﻋِﺪ‬
ً َ َ َْ
‫ﻣﻮﻋﺪة‬
ٌ َ ً َ ُ َ َ َ
‫ﺟﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ وا‬ ‫ﺟ ﺪة‬ِ ‫ﻳﺪ‬ِ ‫َوﺟﺪ‬ To find
‫وﺟﺪ‬ ً ُْ َ
‫وﺟﻮدا‬
ٌُْ َْ ً َ ُ َ ُْ َ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺟ ﺪة‬ ِ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
ِ ‫و‬
ً ُْ َ
‫وﺟﻮدا‬
ُْ ُْ % َُْ ُ % ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ِﻣﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َْ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺪ‬ِ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ِ
ً َْ
‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻮ‬
ً َ َْ
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺪة‬
ٌ َ ً َ ُ َ َ َ
‫اﺻﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ و‬ ‫ِﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺼﻒ‬ ‫َوﺻﻒ‬ To describe/ascribe
‫وﺻﻒ‬ ً ْ َ
‫وﺻﻔﺎ‬
ٌْ ُ َْ ً َ ُ َ ُْ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬ ‫ِﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ُو ِﺻﻒ‬
ً ْ َ
‫وﺻﻔﺎ‬
ُْ ُ % َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫َواﻟﻈ ْﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َْ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﺼﻒ‬ ‫ِﺻﻒ‬
ٌ َْ
‫ﻣﻮ ِﺻﻒ‬
ٌ َ َ َْ
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻔﺔ‬
ٌ ًَ ُ َ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َوارِث‬ ‫رِﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺮث‬ ‫َورِث‬ To inherit
ً ْ
‫ورث‬ ‫إِرﺛﺎ‬
ً ْ
‫ِورﺛﺎ‬

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 ‫ ‪Bayyinah Access 2‬‬ ‫ ‪- 4 -‬‬

‫‪Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf‬‬

‫ ‪version 0.3‬‬
‫َْ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ ُر ْوث‬ ‫ِرﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ ِرث‬ ‫ُو ِرث‬ ‫ ‬
‫ْ ً‬
‫إِرﺛﺎ‬
‫ً‬
‫وِرﺛﺎ‬
‫َ ‪ُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َْ ُْ‬
‫وِاﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ٌ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻣﻮ َرث‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﺮث‬ ‫ِرث‬
‫َْ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ِرث‬
‫َْ ًَ‬
‫ﻣﻮ َرﺛﺔ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ََ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َواﻗ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﻗ ِﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻊ‬ ‫َوﻗﻊ‬ ‫ ‪To occur‬‬
‫َُْ ً‬
‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫وﻗﻮﺨ‬
‫َْ ً‬
‫وﻗﻌﺎ‬
‫َُْْ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫َُْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ع‬ ‫ﻗ ِﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ُوﻗ ِﻊ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ُُْ ً‬
‫وﻗﻮﺨ‬
‫َْ ً‬
‫وﻗﻌﺎ‬
‫َ ‪ُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َْ ُْ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ِﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ٌََْ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻊ‬
‫َْ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗ ِﻊ‬
‫ٌَََْ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ و ِ‬ ‫ِﺿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ﻀﻊ‬ ‫َوﺿﻊ‬ ‫ ‪To place‬‬
‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫َ ْ ً‬
‫وﺿﻌﺎ‬
‫َْ ُ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ُْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ ع‬ ‫ِﺿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ُو ِﺿﻊ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َ ْ ً‬
‫وﺿﻌﺎ‬
‫َ ‪ُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َْ ُْ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ َ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬
‫َْ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ِﺿﻊ‬
‫َْ َ ٌَ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َواﻫ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺐ‬ ‫ﻫِﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬ ُﺐ‬ ‫َوﻫ َﺐ‬ ‫ ‪To gift‬‬
‫وﻫﺐ‬ ‫َ ْ ً‬
‫وﻫﺒﺎ‬
‫َْ ُْ ٌ‬ ‫ًَ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ُوﻫ َ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻫﻮب‬ ‫ﻫِﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻫ ُﺐ‬ ‫ِﺐ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َ ْ ً‬
‫وﻫﺒﺎ‬
‫َ ‪ُْ ُْ %‬‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ُ %‬‬ ‫َْ ُْ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻫ ٌﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻬ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺐ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ِﻫ ٌﺐ‬
‫َْ ٌََ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ‬

‫ ‬
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 Bayyinah Access 2 - 5 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3
ٌ ًَ ُ ََ َ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َوا ِﺳﻊ‬ ‫ِﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﻊ‬ ‫َوﺳﻊ‬ To encompass
ََ َ
‫وﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
ً ْ ُ
‫وﺳﻌﺎ‬
ٌ ْ ُ َْ ًَ ُ َ ُْ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻮ ع‬ ‫ِﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ُو ِﺳﻊ‬
ََ َ
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
ً ْ ُ
‫وﺳﻌﺎ‬
ُْ ُْ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َْ ْ ََ ْ َ
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻊ‬
ٌ َْ
‫ﻣﻮ ِﺳﻊ‬
ٌَ َ َْ
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬
FAMILY § No change
2, 3, 5, 6
FAMILY 4, 10 § Vowel in the ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬is changed, based on the harakah (◌, ُ
َ ِ◌ or ◌) before it.
ٌ ُْ ً َْ ُ ُْ َ َ َ
‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫إ ِﻳﺎدا‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ‫أ ْوﺟﺪ‬ To produce/create
ٌ َ ُْ ً َْ ُ َ ُْ َ ُْ
family 4 ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫إ ِﻳﺎدا‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫أو‬
ُْ ُ % َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َُْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻗﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ ُْ ْ ُْ ْ ْ
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ِ ‫أو‬
ٌ َْ ْ ُ ً َْ ْ ُ َْ َْ َََْ ْ To kindle/ignite
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻗ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﻴﻘﺎدا‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻗ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬
ٌََْ ْ ُ ً َْ ْ َُ ْ َ ْ ُ َ َْ ُْ
family 10 ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﻴﻘﺎدا‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮﻗ ِﺪ‬
ُْ ُ % َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َُْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻗﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌََْ ْ ُ ْ َْ َْ ْ َْ ْ
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻗ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﻮﻗ ِﺪ‬
FAMILY 7, 9 § Does not exist in ‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬
§ ّ
If the first root letter is ‫ ء و‬or ‫ت‬, then it is merged with the extra ‫ ت‬with shadda (◌).
FAMILY 8
§ Check the dictionary to find the hidden root letter.
ٌ %ُ ً َ ِّ ُ %َ َ %
‫وﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺤﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ‬ ‫ا ِﺗﺎدا‬ ‫ﺤﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺘ‬ ‫ا ِﺗَﺪ‬ To be one/united
ٌ َ %ُ ً َ ِّ ُ َ %ُ َ ُّ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﺗﺎدا‬ ‫ﻓﺘ ﺤ ﺪ‬ ‫اﺗِﺪ‬
ُْ ُ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻗﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ %ُ ْ %َ ْ %
‫ﻣﺘ ﺤ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺤﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘ‬ ‫ا ِﺗِﺪ‬

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 Bayyinah Access 2 - 6 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3

