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Von Richthofens Flying Circus (Windsock Fabric Special, No. 1) by Greg VanWyngarden
Von Richthofens Flying Circus (Windsock Fabric Special, No. 1) by Greg VanWyngarden
Von Richthofens Flying Circus (Windsock Fabric Special, No. 1) by Greg VanWyngarden
- .
.... -
uen mic~t~tlf~nt~
lJlljing ~i~cu~
German aero p lane colours orouses inte nse
passio n am angsl a larg e number o f outhors
FRONT COVER a nd collectors w a r ldwid e - no doubt the re w ill
To p, unidentified A lbatros be a live ly response to thts book. Netthe r
0.111 01 Jasta 6, c irca 1917 in c uthor nor o rtist are rash enough na r foo l
st and ard fi nish w it h no e no ugh ta claim inlallibility bortbev hcve
evidence of t he w in9 cr ta!t
studfed sccres 01 ehetos w ith some cc re. end
st riping assoclated w it h t his
u nit. Wing s and t ailplane a re co nsulted severol knowled g eable hlsto no ns
pr obably cam ouf laged in a nd their researc h note s, be fore l ina lising the
red -b rown, li g ht and dark colour and monochrome proliles thot a ppe o r
g ree n w it h pal e (sky) blue thro ughout the lollow ing pa g es. Natu ra lly
under surfaces. Fuse lage corr recfions fo r luture edi tions are al wa ys
marking in b lack an d w hit e w elcom e il back ed up by relia ble dacumenlary
- see page 16. evide nce: unsu p ported guesswar k ho wever is
pe rhaps best lelt in abeya nce .
Centre, Fok ke r Dr.l 4 54 /17
There w ill al woys be 'g rey' o reos open 10
(w/ n 2 0 79 ) üo w n by Ltn. -
d e bo le a nd we m ak e no l irm co ncluslons o n
Loth ar vo n Ric hthol en, CO
01 Jasta 11, Ma rc h 19 17. The cerrein sv bjects, ne ither hcve w e mode
aeroplane is in st ande rd extensive use 0 1 Methuen notoüo ns W e
Fo kker olive/t urq uo ise reolts e mo ny reo ders require suc h refere nces
unten w it h th e unit's red b ut they are only reo lly va lid w hen com pared
co lo ur ap p lied to c owling, to surviving lobric, relatively few exnmples o f
st ruts and wheel c over s. w hich ca n be tied to a specthc air/ra me or
The up per surface er t ne t op phOIO, thus M el hue n musl serve as 0 general
w ing, taüptane , rudder and guide onlv
rear l usel ag e were lnterp reto tio n 01 phOIOS, es pe cia lly cc pies [o r
ove rpa int ed in pa le yellow -
co p ies 01 copies) rs frau g ht wit h d ifl icully. Thera
a ref ere nce to Loth ar's
previous serv tce w it h th e are severollcctors to cons ider: lighting,
Dragone~Regimentvon highl ig hling , exposure. var ia b les in printing and
Bredow Nr.4 . Th e original developing. types 01 lilm - oll p ro vid e pitlolls
f ill ing-in of the fu se lage and fo r the ser io us student. Ir is imprudent thereto re.
up per w ing cro ss f ie ld s w it h ta be pedcnt«; w hen oss ig ning colours 10
Pre face
olive st ill show ed un d er t he monochro me p hotos. let clo ne specilv
hiSbook initia tes 0 ser ies 01 special
thin yellow und er pain tin g -
see page 52.
JG l-AN INTRODUCTION
I R ichthole n's Flying ürUJS' - CI pbrcse which new worl<s weh os Ale. Imfle's The FoUer friplane
eeckes on ,moge oIlhe Iegeodory Germon oc e 11992Jond Pete r Kildulf's biogrophy Ri,:hlhofen-
in his blccd-red ligh ter,leod,ng (] 5worm of equolly Beyond the legend oIthe RedBaron 11993l bcve
colocrtut eueroft ;010 Ihe skies over the Western revecled vclocble new inlormation on the OCtlV11oeS
Fron t. This conception was preeclent omong morry ond aircroft 01 JG L This curbor hos -eled heovily on
wortime mrrnen, 000 remains so omoog aviation the reseorch 01 those historions end cebe.s, in this
e nt husio sts today. l he image is so enduring perho p s atlempt to preseot c bnei oYervlew olthe he.old.y ot
be<:ouse. os with nlOnylegends, there is on element JagdslaffeIn 4, 6 , 10 0 nd 11 during the" time in
01 trulh in ,I. Jogdges<frwoder I, By no mecns 0 detcüed
Monlred voo 11ichthol e n's respectlutloes 01 the cpercnoncl history, this study me.ely p.esenls same
RFC firstbestowed lhe 'cscus' soboquer on hiS pidorial documentotion olthe colour scbemes 01 the
}ogdsloffelltronsloted literolly os 'hun ting se<:tion', (] aeroplanes 01 this lamed lor motion.
unil equivolen l in lunclion, if nol in numbers, 10 (] It seems thot olmost everything csscocted wilh the
6 rilish fighter squodronl. best known by ns brie/er mle lrle, and especicllv the deorh. 01 Manlred Freiherr
01 Jas'C1 11. It rs(] moller 01debcre omong historions von Richthole n genero tes some controversv as dces
os 10 wherher this nidnome originaled 'r om the the study o! colows and rno-kinqs. The .elOfe , when
colourlvl eireruft 01 the uni! or Irom its supposed this wor k was begun 101 the request er the publishersl
propensily fo r mobility o loog the f ron t. As 00 less on il wa s done so wilh no hnle trepido tion,
o uthonry thon Arlhur G ou ld Lee sug gested, il wa s C cnternpo rc rv colour docu menta tion a nd, in scrne
pe rho ps 0 co mbino tion 01 both. whoieve r ns co se s pbotoqrc phs, o f the a ircro h 01 JG l cre
ge ne sis, the 'tm\f(! lling ctrcus' oppe lo lion would surp riSingly .(o rce . Whut li1lle is kno wn must be
gleaned from inter views with veter an s, mem a i.s,
captured aircroh report s, inle llig e nce b ullet ins,
'The scoodcor. 5e'5 o ul e leven .<lron9 o n tha evening comba t .eports, and Ihat nnperle c! soe nce [o r ml ?1
pa trol , . Clrcling und climb in9 owoy 5 '~'Qdily toword 01 tonal .nteroretcnon 01 blec k und while photos
Ihe line5, Tiley are off 10 deol wilh Ricillhofen and his from onhochrcmcüc lilm. Even the n, o nly
ClrClJ5 0 1 Red A lba lro s5e 5 (5ic}, " opprox imotions 01 co lo ur value s or e p o ssfble . While
Lt, Ceeil Lewl s, pilot 01No. 56 Sq uad ra n, first· g e ne rut ia n F,ha lo grn p hs Iwhen nvuiloble] ure (>
RFC,ln 5agittarlus Rlsing. primory to o l in such 0 slud y, Ihe mte rpr etcncn 01
colou rs Irom them hcs be en reircmed Irom os much
us poss ible. In order to produc e the cclo ur prolnes.
prove even mcre o pp ro pncre lor the lirst some judicious inlerp.eting however wa s inevitoble
Jagdge 5chwade r IFighl e. Wing l. This was 0 und du ly no te d in the (o ptions. The c uther end
perma nen t g roupi ng 01 lau. JogdMalfe fn (4 , 6, 10 pu bhsbers welcom e od drüons ond cor rectio ns to lhis
on d 11 1inl0 0 self-Conloined lighler unit whic h wa s wo rk, o nd hOlle no doub t such con t.ibutions WIl l be
indeed designed 10 move ropi d ly to ony sec tion 01 qu ickly lo.thcomingt
lhe Front where o e.iol superiorily was needed.
