7-Pile Design - DESIGN CALCULATION REPORT

For Review
A 18 APR 2012 FOR REVIEW H.I.KIM J.B.SEO S.H.JU
Rev. DATE REASON FOR REVISION DRAWN CHECKED APPROVED

EMPLOYER Kenya Electricity Generating Company Ltd.
Stima Plaza, Phase III
Kolobot Road,
P.O. Box 47936 – 00100 GPO,
Nairobi, KENYA
Tel : +254 20 3666000

Fax : +254 20 248848
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Sinclair Knight Merz Ltd
Carlaw Park Commercial,
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NEW ZEALAND
Tel : +64 9 928 5500

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EPC CONTRACTOR
Hyundai Engineering Co., Ltd. Toyota Tsusho Corporation

Hyundai 41 Tower, Mok 1-dong, Yangcheon-gu, 3-13, Konan 2-chome, Minato-ku,
Seoul, KOREA Tokyo, JAPAN
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Fax : +82 2 2643 0773 Fax : +81 3 4306 8908
DRAWN BY DATE PROJECT
H.I.KIM 18 APR 2012
OLKARIA IV GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
DESIGN BY DATE
E.J.LIM 18 APR 2012 TITLE & DESCRIPTION

CHECK BY DATE
DESIGN CALCULATION –
J.B.SEO 18 APR 2012
APPROVED BY DATE BORED CAST IN-SITU PILE

S.H.JU 18 APR 2012
DRAWING SCALE DRAWING No. Rev.
NONE ZP00700-B2CE-ECG-CLC-0001 A
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TITLE : DESIGN CALCULATION - BORED CAST IN-SITU PILE
No. CONTENTS REF.
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 General
1.2 Design Code & Reference
1.3 Design Method
1.4 Design Data
2.0 GEOTECHNICAL PILE CAPACITY
2.1 BH-01
2.2 BH-02
2.3 BH-04
2.4 BH-05
2.5 BH-06
2.6 BH-08
2.7 BH-09
2.8 BH-10
2.9 BH-11
2.10 DBH-01
2.11 DBH-02
3.0 SUMMARY
40
4.0 STRUCTURAL PILE DESIGN
4.1 Cast In Situ PILE ( Φ = 600, L = 15m ) Calculation

5.0 CONCLUSIONS
ATTACHMENT
Attachment-1: Borehole Location

Attachment-2: Borehole Logs
Attachment-3: Pile Drawing
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No. CALCULATION REF.
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 General
For the Olkaria Ⅳ Geothermal Power Plant Project, pile foundation will be needed to support the
buildings and concrete structures depending on sub-soil condition.
The allowable pile capacity was calculated base on soil investigation results which will be submitted
as separate report(Doc No. ZP00700-B2CE-ECG-RPT-0001).
In consideration of sub-soil condition, the various bored pile will be adopted.
1.2 Design Code & Reference
1) BS 8110 : Structural Use of Concrete

2) BS 8004 : Foundations
3) Principles of Foundation Engineering, 6th Edition, Braja M. Das, Thomson Learning, 2007
4) ZP00700-B2CE-ECG-DSC-0001: Design Criteria for Civil and Building Works
5) FHWA-IF-99-025: Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods
1.3 Design Criteria
1) Factor of Safety for End Bearing, FSbearing = 2.0

2) Factor of Safety for Skin Friction, FSfriction = 2.0
3) Factor of Safety for Lateral Load, FSlateral = 2.0
1.4 Design Data
1) Pile
- Type : Bored Pile

- Dimension : D 600 mm
- Modulus of elasticity (Ep) : 25,000 MPa = 25,000,000 kN/m²
- Pile section (Ap) : 0.28 m2
2) Concrete
- Strength at 28 days (fc') : 25 MPa = 25,000 kN/m² (Cube strength)

- Unit weight (γc) : 2,500 kg/m³ = 25.0 kN/m3
- Modulus of elasticity (Ec) : 25,000 MPa = 25,000,000 kN/m²
3) Reinforcement steel (BS 4449)
- Minimum yield strength (fy) : 460 MPa = 460,000 kN/m²

- Modulus of elasticity (Es) : 2.0E+05 MPa = 2.0E+08 kN/m²
- Minimum cover for concrete protection : 60 mm
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2.0 GEOTECHNICAL PILE CAPACITY
2.1 BH-01
2.1.1 Subsoil Conditions
BH-01 Pile Length = 18.0 m G.W.T (m) = 0.0

Depth of layer (m) 1) γ2) N
3)
N604) Su5)
Soil type
from to center (kN/m3) (blow) (blow) (kPa)
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 4 4 17.6
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 5 5 22
-6.0 -9.0 -7.5 Cohesive 13.0 8 8 35.2
-9.0 -11.0 -10.0 Cohesive 13.0 18 18 79.2
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 24 24 105.6
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 35 35 154
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 42 42 184.8
-25.0 ~ Cohesive 184.8
Note: 1) "Cohesive" = clay or plastic sily, "Cohesionless" = sand, gravel or non-plastic silt
2) For cohesionless soil, we couldn't carry out unit weight tests because sampling of
cohesionless soil is very difficult. Therefore, we use typical soil properties in a natural
state and conservartively select soil type.
- Type of soil = Loose angular-grained silty sand

- Natural moisture content in a saturated sta = 25 %
- Dry unit weight, γd = 12 kN/m3
3) SPT N-value obtained from the field test Attachment-2
4) Corrected for hammer energy without overburden pressure correction

N60 = ( ER / 60 ) x N where, ER = SPT energy ratio = 60 %
5) Cohesion of so(take minimum value from following two equations)

K · N where K = 4 kN/m2 (Stroud, 1974)
0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
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2.1.2 Allowable Compression Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)
1) Base Resistance for Compression Loading
a) Cohesive soil
qmax = Nc* x su = 1663.2 kPa
where, Nc* = bearing capacity factor = 9

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
su = average undrained shear strength between the base of the pile and
an elevation 2B below the base
b) Cohesionless soil
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
where, N60 = average SPT blow count between the base of the pile and
an elevation 2B below the base for condition which approximately
60 percent of the potential energy of hammer is transferred
2) Side Resistance for Compression Loading
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su
where, α = a dimensionless correction coefficient defined as follows:

α=0 between the ground surface and a depth of 1.5 m or to the
depth of seasonal moisture change, whichever is deeper
α=0 for a distance of B (the diameter of the base) above the base
α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
α = 0.55 - 0.1 ( su / Pa - 1.5 ) for 1.5 ≤ su / Pa ≤ 2.5 (Mpa)
where, Pa =the atmospheric pressure in the units being used
(e.g., 101 kPa in the SI system).
fmax = β x σ'v
where, σ'v = vertical effective stress at the middle of layer
β = dimensionless correction factor defined as follows:

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
in gravelly sands or gravels
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
where, z = vertical distance from the ground surface to the middle
of layer (in meters)
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Layer N60 su σv' fmax Thick.1) As Qs

β α 2
No. (blow) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (m) (m ) (kN)
1 4 17.6 0.32 4.8 0.55 9.7 1.0 1.9 18.2
2 5 22.0 0.33 14.4 0.55 12.1 3.0 5.7 68.4
3 8 35.2 0.44 23.9 0.55 19.4 3.0 5.7 109.5
4 18 79.2 0.87 31.9 0.55 43.6 2.0 3.8 164.2
5 24 105.6 1.04 38.3 0.55 58.1 2.0 3.8 219.0
6 35 154.0 0.58 44.7 0.55 84.3 2.0 3.8 317.9
7 42 184.8 0.50 52.6 0.52 95.5 2.0 3.8 360.2
8 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 2.0 3.8 0.0
9 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1257.4
Note: 1) Thickness of layer.
4) Allowable compression capacity
Qa = ( qmax x Ap ) / FSbearing + Qs / FSfriction = 863.8 kN
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2.1.3 Allowable Tension Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)
1) Base resistance for uplift loading
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0
Note: 1) qmax should be taken as zero for uplift loading unless experience or load testing at
the construction site can show that suction between the bottom of the drilled shaft
and the soil can be predicted reliably or the drilled shaft has a bell.
2) Side resistance for uplift loading
fmax (uplift) = ψ x fmax (compression)
where, ψ = 1.00 for Cohesive soil