َ ْ َ
2 ‫ أﺟﻮف‬The vowel ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬is the middle root letter
ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING
§ Past tense always has an ‫ ا‬in the middle
§ Present tense has any vowel in the middle, depending upon the family 1 clans
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬is found through the dictionary
ٌ َ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬replaces the vowel with a ‫ء‬. It follows a pattern: ‫ ﻓﺎﺋ ِﻞ‬
َْ
FAMILY 1 § Past passive ONLY takes the “ee” sound. It follows a pattern: ‫ ﻓِﻴﻞ‬
َُ ُ َُ
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬ § Present passive takes “u-a” sound. It follows a pattern: ‫ ﻓﻔﺎل‬
ٌ َُ ٌْ َ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬follows a pattern: ‫( ﻣﻔﻮل‬for ‫ )و‬or ‫( ﻣ ِﻔﻴﻞ‬for ‫ )ي‬
§ ْ
Lightest present tense (‫ )ﻣﺰوم‬drops a vowel, if two sukoons (◌) come together
ٌَ ََ ٌ ََ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻇﺮف‬has two patterns: ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬and ‫ ﻣﻔﺎل‬
§ The ‫ ا‬is never a root letter
ٌ َ ً َ َُُْ َ َ
To speak/say
‫ﻗﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺋ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮ ل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬
ٌَُْ ً َْ ُ َُ َْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﻮ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻗِﻴﻞ‬
ُْ ُْ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫و اﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ ََ َُْ ُْ
‫ﻣﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‬
ٌَ ََ
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
ٌ َ ًَ َ ُْ َ َ َ To increase
‫زﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ زاﺋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِزﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫زاد‬
ٌْ َ ًَ َ ُ ُ َْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ِﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ِزﻳﺎدة‬ ‫ﻳ َﺰاد‬ ‫ِزﻳﺪ‬
ُْ ُْ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻣ َﺰاد‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﺰد‬ ‫ِزد‬
ٌَ َ
‫ﻣ َﺰادة‬
ٌ َ ً َْ ُْ َ َ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﺋ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒِﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎع‬ To sell
‫ﺑﻴﻊ‬ ً ََْ
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎ‬
ٌْ َ ً َْ ُ َُ َْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺒِﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻧِﻴﻊ‬
ً ََْ
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎ‬
ُْ ُ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ ََ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻣﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺒِﻊ‬ ‫ﺑِﻊ‬
ٌ َ ََ
‫ﻣﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
َ ً َْ ُ ََ َ َ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﺎﺋ ٌِﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ To sleep
‫ﻧﻮم‬ ً َ
‫ﻏِﻴﺎﻣﺎ‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ٌَُْ ً َْ ُ َُ ْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻮم‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎم‬ ‫ﻏِﻴ َﻢ‬
ً َ
‫ﻏِﻴﺎﻣﺎ‬
ُْ ُ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ ََ ْ ََ ْ َ
‫ﻣﻨﺎم‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬
ٌَ ََ
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻣﺔ‬
َ ً َْ ُ ُْ َ َ َ
‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺋ ٌِﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ﻜﻮ ن‬ ‫ﻛن‬ To be
ٌ ْ ُ َ ً َْ ُ َ ُ َ ْ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎن‬ ‫ِﻴ‬
ُْ ُ % َ َُْ ُ % َ ُْ ْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ُ
‫ﻣﻜن‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻦ‬
ٌَ َ َ
‫ﻣ ﻜﻧ ﺔ‬
ٌ َ ً ْ َ ُ ْ َُ َ َ
‫ﺳﻮق‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺎﺋ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﻮ ق‬ ‫ﺳﺎق‬ To herd/drive
ٌ ْ ُ َ ً ْ َ ُ َُ َْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﻮق‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎق‬ ‫ِﺳﻴﻖ‬
ُْ ُ % َُْ ُ % َ ُْ ْ
‫َواﻟﻈﺮف ﻣِﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻗﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫واﺠ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َ ْ َُ ْ ُ
‫ﻣﺴﺎق‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻖ‬
ٌَ َ َ
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺔ‬
َ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ ّ ٌ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ ٰ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ٰ % َ ۖ ً َ ُ َ % َ َ َٰ ۟ٓ ُ َ َ َ % َ َ
‫ﺂءوﻫﺎ ﻓﺘِﺤﺖ أﺑ َﻮﺑﻬﺎ َوﻗﺎل ﻟﻬﻢ ﺧ َﺰﻏﺘﻬﺂ أﻟﻢ ﻳﺄﺗ ِﻜﻢ ُرﺳﻞ ِﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﺘﻠﻮن‬ ‫ إِذا ﺟ‬k‫ِﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮوا إِﻟ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ زﻣﺮا ◌ ﺣ‬œ‫و ِﺳﻴﻖ ٱ‬
Ref: َ َٰ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ْ % َ ْ َٰ َ َ َ ۟ ُ َ ۚ َ َٰ ْ ُ َْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ ُ َ ْ ُ ّ َ َٰ َ ْ ُ َْ َ
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ﴾٧١﴿ ‫اب ﻟ ٱﻟﻜـ ِﻔ ِﺮﻳﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻜﻦ ﺣﻘﺖ ﻛِﻤﺔ ٱﻟﻌﺬ‬ ٰ ‫ﺖ رﺑ ِﻜﻢ وﻳﻨﺬِروﻧﻜﻢ ﻟ ِﻘﺂء ﻳﻮ ِﻣﻜﻢ ﻫـﺬا ◌ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ وﻟـ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ءاﻳـ‬
39: 71-72
َ ّ َ َُْ ََْ َ ْ َ َ َ َٰ َ % َ َ َ َٰ ْ َ ۟ ٓ ُ ُ ْ َ
﴾٧٢﴿ ‫ﺒﻳﻦ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﻗِﻴﻞ ٱدﺧﻠﻮا أﺑﻮب ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺧـ ِﺘِﻳﻦ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ۖ◌ ﻓﺒِﺌﺲ ﻣﺜﻮى ٱﻟﻤﺘﻜ‬
(After the judgement has been passed) the unbelievers shall be driven in companies to Hell so that when they arrive there, its
gates shall be thrown open and its keepers shall say to them: “Did Messengers from among yourselves not come to you,
about people
rehearsing to you the Signs of your Lord and warning you against your meeting of this Day?” They will say: “Yes indeed; but
being herded to
‫ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬ the sentence of chastisement was bound to be executed against the unbelievers.”﴾٧١﴿ It will be said: “Enter the gates of

Hell. Herein shall you abide.” How evil is the abode of the vainglorious! ﴾٧٢﴿
ٌ َ ً ُ َ ُ ََ َ َ
‫ﺧﻮف‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﺋ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎف‬ ‫ﺧﺎف‬ To fear (for future)
َ ً َْ ُ َُْ َ َ
‫ﻓﻮز‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺎﺋ ٌِﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻮزا‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻮ ز‬ ‫ﻓﺎز‬ To win
َ ً َُُْ َ َ
‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺋ ٌِﻢ‬ ‫ﻗِﻴﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ To stand
َ ًَ َ ُ َُ َ َ
‫ﺗﻮب‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﺎﺋ ٌِﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬ To repent
ٌ َ ً َْ ُ َ َ َ
‫ﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺪا‬ ‫ﻜﻴﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛد‬ To plot
ٌ َ ًْ َ
‫¬ء‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋ ِﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺄ‬ ‫ ُء‬- ْ َ‫ﻳ‬ َ ‫َﺟ‬
‫ﺎء‬ To come
ِ ِ
ٌ َ ً َ ُ َ َ َ
To take a nap
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺋ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋ ِﻼ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬
FAMILY 2, 3, § No change
5, 6
§ In past tense, the vowel is replaced by an ‫ ا‬
FAMILY 4, 10 § In present tense, the vowel is replaced by a ‫ ي‬
§ The ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬ends with a ‫ ة‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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َُْ ًَ َ ْ ُ َ ََ
‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻘﻴ ٌﻢ‬ ‫إِﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻘﻴ ُﻢ‬ ‫أﻗﺎم‬ To straighten
ٌْ ُ ًَ َ ُْ ُ َ َ
‫رﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳ ِﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫إِرادة‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫أ َراد‬ To want
ْ ُ ًَ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ
‫ﺟﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻴ ٌﺐ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫إ ِﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻴ ُﺐ‬ ِ ‫أﺟﺎب‬ To answer
ٌ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘﻘ ْﻴﻢ‬ ً َ ْ ُ‫ﻳ َ ْﺴ َﺘﻘ ْﻴﻢ‬ َ ََ ْ To rise
‫ﻗﻮم‬ ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬ ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﻘﺎم‬
ٌ‫ﺴﺘﺠ ْﻴﺐ‬ َ ُ ًَ َ ْ ُ‫ﻳ َ ْﺴ َﺘﺠ ْﻴﺐ‬ َ َ َ ْ To seek an answer
‫ﺟﻮب‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﺠﺎب‬
FAMILY 7, 8 § In past & present, the vowel is replaced by ‫ ا‬throughout
ٌ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﻣ ْﻨ َﻬﺎر‬ ً ْ ُ ‫َﻓ ْﻨ َﻬ‬ َ ‫ا ِْﻏ َﻬ‬
‫ﻫﻮر‬ ‫ا ِﻧ ِﻬﻴﺎرا‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﺎر‬ To be demolished
ٌ ََْ ً َ ْ ُ ََْ َ َْ
‫ﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫ا ِﻣﺘِﻴﺎزا‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫ا ِﻣﺘﺎز‬ To stand out

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ُ
3 ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬ The 2nd & 3rd root letters are the same. Does not involve vowels

ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING

ُّ َ %
ّ
§ Past & present tense ends in shadda (◌) à ‫ ﻳ َﺮد‬- ‫ َرد‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬is found in dictionary
ٌ َ ± َ ّ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬follows a ‫ ﻓﺂع‬pattern à ‫( رآد‬If an ‫ ا‬appears before ◌, then it is change to ‫ آ‬for a stretch)
%ُ
§ Past passive has ONLY “UU” sound à ‫ رد‬
FAMILY 1 ُّ ُ
َُ Present passive has “UU-AA” sound à ‫ ﻳ َﺮد‬
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬
§
ٌ ُ َ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬follows a normal ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬pattern à ‫ ﻣ ْﺮد ْود‬
ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ ْ ُ َ ُ ُ َ ُّ َ % َ ْ ُ ْ ُ ِّ % ّْ َ ُّ َ % َ ِّ َ % َ
§ Command has 3 forms à (‫)رد – ﻳ َﺮد – ﻳ ْﺮدد – ﺗ ْﺮدد – ردد – اردد‬ ‫)رد – ﻳ َﺮد – ﺗ َﺮد = َرد – َرد( – اردد‬ ‫ رد – رد‬
ُْ َ ِّ َ % َ
§ Forbidding has 3 forms à ‫ ﻻ ﺗ َﺮد – ﻻ ﺗ َﺮد – ﻻ ﺗﺮدد‬
ٌ% ََ ± َ ±ََ ٌ% َ ± َ ± َ
ّ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻇﺮف‬follows the ‫ ﻣﻔﻞ ﻣ ِﻔﻞ ﻣﻔﻠﺔ‬pattern, with ◌ on the last root letter à ‫ ﻣ َﺮد – ﻣ ِﺮد – ﻣ َﺮدة‬
± ³ ُّ َ %
‫ردد‬ ‫َرآد‬ ‫َردا‬ ‫ﻳ ُﺮد‬ ‫َرد‬ To return/reject
± َ َ
ً َ ً َ ُّ َ % َ
‫ﺿﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺂل‬ ‫ﺿﻼل و ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻞ‬ To go astray
َ% َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ََ ْ َ َْ ََ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ َ % َ ُ َ % َ َ % َ ُ َ % َ ْ َ َ ُ ُ َ ِّ ُ %
‫( أو ﻳﻬﻞ ﻟ‬٨) ‫( أو أﺟﻬﻞ‬٧) ‫( أو أﻇﻠﻢ‬٦) ‫( أ ْو أﻇﻠ َِﻢ‬٥) ‫( أ ْو أزل‬٤) ‫( أ ْو أ ِزل‬٣) ‫( أ ْو أﺿﻞ‬٢) ‫( أن أ ِﺿﻞ‬١) ‫ أﻋﻮذ ﺑِﻚ‬kِ‫ﻢ إ‬% ‫اﻟﻠﻬ‬
O Allah! I seek refuge in Thee lest I stray or be led astray, or slip or made to slip, or cause injustice, or suffer injustice, or do
‫دﺨ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﷺ‬
wrong, or have wrong done to me.
ََْ َُ
- ‫( ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻬﻮل ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ أﻧﺎ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ )أﻓﻌﻞ‬٨) (٦) (٢) (٤) ‫ﺮد‬% ‫( ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ أﻧﺎ ﻣ‬٧) (٥) (٣) (١)
(٤
± َ ًَ َ ُّ ُ َ %َ
To point/indicate
‫دﻟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ دآل‬ ‫د ﻻﻟ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل‬ ‫دل‬
ٌ ُْ ْ َ ًَ َ ُّ َ ُ %ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺪﻟﻮل‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪل‬ ‫دل‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ٌ َ َ % ََ %َ
‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪل‬ ‫دل‬
ٌ ِّ َ ِّ َ َ ِّ َ
‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪل‬ ‫دل‬
ٌَ َ َ ُْ َ ُْ ُ
‫ﻣ ﺪﻟ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪﻟﻞ‬ ‫ادﻟﻞ‬
َ َ َ َ َ ُّ %
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﷺ‬ The one who points to goodness is as he did it ‫ ا¿ال ﻟ اﻟﻴِ ﻛﻔﺎ ِﻋﻠِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺿر‬ ± ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﺿ‬
‫ﺂر‬ ³ َ
‫ﺿا‬ ُّ ُ َ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺿ‬% َ To harm
ٌ َ َ َ % َ ُ ََ
Allah uses one word to cover two meanings. First, active ‫ﺂر ﻛﺗ ٌِﺐ َوﻻ ﺷ ِﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻀ‬
Gem: 02:282 translation with “should not harm”. The 02:282 is the
% َُ
‫اﻛﻘﺮة‬ longest ayah in Quran and is called ‫آﻳﺔ دﻳﻦ‬
َ َ ٌ َ َٰ % َ ُ َ
Gem: 02:233 Second, passive translation with “should not be harmed”. ‫¿ة ﺑ ِ َﻮ¿ِﻫﺎ‬ِ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﺂر و‬
± َ ³ َ ُّ ُ َ % َ To think / firm believe
‫ﻇﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻇﺂن‬ ‫ﻇﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻈﻦ‬ ‫ﻇﻦ‬
َ ُّ ُ َ َ % َ َ
‫اﻛﻘﺮة‬ Ref: 02:249 ‫ِﻳﻦ ﻓﻈﻨﻮن‬ œ‫ ﻗﺎل ٱ‬
± َ ³ َ ُّ ُ َ % َ To turn away/hinder
‫ﺻﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺂد‬ ‫ﺻ ﺪا‬ ‫ﻳ ﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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‫ﻏﺮر‬ ٌ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﻏ‬

‫ﺂر‬ ً ‫ُﻏ ُﺮ‬
‫ورا‬
َُ
‫ﻓﻐ ُّﺮ‬
َ
‫ﺮ‬% ‫ﻏ‬ To delude
َٰ ْ َ َ َ % ُ ُّ َ َ َ % % ُ َ َ
‫آل ﻋﻤﺮان‬ Ref: 03:196 ‫ِﻳﻦ ﻛﻔ ُﺮو ۟ا ِﻓ ٱﻛِﻠـ ِﺪ‬œ ‫ﻻ ﻓ ﻐ ﺮﻧ ﻚ ﻳ ﻘﻠ ﺐ ٱ‬
َٰ ْ ْ ُ ُ ُّ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ۟ ُ َ َ َ % % % َ ٓ ُ َُٰ َ
‫ﻟﻓﺮ‬ Ref: 40:04 ‫ِﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮوا ﻓﻼ ﻓﻐﺮرك ﻳﻘﻠﺒﻬﻢ ِﻓ ٱﻛِﻠـ ِﺪ‬œ‫ﺖ ٱﻟﻠـ ِﻪ إِﻻ ٱ‬ ِ ‫ﻓ َءاﻳ ٰـ‬ِ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳـ ِﺪل‬
± %ُ ُّ َ َ %َ
‫ودد‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َوآد‬ ‫ودا‬ ‫ﻳﻮد‬ ‫ود‬ To love/want
± َ ³ َ ُّ َ َ % َ To touch
‫ﻣﺴﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺂس‬ ‫ﻣ ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ ﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺲ‬
± َ ³ َ ُّ ُ َ % َ
‫ﺷﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﺂك‬ ‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ To doubt
± َ ³ َ ُّ ُ َ % َ To split
‫ﺷﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﺂق‬ ‫ﺷ ﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﻖ‬
± َ ³ َ ُّ ُ َ % َ To prevent
‫ﺻﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺂد‬ ‫ﺻ ﺪا‬ ‫ﻳ ﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬
FAMILY 2, 5 § No change
§ Fuses the last two root letters
FAMILY 3
§ In past passive, the ‫ ا‬changes to a ‫ و‬
± َ ُ ً% َ ُ ³ َ ُّ َ ُ % َ
‫ﺷﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺎق‬ ‫ِﺷﻘﺎﻗﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﺎق‬ To create dispute
± َ ُ ً% َ ُ ³ َ ُّ َ ُ % ْ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺸﺎق‬ ‫ِﺷﻘﺎﻗﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﻮ ق‬
‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ال اﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
% َُ % َ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺸﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﺎق‬
± َ ُ ِّ َ ُ ِّ َ
‫ﻣ ﺸﺎ ق‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺸﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﺎق‬
ْ َُ ْ َ
‫ﻻﺗﺸﺎﻗ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻗ ِﻖ‬
َ ْ ُ َ َ % % َ َُ ُ َ َ َ % َُ َ َ
‫اﻻﻧﻔﺎل‬ Gem: 08:13 ﴾١٣﴿ ‫ﺎب‬
ِ ‫ۥ ﻓﺈِن ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﺷﺪِﻳﺪ ٱﻟ ِﻌﻘ‬Ì‫وﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎﻗ ِِﻖ ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ورﺳﻮ‬
َ ْ ُ َ َ % % َ َ % ّ َُ َ َ
‫اﻟﺸ‬ Gem: 59:04 ﴾٤﴿ ‫ﺎب‬ ِ ‫ﺂق ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﻓﺈِن ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﺷﺪِﻳﺪ ٱﻟ ِﻌﻘ‬
ِ ‫وﻣ ﻦ ﻳ ﺸ‬
All uses two forms of this work in these ayahs. In the first one, He uses the form with two ‫ ق‬as the ayah is involving both ‫اﷲ ﷻ‬
and the ‫( رﺳﻮل ﷺ‬two). In the second ayah, ‫ اﷲ ﷻ‬uses only one ‫ ق‬when only ‫ اﷲ ﷻ‬is involved.
§ Fuses the last two root letters
§ ْ
In the past, the sukoon (◌) is there due to the ( ّ
◌) in the end
FAMILY 4 ْ ْ َ
§ Remember! The command has a ‫ أ‬à Example ‫ أﺳﻠِﻢ‬
§ The family 4 is transitive à meaning it affects someone else
± ُ ً َ ْ ُّ ُ % َ َ To make someone
‫ﺿﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ِﻀﻞ‬ ‫إِﺿﻼﻻ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﻀﻞ‬ ‫أ ﺿﻞ‬
lose way
± َ ُ ً َ ْ ُّ َ ُ % ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻀﻞ‬ ‫إِﺿﻼﻻ‬ ‫ﻳ ﻀﻞ‬ ‫أ ِﺿﻞ‬
‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
% ُ % َ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﻀﻞ‬ ‫أ ِﺿﻞ‬
± َ ُ ِّ ُ ِّ َ
‫ﻣ ﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﻀﻞ‬ ‫أ ِﺿﻞ‬
ْ ْ ُ ْ َ
‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻠِﻞ‬ ‫أ ِﺿﻠِﻞ‬
§ Fuses the last two root letters
FAMILY 6
§ Two groups cooperating together
± َ َُ ³ َ ُّ َ َ َ % َ
‫ﺗَﺎﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺗَﺎج‬
To argue against each
‫ﺣﺠﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎج‬
other / to debate
± َ َُ ³ َ ُّ َ َ ُ % ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﺗَﺎﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﺗُﻮج‬