Ric hlhole n moulded Jagdge5chwader I (obb.evioled Formation of JG I
JG N r. 1, or JG I, d epending on wh o se By lo te Sp ring 1917 !he ho rd- pre ssed J05/0 pilots on
nomendotu.e is used) inlO 0 po ten t large·scole the British Fro nt ware repeoledly e nco unle .i ng Opposite p ag e: Manfred
lormotion copoble 01 dispotching about 500ircrah numer ico lly superior formotions 01 RFC ai.cra". ln vo n Richth ofen prepares for
in delerw::e01 Get-mo n·held terrilory on d (ountering response, the Kom mandierende General der a I light in hi s A lbatros 0 .111 at
large numbers 01 enemy oi.erol1. lufl5tredkriJNe rCommonding Generol 01 the Air Rou court a irfield , {Via H H
The history 01 JG 1 and thot 01 its Ii.sl commonde. Fo rce , or Kogenlufll Ernst von Hoe ppne r begon Wynn e}
Richtholen o.e Inextricobly Intertwined, ond this concentrating his Ilghter un,ts so lhey (outd meet the
history hos been told mony limes belare by vo.ious enemy on more equot terms Finolly the lor mo hon 01 Above, Albatros 0.111 fighte rs
leoding OUlhors. Wl,ile the red-poin ted oi'Cfoh lIowo Jogdgesdrwoder 1 wosonnounced on June 24 1911 of Jasta 11 at Roucourt
by the Ritlmeister hove been e ..omined in detail os Twa d oys loter lhe unit receiYed its ope.otiQool airfield perhaps in May-
lhe subjecl 01 numa.ous orlldes (not to mantion 0 ins!ruetions in 0 telC9rom Irom Kogenlufl which Ju ne 1917. $e vera l ofthese
legion 01 models ond illustrotions], the colours 01 the d e!ineoted its mission with mil,tol)' elllCiency. airc raft seem to have m ostly
mochines 1I0w0 by the pilols he commanded hove 'Jagdgeschwader N., 1 compriscs Josto 4. 6, 10 red luselages with some
.eceived le!;S attention. Indeed, mony <Xcounls .eler ond ". Thc Geschwocler ;, 0 self·con/o'ned unil. ot her pe rsonal marking in a
simply to, 'Ihe gorish oirplones ollhe f/yitlg Greu5 ', Duty is 10 ollo;n ond moitllo'tl o;r supremocy in c ont ras ti ng co lo ur. Close st
oot <XC\Jrote inlormotion on the ir octuol oppeoronce Sedors 01 Ihe front os dlfecled '1 airc ra ft is 0 .62 4 / 17. (Via H H
hos olwoys been hord to Iocote. Vet in recent yeors The Jagdge5chwader would remom immedia!ely Wy n ne)
1
Sandini Sammlung
scbo rdmcte to the High Commond olt he 4. Armee, victory clclms by observers on the g round ond in the
e nd was ic be ba~ed o t 0 ~ing le oirlield os much os air. Rkhtholeo's cboke o! red no doubt ste nvn ed
circumslances wauld permit. lrom its high visibility end it was also the reg imen to l
I her e was only on e logicol chcke ior Ihe colcor 01 his old unit, Uhlonen-Reg'menl "Kaiser
co mmonder olthis unique fo rmo lio n, Rillmeister Alexonder 111. von Russland (weslpreussiehes)' Nr.l.
Monlred Freiherr VOf1 Riebtholen was olready the Accordoq to 0 post -war occount by his brother
premiere G ermon fighter cce. renowned on both lothar, Monl red f1ew on Alba tros 0.111 decorcted with
sides 01 the Iines. More thon tho t, he hod o 'red bond oround the luseloge" lor a while, which
demonstroied superb orqcmzcnoncl end leadership was laler ho nded down to Lothe r upon his arrival er
copcbthües es commonder 01 los to Il. Apporently Iosto 11. Howev e r, Mon frOO von pjehtholen made
o~ ~illed ollroining ond mOlivotion os he was ot moch more notcble use 01 oflOlher D.1I1 [possibly two]
cencl hunling, he bcd 100 the Stofle/to ovef 160 decorcted with on enlirely red luselcqe, toil uni!.
victooes in juslover five months by this time. Under struts ond lobric wheel cosers. The employment 01
his Ieodership by exumple ond with his coostcm such heroldry by the pnors 01 )oslo 11 no doobt
Below, pHots of Jasta 4 pose recruttment of new 'tolent", the orher three uMs onthe lostered a cerloin ccobdence ond espril de coros.
in front ct t heir Albatro s D.V Geschwader would goin high reputations os _11.
fighters in early Summer ByJuly 2 1917 the loor <:omponent 510lfeln hod
The Baron Richlholen. . _....os Olieroging 0 vKiory
1917.ldentified by t he <:or>verged on the oroo known os Morckebeke, '" the
o da)' in A;xil. _opporen/Iy there's onolher
numbers mar ked by the vi<:inily 01 Mmcke just southwest 01 Cocrteoi. Mos! 01
R/Chlholen also pf/ing up vidories in the CimJs, os _
photo are: 1) Vztw Ern st these unüs hod olreody- devised their own unit
coillheo' squodron, becaase Ihey're oll so 9O;/y
Clausnitzer, 2) Staffelführer morking whidl would rernain in ur.e, thus enobling
cofoured, ond also becocse lhey seem 10 move up
Ob/t Kurt vo n Döri ng , 3) ecch loste ta be idenlilied in the air. Geschwader
ond down 10e whoJe Irant inslead 01being ned 10
vztw Linus Paterm ann, 4) odiutant Kor! Bodenschatz descnbed the impressive
Olle sec/or. He on RFC squodron. 'J
U n. Bu sso von Alvensleben, sight in his history 01 JG I, Jagd in Flanderns H,mmel;
U. (Ia te r Air Vice Mors hol ) Arthur Gould Le e ,
5) Un. Wilhelm Schulze, 6) 'Once oll af the Stoffeln were ossembled cn
p ilo t 01 N o . 46 Sq u o d ron. RFC. in N o
(in f ro nt) U n. Hans Klefn, the oir/ield. fweh-e mochines stooä behind
Po 'Ochute .
Vi sible on some of t he eccn Stoffel leader The ossemb1ed
aircraft is the unit marking Geschwader /ooked exuemelv c%ur/ul. The
of a black 'snaxenne' wo und Stommstollel [core unitL Jasta 11, wi/h which Intentionollyor nol. it also promotOO the mevneble
in a spiral around th e Richlholen flew. hod Ihe mochines poeved 'knights 01 the rnr" metaphor whidl was alreody
fuselage. Also note th e red; Josto 10 lur.ed) yellow; Jcsic 6 hod zebra goining populority. On April 12 1917 Germon
coloured spinners which smpes: ond Jo stc 4 bare 0 block soote line journalist !to'. Dr. Geo<g Wegener....os preseo! 01
apparently helped faci litate oloog Ihe no/ufOl wood-linished luse/age J . . the airfield 01 Joslo 11 ond recordOO this evocalive
individ ual recognition j of Thi~ simple but essentiol descriplion provides the impression 01 its line-up cf striking oircroh:
interest is t he two-tone nudeus lor much 01 whot is known of the markings 01 hom 0 distonce Ihey loo ked He irideseenl
spi nne r on th e far lett. (Via H JG I. giont insecls, "~e 0 swarm of goily-coloured
J No wa rra ) buller/lies wilh their wings spreod out ... The
principle ollool<ing os much 0 5 passible "ke
At foot, a mixed group of I Richthofen Red' the co/our ollhe sky was entirely obondoned.
Albatros D.l1I and D.V The red colou r ossocio ted with Jos to 11 or iginoted in "In\'isibj/ityco nnot be o(hie~ed.' il was
figh te rs, reported ly f ro m its fom au ~ u~e by Ric htholen , Soon after he had explo'ned to me, -but one dolOS indeed run
Jas ta 4. Thi s photo mu st token co mmo nd 01 the unit he selected this hue to the r'sl< 01 a mix-up Ibetwee n) e ne rny ond
p red at e th e adopt io n of th e ide rltily his Albat ros 0 .111, while ot he r Sio ffel pilots friendlyaeroplanes , These different morkings
black sp ira l 'snakeli ne' u nit e mployed a vorie ty 01 co lo ured mor kings fo r the ir on the luselages are deorly visible in Ihe a'r;
marking , t hough at lea st one a wn mo chines, The lun<:tio n of these deco ra lions wa s land) Olle rec091lizeS them d urin9 combo l
individual colou r sc he me is e minent ly pro ctico l: to e nab le pilat s to reco y nize ond co n oss ist 10 co mrodel. '
ap pa re nt . e och o the r in the ai r, on d to la cilitale conl irma tion 01 'For this reoson evef)' pl/ot hos his personal
2 3 4 5
2
Sandini Sammlung
3
Sandini Sammlung
opoeored o n Alba tro s 0 .111 mo chine s ot this Sloffel. red hhough severcl examples 01 unil mpt one s wirhout
p<obobly in lote Sommer 191711 is evidenl from this mor krng exist) ond this colou r wos ölten - but
phosos thct some Josla 6 Albotros D,lII and O.v not olwoys - painted on the wing slruls,
types bare similar smces On Ihe undeeside 01 Iheir undercorrioge, cenue slruls ond wheel Co\lefS, The
lower wings . evidenlly 10 055ure identihcolion from use 01complete .10510 11 decor on ollthese
below Since the unil mo rkings preduded lhe use 01 compooenls seems 10 bcve increased es the sef"Vl(e
Ihe 'o ils lar personal colcces, rhe se were msrecd 01lhe triplOne5 Ieng lhened. Personal colours were
comed on the fuseloges. Some 0 ,111 aircrolt ol lhis slill ccmed on Ihe 10ilplones ond eIevotors fo nd ollen
loste oppear 10 hove had tbe entne luseloge Ihe luselogel. these lrequen lly being based on Ihe
ceerpoeued lar lhis perpese. However, simple coicors ctthe püot's old regimen!.
