Atrophy -1-

Cellular Adaptation

There are three most important adapt changes occurs in the cells
1. Atrophy
2. Hypertrophy
3. Metaplasia

ATROPHY
Decrease the size of cell is called atrophy
Causes:-
a. Decreased work load
It is caused due to decreased workload or disease of skeleton muscle i.e. upper limb
or lower limb muscle.
Example;-When broken limb is immobilized in a plaster cast, due to immobilization
or restriction of movement the oxygen supply is decreased that causes the initial
rapid decease the cell size this is called the disuse atrophy i.e. muscular atrophy of
limbs.

b. Loss of Innervations / Denervation

Normal function of skeleton muscle is dependent on its nerve supply. Damage nerve
leads to rapid atrophy .i.e. paralysis, poliomyelitis.

c. Lake of endocrine stimulation

Reproductive organs and breast depends on the endocrine stimulation for their normal
function. Loss of estrogen stimulation after menopause results in physiologic atrophic
of endometrial, vaginal epithelium and breast

d. Inadequate Nutrition
Profound protein calorie malnutrition leads to skeleton muscle atrophy.i.e. Marasmus

e.Aging (senile Atrophy)

This is normal physiological change in cell due to aging particularly in brain cell and
Heart cells