ψ = 0.75 for Cohesionless soil
Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 18.2 1.00 18.2
Cohesive 68.4 1.00 68.4
Cohesive 109.5 1.00 109.5
Cohesive 164.2 1.00 164.2
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 317.9 1.00 317.9
Cohesive 360.2 1.00 360.2
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1257.4
3) Allowable tension capacity
Ta = ( Tp + Ts ) / FSfriction = 628.7 kN
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2.1.4 Allowable Lateral Load Capacity (Broms' Method)
1) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction
a) General soil type1) : Cohesive
Note: 1) Determine the general soil type within the critical depth below the grond FHWA-HI-97-013
surface (about 4 or 5 pile diameters). Chapter 9
b) Average soil parameter with the critical depth
su = 17.6 kPa for Cohesive soil
ϕ = 0.0 deg for Cohesionless soil
1)
where, ϕ = Internal friction angle correleted by Ozaki's equation
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15
c) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction, Kh
Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b =1727.1 kN/m3 for Cohesive soil
where, qu = Unconfined compressive strength = 35.2 kPa
b = Width or diameter of pile = 0.6 m
n1 = Empirical coefficients dependent on qu = 0.32

n1 = 0.32 for less than 48 kPa
n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa
n1 = 0.40 for more than 191 kPa
n2 = Empirical coefficient dependent on pile material = 1.15

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.15 for concrete
n2 = 1.30 for wood
Kh = 0.0 kN/m3 for Cohesionless soil
where, above ground water

Kh = 1900 kN/m3 for loose density
Kh = 8143 kN/m3 for medium density
Kh = 17644 kN/m3 for dense density
below ground water

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2) Pile parameters
a) Modulus of elasticity, E = 25000 Mpa
b) Moment of inertia, I = 0.0064 m4
c) Section modulus, S = 0.0212 m3
d) Embedded pile length D = 18.0 m
e) Diameter or width, b = 0.60 m
f) Ultimate compression strength for concrete, f'c = 25.0 Mpa
g) Eccentricity of applied load for free-headed piles, ec = 0.0
h) Resisting moment of pile for concrete piles, My = fc' S 530.1 kN-m
3) Dimensionless length factor
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.20 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
η = (Kh / EI) = m for Cohesionless soil,
b) Length factor
βh D = 3.62 for Cohesive soil,
ηD = 0.00 for Cohesionless soil,
4) Determine if the pile is long or short
a) Cohesive soil: long pile
where, βh D > 2.25 (long pile)

βh D < 2.25 (short pile)
b) Cohesionless soil: short pile
where, η D > 4.0 (long pile)

η D < 2.0 (short pile)
2.0 < η D < 4.0 (intermediate pile)
→ Soil type = Cohesive

Pile type = long pile
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5) Soil parameters
cu = 17.6 kPa
where, cu = cohesion for cohesive soil
6) Ultimate lateral load (Cohesive, long pile)
My/cub3 = 139.5
ec/b = 0
Qu/cub2 = 57.0 from the below chart
Qu = 361.2 kN
7) Allowable lateral load capacity
Hu = 361.2 kN
Ha = Hu / FSlateral = 180.6 kN
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2.1.5 PILE SETTLEMENT
Elastic Settlement of Pile
se(1) = (Qwp + ξ·Qws) x L / (Ap x Ep)
where, Qwp = load carried at the pile point under working load condition
Qws = load carried by frictional resistance under working load condition
Ap = area of cross section of pile
L = length of pile
Ep = modulus of elasticity of the pile material
ξ = coefficient which will depend on the nature of the distribution of the unit
friction resistance along the pile shaft
conservatively, 0.5
Qwp Qws Ap L Ep se(1)

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 444.7 419.1 0.28 18.0 25000 0.5 1.67
Settlement of Pile Caused by the Load at the Pile Tip (Vesic, 1977)
se(2) = (Qwp x Cp) / (D x qp)
where, qp = ultimate point resistance of the pile

Cp = an empirical coefficient
Type of soil Driven piles Bored piles

Sand (dense to loose) 0.02 - 0.04 0.09 - 0.18
Clay (Stiff to Soft) 0.02 - 0.03 0.03 - 0.06
Silt (dense to loose) 0.03 - 0.05 0.09 - 0.12
D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
(mm) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 600 444.7 1663.2 0.04 17.82
Settlement of Pile Caused by the Load Transmitted along the Pile Shaft (Vesic, 1977)
se(3) = (QwS x CS) / (L x qp)
where, Cs = an empirical constant = [ 0.93 + 0.16 (L / D)0.5 ] Cp
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 18.0 419.1 1663.2 0.07 1.01
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Total Settlement of Pile
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)
where, se(1) = elastic settlement of pile

se(2) = settlement of pile caused by the load at the pile tip
se(3) = settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft
se(1) se(2) se(3) se

Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.67 17.82 1.01 20.50 O.K
Note: 1) se(allowable) = 50.0 mm

Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design, Annex H,
For normal structures with isolated foundations, total settlements up to 50mm are
often acceptable.
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2.2 BH-02

2) 3)
Depth of layer (m) 1) γ N N604) su5)
Soil type 3
from to center (kN/m ) (blow) (blow) (kPa)
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 35 35 154
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 31 31 136.4
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 25 25 110
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-15.0 ~ Cohesive 70.4



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
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a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
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Layer N60 su σv' fmax 1)

Thick. As Qs
β α
No. (blow) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (m) (m2) (kN)
1 35 154.0 1.20 4.8 0.55 84.3 3.0 5.7 476.8
2 31 136.4 0.98 14.4 0.55 75.0 3.0 5.7 424.2
3 25 110.0 1.42 22.3 0.55 60.5 2.0 3.8 228.1
4 21 92.4 1.04 30.3 0.55 50.8 3.0 5.7 287.4
5 16 70.4 0.69 38.3 0.55 38.7 2.0 3.8 146.0
6 16 70.4 0.62 44.7 0.55 38.7 2.0 3.8 146.0
7 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1708.4
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1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 476.8 1.00 476.8
Cohesive 424.2 1.00 424.2
Cohesive 228.1 1.00 228.1
Cohesive 287.4 1.00 287.4
Cohesive 146.0 1.00 146.0
Cohesive 146.0 1.00 146.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1708.4
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su = 154 kPa for Cohesive soil
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15
Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b = 18891 kN/m3 for Cohesive soil
where, qu = Unconfined compressive strength = 308 kPa

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

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2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.37 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



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5) Soil parameters
cu = 154 kPa
My/cub3 = 15.9
ec/b = 0
Qu = 776.2 kN
Hu = 776.2 kN
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L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 374.3 569.5 0.28 15.0 25000 0.5 1.40


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 374.3 1663.2 0.04 15.00
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 15.0 569.5 1663.2 0.07 1.58
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se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.40 15.00 1.58 17.98 O.K

often acceptable.
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2.3 BH-04

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 7 7 30.8
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 9 9 39.6
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 4 4 17.6
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 9 9 39.6
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 10 10 44
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-18.0 -20.0 -19.0 Cohesive 13.0 25 25 110
-20.0 ~ Cohesive 110



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
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a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
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Thick. As Qs
β α
1 7 30.8 0.56 4.8 0.55 16.9 3.0 5.7 95.8
2 16 70.4 1.05 14.4 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
3 9 39.6 0.51 22.3 0.55 21.8 2.0 3.8 82.1
3 4 17.6 0.25 30.3 0.55 9.7 3.0 5.7 54.7
3 9 39.6 0.39 38.3 0.55 21.8 2.0 3.8 82.1
3 10 44.0 0.39 44.7 0.55 24.2 2.0 3.8 91.2
3 16 70.4 0.54 52.6 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
3 25 110.0 0.72 60.6 0.55 60.5 2.0 3.8 228.1
3 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1072.0
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1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 95.8 1.00 95.8
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 82.1 1.00 82.1
Cohesive 54.7 1.00 54.7
Cohesive 82.1 1.00 82.1
Cohesive 91.2 1.00 91.2
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 228.1 1.00 228.1
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1072.0
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1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