colonred bonds crcund the fuseloge between the The bleck ond while striped 10ils01 105/0 6
codpil ond Ihe iron cross insignio _re in more triplones ~re o pporently supplemenred by bleck
qenercl use on Albctros OVond succeedmq types. cowlings llhough il is ddhcultic discern the ddleeeoce
The well·known chrom e yellow noses ollasta 10 between toc 'ory-linish ohve-brown ond red, block or
(which oppear quite dcr k On onhcctscmcnc film yellow cowlings in penod p holOsl. Colocred luselog e
when tbrs wa s used] wer e drsploved on both Alba lros ba nds remomed 0 populo r for m 01 perso no l
0. 11 1e nd OV bqhrers in Summe r end Autumn 1917 ident ifica tion in Ihis uni!.
Wh, le Ihe unil colour was occosto nollv a lso co rried The mc st sig nificont cho nge s in mark ings occcned
o n the lunri c wheel co ve rs and / or s!ruls, this procnce in loslu 4, which received its tripiones somcwhal
wa s no t widesp reod o t this firne. Per sono l ernblems beloledly in lo te April 1918,Smce fhe block spira l
wc re usuot ly see n on the luselc qe in while und ctber ba nd mo,king co uld not be procncoltv ettecte d o n
ccloo-s. u nd so me use wa s ma de 01cclou red to ils o s fhe DLI. il wo s re ploc:ed bv o n unknown, very po le
weil. In odd ition, 0 system o l numbe ring eoc h colou r co the whe e ls, srruts a nd cow lings . " If one
mochoe wilh 0 smoll bleck dig il belcw the cent-e believes 0 somewhot crcumspect Allied inlellig e nce
Slruts wos in e iiect lo r 0 time. The lo milio r bne up report. lhis colour moy hcve been sky blue, us sky
p hoto 01 .knto 10 Pfa lz 0 .111 oecrcft circa December blue 10 ilplo nes ore descnbed os the unil morkings 01
1917 illuslroles the q eneml usa 01chrome yellow on 10510 4 in lhiS repart This remoins ro be conli rmed,
Ab ove, t he Rittm eister oll no se s. struts, ond wheel cover s by lhot time, h~,
c1im bs into hi s red - Persoocl symbols were painted in dork cclours on
l use laged Albatros 0 .111. The Ihe silbergrau Plclz luseloges. ond 0 \/Oflety 01
ce nt ra lly- Iocat ed radi ato r smped ond ccl oceed loils 'MIS in use . This unil hod 10 Ente, the D.VII
ma rks th is as earl ier t ha n cor'Yon WllhA1balros OVa ond Plob 0 ,1110 types Rittmeisler von Richthofen never hod lhe opportunily
0 .2200/ 16 att ho ug h its t ru e untillhe om.ent of Ihe Fokke<OVII in laIe April 1918. 10 lIy whol is ohen considered Ihe 'MIrs linesllighle<
serial is unknow n_Also note In Josta 11. the red morlcings 01 the Slollel_re in Combol. Wirhin 0 tew weeks olter his dealh on
bull et hol e (1) patc h and being opplied in 0 standardized lorm by lole April21 1918, SUlflCienl numbers ollhe fakker OVII
t hi nly-overpainte d fu sel ag e Sommer 1917 Albatros OV lighlers were painled red hod orrived lor 105to 10 '0 reploce Iheir obsolele
cross. (Via H H Wynne) on Iheir slruls, wheel covers, ond on Ihe nose back 10 P10lz 0. 1110 ond Albalros OVa mochines. Graduol
Ihe looding edge 01 the cockpit. As specilied by \/On replocemenl 01 lhe Fo kke r rriplo ne s to llowed
Richtholen, individual colours were generally po,nled throughout the Geschwader, which hod been
on Ihe lo il se<tions, Ihou g h some pilols added lurther designa ted Jogdgeschwoder freiherr von f?ichlho fen
morkings to the fuselog e s. Former las lo 11 pilot Nr. I m 01 Moy 20 1918 .1t was now und e r the
Ha ns Georg \IO n der O sTen re co lle d (o mmo nd 01 Houp/m onn Wilhe lm Reinhord . O n
'AII o ur ma chines . o f Ja stu 11 110d red June 22 the unil re ceived 2 2 examples ollhe DV II
co loured mo/kings on Iln! lrolll o f Ihe equ ipp "u with Ihe es limabl e BMW 11 10 e ng ine,
aeroplane . . . The individuol morking,1 were enob Hng losla 11 Istill the Slommslaffel, or co re unitl
unique; euch pilol hoving 0 special a ne I to be lully e q uip pe d with this varion!. One 01 these
amnol recoll much obaul Ihe.<e morhngs, I wa s DVII F29.J118 , wh ich o n July 18 wa s flown by the
con'l remember e,"Cn my awn insigniu, o ffice r who ho d been given co mmon d 01 JG I
Somelimes it hoppened Ihol }'Our OWn plane lollow;ng the dooth o f Reinhard On Ihe 3rd 01 tha t
wos kopuu ond yotJ took ano/her 'plane wilh mon rh: Ober/eulnonl Hermonn Göring.
ono/her insignia on i'. You /old /he 01f!er5, Equipped wilh lhe superb O.VII,Ihe GeKhwoder
°Today my bird hos such und suc:h morhngs ~, pilots continued 10 e~hibit high standards 01 skill ond
und yotJ look oH . . . A/ firsl 01 Jo sra " _ morale during 1918 's Summer, Traditions in morkings
olwoys had IWO 'planes eoch . ollho/time _ _re moinloined 05 _11. The custom 01 pointing
had Alba/r05 0.111 and 0 V mochines.' noses ond ouler wheel CO\lefs (and somehmes slruls t
Von de< Oslen [who joined Josto 11 on Augusr 19 red in Josto 11 'MIS relo,ne<!, wilh personol morkings
1917) broughl up 0 ve'Y importon' poinl : The egoin displ~ on Ihe loil surloces ond luseloges,
attnbu/ion 01 0 particular oircrofllO 0 speedic pilot for emmple, Goring 's OVIl f294f18 hod 0 red
should be treuled wilh coulion. IPublishe rs' lorwa rd luseloge with 0 yellow loil; the 10ller hos
emphosis.) While it is lrue thaI mony 0 pilol inilioted 0 imriled suggeshon lho l this oircraft -:.s in Iod
speciol morking on On aeroplone he co nside re d 'his' prepared lor lolhar von Ri<:hlholen - yeflow being
own, il is just os true lhollhe Fronl-line condi!ions 01 his personol colour, Un. Schul1e·Frohlinde o llasta 11
supply, repair, and tronsler 01 personnelohen reportedly displayed Ihe silhouene 01 0 ship on the
Above , Rittme ister Ma nfred resulted in Ihe use 01on aeroplane by severol fuseloge 01 his fok ~er, while lhe sky blue ond orange
vo n Ric ht hofen (i n one 01a differenl pilols. Richlho le n himseIlllew 0 wide \IOriety markings 01 Vzlw. Gobriel"s aircra h are we il know n.