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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

% َ ََ % َ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﺗَﺎج‬
ٌ َ َُ ِّ َ َ َ ِّ َ
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺎج‬ ‫ﺗَﺎج‬
ْ َ َ ََ ْ َ َ
‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﺟﺞ‬ ‫ﺗَﺎﺟﺞ‬
§ Fuses the last two root letters
FAMILY 7 § The meanings in family 7 are always intransitive à meaning it affects oneself
§ No passives, therefore no ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
± َ َ ً َ ُّ َ َ % َ To be split/to burst
‫ﺷﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫ِﻧﺸﻘﺎﻗﺎ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﻧﺸﻖ‬
open
ً َ
No ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ِﻧﺸﻘﺎﻗﺎ‬ِ ‫ا‬ No passive No passive
‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
% َ َ % َ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﻧﺸﻖ‬
± َ ُ ِّ َ َ ِّ َ َ
‫ﻣﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻖ‬
ْ َ َ ْ َ
‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺸ ِﻘﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﻧﺸ ِﻘﻖ‬
ْ % َ ُ َ % َ
‫اﻟﺸﻘﺎق‬ Ref: 84:02 When the sky is rent asunder ﴾١﴿ ‫ﺂء ٱﻧﺸﻘﺖ‬ ‫إِذا ٱﻟﺴﻤ‬
FAMILY 8 § Fuses the last two root letters
±َ ُ ً َ ْ ُّ َ َ %َْ
‫ردد‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِرﺗ ِﺪادا‬ ‫ﻳ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِرﺗﺪ‬ To withdraw/retreat
±َ ُ ً َ ُّ َ ُ % ُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِرﺗ ِﺪادا‬ ‫ﻳ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗ ِﺪ‬
‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
%َ َ %َْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِرﺗﺪ‬
ٌَ ُ ِّ َ َ ِّ َ ْ
‫ﻣ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ْﺮﺗﺪ‬ ‫ا ِرﺗﺪ‬
ْ َ َ ْ ََْ
‫ﻻ ﺗ ْﺮﺗﺪِد‬ ‫ارﺗﺪِد‬
§ Fuses the last two root letters
َْ َْ َ َْ ْ
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ‬- ‫ ا ِﺳﺘﻐﻔ َﺮ‬
FAMILY 10 ْ
§ In past & present, the first root letter does not have a sukoon (◌) à Example, like in
± َ ْ ُ ً َ ْ ْ ُّ َ ْ َ % َ َ ْ To be entitled / to
‫ﺣﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﺤﻘﺎﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﻳ ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﺤﻖ‬
claim
± َ َ ْ ُ ً َ ْ ْ ُّ َ َ ْ ُ ُّ َ ْ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﺤﻘﺎﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﺘ ﺤ ﻖ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ا‬
‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
% َ َْ % َ ْ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘ‬
± َ َ ْ ُ ِّ َ ْ َ ِّ َ ْ
‫ﻣ ﺴﺘ ﺤ ﻖ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﻖ‬ ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘ‬
ْ ْ َ َْ ْ ْ َ ْ
‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺤ ِﻘﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﺤ ِﻘﻖ‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ْ َ
4 ‫ﻧﺎﻗ ِﺺ‬ The last root letter is a vowel (at the end)

ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING

§ Past tense ends with a vowel. It could be hidden behind ‫ ى‬or ‫ ا‬
o ‫( ى‬alif ‫ )ﻣﻘﺼﻮرا‬à indicates the vowel is ‫ ي‬
§ ‫( ي‬with dots) is written when there is a kasra ( ِ◌) on the letter before it
§ ‫( ى‬without dots) is written when there is a fatha (◌)
َ on the letter before it
َ
o ‫( ا‬alif ‫ )ﻣﺪودا‬à indicates the vowel is ‫ و‬
o In ‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬, if the ‫ ﻫﻮ‬form ends in ‫ ى‬or ‫ ◌( ا‬sound), then the ‫ ﻫﻢ‬and ‫ اﻧﺘﻢ‬forms take the AW
َ
َْ َ َ َ
sound instead of OO sound à Example, ‫ ﻃﻐﻮا‬instead of ‫ ﻃﻐ ُﻮا‬
§ ْ
Present tense ends with a vowel having a sukoon (◌).
FAMILY 1
َُ o In ‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬, if the ‫ ﻫﻮ‬form ends in ‫ ى‬or ‫ ◌( ا‬sound), then the ‫ ﻫﻢ‬and ‫ اﻧﺘﻢ‬forms take the AW
َ
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬ َ َ َْ َ ُ َْ
sounds instead of OO sound à Example, ‫ ﻓﻬﺪ ْون‬instead of ‫ ﻓﻬﺪ ْون‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬is found in the dictionary.
َ
§ ٍ ‫ ﻓ‬pattern à vowel missing in the end
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬follows the ‫ﺎع‬
َ ُ
§ Past passive always ends with ‫ ي‬and follows the ‫ﻌ‬َ ِ ‫ ﻓ‬pattern à UU-E sound
َ ُْ
§ Present passive always ends with ‫ ى‬and follows the ‫ ﻓﻔﻌ‬pattern à U-AA sound
ُ َْ ± ِ ‫ ﻣ ْﻔ‬when the vowel is ‫ ي‬
َ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬follows the ‫ﻮ‬± ‫ ﻣﻔﻌ‬when vowel is ‫و‬, and ‫ﻌ‬
§ Command & forbidding drops the vowel (last root letter) to make lightest (‫ )ﻣﺰوم‬
ً َْ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻇﺮف‬follows the ‫ ﻣﻔﻌ‬pattern
َ ً ُ ْ َْ َ َ To guide
‫ﻫﺪي‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻫﺎ ٍد‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ى‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺪِي‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ى‬
± َْ ً ُ َ ُْ َ ‫ُﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻬﺪِي‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ى‬ ‫ﻓﻬ ﺪ ى‬ ‫ِي‬
ًْ َ َْ ْ
‫ﻣﻬ ﺪ ى‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻬ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ِﻫ ِﺪ‬
Ref: َ َ
‫ ِل‬+ ‫ﻫﺪى‬ Guide to the path
01:06 َ َ َ
َ ْ ُْ َ َ ّ َ ْ
(encapsulates ‫ﺴ َﺘ ِﻘ ْﻴ َﻢ‬
‫ إﻟ‬+ ‫ﻫﺪى‬ Guide to & along the path
‫ﺎﺗَﺔ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼاط اﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫ا ِﻫ ِﺪﻧﺎ‬ ََ َ َ
all the ‫ ﻟ‬+ ‫ﻫﺪ ى‬ Guide on the path
meanings) َ َ
‫ ب‬+ ‫ﻫﺪ ى‬ Guide by means of the path
ْ‫ﻫﻢ َﻫ َﺪوا‬ َ َ َ
‫ﻫﻤﺎ ﻫﺪﻳﺎ‬
َ َ
‫ﻫﻮ ﻫﺪى‬
َْ َ َ % ُ ََ َ ْ َ َ
‫ﻫ ﻦ ﻫ ﺪﻓ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ ﻫﺪﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ ﻫﺪ ت‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ ﻣﺎض‬ ُْ َ َ َُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
‫اﻧﺘﻢ ﻫﺪﻓﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﻫﺪﻳﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺖ ﻫﺪﻳﺖ‬
َ َ
‫ﻫﺪ ى‬ %ُْ َ َ %ُ َُْ َ َ ْ َ َ
‫اﻧﺘ ﻫﺪﻓﺘ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﻫﺪﻓﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ِ ‫اﻧﺖ ﻫﺪﻳ‬ ِ
َْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ
‫ﻧﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻫ ﺪﻳ ﺖ‬

