I.

LOCATION

5.51km 5.51km 5.51km 5.51km 5.51km 5.51km

33.04km

General Tinio, Nueva Ecija to Bongabon, Nueva Ecija distance:

33.04km
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3.0 x 108 6000
λ= c / f = PT= 10log
6 x 109 10−3
λ = 0.05 m PT = 67.78dBm

FSL= 20 log ( 4 π 0.06

( 37000 )
) ΔGTX = 20log(f)

+20log(BFt)+1.5
FSL= 137.79 db =
20log(6)+20log(5)+1.5
ΔGTX = 31.04dB

P1= PT P4 = P3 - FSL
P1= 67.78dBm = 98.82dBm – 137.79dB
P2= P1-TLLX P4 = -38.97dBm
= 67.7-0 P5 = P4 + ΔGTX
P2 = 67.78dBm = -38.97dBm + 31.04dB
P3= P2+ ΔGTX P5 = -7.93dBm
= 68.78dBm + 31.04dB P6 = P5 - TLLX
P3 = 98.82dBm = -7.93dBm – 0
P6 = -7.93dBm
RSL = P5= P6 Pin = P1- 30dbW
RSL = -7.93dBm = 67.78-30dbW
Pin = 37.78 dbW
F m= RSL – IT EIRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT
= -7.93dBm – (-90.5) = 37.78dBw – 5 – 4 +
31.04dB
F m = 75.53dbW EIRP = 59.82dBw
HOP 1:
4 πD 4π3
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 57.55dBm
Λ 0.05
2 2
0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( n π 2D ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ 0.052
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E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = 37.78dBw – 5 – 4 + 31.04dB = 59.82dBw

I RL = E IRP - F SL = 59.82 – 57.55= 2.27

Pinput = P1−30 = 67.78-30dbW = 37.78 dbW

HOP 2:
4 πD 4 π (6166.67)(2)
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 132.37dBm
Λ 0.06
2 2
0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( n π 2D ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ 0.052
E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = 37.78-5-4+31.04 = 59.82dBw
I RL = E IRP - F SL = 59.82 – 137.79 = -77.97

Pinput = P2−30 = 67.78 – 30dbW = 37.78 dbW

HOP 3:
4 πD 4 π (6166.67)(3)
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 132.27dB
Λ 0.06

n π 2 D2 0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ2 0.052
E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = 65.3 – 4 – 3 + 37.80 = 59.82dB

I RL = E IRP - F SL = 96.1 – 137.79 = -72.45

Pinput = P3−30 = 95.3 – 30dbW = 68.82dBw

HOP 4:
4 πD 4 π (6166.67)( 4)
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 60.05dB
Λ 0.06
2 2
0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( n π 2D ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ 0.052
E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = -72.49 – 4 – 3 +37.80 = -41.69
I RL = E IRP - F SL = 41.69 – 134.26 = -175.95
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Pinput = P4 −30 = 42.49 - 30dbW = -68.97dBw

HOP 5:
4 πD 4 π (6166.67)(5)
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 136.81dB
Λ 0.06
2 2
0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( n π 2D ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ 0.052
E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = -44.97 – 4 – 3 +37.80 = -14.17
I RL = E IRP - F SL =-14.17– 136.20 = -150.37

Pinput = P5−30 = -7.93dB - 30dbW = -37.93dBw

HOP 6:
4 πD 4 π (6166.67)(6)
F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = F SL=20 log ⁡( ) = 138.39dB
Λ 0.06
n π 2 D2 0.55 π 2 (3)2
G T = 10 log ( ) = 10 log( ) = 42.91
Λ2 0.052
E IRP = Pin-l Bo -l Bp +GT = -72.49 – 4 – 3 +37.80 = -41.69
I RL = E IRP - F SL = 41.69 – 134.26 = -175.95

Pinput = P6−30 = -7.93dB - 30dbW = -37.93dBw

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BUDGET LINK HOP

80
68.82
60

40 37.78 37.78

20

0
Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 5 Hop 6
-20

-40 -37.93 -37.93

-60
-68.97
-80

II. DESIG SPECIFICATION

Table 1. Transmitter-Repeater-Receiver Link Specifications

Site Information Gen. Tinio (A) Guimba (B) Bongabon (C)

Longitude: 121’ 02’35.9” 120’ 47’19.8” 121’ 09’44”

Latitude: 15’ 21’32.7” 15’ 37’20.6” 15’ 38’15.9”

III. DESIGN COMPUTATIONS

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IV. CONDITIONS FOR PUTTING UP A MICROWAVE LINK

Path Length (Site A – Site B): 40 km

Path Length (Site B – Site C): 40 km

V. TOPOGRAPHICAL SITE OF THE MAP

Hop 1: Sampaguita, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija to Tampac I,
Guimba, Nueva Ecija

Hop 2: Tampac I, Guimba, Nueva Ecija to Larcon, Bongabon,

Nueva EcijA

VI. FREQUENCY PLAN

For Hop 1:

Frequency Band: 13 GHz

Frequency Range: 12.75 – 13.25GHz

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For Hop 2:

Frequency Band: 13 GHz

Frequency Range: 12.75 – 13.25GHz

VII. FREE SPACE LOSS

FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (fGHz) (D)
For Hop 1 & Hop 2
LBF: FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (12.75) (40)

=146.55 dB
= 146.86 Db

VIII. RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL

RSL = Po + AGTx + AGRx - CLTx - CLRx - WLTx - WLRx – FSL
For Hop 1
LBF: RSL = 26 + 41.4 + 41.4 – 0.5 – 0.5 – 11.51 – 12.66 – 146.55