se ries 01posed pub licit y 01differen t Alba tros ond fokker OLl lighlers. The Irodilio nal bloc~ ond while stripes 01 laslo 6
pho tos ) s it s w it h a Fo kke r were o pphed nOI o nly o n the DVII tails but o n the ir
Or.l, w hic h ap pea rs to be in The Triplanes no ses {]nu o uter whe e l co vers 0 5 weil, wh ile person al
l actory f inis h (exc ept The ollow tio n o f the fokk er Dr.I to l ugd5lolfeln 11, 6, il"lsign in 01vuriou s kind s were d isployed on Ihe
perhap s for a red nase?). a nd e ventuo lly 4, necessilole d so rne evolu tion ol lhe fusela g es, Silllilor mark ing s were universa lly in
Note ma nulactu rer's pl ate respec live unit marking s. The incre o sing use o f evide nce on the Fokker EV monop lanes b riefly
o n th e cowli ng; w heels, mossed Geschwoder fli ghls also wa rronted Ihe use ope roted by loslo 6, desp ite their short pe r,o d 01
w ing s and fu selage are in 01 ma rkings tho t wauld foti! itote identi lico iion Irom service. The DV lls 01 loslo 10 exhibiled the
l ac lo ry f inish. aheod In 105/0 11 the engine cowlings were usuolly cuslamary chrome yellow noses and, generally, outer
4
Sandini Sammlung
wheel covers and struts mov also bc ve been mo rked ai ferolt by the wa r's end, bul a t 0 hec vv cosr: 56
in this shade. laste 4 reverted 10 Ihe uw 0/ bloc k oS pilots and si~ graund uewmen killed, and 52 pilots
o unit colcor. this also being opplied 10 lhe oircroh and seve n ground erewmen wounded. As la scino ting
no se s ond outer wheel covers. Pltors in Jagds'a((eln os the colourlvl airera ft in these pages are. it shovld
4 ond 10 continued 10 mar k the i. personal colows on nOI be lo rgo lte n thctthev were f10wn by young men
loilplones ond elevalors. but mare use was also engoged in the bru tal und tra g ie business 01 war.
mode 01 heraldic or other pictcncl symbols on the Perhaps the best perspective on Ihis subiec l was tha t
Ioseloqe sdes os weil. otlered by the lote G isbert Wilhelm Groos, 0 vetercn
Severol5l0lfelleoders oppcreotlv chose 10 exteed 01 logds!olfel 11. When mterviewed by hislorion
Ihe eolourls) oIlhei. oott to 0 major pOf1ion 01the ir He;ru J Noworro in 1960, Groas reponed thot he
oiruolr 10 eobcnce idenl,licotion. l he locllhot 10$10 had been besieged by leuers Irom Americon oviotioo
10 5IalfelfiJh.er Erich loewenhordillew 0 'yellow enthusiasts:
Fecker" is weil cnesred 10 by severol ccraemporurv 'Wnot ccn I/eil/hem? They oll osk /he same
cccooots. bul preciwly how mueh oiihe oirerolt wos qoesnons I eonnoi/eil/hem oll the things
/hf.!)' wish /0 know on squodron morl:ings. 1
doa'r remember such things , \oYhot I
remember is the tote 01 my comrocJes, noI
'The German oees, par1iculorly Rich/hofen 's Flying
'planes ond morhngs. 0
Cncus. which WQS lhen under ,he commond of
Hermann Göring . . hod poeved ,heir planes in a
horrible MoCy. wilh sJ:.ul/s ond ccssöooes ond hideovs SOURCES
coloars. to in!imide/e 'he AI/led Hiers ' r.' I. lewis. Sag,norius Rising. 119B31. pc . 144·\45,
LI. Ra /ph A O 'Neill . pil o t of the 147th Aero 2. Ocored in Noworro ond Brown, von
Sq uodro n . USAS. !lieh/holen ond the Flyi"9 Cecos, (196<11, p. 65.
3. Ocoted in Kildufl, Rieh/hoIen: 8eyond the
legend ol the Red Baron, 11994), Choptee 9, p.
131.
overpainted yellow is cerecerded hhe cothcr ond
4.lbid .. Chopte, 6, p. BI
publishers bcve icded 10 joccre 0 decr photo 01 this
5. Lee, No Fbrochute, 119 711, p . <1 4
machine Ihus lor). Lothor von Riehlholen descnbed
6. KilduH, Chopter 7. p. 93.
the 1051 D.YII he lIew when losta 11 commcnoer es 0
llbid., (hopter 5, p. 69
'red bnd', but ogain pre<ise deicsls are unknown.
8.lbid., Appendu, po. 232 000 235.
Both Lln. Hans Kirschstein ond tm Ulrieh Neckelled
9. O uo re d in Gibbons, The Red Knigh/ 01
losto 6 in O.YlIs marked with oblique bleck ond
Germony, (1991), p. 32 <1
white slripes the length olthe Iuselcqe. this was os
10. Oslen jZochcrics, ed.) Memo'rs 0' World
much to d.srupt on opponent's oim os il wes 0
War Iwilh 1ogds'affeln 11 and 4, 11974), p. 221.
lecder's mork ing. Ernst Ude t went somewhol beyond
11. Imrie, The FoHer Triplane, (1992), p. 123,
the mo rkmqs 01 loste 4 when he cbose 10 IIVa red -
12. Shirley, Ed.. An In/ervjew wllh Ralp l, ONeill,
luselaged OVII, and the oll-whrte Fokker D.VII f 51251
1987, p. 324.
18 fl ow n by Geschwader Kommandeur Göri ng ls
13. Groos INaworra, ed.], Reminiscenccs of
well-kno wn - 0 ccosotcooos ai ruaft indeed
Josto 11,119601. p. 60.
Bv their c wn oecounting, the OIen o!
J(1gd ge schwoder I ho d closned 6<1 -l ene mv
j
Sandini Sammlung
JASTA4
1. Fou r Vizefe ldwebef co m rades 01
t
J G 1 pose w it h a Jasta 4 Al b atro s D.V.
From fett : Fri tz Krebs, Jasta 6 (8
victo ries ); Linus Patermann, Jasta 4, (2
vict ories); Carl Holl er, Jasta 6 (3 :-:\
victories); Ernst Cla usnilzer, Jasta 4 (3 . 'r
victories ). Pate rmann would be k illed
in action on J uty 12 19 17, and only fo ur
da ys later Cla us nitzer was taken POW
and K re bs was killed (poss ib ly by LI. G
H Bo wman ot No. 56 Squadronj. Ho ll er
survived 10 w rite hi s memoirs 01t he
wa r, Als Sänger-Flieger im Weltkriege
under t he pseudonym of Nie ls
S ömsen
•
• Sandini Sammlung
\ I
5. Ca reful exa minat io n of th e
plywood grain pa ttern eonfirm s th at
t his is the sam e O.III (OAW) as in t he
Wü st hoff p hoto at lett. Th e rudd e r wa s
probab ly w hite, w it h t he rest of the ta il
painted a dark co lo ur, p erhaps bleck,
It ls t hought that the sp inner was
painted w hit e and black as w eil , and
ev en the w heel covers may have been
d ecorated. Th e rounded rudder, th e
forward position of the fuselage cro ss,
and t he pattern of green and ma uve
ca m ouftag e on the low er w lng all
..
6. Wüs t ho ff dow ned So pwit h Tripl an e
rec ord s alt re fe r to t ne sp ira l ribbo n as
bfaek.
portion of th e low er w ing is unknown,
as are t he details of an y per sonal
colours used by vo n Boenigk on thi s
N54 29 on Se pte mber 13 19 17 for his 7. A m echani c poses proudly w it h atrcratt. A Silesian nobleman li ke t he
15th victo ry (his 8t h in 11 days)j th e w ha t is probably Wüs t hoff's vo n Riehthof en s, von Bo enigk had
pilot, FSL J R Wilford, was ta ke n O.lIl(OAW). An oth er ph ot o ot Wüsthoff, served in Grenadier-Rg t. N r. 11, ' König
prisone r. Of inter est Is th e unique unavailable tcr pubucaucn. d epic ts Frie drich 111', beto re t ransferring to
decorat ion app lied to th e sp inne r of him in Iront of an Al batros w it h a avlat icn. He re c eived his f irst live
th e O.lIl(OAW).ln t his photo and s pinner d ec orated in ju st such a victo ries in J asta 4 before lea vi ng in
ot he rs , t he spiral r ibbon unit fashion.lt ls believed t he co lo urs we re rat e Oct obe r 1917 to com m and Jasta
~7 black and w hite. 2 1.