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‫‪Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf‬‬

‫ ‪version 0.3‬‬
‫َْ ُ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺪ ْون‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻬ ِﺪﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺪِي‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺪِﻓ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪِﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪِي‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻬ ﺪو ن‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪِﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪِي‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺪِي‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪِﻓ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺪِﻓ َﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪِﻳ ِ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ْ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﻏﻬﺪِي‬
‫أﻫﺪِي‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ د ٍ‬ ‫ُد ً‬ ‫َْ ُْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ ‪To call‬‬
‫دﻋﻮ‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ﺨء‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ‬ ‫دﺨ‬
‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ُد ً‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ُد ِ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺪﻋ ‪±‬ﻮ‬ ‫ﺨء‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َ ً‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ُْ ُ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻋ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪع‬ ‫اد ع‬
‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻫﻢ دﻋﻮا‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ دﻋ َﻮا‬‫ﻫﻮ دﺨ‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪َ ْ َ %‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﻫ ﻦ د ﻋﻮ ن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ دﻗﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻫ دﻋ ﺖ‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ ﻣﺎض‬ ‫َ َُْ‬ ‫َ ََُْ‬ ‫َ َ َْ َ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻢ دﻋﻮﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ دﻋﻮﻳﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻧﺖ دﻋﻮت‬ ‫ ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫دﺨ‬ ‫ُ‪% َُْ َ %‬‬ ‫َ ََُْ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫اﻧﺘ دﻋﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ دﻋﻮﻳﻤﺎ‬
‫ت‬
‫اﻧﺖ دﻋﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َ ََْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﻧﻦ دﻋﻮﻧﺎ‬‫أﻧﺎ دﻋﻮت‬
‫َْ ُْ َ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬
‫َْ ُْ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ ن‬ ‫ان‬
‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ‬
‫َْ ُْ َ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ ن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫َْ َُ‬
‫َْ ُْ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫َْ ُْ َ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬
‫َ ْ ُْ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ ن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ُْ‬
‫ﻳﺪ ﻋﻮ‬ ‫َْ ُْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ َُ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ ن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻗِﻴ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ﻋﻮ ِ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ُْ‬ ‫ْ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧﺪ ﻋﻮ‬
‫أد ﻋﻮ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫ ‪Ref: 12:33‬‬ ‫ﻨ إِ‪ِ â‬ﻪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ٱﻟﺴ ْﺠ ُﻦ أ َﺣ ُّﺐ إ ِ َ ‪%‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻣ ‪ِ%‬ﻤﺎ ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﻋﻮﻧ ِ ٓ‬ ‫َ َ َ ّ ّ‬
‫ﻗﺎل ر ِب ِ‬
‫ْ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ر‪ä‬‬ ‫اض‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ر ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ِر‪ n‬و ِرﺿ َﻮاﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﺮ‪n‬‬ ‫‪ä‬‬ ‫َر ِ َ‬ ‫ ‪To be please‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﻣ ْﺮ ُ ‪±‬‬ ‫ْ ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫‪ä‬‬ ‫رِ‪ n‬و رِﺿ َﻮاﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﺮ‪n‬‬ ‫‪ä‬‬ ‫ُر ِ َ‬ ‫ ‬
‫َْ ً‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺮ‪n‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ْﺮض‬ ‫ارض‬ ‫ ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ْ ٓ َٰ َ ّ َ َ ً ‪% %‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‪Ref: 89:28‬‬ ‫اﺿﻴﺔ ﻣ ْﺮ ِﺿﻴﺔ ﴿‪﴾٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻚر ِ‬ ‫ﺟ ِﻌ إِﻟ رﺑ ِ ِ‬
‫ٱر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ ً‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺟﺮي‬ ‫ﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟ ٍ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳ ِﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﺮى‬ ‫ ‪To run‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ً‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧ‪n‬‬ ‫ﺎس‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧ ِﺴﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ ‪n‬‬ ‫ﻧ ِ‪n‬‬ ‫ ‪To forget‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ً‬ ‫ﻓﻌ ِ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻋ‪è‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺨ ٍص‬ ‫ﻋِﺼﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫ﻋ‪ê‬‬ ‫ ‪To disobey‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ً‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ﺧ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺧ‪n‬‬ ‫ﺎش‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧ ﺸﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫ ‪To fear‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُْْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻋﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺨ ٍف‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻮا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻗ ﻔﺎ‬ ‫ ‪To forgive‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ ً‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ء‪î‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ أ ٍت‬ ‫إِﻳﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ ْ‬
‫ﺆﺗ‬ ‫أ‪ñ‬‬ ‫ ‪To come‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َْ ً‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ ‪To transgress / go‬‬
‫ﻃﻐ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃ ٍ‬
‫ﺎغ‬ ‫ﻃﻐﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻄ ﻐ‬ ‫ﻃﻐ‬
‫ ‪out of bounds‬‬
‫اﺠﺎزﺨت‬ ‫ ‪ words. Recite the surah to practice this concept.‬ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ‪Ref: 79 This surah contains a lot of‬‬
‫§‬ ‫ ة ‪ has a‬ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ ‪FAMILY 2‬‬ ‫ُ ‪ö‬‬
‫§‬ ‫ ﻣ َﺰك ‪ drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à‬اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‪This work is a voluntary effort & not intended for sale. It can be freely distributed & used 100% free of charge.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪TO DOWNLOAD THIS DOCUMENT, ITS PREVIOUS VERSIONS OR TO REPORT CORRECTIONS, PLEASE VISIT https://goo.gl/NtkDDz‬‬
 Bayyinah Access 2 - 14 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3
³ ُ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ ﻣ َﺰﻛ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
§ This family is transitive (‫ )ﻣﺘﻌﺪي‬à affects someone or something

‫زﻛ‬
ö ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﺰك‬
ًَ َ
‫ﺗ ْﺰﻛ ِﻴﺔ‬ ْ ِّ ‫ﻳُ َﺰ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫زﻛ‬
%َ To purify someone
/ something
³ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﺰﻛ‬
ًَ َ
‫ﺗ ّﺰﻛ ِﻴﺔ‬
% ُ
‫ﻳ َﺰﻛ‬ َ ِّ ‫ُز‬
ù
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ ُ ِّ ُ ِّ َ
‫ﻣ َﺰﻛ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ َﺰك‬ ‫زك‬
ö ُ ًَ َ ْ ِّ ‫ﻳُ َﺮ‬ %
‫رﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﺮب‬ ‫ﺗ ْﺮﺑِﻴﺔ‬ ú û‫َر‬ To bring up / raise
³ ُ ًَ َ % ُ َ ِّ ‫ُر‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﺮب‬ ‫ﺗ ْﺮﺑِﻴﺔ‬ û‫ﻳ َﺮ‬ ú
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ ُ ِّ ُ ِّ
‫ﻣ َﺮب‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ َﺮب‬ ‫َرب‬