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2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.24 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



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5) Soil parameters
cu = 30.8 kPa
My/cub3 = 79.7
ec/b = 0
Qu = 443.5 kN
Hu = 443.5 kN
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L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 318.6 357.3 0.28 20.0 25000 0.5 1.41


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 318.6 990.0 0.04 21.46
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 20.0 357.3 990.0 0.07 1.34
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
27/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.41 21.46 1.34 24.20 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
28/124
REV. A
2.4 BH-05

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 30 30 132
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 9 9 39.6
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 30 30 132
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 11 11 48.4
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 14 14 61.6
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 15 15 66
-18.0 ~ Cohesive 66



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
29/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
30/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 30 132.0 1.20 4.8 0.55 72.6 3.0 5.7 410.5
2 9 39.6 0.59 14.4 0.55 21.8 3.0 5.7 123.2
2 30 132.0 0.85 22.3 0.55 72.6 2.0 3.8 273.7
2 11 48.4 0.55 30.3 0.55 26.6 3.0 5.7 150.5
2 17 74.8 0.74 38.3 0.55 41.1 2.0 3.8 155.1
2 14 61.6 0.54 44.7 0.55 33.9 2.0 3.8 127.7
2 15 66.0 0.50 52.6 0.55 36.3 3.0 5.7 205.3
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1446.0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
31/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 410.5 1.00 410.5
Cohesive 123.2 1.00 123.2
Cohesive 273.7 1.00 273.7
Cohesive 150.5 1.00 150.5
Cohesive 155.1 1.00 155.1
Cohesive 127.7 1.00 127.7
Cohesive 205.3 1.00 205.3
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1446.0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
32/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15
Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b =###### kN/m3 for Cohesive soil

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
33/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.35 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
34/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 132 kPa
6) Ultimate lateral load (Cohesionless, long pile)
My/cub3 = 18.6
ec/b = 0
Qu = 807.8 kN
Hu = 807.8 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
35/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 325.0 482.0 0.28 18.0 25000 0.5 1.44


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 325.0 1663.2 0.04 13.03
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 18.0 482.0 1663.2 0.07 1.16
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
36/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.44 13.03 1.16 15.63 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
37/124
REV. A
2.5 BH-06

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 4 4 17.6
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 13 13 57.2
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 14 14 61.6
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 18 18 79.2
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-18.0 -20.0 -19.0 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-20.0 ~ Cohesive 92.4



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
38/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
39/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 4 17.6 0.32 4.8 0.55 9.7 3.0 5.7 54.7
2 13 57.2 0.85 14.4 0.55 31.5 3.0 5.7 177.9
2 14 61.6 0.80 22.3 0.55 33.9 2.0 3.8 127.7
2 18 79.2 0.89 30.3 0.55 43.6 3.0 5.7 246.3
2 21 92.4 0.91 38.3 0.55 50.8 2.0 3.8 191.6
2 16 70.4 0.62 44.7 0.55 38.7 2.0 3.8 146.0
2 17 74.8 0.57 52.6 0.55 41.1 3.0 5.7 232.6
2 21 92.4 0.60 60.6 0.55 50.8 2.0 3.8 191.6
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1368.5
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
40/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 54.7 1.00 54.7
Cohesive 177.9 1.00 177.9
Cohesive 127.7 1.00 127.7
Cohesive 246.3 1.00 246.3
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
Cohesive 146.0 1.00 146.0
Cohesive 232.6 1.00 232.6
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1368.5
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
41/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
42/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.20 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
43/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 17.6 kPa
My/cub3 = 139.5
ec/b = 0
Qu = 367.5 kN
Hu = 367.5 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
44/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 345.6 456.2 0.28 20.0 25000 0.5 1.62


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 345.6 1663.2 0.04 13.85
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 20.0 456.2 1663.2 0.07 1.02
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
45/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.62 13.85 1.02 16.49 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
46/124
REV. A
2.6 BH-08

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 15 15 66
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 12 12 52.8
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 15 15 66
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 15 15 66
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-18.0 -20.0 -19.0 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-20.0 ~ Cohesive 70.4



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
47/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
48/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 15 66.0 1.20 4.8 0.55 36.3 3.0 5.7 205.3
2 12 52.8 0.78 14.4 0.55 29.0 3.0 5.7 164.2
2 15 66.0 0.85 22.3 0.55 36.3 2.0 3.8 136.8
2 15 66.0 0.74 30.3 0.55 36.3 3.0 5.7 205.3
2 21 92.4 0.91 38.3 0.55 50.8 2.0 3.8 191.6
2 17 74.8 0.66 44.7 0.55 41.1 2.0 3.8 155.1
2 16 70.4 0.54 52.6 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
2 16 70.4 0.46 60.6 0.55 38.7 2.0 3.8 146.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1423.2
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
49/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 205.3 1.00 205.3
Cohesive 164.2 1.00 164.2
Cohesive 136.8 1.00 136.8
Cohesive 205.3 1.00 205.3
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
Cohesive 155.1 1.00 155.1
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 146.0 1.00 146.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1423.2
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
50/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
51/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.29 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
52/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 66 kPa
My/cub3 = 37.2
ec/b = 0
Qu = 594.0 kN
Hu = 594.0 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
53/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 326.8 474.4 0.28 20.0 25000 0.5 1.60


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 326.8 1663.2 0.04 13.10
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 20.0 474.4 1663.2 0.07 1.06
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
54/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.60 13.10 1.06 15.75 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
55/124
REV. A
2.7 BH-09

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 8 8 35.2
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 19 19 83.6
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 20 20 88
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-18.0 ~ Cohesive 92.4



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
56/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
57/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 17 74.8 1.36 4.8 0.55 41.1 3.0 5.7 232.6
2 8 35.2 0.52 14.4 0.55 19.4 3.0 5.7 109.5
2 19 83.6 1.08 22.3 0.55 46.0 2.0 3.8 173.3
2 17 74.8 0.84 30.3 0.55 41.1 3.0 5.7 232.6
2 17 74.8 0.74 38.3 0.55 41.1 2.0 3.8 155.1
2 20 88.0 0.78 44.7 0.55 48.4 2.0 3.8 182.5
2 21 92.4 0.71 52.6 0.55 50.8 3.0 5.7 287.4
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1373.0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
58/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 232.6 1.00 232.6
Cohesive 109.5 1.00 109.5
Cohesive 173.3 1.00 173.3
Cohesive 232.6 1.00 232.6
Cohesive 155.1 1.00 155.1
Cohesive 182.5 1.00 182.5
Cohesive 287.4 1.00 287.4
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1373.0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
59/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
60/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.30 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
61/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 74.8 kPa
My/cub3 = 32.8
ec/b = 0
Qu = 592.4 kN
Hu = 592.4 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
62/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 346.4 457.7 0.28 18.0 25000 0.5 1.46


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 346.4 1663.2 0.04 13.89
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 18.0 457.7 1663.2 0.07 1.10
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
63/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.46 13.89 1.10 16.45 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
64/124
REV. A
2.8 BH-10

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 23 23 101.2
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 14 14 61.6
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 11 11 48.4
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 24 24 105.6
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 18 18 79.2
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-18.0 ~ Cohesive 70.4



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
65/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
66/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 23 101.2 1.84 4.8 0.55 55.7 3.0 5.7 314.7
2 14 61.6 0.91 14.4 0.55 33.9 3.0 5.7 191.6
2 11 48.4 0.62 22.3 0.55 26.6 2.0 3.8 100.4
2 16 70.4 0.79 30.3 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
2 24 105.6 1.04 38.3 0.55 58.1 2.0 3.8 219.0
2 18 79.2 0.70 44.7 0.55 43.6 2.0 3.8 164.2
2 16 70.4 0.54 52.6 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1427.8
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
67/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 314.7 1.00 314.7
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
Cohesive 100.4 1.00 100.4
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 164.2 1.00 164.2
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1427.8
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
68/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15
Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b =###### kN/m3 for Cohesive soil

