Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics: Module 1: Introduction To Pneumatics
Basic Hydraulics and Pneumatics: Module 1: Introduction To Pneumatics
Pneumatics
PREPARED BY
Module Contents
1 Introduction….. .............................................................................. 3
1.1 What does pneumatic mean…… ................................................ 3
1.2 Defentition of pneumatics… ..................................................... 3
1.3 What is the fluid power… ......................................................... 3
References ......................................................................................... 22
1 Introduction
1.1 What Does Pneumatic Mean?
Pneumatics comes from the Greek word pneuma, which means 'breath or
wind'. It is basically the use of under pressure gas that helps in performing a
certain work in science and technology.
Pneumatics technology has for some considerable time been used in carrying
out the simplest mechanical tasks, but nowadays has played a vital and
important role in automation and development of sophisticated technologies.
2 Applications of pneumatics:
2.1 industrial applications
Pneumatic systems are used in many industrial applications such as:
Material handling
Clamping
Shifting
Positioning
Branching of material flow
Packaging
Filling
Transfer of materials
Sorting of parts
Stamping and embossing of components
Drilling
Turning
Milling
Sawing
Finishing
Forming
3.2 Disadvantages:
1- Preparation: Compressed air requires good preparation. Dirt and
condensates should be removed.
2- Speed: As air is compressible; it is difficult to achieve uniform and
constant piston speed.
3- Force requirement: Compressed air is economical only up to a certain
force requirement. Under the normal working pressure of 600 to 700 kPa
(6 to 7 bar).
4- Noise level: The exhaust air is loud (noise). This problem has now,
however been largely solved due to the development of sound
absorption material and silencers.
Figure 1.1: Pneumatic signal flow and the coreesponding control elements
0Z
(a)
The accumulation of condensate
depends largely on the relative air
humidity. The relative air humidity
is dependent on the air
temperature and the weather
situation. To remove the humidity,
we use many types of air dryers,
the very common and practical one
is by using a cooling unit which
cool the air and at the same time
remove the water vapor. Figure 1.5
(a) and (b) show some examples of (b)
5.2.4 Piping
The pipe diameter of the air distribution system should be selected in such a
way that the pressure loss from the pressurized reservoir to the consuming
device ideally does not exceed approx. 10 kPa (0.1 bar).
Figure 1.6 : (a) shows the ring or loop distribution system. (b) shows the pipe-
run distribution system
6 pneumatic accessories
Other important components that are used in the pneumatic lab
6.1 Manifold (distributor): it is
used to provide multi equal
pressure outlets. Figure 1.10.a
shows a pneumatic manifold
(distributor). Figure 1.10.b
represents the ISO symbol of the
pneumatic manifold.
(a) pneumatic manifold (distributor)
Each output port has check valve
(Non return valve).
6.3 Tubes and fittings (d) ISO symbol of the shut-off valve
Figure 1.10
Activity:
Compare between hydraulics and pneumatics.
References
1. Festo Didactic pneumatic basic level textbook TP 101.
2. Introduction to fluid power by James L. Johnson
3. http://www.omega.com/auto/pdf/CompressedAirTips.pdf
Student notes
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................