ü‫و‬
ö ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﻮل‬
ً َْ
‫ﺔ‬âَ ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ْ ِّ ‫ﻳُ َﻮ‬
ü
%
ý‫َو‬
To turn someone
(transitive, ‫ )ﻣﺘﻌﺪي‬
ً ُ ً َْ % ُ َ ِّ ‫ُو‬
ý‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺔ‬âَ ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ý‫ﻳ َﻮ‬ ü
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ ُ ِّ َ ِّ
ý‫ﻣ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ َﻮل‬ ‫َول‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬usually ends with ‫ اء‬
َُ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ ﻣﻨﺎ ٍد‬
FAMILY 3 ً َُ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ى‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺎد‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
َُ ً َ َُ َ ْ َُ َ َ
‫ﻧﺪي‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﺎ ٍد‬ ‫ﻧ ِﺪا ٍء و ﻣﻨﺎداة‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎدِي‬ ‫ﻧﺎدى‬ To call
ً َُ ً َ َُ َ َ َُ ُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﺎدى‬ ‫ﻧ ِﺪا ٍء و ﻣﻨﺎداة‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎدى‬ ‫ﻧﻮد َِي‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َُ َُ َ
‫ﻣﻨﺎدى‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎ ِد‬ ‫ﻧﺎ ِد‬
³ َ ً َ ُ%َ ٰ َ َ ْ
‫اﻟﺮﻳﻢ‬ Ref: 19:03 when he cried to his Lord in secret. ﴾٣﴿ ‫آء ﺧ ِﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫إِذ ﻧﺎدى رﺑﻪۥ ﻧ ِﺪ‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬usually ends with ‫ اء‬
ْ ُ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ ﻣﻠ ٍﻖ‬
FAMILY 4 ًْ ُ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ ﻣﻠﻘ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
ْ ُ ً ‫إﻟْ َﻘ‬ ْ
ْ ِ ‫ﻳُﻠ‬ ََْ
‫ﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻠ ٍﻖ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻘ‬ To throw
ًْ ُ ً ‫إﻟْ َﻘ‬ َُْ ُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ﻳﻠ ﻘ‬ َ ِ ‫أﻟ‬
‫ﻘ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ًْ ُ ُْ َْ
‫ﻣﻠ ﻘ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻠ ِﻖ‬ ‫أﻟ ِﻖ‬

This work is a voluntary effort & not intended for sale. It can be freely distributed & used 100% free of charge.

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 Bayyinah Access 2 - 15 -

Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

version 0.3
ََْ َ َْ ََْ
‫أﻟﻘﻮا‬ ‫أﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻖ‬
َ ْ ‫َأﻟْ َﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬
َ ََْ
‫أﻟ ﻘﺘﺎ‬
ْ ََْ
‫أﻟ ﻘ ﺖ‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬ ُْ ََْ َُْ ََْ َ ََْ
‫أﻟ ﻘﺘ ﻢ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻘﻴﺘ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻘ ﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎض‬
% ُ ََْ َُْ ََْ ََْ
‫أﻟ ﻘ ﺘ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻘﻴﺘ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ِ ‫أﻟ ﻘ‬
َ ََْ ُ ََْ
‫أﻟ ﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫أﻟ ﻘ ﺖ‬
َ ُُْْ َ ُْ ْ ِ ‫ﻳُﻠ‬
ْ
‫ﻳﻠﻘﻮ ن‬ ‫ﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﻳﻠ ِﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫ﻳُﻠْﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻠ ِﻘﻴﺎ ِن‬
َ ُْ
‫ﻘ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺗُﻠ‬
ْ
ِ
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬ َ ُُْْ َ ُْ ْ
‫ﺗﻠﻘﻮ ن‬ ‫ﺎن‬ِ ‫ﺗﻠ ِﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺗُﻠ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ َ ْ ‫ﺗُﻠْﻘ‬ َ ُْ َ ْ ‫ﺗُﻠْﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻠ ِﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ
ْ ُْ
‫ﻘ‬ْ ِ ‫ﻧُﻠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ِ ‫أﻟ‬
ْ َُْ َ َْ َْ
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬ ‫أﻟﻘﻮا‬ ‫أﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫أﻟ ِﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ اﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫َأﻟْﻘ‬ َ َْ
‫أﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ْ ِ ‫أﻟ‬
َْ
ِ
َ ُْْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ
‫ﻣﻠﻘﻮ ن‬ ‫ﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻠ ِﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ ٍﻖ‬
‫ﺻف ﻛﺒﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫ُﻣﻠْﻘ‬ َْْ ُ ًْ ُ
‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ ﻖ‬
‫اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ َ ْ ‫ُﻣﻠْﻘ‬ َْْ ُ ْ ُ
‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ ٍﻖ‬
ö ََُ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ﺘك‬ ‫ ﻣ‬
ً ³ َ َ ُ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ ﻣﺘك‬
FAMILY 5 ً ِّ َ َ
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬gets a kasra ( ِ◌) à ‫ﻴﺎ‬#‫ ﺗﺰ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
ö ََُ ً ِّ َ %َََ % َ
‫زﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘك‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬#‫ﺗ َﺰ‬ ‫ﺘﻛ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺗ َﺰﻛ‬ To purify yourself
³ ََُ ً ِّ َ %ََُ َ ِّ ‫ﺗُ ُﺰ‬
‫ﺘك‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬#‫ﺗ َﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻛ‬ ù
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ ََُ % َََ % َ
‫ﺘك‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘك‬ ‫ﻻﻳ‬ ‫ﺗ َﺰك‬
ö َُ ِّ َ % ََ % َ To turn oneself
ü‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮل‬ ‫ًﺎ‬â‫ﺗ َﻮ‬ ý‫ﻓﺘ َﻮ‬ ý‫ﺗ َﻮ‬
(intransitive, ‫ )ﻻزم‬
³ َُ ِّ َ % َُ َ ِّ ‫ﺗُ ُﻮ‬
ý‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬â‫ﺗ َﻮ‬ ý‫ﻓﺘ َﻮ‬ ü
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ َُ % ََ % َ
ý‫ﻣﺘ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘ َﻮل‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮل‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫اص‬ ََُ
§ ٍ ‫ ﻣﺘﻮ‬
ً َُ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à n‫ ﻣﺘ َﻮا‬
FAMILY 6 ً ِّ َ
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬gets a kasra ( ِ◌) à ‫ﻴﺎ‬#‫ ﺗ َﺰ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
ََُ ً َ َ ََ َ َ
%‫و‬ ‫اص‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮا ِﺻﻴﺎ‬ n‫ﻓﺘ َﻮا‬ n‫ﺗ َﻮا‬ To advice each other

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ً َُ ً َ َ َ َُ َ ِ ‫ﺗُ ُﻮ ْو‬
n‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮا‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮا ِﺻﻴﺎ‬ n‫ﻓﺘ َﻮا‬ %‫ا‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َُ َ ََ َ َ
n‫ﻣﺘ َﻮا‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘ َﻮاص‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮاص‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬usually ends with ‫ اء‬
FAMILY 7 َُْ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ﻣﻨﺒ ٍﻎ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
‫ﺑﻐ‬
َُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﺒ ٍﻎ‬ ً ‫ا ِﻧْﺒ َﻐ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻳَﻨْ َﺒ‬
‫ﻐ‬
ََْ
‫ا ِﻏﺒﻐ‬
ِ To be appropriate
No ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﺎء‬ً ‫ا ِﻧْﺒ َﻐ‬
ِ No passive No passive
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮﻣﻨﻪ‬
ًَُْ ََْ َْ
‫ﻣﻨﺒ ﻐ‬ ِ‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺒﻎ‬ ِ‫ا ِﻏﺒﻎ‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬usually ends with ‫ اء‬
َُْ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ﻣﺒﺘ ٍﻞ‬
FAMILY 8 ًَُْ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻠ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
َُْ َ ْ ََْ
‫ﺑﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺒﺘ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ا ِﺑﺘِﻼ ًء‬ ْ ‫ﻳَﺒْ َﺘ‬
‫ﻠ‬ ‫ا ِﻧﺘﻠ‬ To put to test
ِ
ًَُْ َ ْ َ َُْ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺒﺘﻠ‬ ‫ا ِﺑﺘِﻼ ًء‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘ ﻠ‬ َ ِ ‫ا ْﻧ ُﺘ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ًَُْ ََْ َْ
‫ﻣﺒﺘ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺒﺘ ِﻞ‬ ‫ا ِﻧﺘ ِﻞ‬
§ ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬usually ends with ‫ اء‬
َْ ْ ُ
§ ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬drops the vowel and gets kasratain ( ٍ◌) à ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌ ٍﻞ‬
FAMILY 10 ً َْ ْ ُ
§ ً
‫ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬gets the fathatain (◌) à ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻠ‬
§ Command and forbidding drops the vowel
َْ ْ ُ َْ ْ
‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻌ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﻌﻼ ًء‬ ْ ‫ﻳ َ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ‬
‫ﻠ‬
َ َْ ْ
‫ا ِﺳﺘﻌﻠ‬ To rise / master
ِ
ً َْ ْ ُ َْ ْ َ َْ ُْ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘِﻌﻼ ًء‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﺘﻌ ﻠ‬ َ ِ ‫ا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻌ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َْ ْ ُ َْ َْ َْ ْ
‫ﻣ ﺴﺘﻌ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌ ِﻞ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﻌ ِﻞ‬
َْ ْ ُ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﺸ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻳ َ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐ‬ َ َْ ْ To seek to cover
n‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻐ ٍﺶ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ n n‫ا ِﺳﺘﻐ‬
oneself
ً َْ ْ ُ
n‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻐ‬ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﺸ‬
‫ﺎء‬
َ َّ ُْ
n ‫ﻳ ﺴﺘﻐ‬ nَ ِ ‫اُ ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻐ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َْ ْ ُ َْ َْ َْ ْ
n ‫ﻣ ﺴﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻐ ِﺶ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘﻐ ِﺶ‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ْ َ
5 ‫ﻟ ِﻔﻴﻒ‬ Two root letters are vowels (1st or 3rd OR 2nd or 3rd)