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
69/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.33 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
70/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 101.2 kPa
My/cub3 = 24.3
ec/b = 0
Qu = 655.8 kN
Hu = 655.8 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
71/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 327.5 475.9 0.28 18.0 25000 0.5 1.44


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 327.5 1663.2 0.04 13.13
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 18.0 475.9 1663.2 0.07 1.15
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
72/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.44 13.13 1.15 15.72 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
73/124
REV. A
2.9 BH-11

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 12.0 18 18 79.2
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 20.0 16 16 70.4
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 12.0 11 11 48.4
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 14.0 14 14 61.6
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 18.0 18 18 79.2
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 15.0 17 17 74.8
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 22.0 24 24 105.6
-18.0 ~ Cohesive 105.6



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
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74/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
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75/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 18 79.2 1.44 3.3 0.55 43.6 3.0 5.7 246.3
2 16 70.4 1.05 21.9 0.55 38.7 3.0 5.7 219.0
2 11 48.4 0.62 39.3 0.55 26.6 2.0 3.8 100.4
2 14 61.6 0.70 47.8 0.55 33.9 3.0 5.7 191.6
2 18 79.2 0.78 62.3 0.55 43.6 2.0 3.8 164.2
2 17 74.8 0.66 75.7 0.55 41.1 2.0 3.8 155.1
2 24 105.6 0.81 99.1 0.55 58.1 3.0 5.7 328.4
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
sum 1405.0
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76/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 246.3 1.00 246.3
Cohesive 219.0 1.00 219.0
Cohesive 100.4 1.00 100.4
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
Cohesive 164.2 1.00 164.2
Cohesive 155.1 1.00 155.1
Cohesive 328.4 1.00 328.4
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
0 0.0 0.00 0.0
sum = 1405.0
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77/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
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78/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.30 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



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79/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 79.2 kPa
My/cub3 = 31.0
ec/b = 0
Qu = 655.8 kN
Hu = 655.8 kN
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80/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 368.5 468.3 0.28 18.0 25000 0.5 1.53


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 368.5 1663.2 0.04 14.77
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 18.0 468.3 1663.2 0.07 1.13
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81/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 1.53 14.77 1.13 17.44 O.K

often acceptable.
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82/124
REV. A
2.10 DBH-01
DBH-01 Pile Length = 25.0 m G.W.T (m) = 0.0

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 11 11 48.4
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 9 9 39.6
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 12 12 52.8
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 8 8 35.2
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 25 25 110
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 20 20 88
-18.0 -20.0 -19.0 Cohesive 13.0 17 17 74.8
-20.0 -23.0 -21.5 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-23.0 -25.0 -24.0 Cohesive 13.0 23 23 101.2
-25.0 ~ Cohesive 101.2



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
83/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
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84/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 11 48.4 0.88 4.8 0.55 26.6 3.0 5.7 150.5
2 9 39.6 0.59 14.4 0.55 21.8 3.0 5.7 123.2
2 12 52.8 0.68 22.3 0.55 29.0 2.0 3.8 109.5
2 21 92.4 1.04 30.3 0.55 50.8 3.0 5.7 287.4
2 8 35.2 0.35 38.3 0.55 19.4 2.0 3.8 73.0
2 25 110.0 0.97 44.7 0.55 60.5 2.0 3.8 228.1
2 20 88.0 0.67 52.6 0.55 48.4 3.0 5.7 273.7
2 17 74.8 0.49 60.6 0.55 41.1 2.0 3.8 155.1
2 21 92.4 0.51 68.6 0.55 50.8 3.0 5.7 287.4
2 23 101.2 0.46 76.6 0.55 55.7 2.0 3.8 209.8
sum 1897.6
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85/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 150.5 1.00 150.5
Cohesive 123.2 1.00 123.2
Cohesive 109.5 1.00 109.5
Cohesive 287.4 1.00 287.4
Cohesive 73.0 1.00 73.0
Cohesive 228.1 1.00 228.1
Cohesive 273.7 1.00 273.7
Cohesive 155.1 1.00 155.1
Cohesive 287.4 1.00 287.4
Cohesive 209.8 1.00 209.8
sum = 1897.6
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86/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
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87/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.27 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
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88/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 48.4 kPa
My/cub3 = 50.7
ec/b = 0
Qu = 522.7 kN
Hu = 522.7 kN
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89/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 445.0 632.5 0.28 25.0 25000 0.5 2.69


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 445.0 1663.2 0.04 17.84
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 25.0 632.5 1663.2 0.08 1.19
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90/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 2.69 17.84 1.19 21.73 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
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91/124
REV. A
2.11 DBH-02
DBH-02 Pile Length = 25.0 m G.W.T (m) = 0.0

2) 3)
Soil type 3
0.0 -3.0 -1.5 Cohesive 13.0 6 6 26.4
-3.0 -6.0 -4.5 Cohesive 13.0 4 4 17.6
-6.0 -8.0 -7.0 Cohesive 13.0 5 5 22
-8.0 -11.0 -9.5 Cohesive 13.0 10 10 44
-11.0 -13.0 -12.0 Cohesive 13.0 16 16 70.4
-13.0 -15.0 -14.0 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-15.0 -18.0 -16.5 Cohesive 13.0 25 25 110
-18.0 -20.0 -19.0 Cohesive 13.0 19 19 83.6
-20.0 -23.0 -21.5 Cohesive 13.0 21 21 92.4
-23.0 -25.0 -24.0 Cohesive 13.0 27 27 118.8
-25.0 ~ Cohesive 118.8



0.72( Hara et al, 1971)
29 N
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
92/124
REV. A
a) Cohesive soil

6.5 at su = 24 kPa
8.0 at su = 48 kPa
9.0 at su > 25 kPa
qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa
a) Cohesive soil
fmax = α x su

α = 0.55 for su / Pa ≤ 1.5 (Mpa)
fmax = β x σ'v

in sands
0.5
β = 1.5 - 0.245 z for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
β = 2.0 - 0.15 z0.75 for N60 ≥ 15 B / 0.3 m
β = ( N60 / 15 ) x ( 1.5 - 0.245 z0.5 ) for N60 < 15 B / 0.3 m
@Seismicisolation
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93/124
REV. A

Thick. As Qs
β α
1 6 26.4 0.48 4.8 0.55 14.5 3.0 5.7 82.1
2 4 17.6 0.26 14.4 0.55 9.7 3.0 5.7 54.7
2 5 22.0 0.28 22.3 0.55 12.1 2.0 3.8 45.6
2 10 44.0 0.50 30.3 0.55 24.2 3.0 5.7 136.8
2 16 70.4 0.69 38.3 0.55 38.7 2.0 3.8 146.0
2 21 92.4 0.82 44.7 0.55 50.8 2.0 3.8 191.6
2 25 110.0 0.84 52.6 0.55 60.5 3.0 5.7 342.1
2 19 83.6 0.55 60.6 0.55 46.0 2.0 3.8 173.3
2 21 92.4 0.51 68.6 0.55 50.8 3.0 5.7 287.4
2 27 118.8 0.54 76.6 0.55 65.3 2.0 3.8 246.3
sum 1706.0
@Seismicisolation
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94/124
REV. A
1)
qmax (uplift) = 0

Qs Ts
Soil type ψ
(kN) (kN)
Cohesive 82.1 1.00 82.1
Cohesive 54.7 1.00 54.7
Cohesive 45.6 1.00 45.6
Cohesive 136.8 1.00 136.8
Cohesive 146.0 1.00 146.0
Cohesive 191.6 1.00 191.6
Cohesive 342.1 1.00 342.1
Cohesive 173.3 1.00 173.3
Cohesive 287.4 1.00 287.4
Cohesive 246.3 1.00 246.3
sum = 1706.0
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
95/124
REV. A
1)
0.5
Note: 1) ϕ = ( 20 N ) + 15

n1 = 0.36 for 48 to 191 kPa

n2 = 1.00 for steel
n2 = 1.30 for wood

below ground water

@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
96/124
REV. A
2) Pile parameters
a) Stiffness factor
βh = ( Kh b / 4EI )0.25 = 0.23 m

