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Home » class9science-extra » Extra Questions for Class 9th: Ch 5 The

Fundamental Unit of Life Science

Extra Questions for Class 9th:

Ch 5 The Fundamental Unit of
Life Science
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Extra Questions for Class 9th: Ch 5 The

Fundamental unit of Life (Science) Important

Questions Answer Included

Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs): 1 Mark

Q1. Plasma membrane is made up of which two

components?
Answer
Plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.

Q2. What is hypotonic solution?

Answer
A solution having solute concentration lower than that of the
cell sap is called hypotonic solution.

Q3. What is hypertonic solution?

Answer
A solution having solute concentration higher than that of the
cell sap is called hypertonic solution.

Q4. What is isotonic solution?

Answer
A solution having solute concentration same as that of the
cell sap is called isotonic solution.

Q5. Cell wall is made up of which component?

Answer
Cell wall is made up of cellulose.

Q6. Give an example of unicellular organism.

Amoeba, Bacteria, Paramecium. (Any one)

Q7. Give an example of multicellular organism.

Answer
Fungi, plants, animals. (Any one)

Q8. What is active transport?

Answer
The movement of molecules across a membrane in cells
against a concentration gradient with the help of ATP units is
called active transport.

Short Answer Questions-I (SAQs-I) : 2 Marks

Q1. Cell size may range from a few micro metre to a metre.
Support this statement with the help of examples.

Answer

Many cells are visible only under a microscope

Example: Mycoplasma is the smallest cell and longest cell in
human body is nerve cell or neuron.

Q2. What is plasmolysis? What happens to a plasmolysed

cell when it is placed in water?

Answer

Shrinkage of protoplast from the cell wall in presence of

hypertonic solution due to exosmosis is know as
plasmolysis. When a plasmolysed cell is placed in water, the
concentration of water in the outside medium is more than
the concentration in the cell. Hence, water moves inside the
cell leading to its swelling.

Q3. What is plasma membrane ? What are its functions?

Plasma membrane also called as cell membrane, is the

outer covering of a cell that separates its contents from the
surrounding medium. It is made up of lipids and proteins,
and provides a mechanical barrier to protect the inner
contents of the cell. It encloses the nucleus and cytoplasm of
the cell.

Q4. What do you mean by a nucleoid?

Answer

In prokaryotes and lower organisms like bacteria, the nuclear

region of the cell may be poorly defined because of the
absence of a nuclear membrane. Such an undefined and
incipient nucleic region containing only naked nucleic acids
without any membrane covering them is called a nucleoid.

Short Answer Questions-II (SAQs-II) : 3 Marks

Q1. (a) Write two points of difference between nuclear region

of a bacterial cell and nuclear region of an animal cell.
(b) Which structure present in the nuclear region of a living
cell bear genes?

Answer

Nuclear region of
Nuclear region of animal cell
bacterial cell
Poorly defined and lacks Well defined and membrane
any covering. bound.
Has single
Lacks true organelles.
chromosome.
Has more than one Well defined membrane bound cell
chromosome. organelles present.

(b) Chromosomes is the structure present in the nuclear

region of a living cell which bear genes.

Q2. (a) Label the parts marked 1, 2, 3 in a prokaryotic cell.

(b) Mention any three features of prokaryotic cells.

Answer
(a) 1 - Cell wall, plasma membrane,
2- Nucleoid,
3 - Cell wall

(b) (i) Lack nuclear membrane.

(ii) Lack cytoplasmic organelles.
(iii) Chlorophyll is associated with membranous vesicles.

Q3. (a) Why is the cell called the structural and functional
unit of life?
(b) Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively
permeable membrane ?
(c) Name the factor which decides the movement of water
across the plasma membrane.

Answer

(a) Because shape and size of cells are related to specific

functions they perform. Cells constitute various components
of plants and animals.

(b) Because it permits exit and entry of some selected

materials in and out of the cells.

(c) Amount of substance dissolved in water or solute

concentration.

Q4. (i) Where are chromosomes present in the cell? What is

their chemical composition?
(ii) How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human?

Answer

(i) Chromosomes are present in the nucleus of a cell. Their

chemical composition is of DNA, RNA and proteins.
(ii) Hum have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Long Answer Questions (LAQs) : 5 Marks

Q 1. (a) What are the consequences of the following

conditions ?
(i) A cell having higher water concentration than the
surrounding medium.
(ii) A cell having lower water concentration than the
surrounding medium.
(iii) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding
medium.
(b) Name the materials of which the cell membrane and cell
wall are composed of.

Answer

(a) (i) When a cell possess higher water concentration than

the surrounding medium then exosmosis occurs in the cell
due to difference in concentration and cell shrinks.

(ii) When a cell has low water concentration than

surrounding medium then endosmosis occurs that results in
the swelling of the cell.

(iii) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding

medium will not show any changes.

(b) Cell wall is composed of cellulose and cell membrane is

composed of lipids and proteins.

Q2. (i) Explain the terms: (a) Endocytosis, (b) Plasmolysis.

(ii) What will happen if the organisation of a cell is damaged
due to certain physical or chemical reasons?
(iii) How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out
of the cell?

Answer

(i) (a) Endocytosis: The flexibility of the cell membrane

enables the cell to engulf food and other materials from its
external environment. Such process is known as
endocytosis.
(b) Plasmolysis: When a living plant cell loses water through
osmosis, there is shrinkage or contraction of the contents of
the cell away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is known
as plasmolysis.

(ii) When the organisation of a cell gets damaged,

lysosomes will burst and their enzymes will eat up their own
cell organelles. Therefore, lysosomes are also known as the
suicidal bags of the cell.

(iii) Gases like CO2 and O2 move in and out of the cell by
diffusion from their higher concentration to lower
concentration. Water enters the cell by endosmosis through
semi-permeable plasma membrane from its higher
concentration to lower concentration. Similarly, water moves
out of the cell by exosmosis when a cell is placed in a
hypertonic solution.

NCERT Solutions of Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of

Life

Notes of Chapter 5 The Fundamental of Life

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