§ 1st and 3rd root letters are vowels

ٌ ُ َ ْ َ
‫ﻔﺮ ْوق‬ ‫ﻟ ِﻔﻴﻒ ﻣ‬ O The 1st root letter is always ‫و‬

O The 3rd root letter is always ‫ي‬
‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬+ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
§ It is more closer to ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING
§ From ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
o Present tense drops the vowel.
FAMILY 1
َُ o The vowel returns in present passive.
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬ § Everything else as in ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
st nd
§ Command & forbidding drops 1 vowel like ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬and 2 vowel like ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
َ ًَ َ ْ ِ َ‫ﻳ‬
َ
)‫و‬ ‫اق‬
ٍ ‫و‬ ‫ِوﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ *‫َو‬ To protect
± ‫َﻣ ْﻮ‬ ًَ َ َ ُْ َ ‫ُو‬
) ِ ‫ِوﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬ * ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ) ِ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َْ َ
* ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﻖ‬ ‫ِق‬
َ ًَ ْ َ‫ﻳ‬ َ ‫َو‬ To follow / come
ü‫و‬ ‫ال‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ و‬ ‫ِوﻻﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ِ ü ِ after
± ‫ﻓﻬﻮ َﻣ ْﻮ‬ ًَ َ ُْ َ ‫ُو‬
ü ِ ‫ِوﻻﻳﺔ‬ ý ‫ﻳﻮ‬ ü ِ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َْ َ
ý ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ِﻞ‬ ‫ِل‬
FAMILY 2, 3, 5, § Follows ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
6
ö ُ ًَ َْ ْ ِّ ‫ﻳُ َﻮ‬ %
+‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﻮف‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓِﻴﺔ‬ + ,‫َو‬ To pay in full
³ ُ ًَ َْ % ُ َ ِّ ‫ُو‬
family 2 ,‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓِﻴﺔ‬ ,‫ﻳ َﻮ‬ +
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ وﻧﻪ‬
³ ُ ِّ ُ ِّ
,‫ﻣ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ َﻮف‬ ‫َوف‬
َُ ً َ َُ ً َ ْ ِ ‫ﻳُ َﻮ‬ َ
+‫و‬ ‫اف‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ِوﻓﺎء و ﻣﻮاﻓﺎة‬ ‫اﻓ‬ ‫َواﻓ‬ -
ً ُ ً َ َُ ً َ َ ُ َ ‫ُو ْو‬
family 3 ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ َﻮاﻓ‬ ‫ِوﻓﺎء و ﻣﻮاﻓﺎة‬ ‫ﻳ َﻮاﻓ‬ + ِ (unavailable in dictionary)

‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

ً ُ ُ
‫ﻣ َﻮاﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﺗ َﻮ‬
‫اف‬ ِ ‫َو‬
‫اف‬
ُْ ً َ‫إ ْﻳ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻳُ ْﻮ‬ َ َ
.‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ ٍح‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ . p‫أ ْو‬ To inspire
ُ
ً ُْ
p‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ‬ ً‫إ ْﻳَﺎء‬ َ ُْ
p ‫ﻳﻮ‬ َ ِ ‫أ ْو‬
.
family 4 ِ


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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

ً ُْ ُْ َ
p ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻮ ِح‬ ‫أ ْو ِح‬
§ In family 4, it is only used for prophets
ABOUT .‫و‬
§ In family 1, it is used for prophets and others, both
ö َُ ً ِّ َ % ََ % َ
+‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮف‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ‬ ,‫ﻓﺘ َﻮ‬ ,‫ﺗ َﻮ‬ To be taken up
³ َُ ً ِّ َ % َُ َ ِّ ‫ﺗُ ُﻮ‬
family 5 ,‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮﻓﻴﺎ‬ ,‫ﻓﺘ َﻮ‬ +
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
³ ََُ %َََ % ََ
, ‫ﻣﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮف‬ ‫ﺗﻮف‬
َ َ % َ ْ َ َ ُ َ
َ œ‫ِﻳﻦ ٱﻳﺒﻌﻮك ﻓﻮق ٱ‬% % ُ َ
َ œ‫وا َوﺟﺎﻋِﻞ ٱ‬ َ َ % َ ّ َ ُ
َ œ‫ﻟ َوﻣﻄﻬ ُﺮك ﻣ َِﻦ ٱ‬ % َ ِ‫ﻚ إ‬ َ ُ َ َ َ ّ َ َ ُ ّ ٰ َ َٰ ُ % َ َ ْ
Ref: ‫ِﻳﻦ ﻛﻔ ُﺮ ٓو ۟ا‬ ۟ ‫ِﻳﻦ ﻛﻔ ُﺮ‬ ِ ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻓ ِﻴﻚ وراﻓ ِﻌ‬2ِ ِ ‫ إ‬n‫إِذ ﻗﺎل ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﻳـ ِﻌﻴ‬
03:55 َ ُ ََْ ْ ُ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ %َ % ُ ۖ َ ٰ َ ْ ِ ْ َ َٰ
﴾٥٥﴿ ‫ﺟﻌﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻓِﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﺗﺘﻠِﻔﻮن‬ ِ ‫إِﻟ ﻳﻮم ٱﻟ ِﻘﻴـﻤ ِﺔ ◌ ﻋﻢ إِﻟ ﻣﺮ‬
‫آل ﻋﻤﺮان‬
ِ
Remember when Allah said, “O Eisa! I will keep you alive till your full age, and raise you towards Me, and cleanse you of the
disbelievers and give your followers dominance over the disbelievers until the Day of Resurrection; then you will all return to
Me, so I shall judge between you concerning the matter in which you dispute.”
ََُ ً َ َ ََ َ َ
‫ﺗ َﻮاﻏِﻴﺎ‬ 2‫ﻓﺘ َﻮا‬ 2‫ﺗ َﻮا‬
To be relaxed / slack
‫وﻳ‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﻮ‬ / weak
ً َُ ً َ َ َُ َ ‫ﺗُ ُﻮ ْو‬
family 6 2‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ َﻮا‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮاﻏِﻴﺎ‬ 2‫ﻓﺘ َﻮا‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ِ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َُ َ ََ َ َ
2‫ﻣﺘ َﻮا‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘ َﻮان‬ ‫ﺗ َﻮان‬
)‫و‬
%ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘ ٍﻖ‬ ً ‫ا ِِّﻳ َﻘ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺘ‬% ‫َﻓ‬
‫ﻘ‬ ‫ا ِﻳﻘ‬
َ% To protect
ً ‫ا ِِّﻳ َﻘ‬ ُ
family 8
ً%ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺎء‬
َ%ُ
‫ﻓﺘ ﻘ‬ ‫ﻘ‬َ ِ ُّ‫اﺗ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً%ُ %َ %
‫ﻣﺘ ﻘ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘ ِﻖ‬ ‫ا ِﺗ ِﻖ‬
َ ُ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻔ‬ ْ ‫ﻳ َ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻮ‬ َ َْ ْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘ ُﻮ ٍف‬
To demand dues in
+‫و‬ ‫ﺎء‬ + ِ ,‫ا ِﺳﺘﻮ‬
full
ً َْ ْ ُ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻔ‬ َ َْ ُْ َ ‫اُ ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻮ‬
family 10 ,‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ , ‫ﻳ ﺴﺘﻮ‬ + ِ
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً َْ ْ ُ َْ َْ َ ْ
, ‫ﻣ ﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻮ ِف‬ ‫ﻮف‬ِ ‫ا ِﺳﺘ‬