-1
for Cohesive soil,
0.20 0.00 -1
b) Length factor



@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
97/124
REV. A
5) Soil parameters
cu = 26.4 kPa
My/cub3 = 93.0
ec/b = 0
Qu = 427.7 kN
Hu = 427.7 kN
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
98/124
REV. A
L = length of pile
conservatively, 0.5

Borehole 2
ξ
(kN) (kN) (m ) (m) (Mpa) (mm)
Design-N 435.5 568.7 0.28 25.0 25000 0.5 2.55


D Qwp qp se(2)
Borehole Cp
Design-N 600 435.5 1663.2 0.04 17.46
L Qws qp se(3)
Borehole Cs
(m) (kN) (kN/m2) (mm)
Design-N 25.0 568.7 1663.2 0.08 1.07
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
99/124
REV. A
se = se(1) + se(2) + se(3)


Borehole Check1)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Design-N 2.55 17.46 1.07 21.08 O.K

often acceptable.
@Seismicisolation
@Seismicisolation
100/124
REV. A
3.0 Summary
The allowable pile capacities for Olkaria IV Power Plant project are summarized as follows.
Length Allowable Pile Capacity (kN / EA)

Borehole REMARK
(m) Compression Tension Lateral
Steam
BH-04 20.0 675.9 536.0 221.8
Scrubber
Applied 20.0 600.0 300.0 150.0
BH-02 15.0 943.8 854.2 388.1 Pipe Rack
Applied 15.0 800.0 500.0 150.0
Cooling
BH-01 18.0 863.8 628.7 180.6
Tower(1)
Cooling
BH-10 18.0 803.5 713.9 327.9
Tower(2)
Cooling
BH-11 18.0 836.8 702.5 327.9
Tower(2)
BH-09 18.0 804.1 686.5 296.2 Transformer
BH-05 18.0 807.0 723.0 403.9 W.W.T
Applied 18.0 800.0 500.0 150.0
Cooling
BH-06 20.0 801.8 684.2 183.7
Tower(1)
BH-08 20.0 801.2 711.6 297.0 Transformer
Applied 20.0 800.0 500.0 150.0
Steam
DBH-01 25.0 1077.6 948.8 261.4
Turbine BD.
Steam
DBH-02 25.0 1004.2 853.0 213.8
Turbine BD.
Applied 25.0 1000.0 500.0 150.0
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REV. A
4.0 PILE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Reinforcement bars in pile are designed to be followed as the basic requriement in BS 8110,
and to resist axial force, bending moment and tension stress.
4.1.1 PILE DESIGN DATA

Pile Diameter : 600 mm (nominal) ; bored pile
Design Capacity : 800 kN (C) ; compression
150 kN (S) ; shear
500 kN (T) ; tension
Length : 15 m (from existing ground level)
Embedded Length : 14 m
Cube Strength ( fcu ) : 25 Mpa
Reinforcement ( fy ) : 460 Mpa BS4449 GRADE 460
Main Bars : 9 No. 20 mm for full length
Addtl. Main Bars : 9 No. 20 mm 5 M Long
Tie Stirrups : 10 mm @ 200 mm
Cover : 75 mm
4.1.2 PILE CAPACITY CHECK
1) Compressive Pile Capacity
Alowing for eccentricity of loading due to deviations during construction, BS 8110, Part 1
the untimate axial load should not exceed the value of N given by: Clause 3.8.3
N = 0.45 x fcu x Ac + 0.95 x As x fy
fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
Ac = 282,743 mm2
As = 2,827 mm2
N = 0.45 x 25 x 282,743 + 0.95 x 2,827 x 460

= 4,416,451 N
Safety Facto = 2.0

Safe N = 2208.2 KN
2) Design Requirements of Reinforcement : BS 8004,

Clause 7.4.2.5.4
OUT OF POSITION ALLOWED : 75
OUT OF PLUMB ALLOWED : 1 : 75
The rebar shall be designed for this Article requirement plus seismic action
Assume H-force on the Pile : 150.0 kN
Horizontal load on pile : 160.7 kN
(due to construction allowances)
B.M produced by eccentricity : 60.0 kN-M
A) Bending Moment calculations in Pile due to H-force and constructional

allowances:
References: Menard Theory and “The Pressuremeter and Foundation
Engineering” by Baguelin-Jezequel-Shields.
Average SPT’s from 0 to 10.6 N is 23.75
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REV. A
Calculations for lateral loads on piles are based on the “Pressuremeter

Theory” which in simple form assumes that the pile in this case acts
like a beam with the H-force acting at the top of the pile (disregarding
cap and tie beam constraint) and the soil to the side of the pile giving
a subgrade reaction dependent on the SPT (N) Values of the soil and
other theological factors which can be seen in the formula used.
The beam in this case is one of the group, Baguelin-Jezequel.
The Pressuremeter Theory is mentioned by Tomlinson and the theory
has been applied (Referred to pages 230,231,232,233, and 349) From
the Pressuremeter Theory, Pl
SPT = 23.75 , 3 7.1
Subgrade reaction = 19 N/mm2 6 53.0
25 Pl 8N 8 100.0
K =
B , B 10 110.9
Ave. 67.74
From the theory of elastic supported beam:
H 1/4
MH = , where λ = ( KB / 4EI )
2λ
Reference: BS 8110 Part 2, Table 7.2 Page 7/2

H E I KB λ M
KN 2 4 2 -1 KM-M
N/mm mm N/mm M
160.652 28000 6361725124 19 0.404 198.777
Therefore the bending moment produced in pile =

60.00 + 198.78 = 258.78 kN-m
From CP 110: Part 3 for circular columns (not covered by BS 8110):

hs = 410 mm
410
Then hs /h = = 0.6
600
FOR THE UPPER PORTION OF THE PILE UP TO 5 M :
M = 259 KN-M
Use Chart 134, CP11O : PART 3 where hs / h = 0.6

For the Ultimate State Design, use a load factor of 1.5:
1.5 N 1.5 M
= 33.333 ; = 1.797
h2 h3
From Chart 134, CP110: PART 3, for this condition As = 1.7% of Ac
Our design provides:

REINFORCEMENT:
Main Bars, 9 Nos, Dia : 20 mm
Addtl. Main Bars 9 Nos, Dia : 20 mm 5 M Long
Thor , Area = 2.000% of concrete
Links 10 mm @ 200 mm
5M DOWN FROM COL TO TOE LEVEL OF THE PILE:

M = 63.45 kN-m

1.5 N 1.5 M
2
= 33.333 ; = 0.441
h h3
From Chart 134, CP11O : PART 3, for this condition As = 0% of Ac
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REV. A

REINFORCEMENT:
Main Bars, 9 Nos, Dia : 20 mm for full length
Thor , = 1.000% of concrete
3) Calculation of length of Reinforcement:

From the theory of an elastic supported beam:
Mx = 2 λ2 e-λx EI [ C2 cos λx - C1 sin λx ]
Hx = 2 λ3 e-λx EI [( C1 + C2 ) cos λx - ( C1 - C2 ) sinλx ]
For boundary conditions, when x = 0, M = Mx = 258.78 KN-M
I = 6361725124 , cos λx = 1, sin λx = 0 , e-λx = 1

