A19 – pp.

602-615

1. Modified Cornell Note structure of notes.

Terms:

1.Trading Post Empire- The Portuguese created in the Indian Ocean a

commonly known as a trading post empire. They were aiming to
control all the commerce and weren’t aiming to control large
territories or populations. They took over commerce by force of arms
rather than by economic competitions. They were mainly seeking to
monopolize the spice trade. Portuguese authorities in the east tried to
require all merchant vessels to purchase a Cartaz or pass and to pay
duties of 10% on their cargoes. To make money, they blocked part of
the Red sea to the Mediterranean and a route around Africa to Europe.
But by the 1600, the Portuguese trading post empire was declining so
over areas like Japan, Burma and the Mughal empire resisted
Portuguese commercial control.

2. Cartaz- The Cartaz was a trade license or a pass that was normally
issued by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean during the 16th century
so that you could pass through the area that was being blocked off
weather it was the Red Sea or the Mediterranean or a route to around
Africa to Europe. It was required of all merchant vessels attempting to
trade in the Indian Ocean to have a Cartaz.
3. British East India Company (EIC) and Dutch East India Company
(VOC)- Both the British east India company and the Dutch east India
company received charters from their respective governments that
granted them to trade monopolies and the power to make war and the
power to govern conquered peoples. They established their own
parallel and competing trading post empires. The Dutch focused on the
islands of Indonesia and the English of India. The Dutch India company
established itself on the large island of Taiwan that was off the coast
of southern China somewhere between 1624 & 1662 in hope that they
would produce deerskins, rice, and exports. Both the Dutch and the
English became heavily involved with trade with Asia, and British
forces gained control of the Persian Gulf.

4. Manila- The route by the silver drain operated were numerous. The
Chinese, Portuguese, and Dutch traders flocked to Manila to sell
Chinese goods in exchange for silver. European ships carried
Japanese silver to China. Silver was what they used to pay for African
slaves and for spices to go into Southeast Asia. It was the capital of
the Spanish Philippines and a major multicultural trade city that had a
population of 40,000 by the 16th century.

5. Potosi- China’s demand for silver during the early modern period
drove global commerce. Silver trade had a great impact at Cerro De
Potosi which was a mountain located in a barren and a remote stretch
of Andean Highlands with a ten-week travel by mule. Potosi is a city
that was developed in the Andes which was discovered the richest
deposit of silver in history. Within a few decades the single mountain
was producing over half of the silver mined in the world each year.
New people ere arriving by the hour and some were said to be
attracted by the smell of silver. Over a few decades its population
reached over 160,000 people making it the largest city in the Americas
and equivalents in size in London. Some indigenous merchants, Mule
leers and chiefs were enriched by mining, they had so much wealth
generated that it flowed to the Europeans who owned the mines and to
the Spanish government.