TB
•
Sandini Sammlung
Tl1
S
Sandini Sammlung
\(
~/- ...,
1&-,L- ~
Plat e 1) Alb at ros D.V, 8&rla l " um ber and pil ot un kn own , 19 17.
Based cros ery o n Cla u sni tze r's 1162 / 17 (see page 6 ) thi s 1I a Iypical Jas ta " Albatros D.V
w il h t he un il's b lac k spi ral lu sel age ma rk ing . Pil o!' s soec creuve p erso nal c ero c r blua is
appl ied 10 sp inne r .m d la il sec ti on; p la in bla ck erc ss es u nd er low e r w ings.
--
t:i
Pi s t e 2 A) Typical Albatro s
(OAW) 0 .111 upper wing
carn ou llag e pattam 01d ar k
gree n 8nd mau ve seg-
~ lillI!!!!
Pl ate
upper
•1A)
wing
Specu lative
camo uflage
pattern 01 dark g ree n a nd
ments - tower surlacas mauve segments; lower
are pal e blu e. wing patt em unkno wn -
Pla te 2} Alb atro s n.nt COAWj. sa r lal n u m b e r unkn o w n, U n . Kurt Wu st hoff, 191 7. lowe r surla ce s are pale
The likely cotc uea ol lhis machi ne are here deplcte d - see photoe on page 7. In addi tion blu e.
to Ihe unil marki ng,the l ail surtaces and wheel ccve rs are a dark co lour {shown ae black}
and the spin ner halved in bla ck and white wi th white rudder; the etevator appear sto be
white bu t this is not certaln. White outli ned crceeea unde r lowe r wi ngs.
t1
-~ + .
.:
Plate 4 } Fokker Dr,' 586 /17, U n. Ern s t Ud et , 191 8 ,
Prev iously lI own by un. Hans Kirschslein 01 Jasta 6 (see Fig 5, pag e 20)
this tripla ne bears lhe black cowling and black and while tai l sl ripes o t
that Staffel. Udet added his u sua l'LO' insignia, probably in red to con-
Plate 5} Fokke r D ,VII (O AW), se rial unkn o wn , U n . M e ye r, 191 8 .
trast with lh e fus elag e corccrs. At sorne po inl in Udet's use o f thi s
Finish ed in rccr-ccrcur prinled tabnc oveeau.tne nose, wheel covers and struts
machine the crosses on the w ing s were al lered to conlorm with th e
directive 01May 13 1918, but the exact c o nl ig urat io n and appearance 01 are assumed 10 be blac k (the unit colour ) with nalional in s ignia converted lrom
tne top wing insignia cannot b e completety determined. Ihe earlie r lorm by overpainting in a dark colour - gre en er grey? M ost 01
these Jasta 4 OVUs had the ir upper cowlings removeo . Meyer's aircraft also
oeers the black and white Iuselaqe borders typical ot many Jasta 4 D.VlIs the
width and application 01 which could vary - see Ph oto 16. paqe 12.
--
Pl ate 7A}
U pper surtace detail 01 Udet's
O.VII,
/ --
~-wj- h-.---"':' _
. ,
- been con verted Irom the earfier lorm by overpa inting - see Photo 18, p age 13. OVUs lIow n by Ud et - see P hotos 22 and 23, p age 14.
.,5
15. Jasta 4 was th e la st unit of t he cowling , wheel covers, a nd often th e down ed by Ern st Udet (his 57t h
Geschwader 10 fly Fokker Trip lane s, st ruts - though th ere we re th e victo ry ) o n August 16 1918 and was
w hlch w ere f inally replaced by Fokker inev ita b le except ions. Kraut employed vis it ed by Ud et in Cambrai pri son.
D.VlI s by mid·June. U n. Ric hard Kraut a persona l marking c t th e crest of hi s U det t o ld Cae l th at he ro utine ly f le w a
f le w thi s earty p roduction atrcratt in horn e city of Th orn in West Pru ssta, a 'white Spad' o n visits home, and t hat it
Aug us t , w hich displa ys the Fokker- blac k c ross o n a w hite shiel d . Th e was hi s tavo urtte aircraft to ßy ! The
applied dark olive st reaky ca m ouf lage co lo urs of th e stripes on th e tailplan e Spa d seen here is Heerauy m arked
on the fuselage and tou r-c orcur (a nd pos sibly th e aft fuselage) are w ith black crosses and a ppears t o
prin ted tabrtc on t he w i ngs. On their unknown . Th e captured Spad 7 of Spa. bear th e words 'Gute Leute ' ('Good
D.VII fighter s Jasta 4 rev ert ed 10 t heir 62 in the crstance may retate to a st ory People') on its top wing,leading to
fo rmer use of a b rac k unit co lo ur, t his related by th e French p ilot SI Lt. J. specutation that t his in deed may have
paint usually being ap plie d 10 t he nose Cael of Spa. 3 after t he wa r. Cael was been Ud et 's per sonal tra ns port.
12
Sandini Sammlung
23. Fu rt her evtdence th at so me c hall enge t o enemy fli er s. A w hite than red as oft- ill us t ra ted. The Jasta 4
aeroplan es tl own by Ern st Ud et c hevro n was also ad ded to th e Fo kk er in t he backg ro un d was
ap pea re d in per sonal m arkings prior t ailpla ne and t wo b lack and w t nte evi dently m arked w ith tne un tt's black
to his use ot red pa int is revealed in st re amers w ere atta c hed to th e ncs e. to uche d off w it h a th in w hit e
ano t her inf o rm ati ve photo t ak en at erevators. The oblique st riping o n th e border.
Be rne s in Augu st 1918. The OAW·bui lt u ppe r w in g wa s no doubt in spired by
O.VII is cov ered in ro ur-cc tc ur printed U det' s exper iences w it h Kirsch stein ' s 25. A ubiq u ito us photo of Udet w it h
teerte and b ears t he usual Ja s ta 4 Or.l, and was sim ilar ly inten d ed t o o ne of hi s Fokkers, reported ly taken
b tack no se panels and black/ white provid e prot ection trom pursuing w he n he land ed at t he airfield of FEA 2
fus elage bord er s.1t also carr ies U det 's p ilots by optical ill usion. How ever, all at Fürth in early September 1918. Th e
w hite LO! in signia and t ailplane thi s adornment ta il ed to prot ect t he w hite seri al lege nd on t he under side
c hev ron so tamiliar to ent hus iasts. O.VII from th e fire ofthe g unne r in a of t he port ailero n ca n j ust be seen o n
St reamers we re attache d to th e Fren ch Brequet 14 w hic h Udet a good print, and reads: 'Fok. 0 .7 2 07-/
elevalor t railing edge - see c o lo ur attacke d o n J une 29. Ud et ba iled out 18', w it h th e last d igit eit her 0, 6, o r 8.
Plates 7 and 7A, pag e 11. ot t he disabl ed Fo kk er and barely Th e f uselage and wheel covers w ere
eurvived a hazar dou s pa rachute ov erpainte d w hil e t he w ings re ta ine d
24. A familia r view w hlch d esc ent trom 500 me t res. Th ough his t heir fo ur-colour p rinted fab ric f inis h.
nonet he less rema ins t he on ly know n airc raft ha s lon g been a tavourite of Another Jasta 4 O.VII from th e same
ph oto of Ud et' s m o st fa mo us aircraft. m odell ers an d ernste, q uest ions production s e nes w as O.VII (OAW j
The overpainted t ailpl an e bore the remein conceming its tu ll colouration: 2063/1 8, trc m w hich U n. Julius
legend ' Du Doch Nicht!!' I' Certainly fo r exa mple the up per w ing may ha ve Bender parachuted successfully on
no tyou!) in white on t he elevators as a had bJack an d w hite stri pes rath er July 16 1918.
. 2' • 25
:~
~. ".
~ ~
.. ,
"
Sandini Sammlung
15
Sandini Sammlung
Jasta 6
29. Vizefeldwebel Car l Ho ller of
Jas fa 6 appears o n th e far lett of thi s
interesting g roup posed in fr ont of a n
Alb atros 0 .1 11 of th e unit in 1917. Thi s
aircraft bore t he Jasta 6 u ni t marking
of black and w hite st ri pes on both
sides of th e tailplane, th e w hi te being
exte nde d 10 t he ad jacent fu sel ag e
are a. Th e remaind er of th e fu sel ag e
and t in was ove rpainted an unknown
cctc ur; w ith a w hite str ip e app a re n tly
pai nted o n th e side from th e nose 10
t he tau. An oth er white stripe o n t op of
t he fuse lage seems vi sible in th e
original pr in t Note th at t h is is an ea rly
pr oduction 0.111(0.1 910-2200/16 ) wit h
c entra lly- mounte d rad ia t or i n t he to p
wing .