Hx = H = 160.65 KN , λ = 0.4041
MT
C2 = = 0.0044
2 EI λ2
1 H
C1 = - ( + M ) = -0.0112819
2 EI λ2 λ
Mx = 2 × 28 × 10 3 × 0.40 2 × 6361725124
× e ×( 0.0044 cos λx - ( -0.0112819 ) sin λx )
Substituting in the foregoing formula for varying depths in Metres y (x),
we obtain the Moment Distribution in the pile as follows:
Tabulating for ‘x’:
In the following table 0 = Ground Level
x
e-λx cos λx sin λx Mx σc σc
Meter
0 1.000 1.000 0.000 258.777 40.497 16.091
2 0.446 0.691 0.723 291.158 42.024 14.564
4 0.199 -0.046 0.999 127.876 34.324 22.264
5 0.133 -0.435 0.901 63.455 31.287 25.302
6 0.089 -0.754 0.657 20.909 29.280 27.308
8 0.039 -0.996 -0.091 -12.524 27.704 28.885
10 0.018 -0.622 -0.783 -11.864 27.735 28.854
12 0.008 0.136 -0.991 -4.817 28.067 28.521
14 0.003 0.811 -0.586 -0.610 28.265 28.323
15 0.002 0.976 -0.220 0.252 28.306 28.282
As an example of the foregoing calculations stresses,

the Moment at 5M = 63.455 KN-M
Nc M Φ
σ at 5 M = ± ×
Ac 1 2
3 6
800 × 10 63.455 × 10 × 600
= 2
±
π/4 × 600 6361725124 × 2
5.82 2 -0.16 2
= N/mm Or N/mm
As per BS 8004 Article 7.4.4.3.1:
these stresses are < 0.25 fcu or 10 N/mm2
From the above results it can be inferred that stresses in the concrete are acceptable
if 5 m long steel is used. However we are providing for full length steel.
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REV. A
4) Check for steel in tension:

As = 2827.4 mm2 for 9 Bars , Dia = 20 mm
Allowable Tensile Force = 2827.43339 × 400.2
= 1131538.84 N
= 1131.539 kN > 500.00 kN O.K
5) Check for Clear Spacing: BS 8110, Part 1

For 9 bars of 20 mm dia , C.C spacing = 143.12 Clause 3.12.11
Therefore clear spacing is 163.116999 mm
Art 3.12.11.2.4 of BS 8110 (Part 1): max clear spacing is 300 mm
Thus 9 bars provided are adequate
6) Check for Bond Length: BS 8110, Part 1

Table 3.27 of BS 8110 shows the following values of anchorages for various grades of concrete Clause 3.12.8.15
For fcu 25 2
= N/mm
Anchorage length = 32 × 20 = 640 mm
We propose 640 mm into the pile cap
7) Check for Stirrups: BS 8110, Part 1

From Table 3.8 BS 8110 (Part 1) , for fcu 25 2
= N/mm Clause 3.4.5.12
0.614 2
Shear Stress = Vmax = N/mm
Hw
Working Shear Stress in pile = Vw =
π / 4 × Φ2
3
160.7 × 10
Vw = 0 5682 N/mm2
= 0.5682
π/4 × 600 2
As, Vmax < Vw < Vmax / 2 (Table 3.8), applied the minimum steel ratio.
however we provide nominal 10 mm links © 200
Therefore safe.
8) Lateral Reinforcement:
As previously shown lateral reinforcement is not required for shear considerations,
however buckling should be investigated. Euler’s theory gives the minimum force
for buckling as
2
π EI
F = 2
eK
6
where E = Young’s modulus for steel = 200 × 10 kN/m2
4
π×Φ
I = Moment of Inertia of the bar = = 7.854E-09 M4
64
eK = Free length to be examined hereunder:
Refer to attached sketches on following page.
Thus eK = I / 2= 200 / 2= 100 mm
Minimum Force for Buckling is
2
π EI
F = 2
= 1,550 kN
eK
For this condition, the compressive stress in the bar is
F
= = 4,935 N/mm2 , where Φb = 20 mm
π / 4 Φb2
The working stress in steel is fya = 460 × 0.7 = 322 N/mm2

So for compression, using figure 2 in CF 110 Part 2, if the stress for buckling is
higher than the allowable compressive stress, the risk of Buckling does not exist.
F = 4,935 N/mm2 > fya ( 322 N/mm2 ),
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REV. A

150 kN (S) ; shear
Cover : 75 mm
N = 0.45 x fcu x Ac + 0.95 x As x fy
fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
Ac = 282,743 mm2
As = 2,827 mm2
N = 0.45 x 25 x 282,743 + 0.95 x 2,827 x 460

= 4,416,451 N
Safety Facto = 2.0

Safe N = 2208.2 KN

Clause 7.4.2.5.4

allowances:
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REV. A

SPT = 23.75 , 3 7.1
25 Pl 8N 8 100.0
K =
B , B 10 110.9
Ave. 67.74
H
MH = , where λ = ( KB / 4EI )1/4
2λ

H E I KB λ M
KN 2 4 2 -1 KM-M
N/mm mm N/mm M
160.652 28000 6361725124 19 0.404 198.777

60.00 + 198.78 = 258.78 kN-m

hs = 410 mm
410
Then hs /h = = 0.6
600
M = 259 KN-M

1.5 N 1.5 M
2
= 33.333 ; = 1.797
h h3

REINFORCEMENT:

M = 63.45 kN-m

1.5 N 1.5 M
2
= 33.333 ; = 0.441
h h3
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REV. A

REINFORCEMENT:

I = 6361725124 , cos λx = 1, sin λx = 0 , e-λx = 1

Hx = H = 160.65 KN , λ = 0.4041
MT
C2 = = 0.0044
2 EI λ2
1 H
C1 = - ( + M ) = -0.0112819
2 EI λ2 λ
Mx = 2 × 28 × 10 3 × 0.40 2 × 6361725124
× e ×( 0.0044 cos λx - ( -0.0112819 ) sin λx )
x
Meter
0 1.000 1.000 0.000 258.777 40.497 16.091
2 0.446 0.691 0.723 291.158 42.024 14.564
4 0.199 -0.046 0.999 127.876 34.324 22.264
5 0.133 -0.435 0.901 63.455 31.287 25.302
6 0.089 -0.754 0.657 20.909 29.280 27.308
8 0.039 -0.996 -0.091 -12.524 27.704 28.885
10 0.018 -0.622 -0.783 -11.864 27.735 28.854
12 0.008 0.136 -0.991 -4.817 28.067 28.521
14 0.003 0.811 -0.586 -0.610 28.265 28.323
16 0.002 0.983 0.181 0.581 28.322 28.267
18 0.001 0.548 0.836 0.479 28.317 28.272

Nc M Φ
σ at 5 M = ± ×
Ac 1 2
3 6
800 × 10 63.455 × 10 × 600
= 2
±
π/4 × 600 6361725124 × 2
5.82 2 -0.16 2
= N/mm Or N/mm
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REV. A

= 1131538.84 N
= 1131.539 kN > 500.00 kN O.K


For fcu 25 2
= N/mm

0.614 2
Hw
π / 4 × Φ2
3
160.7 × 10
Vw = 0 5682 N/mm2
= 0.5682
π/4 × 600 2
Therefore safe.
for buckling as
2
π EI
F = 2
eK
6
4
π×Φ
64
Thus eK = I / 2= 200 / 2= 100 mm
2
π EI
F = 2
= 1,550 kN
eK
F
= 2
= 4,935 N/mm2 , where Φb = 20 mm
π / 4 Φb

F = 4,935 N/mm2 > fya ( 322 N/mm2 ),
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REV. A

150 kN (S) ; shear
Cover : 75 mm
N = 0.45 x fcu x Ac + 0.95 x As x fy
fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
Ac = 282,743 mm2
As = 2,827 mm2
N = 0.45 x 25 x 282,743 + 0.95 x 2,827 x 460

= 4,416,451 N
Safety Facto = 2.0

Safe N = 2208.2 KN

Clause 7.4.2.5.4

allowances:
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REV. A

SPT = 23.75 , 3 7.1
25 Pl 8N 8 100.0
K =
B , B 10 110.9
Ave. 67.74
H 1/4
2λ

H E I KB λ M
KN 2 4 2 -1 KM-M
N/mm mm N/mm M
160.652 28000 6361725124 19 0.404 198.777