= -62.92 dB
HBF: RSL = 26 + 41.8 + 41.8 – 0.5 – 0.5 – 11.51 – 12.66 – 146.55
= -62.92 dB
For Hop 2
LBF: RSL = 26 + 41.4 + 41.4 – 0.5 – 0.5 – 16.11 – 12.66 – 146.55

= -67.52 dB
HBF: RSL = 26 + 41.8 + 41.8 – 0.5 – 0.5 – 16.11 – 12.66 – 146.55
= -67.03 dB
IX. THERMAL FADE MARGIN
TFM = RSL – MRT
For Hop 1
LBF: TFM = -62.92 dB – (-91 dB)

=28.08 dB
= 28.57 Db
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For Hop 2
LBF: TFM = -67.52 dB – (-91 dB)
=23.48 dB
= 23.97 dB

X. NET PATH LOSS

NPL = Power Output – RSL
For Hop 1
LBF: NPL = 26 dB – (-62.92 dB)

= 88.92 dB
= 88.43 dB
For Hop 2
LBF: NPL = 26 dB – (-67.52 dB)

= 93.52 dB
= 93.03 dB
XI. RAIN LOSS
For Hop 1 & Hop 2
LBF:
M = (log 12 – log 12.75)/(log 12 –
log 15) M = 0.27
k = log-1 [(log 0.0335) – (0.27 (log 0.0335 –
log 0.0168))] k = 0.029
α = 1.154 – (0.27)(1.154-1.217)
= 1.17

HBF:

M = (log 12 – log 13.25)/(log 12 – log 15)

M = 0.44
k = log-1 [(log 0.0335) – (0.44 (log 0.0335 –
log 0.0168))]
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k = 0.025
α = 1.154 – (0.44)(1.154-1.217)
α = 1.18

XII. EFFECTIVE RAIN PATH LENGTH

Do = 35 x e -0.015 x R0.01
-0.015 x 180
Do = 35 x e

Do = 2.35

DE = D/ [1 + (D/Do)]

Hop 1:
DE = 40 / [1 + (40/2.35)]
= 2.22
Hop 2:
DE = 40 / [1 + (40/2.35)]
= 2.22

XIII. RAIN ATTENUATION

Hop 1 & Hop

2 LBF:

a. = k (180)α
b. = 0.029 (180)1.17
c. = 12.62

Arain = DE (γ)
Arain = 2.22 (12.62)
Arain = 28.0164 dB
HBF:
γ= k (180)α
γ= 0.025 (180)1.18
γ= 11.46

Arain = DE (γ)
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Arain = 2.22 (11.46)
Arain = 25.4412 dB

XIV. FLAT FADE MARGIN

FMFlat = -10 log[10 (-FMthermal/10) +10 (-FMdiff/10)

For Hop 1
LBF: FMFlat = -10 log[10(-28.08/10) +10 (-28.08/10)

=25.07 dB
= 25.56 dB
For Hop 2
LBF: FMFlat = -10 log[10(-23.48/10) +10 (-23.48/10)

=20.46 dB
= 20.96 dB

XV. K-Q RELIABILITY CALCULATION

U= K-Q x fb xDc (-FMeff/10)

x 10

Hop 1
LBF: U = 1 x 10-9 (12.751.2)(403.5)(10(-28.08/10))
= 1.34 x 10-8
HBF: U = 1 x 10-9 (13.251.2)(40 3.5
)(10(-28.57/10))
= 1.25 x 10-8
Hop 2
LBF: U = 1 x 10-9 (12.751.2)(403.5)(10(-23.48/10))
= 3.85 x 10-8
HBF: U = 1 x 10-9 (13.251.2)(40 3.5
)(10(-23.97/10))
= 3.60 x 10-8
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R = (1 – U) x 100%

For Hop 1
LBF: R = (1 – 1.34 x 10-8) x 100%
= 99.99999866%
HBF: R = (1 – 1.25 x 10-8) x 100%
= 99.99999875%
For Hop 2
LBF: R = (1 – 3.85 x 10-8) x 100%
= 99.99999615%
HBF: R = (1 – 3.60 x 10-8) x 100%
= 99.9999964%

XVI. DATA TABULATION

Table 4. Summary/Data tabulation of the Theoretical
Results
Path Reliability
K-Q Reliability Calculation:
LBF HBF
Hop 1:  99.99999866% 99.99999875% 
Hop 2:  99.99999615%  99.9999964%

K-Q Reliability Calculation w/ Terrain Roughness

  LBF HBF
Hop 1: 99.9999621%  99.99988% 
Hop 2:  99.9999645% 99.999895%

XVII. INTERPRETATION OF DATA RESULTS

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In designing a microwave communication link, the following
should be considered; choosing appropriate frequencies which may be
used for a specific distance, path terrain conditions, factor that affect
microwave signals and the reliability of the link.
In a long haul, the proper of the transmit equipment should be
high enough in order to attain much higher reliability. It is more
difficult also to attain a higher reliability in an over water link because
of higher reflection coefficient, and when the path length is increases
because of the increase in value of free space path loss.
The size of each Fresnel Zone varies based on the frequency of
the radio signal and the length of the path. As frequency decreases,
the size of the Fresnel Zone increases. As the length of the path
increases, the size of the Fresnel Zone also increases. A Fresnel Zone
radius is greatest at the midpoint of the path. Therefore, the midpoint
requires the most clearance of any point in the path.
Upon the completion of this design, I am able to meet the needed
outcomes and conditions regarding the design and able to make a
Point – to –Point Cellular Link System design having a 99.99999%
reliability.