Fig . 4. Albatro s 0.111, se rial unknown , Jasta 6, 1917. Tailplane and rear
fu selage pai nted in unit m arking of black and w hite st ripes. Fuselag e, fin
and possibly w hee l covers and st ruts overpainted an unknown c o lo ur;
w hite st r ipes on th e sldes and top of fuselage. Win gs probably remained
in c am ouf lage finish.
•
itl'l
"'3 D
.• 3.
3 6. Two Ja sta 6 mecnamcs are seen
w it h the D.m f lown by Leutn ant Han s
Adam, one of t he unit's star p ilot s du r-
ing Summer 19 17. The nose of this
Albatros w as painted a dark, unknown
co lour, which may have been applied
to the rest of t he f uselage as we il. The
st ripes painted o n t ne un ders id e of the
bottom w ing are presumed to be b rac k
and w hite; tne possibility exists t hat
th e lighter co lour was simply the fac-
tory fini sh pal e blue un der surface
Ä,34 T 35 dope. Ho we ver, since similar st ripes
are seen on other Jasta 6 Albatros
fi ghter s, it seem s logical t ha t th ese
we re exte nsions of t he unit mar kin gs
usually applied to the ta il p lanes.
17
Sandini Sammlung
18
Sandini Sammlung
44. As t he co m ma nder 01 J G I, vo n
Ric hthofen sometimes f1 ew aircraft
lrom any o ne 01 t he lour compone nt
units, not just Jasta 11. On Ma rc h 17
1918 he pa id a vtslt to t he Jasfa 5 atr-
Held at Bo ist ran court in Or.l 525/17 01
Jasta 6; t here a photograp he r
rec ord ed this c1assic view wi t h th e
unit's (uneq ual here ) te u st ripes. Not e
tha t th e rudd er has again been over-
painted . Th e Rittmeister is seen ha p-
pil y c hatti ng with severa l J asta 5
pil ot s. From left: vo n Richtholen,
unknown mechani c, Un. vo n Hippel,
Obft. Flash aar (Ja sta 5 c om ma nder),
unknown, Un. Schlöm er, and Un.
Lehmann.
19
Sandini Sammlung
2.
Sandini Sammlung
page 25)what
sported . The may
fifth have
aircraft
beenin line
and white fuselage bands and an
black !:::-;::':'__":2i.i:~~:: [~~::::::~~ ~:~=~
.&48 1' 49
overpainted rudder (see colour plate
on page 25) .
21
Sandini Sammlung
· 53 .5' T 55
53. Sattle damage to th e wing of his 54. On May 19 1918 Jas ta 6 made its
Dr'! gels the attention of Fra nz Herner fi rst war fligh t comp letely equipped
following hi s return trom a patroL Hi s with t he superb Fo k ke r O.VII. About
Jasta 6 comrades nicknamed Herner t hat sa me ti me, U n. Rich ar d Wenzl
Loc ken d ue 10 his curly blond hair, and tra nsferred t o Jasta 6 I rom Jas ta 11,
the wavy lin e pe rsona l mark ing wa s a a nd his O.VII displays t he manner i n
vrsua t reference 10 t his. Whe n w hich th e u nit 's black and w hite ta il
intervi ewed by hi storian Neal W stripes w ere l u rt he r app he d to b oth
Q'Co nnor, Hern er rec all ed th at th is th e met al cowli ng p an el s and to th e
ma rki ng was ye llow; a very p al e yellow o ute r w heel covers . As seen o n his
might we il produc e th e li ght to nal Ja sta 11 Or.!, Wen zl 's per son al
vaiue see n her e, o r th e ban d may have marking w as a black a nd w hite
be en w hite. Herner also reporte d that, luselage band, in th e prop orti on s 01
becau se of h is n ick name, he o nce th e Iron Cross r ib bon w it h colo u rs
used an in si gnia of a brennsch ere reversed. The national insignia o n t he
(curlin g iron) on another of his aircraftt l uselag e and w ing s bear ev idence 01
Herner wo uld recei ve c o nf irma t ion tor co nversio n Irom th e ear tie r tull-
18 victories before belog wo unde d on b ordered type. Thi s wa s a Fokker-
Augu st 8 1918 and put out ot acttcn fo r built aircraft Irom a lairly early
th e remainder of th e w ar. He was production seq ue nce; th e st yle 01
promoted 10 Leutnant w h ile ex ha us t ex it and the abundantly-
recovering in September. (Via H H lou vr ed c owli ng panels are 01
Munte) mtere st.
T56
55. This view 01Ltn. Werner Nöldecke
01Jasta 6 w it h a D.VII p rovides a ctc se-
up 01th e un it c olours o n th e nose and
wheel. Note t he exhaus t exit and a
personal insig nia 01a wh ite and bla ck
(1) diagonal ban d w hic h extended from
the c owling back t o t he battom 01the
ru dder post. Nöldeck e was cred ited
w it h a si ng le vic tory, on July 3 ; on th e
22nd of that mont h he was lig htly
w ound ed but rema lned w it h th e
Jagdstaffel.
22
Sandini Sammlung
23
Sandini Sammlung
.'.
rear-view mirror and the OAW plaquette
mounted just beh ind t he cockpit on to p
, of th e fuse lage.
I
Jasta 6 from J astaschufe I on Augus t
15 1918 and Is seen here w it h hi s
Fokker D.VII(OAW). The in dividual
m ar king was a fuselage ba nd
.&64 'f65 displaying the Bavarian colo urs 01
fl
brue and white diamonds, th ou g h the
fo rmer colour is rendered nearly
invisible by the orthochromatic film.
This band b ore narrow black borders
and covered the se r ial number; a s on
N öldecke's machine tnr s was
,.
repainted on the datum line but is
sad ly iII egible due to heavy staining 01
the tabrjc . It is probable that the seri al
number w as so mew h ere in the 4500-
4600/1 8 ra n ge.
24
Sandini Sammlung
D.1148/~
~- -
1 11 -
& i
."
'
-= ===r '
'·'~'·····"'''·-b Plate 10A
I
-~~--
---.~ Typical Dr.1 finish of olive streak-
ing over clear fabric; lower sur-
faces of wings and tailplane were
turquoise blue. The unit stripes
on the tailplane were not of equal
width on most machines - check
Plate B) Albatros D.V 1148/17, Ltn. Hans Adam, 1917. photos. This top view (which
Finished in typical factory style of varnished fuselage , qreeri/ depicts Tüxen's Dr.l) also serves
grey metal panels and struts with dark green/mauve camouf- as a general guide for Plate 9.
Plate BA)
C~ ~ lage , pale blue below wings and clear-doped rudder, Adam's
Speculative camouflage pattern
for Adam's D.V; position of upper
~ ,-, ~ machine also bears Jasta 6 tail stripes and additional mark-
ings under the lower wing. Fuselage band is a dark colour as
wing crosses slightly further out-
is the nose, probably - shown black on the profile: see
board than OAW-built machines.
Photos 37and 38, pages 17 and 18.
Plate BB)
Plain black national insignia were
common, but not universal, on the
lower wing under surtaces of
Albatros D.Vs. The unit black/
white markings ofter strong ident-
ification from below.
,~/
are illustrated conjecturally as black and Finished in similar fashion to the machine in Plate 9, Iüxen's
white, although the dark central band might Dr.1 carries the unit's striped tailplane and black cowling, the
have been some other dark colour - see rudder cross has been converted by overpainting in white ;
Photo 48, page 21. see Photos 50,51 an d 52, page 21.
'"
()1
27
Sandini Sammlung
. ..
69. By September 28 t he Geschwader 70. A lonely O.VII si ts o u tsid e th e
had co mpleted a tran sfer 10 Metz, wco de n h angars at M a rvill e airfield,
where thi s photo was taken. Onl y three o c c up ie d b y th e Ge s chwader from
of the Fokkers in t his li ne-up bear Jasta D ctobe r 9 10 Novembe r 6 1918.