60.00 + 198.78 = 258.78 kN-m

hs = 410 mm
410
Then hs /h = = 0.6
600
M = 259 KN-M

1.5 N 1.5 M
= 33.333 ; = 1.797
h2 h3

REINFORCEMENT:

M = 63.45 kN-m

1.5 N 1.5 M
2
= 33.333 ; = 0.441
h h3
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REV. A

REINFORCEMENT:

I = 6361725124 , cos λx = 1, sin λx = 0 , e-λx = 1

Hx = H = 160.65 KN , λ = 0.4041
MT
C2 = = 0.0044
2 EI λ2
1 H
C1 = - ( + M ) = -0.0112819
2 EI λ2 λ
Mx = 2 × 28 × 10 3 × 0.40 2 × 6361725124
× e ×( 0.0044 cos λx - ( -0.0112819 ) sin λx )
x
Meter
0 1.000 1.000 0.000 258.777 40.497 16.091
2 0.446 0.691 0.723 291.158 42.024 14.564
4 0.199 -0.046 0.999 127.876 34.324 22.264
5 0.133 -0.435 0.901 63.455 31.287 25.302
6 0.089 -0.754 0.657 20.909 29.280 27.308
8 0.039 -0.996 -0.091 -12.524 27.704 28.885
10 0.018 -0.622 -0.783 -11.864 27.735 28.854
12 0.008 0.136 -0.991 -4.817 28.067 28.521
14 0.003 0.811 -0.586 -0.610 28.265 28.323
16 0.002 0.983 0.181 0.581 28.322 28.267
18 0.001 0.548 0.836 0.479 28.317 28.272
20 0.000 -0.226 0.974 0.180 28.303 28.286

Nc M Φ
σ at 5 M = ± ×
Ac 1 2
3 6
800 × 10 63.455 × 10 × 600
= 2
±
π/4 × 600 6361725124 × 2
5.82 2 -0.16 2
= N/mm Or N/mm
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REV. A

= 1131538.84 N
= 1131.539 kN > 500.00 kN O.K


For fcu 25 2
= N/mm

0.614 2
Hw
π / 4 × Φ2
3
160.7 × 10
Vw = 0 5682 N/mm2
= 0.5682
π/4 × 600 2
Therefore safe.
for buckling as
2
π EI
F = 2
eK
6
4
π×Φ
64
Thus eK = I / 2= 200 / 2= 100 mm
2
π EI
F = 2
= 1,550 kN
eK
F
= = 4,935 N/mm2 , where Φb = 20 mm
π / 4 Φb2

F = 4,935 N/mm2 > fya ( 322 N/mm2 ),
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REV. A

150 kN (S) ; shear
Cover : 75 mm
N = 0.45 x fcu x Ac + 0.95 x As x fy
fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
Ac = 282,743 mm2
As = 2,827 mm2
N = 0.45 x 25 x 282,743 + 0.95 x 2,827 x 460

= 4,416,451 N
Safety Facto = 2.0

Safe N = 2208.2 KN

Clause 7.4.2.5.4

allowances:
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REV. A

SPT = 23.75 , 3 7.1
25 Pl 8N 8 100.0
K =
B , B 10 110.9
Ave. 67.74
H 1/4
2λ

H E I KB λ M
KN 2 4 2 -1 KM-M
N/mm mm N/mm M
163.319 28000 6361725124 19 0.404 202.077

75.00 + 202.08 = 277.08 kN-m

hs = 410 mm
410
Then hs /h = = 0.6
600
M = 259 KN-M

1.5 N 1.5 M
= 41.667 ; = 1.797
h2 h3

REINFORCEMENT:

M = 63.45 kN-m

1.5 N 1.5 M
2
= 41.667 ; = 0.441
h h3
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REV. A

REINFORCEMENT:

I = 6361725124 , cos λx = 1, sin λx = 0 , e-λx = 1

Hx = H = 163.32 KN , λ = 0.4041
MT
C2 = = 0.0048
2 EI λ2
1 H
C1 = - ( + M ) = -0.0117098
2 EI λ2 λ
Mx = 2 × 28 × 10 3 × 0.40 2 × 6361725124
× e ×( 0.0048 cos λx - ( -0.0117098 ) sin λx )
x
Meter
0 1.000 1.000 0.000 258.777 40.497 16.091
2 0.446 0.691 0.723 291.158 42.024 14.564
4 0.199 -0.046 0.999 127.876 34.324 22.264
5 0.133 -0.435 0.901 63.455 31.287 25.302
6 0.089 -0.754 0.657 20.909 29.280 27.308
8 0.039 -0.996 -0.091 -12.524 27.704 28.885
10 0.018 -0.622 -0.783 -11.864 27.735 28.854
12 0.008 0.136 -0.991 -4.817 28.067 28.521
14 0.003 0.811 -0.586 -0.610 28.265 28.323
16 0.002 0.983 0.181 0.581 28.322 28.267
18 0.001 0.548 0.836 0.479 28.317 28.272
20 0.000 -0.226 0.974 0.180 28.303 28.286
22 0.000 -0.860 0.509 0.015 28.295 28.293
25 0.000 -0.779 -0.627 -0.025 28.293 28.295

Nc M Φ
σ at 5 M = ± ×
Ac 1 2
3 6
1000 × 10 63.455 × 10 × 600
= 2
±
π/4 × 600 6361725124 × 2
6.53 2 0.54 2
= N/mm Or N/mm
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REV. A

= 1131538.84 N
= 1131.539 kN > 500.00 kN O.K


For fcu 25 2
= N/mm

0.614 2
Hw
π / 4 × Φ2
3
163.3 × 10
Vw = 0 5776 N/mm2
= 0.5776
π/4 × 600 2
Therefore safe.
for buckling as
2
π EI
F = 2
eK
6
4
π×Φ
64
Thus eK = I / 2= 200 / 2= 100 mm
2
π EI
F = 2
= 1,550 kN
eK
F
= = 4,935 N/mm2 , where Φb = 20 mm
π / 4 Φb2

F = 4,935 N/mm2 > fya ( 322 N/mm2 ),
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REV. A
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
5.1 1) Cast In Situ PILE ( Φ = 600, L = 15m ) Capacity
- Compression Capacity = 800 kN

- Tension Capacity = 500 kN
- Lateral Capacity = 150 kN
2) Pile Reinforcement
- Longitudinal Reinforcement = 9 No. 20 mm (Upper 5.0m Length of Pile)

9 No. 20 mm (The Other Length of Pile)
- Tie Reinforcement = D 10 @ 200 mm






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REV. A
Attachment-1: Boreholes Location
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REV. A
Attachment-2: Borehole Logs
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PROJECT : OLKARIA Ⅳ GPP
SUBJECT : PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BOREHOLES
Items Depth (m) Sample Details
Modulus of Elasticity
Interval Modulus of
Sample No. & Type
Angle of Internal
Interval Angle of
Internal Friction
Sampler Type
Elasticity
Friction
SPT-N
Borehole From To
2 2.45 BH-1-1 SPT 4 21.9 1,600.0 32.9 2,400.0