§ The 2nd and 3rd root letters are vowels

§ The 2nd root letter is treated normally
ٌ َْ ْ َ o Generally, 2nd root letter will be ‫ و‬
‫ﻟ ِﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻘ ُﺮ ْون‬ o Very occasionally it will be ‫ ي‬
َ + ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫أﺟﻮف‬ rd
§ The 3 root letter will be ‫ ي‬
§ Very rare in the Quran
§ This irregularity is treated like ‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING
FAMILY 1 § The 2nd root letter is treated normally

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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َُ
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬
َ ³ َ ْ َْ َ
‫ﻃﻮي‬ ‫ﺎو‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻄ ِﻮي‬ ‫ﻃ َﻮى‬ To fold
± َْ ³ ُْ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻄ ِﻮي‬ ‫ﻃِﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻄ َﻮى‬ ‫ﻃ ِﻮ َي‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ً ‫َﻣ ْﻄ‬ َْ ْ
‫ﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻄ ِﻮ‬ ‫ا ِﻃ ِﻮ‬
َ ُ ْ ُ % َ َٰ ٰ َ َ َ ُ َ ٰ َ ْ ُ ۚ َ ٌ ٰ % ْ َ ُ َٰ ٰ َ % َ َ ٰ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ُ َ ْ َ ً َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ % َ َ % ۟ ُ َ َ َ َ
Ref: 39:67 ﴾٦٧﴿ ‫ﻮن‬#‫ﺸ‬
ِ ‫وا ٱﻟﻠـﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺪرِۦه ِ وٱﻷرض ﺟِﻴﻌﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﺘ ۥﻪ ﻳﻮم ٱﻟﻘِﻴـﻤ ِﺔ وٱﻟﺴﻤـﻮت ﻣﻄ ِﻮﻳـﺖ ﻧِﻴ ِﻤﻴﻨِ ِۦﻪ ◌ ﺳﺒﺤـﻨ ۥﻪ وﻳﻌـﻠ ﻗﻤﺎ ﻳ‬ ‫و ﻣﺎ ﻗ ﺪ ر‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ They did not recognise the true worth of Allah. (Such is Allah's power that) on the Day of Resurrection the whole earth will
be in His grasp, and the heavens shall be folded up in His Right Hand. Glory be to Him! Exalted be He from all that they
associate with Him.
َ ³َ َْ َ
‫ﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺨ ٍي‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌ َﻴ‬ ‫ﻗ َﻴ‬ To get tired
³َ No passive No passive
No ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

ً ‫َﻣ ْﻌ‬ َْ ْ
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
ِ ‫ﻻﻳ‬ ‫ِﻋ‬
ِ ‫ا‬
FAMILY 2, 3, 4, § Not used in the Quran
5, 6 § Review page 75 of the Access 2 text book for Sarf
FAMILY 7 § The 2nd root letter is treated normally
‫ﻋﻮي‬
َُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻌ ٍﻮ‬ ً ‫ا ِﻧْ ِﻌ َﻮ‬
‫اء‬
ْ َ َ
‫ﻳﻨﻌ ِﻮي‬
َْ
‫ا ِﻏﻌ َﻮى‬ To become bent
No ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ً ‫ا ِﻧْ ِﻌ َﻮ‬
‫اء‬ No passive No passive
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
َُْ ََْ َْ
‫ﻣﻨﻌ ًﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﻌ ِﻮ‬ ‫ا ِﻏﻌ ِﻮ‬
FAMILY 8 § The 2nd root letter is treated normally
َ ْ ُ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ َﻮ‬ َ َْ َ
‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘ ٍﻮ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘ ِﻮ َي‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘ َﻮ َى‬ To raise
َ ْ ُ ً ‫ا ِْﺳﺘِ َﻮ‬ َ ُْ ُ ُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺴﺘ ًﻮى‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘ َﻮى‬ ‫اﺳﺘ ِﻮ َي‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
َ ْ ُ َ َْ َ ْ
‫ﻣﺴﺘ ًﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘ ِﻮ‬ ‫ا ِﺳﺘ ِﻮ‬
§ Not used in the Quran
FAMILY 10
§ Review page 76 of the Access 2 text book for Sarf

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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ْ ُ ْ َ One of the root letters is a ‫ء‬

6 ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬

The 1st root letter is ‫ء‬

ROOT LETTERS IRREGULARITIES & SARF MEANING
§ The command drops the ‫ ء‬
FAMILY 1 ٌ
َُ
‫ﺮد‬% ‫ﻣ‬ § ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬may look similar to ‫ أﺟﻮف‬pattern ‫ﻓﺎﺋﻞ‬
o Knowledge of vocabulary will help in differentiation
ٌ ً ْ َ ُ ُ َْ ََ َ To eat
‫ءﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ آﻛِﻞ‬ ‫أﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﺄ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫أﻛﻞ‬
ٌُْ َْ ً ْ َ ُ َ ُْ َ ُ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺄﻛﻮل‬ ‫أﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﺄ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫أﻛِﻞ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ٌَ َْ ْ ُ َْ ُْ
‫ﻣﺄ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺄ ﻛ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
ٌ َْ ُْ َ
‫ﻣﺄﻛِﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﻜﻞ‬
ٌَ َ َْ
‫ﻣﺄ ﻛﻠ ﺔ‬

The 2nd root letter is ‫ ء‬

ٌ َ ً َ َ َُ َْ ََ َ To ask
‫سءل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺎﺋ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺆاﻻ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﺄ ل‬ ‫ﺳﺄ ل‬
ٌ ُ ْ َ ً َ َ َُ ُْ َ ُ
‫ﻣﺴﺆ ْول‬ ‫ﺳﺆاﻻ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺴﺄ ل‬ ‫ﺳﺌِﻞ‬
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
ٌَ ْ َ َْ َ ْ َ
‫ﻣ ﺴﺄ ل‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗ ﺴﺄ ل‬ ‫ﺳﻞ‬
ٌَ ْ َ
‫ﻣ ﺴﺄ ل‬
ٌََ ْ َ
‫ﻣ ﺴﺄﻟ ﺔ‬

The 3rd root letter is ‫ ء‬

§ No change
‫ﻋﻮي‬
َُْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻌ ٍﻮ‬ ً ‫ا ِﻧْ ِﻌ َﻮ‬
‫اء‬
ْ َ َ
‫ﻳﻨﻌ ِﻮي‬
َْ
‫ا ِﻏﻌ َﻮى‬ To become bent
No ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ً ‫ا ِﻧْ ِﻌ َﻮ‬
‫اء‬ No passive No passive
‫واﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫واﺠﻬ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
َُْ ََْ َْ
‫ﻣﻨﻌ ًﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﻌ ِﻮ‬ ‫ا ِﻏﻌ ِﻮ‬
FAMILY 2 – 10 § Review page 75 of the Access 2 text book for Sarf

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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َُْ
Some additional notes on ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬
1 ‫( أ‬hamza) is NOT same as ‫( ا‬alif)

2 Hamza can be written in many forms, such as, ‫ء أ إ ؤ ئ‬

3 The ‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬irregularity does not cause too many problems in different families

4 ‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬in families 2 to 10, does not act any different than any other root letter
ً َْ ُ َ
5 The biggest difference is in family 4, such as, ‫آﻣ َﻦ – ﻳﺆﻣ ُِﻦ – إِﻓﻤﺎﻧﺎ‬, which was covered in Access 1

6 In family 1, ‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬largely tend to be normal as well, and completely normal when ‫ ء‬is at the end
ُْْ ْ َ
With ‫ ء‬in the middle, the command & forbidding may sometimes drop it. For example, as in 07:163 (‫ & )وﺳ َٔـﻠﻬﻢ‬
7 َ َ ْ ٓ َ ْ َ
02:211 (‫ﺳءِﻳﻞ‬ ِ ‫ )ﺳﻞ ﺑ ِﻨ إ‬

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Summary of Advance & Irregular Sarf

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Appendix
1 All errors reported are now addressed and fixed.
2 The topics are now separated as separate chapters for easy navigation and clarity.
َ
3 The chapter on ‫ ﻧﺎﻗ ِﺺ‬is now complete.
ْ َ ُ َ
4 Two new chapters on ‫ ﻟ ِﻔﻴﻒ‬and ‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬are now added and completed.
5 Additional notes for the ‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻮز‬irregularity are added.
6 New vocabulary, references and gems are added.
7 The table of contents is updates.
8 A Quranic reference from ‫ ﺳﻮرة اﻛﻘﺮه‬is added on the title page.

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