6 un it marking s- The fu lly-striped D.VII Slig ht d iscrepanc ie s i n the stri pe
was evi dently a Fo kker-built aircraft, p atterns of t his D.VII and thai in the
and elose inspection reveet s a subtle p reced ing pho to ind icat e that th ey
d ifferenc e w it h the prev iou s D.VII. The were t w o se p a rat e a ir c ra ft
unpa inted 'tozenge' fab ric of th e fi n of (or p erhaps o ne wh ich wa s
t he thirt! ma chin e t rom th e left repa mte ds].
indicates anothe r Fok ker produ ct, The Fo k ker·bu ilt fighter se en here
w hich bore more exte nsive nc se a p pare n tly h ad at least o n e st rea m er
stripe s l han usual but non e on th e a ffixe d t o its etevatcr an d w a s
w heel cover. A lengthwise w hite p ro bab ly f l o wn by Sfaffelführer
marking lan arrow or lance?) served as N eckel i n the fi na l, d e sperate weeks
an individual insignia. o f th e con flict .
28
Sandini Sammlung
Jasta 10
72. Jas ta 10 pilots pose for a group
photo in rate Ju ty 1917, about o ne
month after Jag dg eschwader I was
founded. Fro m left they are: 1) Uffz.
Hermann Brett ei; 2) Vzfw. Bausner; 3)
Vztw. Adam Barth ; 4) U n. Offerm an n; 5)
Oblt Ernst von Atthaus (commander);
6) Ltn. Malt Kühn; 7) Oblt Ern st
Weigand (deputy commander); 8) Un .
von Beber-Palubizki; 9) U n. Erich
Loewenhardt; 10} Vzfw. Aloys
Heldmann. ln the background is
Albatros O.V 1119/17, the machine of
Oblt von Althaus (note the high
headrest). This aircraft was marked
with the chrome yellow nose of Jasta
10, with the remainder ct the fuselage & 72
overpainted an unknown dark cctour;
The fuselage was further marked with a
prominent number 1 and an enigmatic
marking of five white dots and a bar.
This has been interpreted as (from the
port side only) as internatio nal Morse
code rcr H A, w ith th e suggested ...
association being for 'Hussar Atthaus',
in reference to his earlier service in th e
1st Regiment of th e 18th Hussars. (Via
\/
H J No warra )
29
Sandini Sammlung
30
Sandini Sammlung
32
Sandini Sammlung
" ,,*~
.. , -
.
,. ,
'.
34
Sandini Sammlung
35
Sandini Sammlung
3.
Sandini Sammlung
38
Sandini Sammlung
• •
jI
'.'- •:=--,,;;;;:--;
~-
_t:\~ dl ~
~
-h ~~
He
scnerne of dark green anc ._ ~--
wheel cove rs and black (1) and w hite
mauve segments - in Ihis
case auqm ented by per- . -==~ . rear fuse lage b and s - note how t he
sonal white snake marking,
eJ Ja sta marked these machines with indi-
vidual numbers under t he cen tre stru ts
- see Photo 78, paqe 31.
\, ~~>'"
, •o
6
.'J
-" -r-c-; -~
--L--1-'
1+
0 0 111 /17
o c
,~
,
~,
Plafe 15 A}
Uncer surtace delail ccm- Plate 16} Pfalz n.m, se r ta t number a n d pil ot unknown , 1917.
mon 10 Jasta 10 O.lIls; This profile is ba se d on the third Pfal z from the fett in the famous Pfa lz D.lllline-up
while-outlined lo wer w ing (see Pho to 88): It clearly had a white tail. W hile tne serial is unknown , Alo ys Held-
I; '"',
crcsses and their positions mann did say his earlier camo uflaged Pfalz had a wh ite ta il and probabl y a laler
were hal imarks ot OAW- aluminium one did too. Held m ann is recorded a s havin g f lown a 0 .111 seria l411 7/
/ built verslcns. 17. Fo r upper w ing markings style see Pla te 22A.
,..
~
Piste 11) Pf all D.IUa, sa rl s l and pilot u nk nown, 1918 .
Thill lIom8wha l IIpecu la li ve rec cn str ucncn i s bas ed on Pho to 96 (page 36 ).
Tha tuse'a ga l s shown pajn te d red bul eq uaUy I1c o uld have been blac k - yo u
cnoce e: The wh ite c utnnee 10 th e luselage and rudder markings ere unu llually
• •
~
la rg e.
• Piste IB A)
The wing s are lour-colour printed
labri c wilh tapes cu! trom tne
PIste 11A )
Upper su rrece del ail , Plate 17;
---- sam e material ; Ihe original 'iro n
c ross' markings have bee n con -
verted using a n eut ra l corou r a nd
the pilot's ini tia ls painted on Ihe
ste rboard etoe 01 th e wing in yet-
low.
lar ge u p pe r· win g ins ig ni a.
r
Sandini Sammlung
Jasta 11
108. Th oug h blemlshed, th is photo is
importa nt as it ts b etieved 10 show U n.
Georg Si mon's Albat ro s 0.111 0 .2015/
16 on t he Jasfa 11 airfield before its
capture on June 4 19 17.11 was painted
in t he uni t's red co lour over the entire
fuse lage and tau, with the exceptio n of
a persona l marking of a light green
band aft of th e cockpit From this
photo it seems likely that, in common
with same other J ;;,sta 11 Albatros
fighte rs, t he national markings o n the A 108 T 1Q9
fuselage aod vertical lall surreces
were overpainted with red paint 35
weil, no white cross outlines are
visible. A well-documented example of
the uni! practice (common in May·
June 19171 of applving red 10 most of
the fuselage and ta il, with aseparate
colour on a portion of t he airlrame 10
identity the pilot. (Via H H Wynne)
....112 ....113
entire fuselage aod tail, with t he
exceptio n of a white nose and erevator
which served to identity the pltot, Th e
wings remained in me usual
camouflage, probably stmnar 10 tnat
seen on Simon's 0 .111. Allmenröder was
cne of the leading pilots of the Jasta in
May end June, eaming the Pour Le
Merite on the 14th of the latter month.
He was eventualty credited with 30
vlctcrtes, (Via N H Hau p rich)
43
Sandini Sammlung
&119
46
Sandini Sammlung
47
Sandini Sammlung
..6.126
48
Sandini Sammlung
49
Sandini Sammlung
5.
Sandini Sammlung
\
wit h a d ark-coloured band ad ja ce nt to
the nat io na l in signia. Th e cross f ie lds
were paint ed over in ty p ica l Jasta 11
fas hio n, but th e most not ew orthy
reature ofthis Dr.l was t he remova l ct
th e axle w ing. A seven-victo ry ac e,
Scholz was a m ember of th e Kette
(flig ht ) led by Rittmeist er vo n
Richtho fen in the fatal encounter of
April 2 1 1918. s etrote surv ive d hi s
Geschwader-Kom mandeur by o nly
eleve n d ays, c ras hi ng fataUy in Or.l
591/17 w hen he steuec o n t ak e- off
from Cappy on Ma y 2. l ro nic ally, t he
orde r promoting him t o Leutnant
came through only brietl y after ht s
death, and he w as promoted
po sthumousl y. (Via P 5 Leaman)
.&.139 T140
141. Or.l161/17 was dlspatched from
Sc hwerin on Oec ember 16 1917. In
March 1918 t his Jasta 11 triplane was
f lown by Manfred von Richthofen on a
vis it to J asfa 5, where thi s p hoto was
taken . The cow ling, interplane struts
and possibly ca ba ne st ru ts w e re
ap parently red , and th e rern ain der of
the ma chin e fini shed similarly to 152/
17.
T141
140. Ltn. Werner Ste inhä use r ts cowlings, and struts we re ali li ke ly red,
pic tured sw inging t he Ax ial arrscrew of b ut th e co lours of the diago na l cross
this Jasta 11 Dr.I tor anothe r an d f uselage band are not es
(un ide ntified) p ilot. Thi s co lourlul Ic entrnabre. The 'facial' ma rk ings on t he
tripla ne was fitted w it h two orig ina l cowling (in yellow?) were no do ubt
sty le ailerons th at have had th e c hord inspired by Voss' F.I103/ 17. The rudder
of t heir aerodynamic ba lances was w hite, and t he possib itity of
red uced. Th e dark w hee l covers, te ilplane markings can no t be ruled out.