5.50 5.95 BH-1-2 SPT 5 22.7 2,000.0 45.5 4,000.0
BH-1 10.50 10.95 BH-1-3 SPT 18 29.7 7,200.0 74.2 18,000.0
15.00 15.45 BH-1-4 SPT 35 35.5 14,000.0 71.0 28,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-1-5 SPT 42 37.4 16,800.0 93.6 42,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-2-1 SPT 35 35.5 14,000.0 53.2 21,000.0
5.50 5.95 BH-2-2 SPT 9 25.4 3,600.0 50.8 7,200.0
BH-2 10.50 10.95 BH-2-3 SPT 21 30.9 8,400.0 77.2 21,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-2-4 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 72.1 16,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-2-5 SPT 21 30.9 8,400.0 77.2 21,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-3-1 SPT 8 24.8 3,200.0 37.2 4,800.0
5.50 5.95 BH-3-2 SPT 10 26.0 4,000.0 51.9 8,000.0
BH-3 10.50 10.95 BH-3-3 SPT 4 21.9 1,600.0 54.8 4,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-3-4 SPT 11 26.5 4,400.0 66.2 11,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-3-5 SPT 15 28.4 6,000.0 71.0 15,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-4-1 SPT 7 24.2 2,800.0 36.2 4,200.0
5.50 5.95 BH-4-2 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 57.7 12,800.0
BH-4 10.50 10.95 BH-4-3 SPT 4 21.9 1,600.0 54.8 4,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-4-4 SPT 10 26.0 4,000.0 64.9 10,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-4-5 SPT 25 32.3 10,000.0 80.8 25,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-5-1 SPT 30 34.0 12,000.0 51.0 18,000.0
5.50 5.95 BH-5-2 SPT 9 25.4 3,600.0 50.8 7,200.0
BH-5 10.50 10.95 BH-5-3 SPT 11 26.5 4,400.0 66.2 11,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-5-4 SPT 14 28.0 5,600.0 69.9 14,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-5-5 SPT 22 31.2 8,800.0 78.1 22,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-6-1 SPT 4 21.9 1,600.0 32.9 2,400.0
5.50 5.95 BH-6-2 SPT 13 27.5 5,200.0 55.0 10,400.0
BH-6 10.50 10.95 BH-6-3 SPT 18 29.7 7,200.0 74.2 18,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-6-4 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 72.1 16,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-6-5 SPT 21 30.9 8,400.0 77.2 21,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-7-1 SPT 25 32.3 10,000.0 48.5 15,000.0
5.50 5.95 BH-7-2 SPT 9 25.4 3,600.0 50.8 7,200.0
BH-7 10.50 10.95 BH-7-3 SPT 20 30.5 8,000.0 76.2 20,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-7-4 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-7-5 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-8-1 SPT 15 28.4 6,000.0 42.6 9,000.0
5.50 5.95 BH-8-2 SPT 12 27.0 4,800.0 54.0 9,600.0
BH-8 10.50 10.95 BH-8-3 SPT 15 28.4 6,000.0 71.0 15,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-8-4 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-8-5 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 72.1 16,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-9-1 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 43.9 10,200.0
5.50 5.95 BH-9-2 SPT 8 24.8 3,200.0 49.6 6,400.0
BH-9 10.50 10.95 BH-9-3 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-9-4 SPT 20 30.5 8,000.0 76.2 20,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-9-5 SPT 9 25.4 3,600.0 63.5 9,000.0
2.00 2.45 BH-10-1 SPT 23 31.6 9,200.0 47.4 13,800.0
5.50 5.95 BH-10-2 SPT 14 28.0 5,600.0 55.9 11,200.0
BH-10 10.50 10.95 BH-10-3 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 72.1 16,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-10-4 SPT 18 29.7 7,200.0 74.2 18,000.0
20.00 20.50 BH-10-5 SPT 14 28.0 5,600.0 57.3 11,480.0
2.00 2.45 BH-11-1 SPT 18 29.7 7,200.0 44.5 10,800.0
5.50 5.95 BH-11-2 SPT 16 28.9 6,400.0 57.7 12,800.0
BH-11 10.50 10.95 BH-11-3 SPT 14 28.0 5,600.0 69.9 14,000.0
15.50 15.95 BH-11-4 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
20.50 20.95 BH-11-5 SPT 25 32.3 10,000.0 80.8 25,000.0
2.00 2.45 DBH-1-1 SPT 11 26.5 4,400.0 39.7 6,600.0
5.50 5.95 DBH-1-2 SPT 9 25.4 3,600.0 50.8 7,200.0
DBH-1 10.50 10.95 DBH-1-3 SPT 21 30.9 8,400.0 77.2 21,000.0
16.00 16.45 DBH-1-4 SPT 25 32.3 10,000.0 97.0 30,000.0
21.00 21.45 DBH-1-5 SPT 17 29.3 6,800.0 73.2 17,000.0
2.00 2.45 DBH-2-1 SPT 6 23.5 2,400.0 35.2 3,600.0
5.50 5.95 DBH-2-2 SPT 4 21.9 1,600.0 43.9 3,200.0
DBH-2 10.50
15.50
10.95
15.95
@Seismicisolation
DBH-2-3
@Seismicisolation
DBH-2-4
SPT
SPT
10
21
26.0
30.9
4,000.0
8,400.0
64.9
77.2
10,000.0
21,000.0
20.50 20.95 DBH-2-5 SPT 19 30.1 7,600.0 75.2 19,000.0
122/124
REV. A
Att h
Attachment-3:
t 3 Pil
Pile Drawing
D i
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7-Pile Design - DESIGN CALCULATION REPORT

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7-Pile Design - DESIGN CALCULATION REPORT

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For Review

A 18 APR 2012 FOR REVIEW H.I.KIM J.B.SEO S.H.JU

Rev. DATE REASON FOR REVISION DRAWN CHECKED APPROVED

Tel : +254 20 3666000

Tel : +64 9 928 5500

Hyundai Engineering Co., Ltd. Toyota Tsusho Corporation

Tel : +82 2 2166 8573 Tel : +81 3 4306 3200

E.J.LIM 18 APR 2012 TITLE & DESCRIPTION

APPROVED BY DATE BORED CAST IN-SITU PILE

No. CONTENTS REF.

2.0 GEOTECHNICAL PILE CAPACITY

4.1 Cast In Situ PILE ( Φ = 600, L = 15m ) Calculation

Attachment-1: Borehole Location

No. CALCULATION REF.

1.2 Design Code & Reference

1) BS 8110 : Structural Use of Concrete

1.3 Design Criteria

1) Factor of Safety for End Bearing, FSbearing = 2.0

1.4 Design Data

- Type : Bored Pile

- Strength at 28 days (fc') : 25 MPa = 25,000 kN/m² (Cube strength)

3) Reinforcement steel (BS 4449)

- Minimum yield strength (fy) : 460 MPa = 460,000 kN/m²

No. CALCULATION REF.

2.0 GEOTECHNICAL PILE CAPACITY

2.1.1 Subsoil Conditions

BH-01 Pile Length = 18.0 m G.W.T (m) = 0.0

-25.0 ~ Cohesive 184.8

- Type of soil = Loose angular-grained silty sand

3) SPT N-value obtained from the field test Attachment-2

4) Corrected for hammer energy without overburden pressure correction

5) Cohesion of so(take minimum value from following two equations)

No. CALCULATION REF.

2.1.2 Allowable Compression Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)

1) Base Resistance for Compression Loading

qmax = Nc* x su = 1663.2 kPa

where, Nc* = bearing capacity factor = 9

qmax = 57.5 N60 = 0.0 kPa

2) Side Resistance for Compression Loading

where, α = a dimensionless correction coefficient defined as follows:

where, σ'v = vertical effective stress at the middle of layer

β = dimensionless correction factor defined as follows:

No. CALCULATION REF.

Layer N60 su σv' fmax Thick.1) As Qs

Note: 1) Thickness of layer.

4) Allowable compression capacity

Qa = ( qmax x Ap ) / FSbearing + Qs / FSfriction = 863.8 kN

No. CALCULATION REF.

2.1.3 Allowable Tension Capacity (Reese and O'Neill, 1999)

1) Base resistance for uplift loading

2) Side resistance for uplift loading

fmax (uplift) = ψ x fmax (compression)

where, ψ = 1.00 for Cohesive soil

3) Allowable tension capacity

No. CALCULATION REF.

2.1.4 Allowable Lateral Load Capacity (Broms' Method)

1) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction

a) General soil type1) : Cohesive

b) Average soil parameter with the critical depth

su = 17.6 kPa for Cohesive soil

ϕ = 0.0 deg for Cohesionless soil

c) Coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction, Kh

Kh = n1 x n2 x 80 x qu / b =1727.1 kN/m3 for Cohesive soil

where, qu = Unconfined compressive strength = 35.2 kPa