51
Sandini Sammlung
.:;."-
S2
Sandini Sammlung
- -
Sandini Sammlung
Plate 20AJ
Based on capture repcrts
which st ete the upper wi ng
cala urs as : 'Pale Brun-
swiek Green and Whitej
Dark veneuen Red /Oli ve
Green': Lcwer ", ing pattem
Ie specutalive. The th in red
pamt u s e d on Ihe luselag e Pla !e 2 0 } Albat ros D.lll 2015 /1 6 , U n. Gllo rg S iman, 19 17.
8nd ta il ha s allowed the Lln. Siman was ehc t do wn by Cap!. CM B Chapman ct No.29 Squadron, RFC on
natio na l markings and ser- June 4 1917 end l aken pri soner. This eirers " becam e Ihe subjecl 01 RFC
tattc s ho w Ihrough. reo crte. num erou s photo. end given th e ca p lu re number G42. Though in
All ied han ds some Ih ree w eeke betcre tne to rm aue n 01 Jagdgesc hwader I, it s
cctc ur sc he m e is th ough 10 be morceuve 01 Jasfa 11 practi c e 0 1t hi s penod.
Th e cere ure shown are b ased c los e ly on lhe rep ort descrip tion. - see p h oto s
o n pa g e 42. ~
_ ;o;,:..J
~
Pl ate 22AJ
Upper eurrac e d el ail -
no le orem . sm all sl y le wing
c rosses.
~
Pla t e 21 ) A lbatro s D.V, s e eta t u nk., U n oCar l Augu s t v o n SCho e n e b e c k .
Thts machin e le N I he la ct ory wilh cl ea r·va rnished p ly l use le ge ; wings and tau-
p lane cover ed in Iour- or uv e-c otccr pnnted fa bric and whi te-outlined in signia
in I he usua r eight c csmcns. H ere it i s depict ed in typic al J a sta 11 la shi on wi lh
torward luselag e. strut s and wh e el cove rs in unil red and Ih e l ail eu rtecee in
the pucrs per sona l co lo ur; hla c in von Schoenebeck's c ase. Th is p ra hle is
bas ed o n the euere o wn descripl ion rather t han trom p holograp hlC evlce nce .
'Cl
'+/
.~
Plate 2 3A J
Weiss' DrJ fro m
above - wing
croes style is "'A
speculative. ~ ~
Plafe 25AJ
. • r
': ....
v-
~
--* ~
l$l
~"t")
i 'iflt.'WI ~-:~37 .
I. L',
~
Plafe25 ) Fokker D.VII 2 86/1 8 , Un. Willy Gabri e l, 1918 .
This colourlul machine is weil documented (see p age s 60 and 61) and is Plate 26) O,V 1I 286/18
shown here in its interim cctcurs. The Fokker faclory scerne of cnveyturqucrse AI a tate r date, Gabriel had orange strlpes applied
luselage and lou r-colou r printed tebnc-cc vered wings has been enhanced by to the f uselag e top and stoes an d the unit colour
partial application 01 tne Jasta colour and Gabriel's personal sky blue and extended tc the undercaniage legs and wheel
orange markings on tusetece and taüptane . cove rs - see Photo 165, page 61.
~
Jasta 11 profiles © R L RimelljAlbatros Productions Ud., 1995.
Sandini Sammlung
., .
.. - from ahead. Next to Wenz l's machine
is one of Richthofen's an-red triplanes,
either 425/17 or m ore Iikely 152/17.
T he national ma rk ings o n bot h th e s e
•..
.. '~'
•
machines have on ly recentJybeen
a ltered 10 the initial fo r m of
&155 "'1 56 Balkenkreuz used at JG I, w ith thi c k
cross arms ot roug hly 1:3 ratio 01
w idth to len gth .
58
Sandini Sammlung
--'----- -
I
.
those of Wenzl's triplane. The ratnce
design on t he da rk f uselag e band was
Ste inhäuser's persona l insignia. The
c olours are t hought to ha ve been red
and go lden ye llow, those being the
co lours of his fo rmer regiment: Feld-
A rtillerie Rgt. Nr.61. These same
co lours we re repe ated as st ripes on
th e t ailplane, a co m mon Jasta 11 form
of id entific ation; however, their preci se
layout is difficult to d etermine. Aft er
ac hieving ten victorle s, Ste inhä user
fe ll on June 26, at t he ccntrors ct a
Fok ker D.VII.
60
Sandini Sammlung
~.
• j"' , , ' J.'
, p.
th ese - hi s combat report d escribed it
as havin g a, 'red fo rward fuselag e, w ith
': ' l ye llow tai/'.
. . ,..:·t)ft:
','" t6 7. A n evccauve scene or nve O.VII
;.r, t . ':
~~~~;A ,
f ighters of Jasta 11 bei ng p repar ed for
takeoff from Beu gneux. At fa r lett Is
~", . :'!>"' . Vzfw. Gabriel (abave th e ' X') next to hi s
.,65 O.VII286/18 which appears in its fin al
165. Gabriel's mechanics, with Uffz. urnmate co nfiguration, roug hi)' decor wi th orange st ripes on the
Schwi ckert in the centre, in front of matching the fo rm ofthe fu selage fu selage. Oonning his flying suit by the
286/ 18 in its rater guise . The aircraft c ros ses. The D.VII et lett bore a vertical second Fokker Is Oblt Eri c h Rüd ig er
now bore lengthwise orange st ripes dark band ; it s serta t is obscured by a von Wedel, w ho would later command
on t he tu selage sid es and decking. blemish on the original print, but it th e St affel a nd su rvive t he war w it h 11
The w ing c rosses were alt ered 10 th eir may have been 272/18. c red ited claims.
er
Sandini Sammlung
~1 6 9
under side of th e lu sel ag e indicates 170. Ob lt. Göring in a c loser loo k et fi el d 01vision and reduce thei r
t hat thi s was an early production hi s red and w hite O.VII. Th e aircraft di stracti on . Additionallythe rim 01 the
Fokker -built O.VII, w it h st re a ked was equipped w it h a tel esc opic s ig ht cock pit on thi s side was evidently c ut
cam ouflage o n t he sides and to p of and s he et m et al baffles o n th e down, prob ably ror ea sier entry. M any
t he lusel ag e. coa ming in Iront of t he co c kp it, t he read er s w ill b e temutar w it h motion
latter designed to de fl ect empty pict ure loot ag e 01Göring seated in
169. A poo r-quality bu t importan t cart ridg e cases away lrom t he pnct'e thi s airc ra ft , re moving h is Il ying to g s.
photo 01 Obi'. Hermann Göring, f ina l "'170
Komman deur of Jagdg eschwad er
Fre iherr von Ric htho fen Nr.I, a nd one
of hi s D.VII lighters. Contrary to
previ ously pu b li shed ca ptions, thi s
was not O.VII F 294/18, w it h a red nose
and ye llow rear fuselage. It w as in fac t
D.VII F 425 3/1 8 (Werk Nr. 29541 w it h
BMW engi ne number 1288 ; ale rt
rea ders wi ll q ui c kly p ic k up th e fact
t hat thi s was t he same atrcratt used by
Ern st Udet to score his fina l two
vtc tcnes (September 261 and
d esc ribed as having a red f uselage.
Obviously, Göring üew this aircraft
eit her berc re o r atter Ud et did, in
different m ar k ing s. Our ing Göring's
use the st ruts, wheel covers a nd
l uselage ahea d of t he cock pit we re
undo ubtedly re d. The rest 01th e
fuse lage aft 01th e cockpit certai nly
was white, a co lo ur Gö ring used as his
pers on al id entilicati o n on at least to ur
ai rcraft he üew in Jasta 27.
62
- Sandini Sammlung
&171
171. Hermann Göring in th e cock pit
of hi s red and w hite BMW-pow ered
D.VII. Thi s view gives a ctoser look at Fig . 12. Oblt. Hennann Göring's all -w hite O.VII as iIIustrated bel ow. D.VII
t he c ut-down cockpit side and a F5125/1 8 was in a il l ike li hood painted at the factory since th e we ig hts
hand le er gri p atta c hed 10 th e teer e. serta t numbers and w ing handling are as are presen l
adj acent co am ing.
I
d id not bear the co lo urs of Jasta 11 or
any of th e ot he r com po ne nt units ct JG
I. Fok ker D.VII F 5125/ 18 was in st ead
finished a1l o ver in Göring' s p ers onal
w hit e. Thi s BMW-powered O.VII w as
test ed and ac c epted o n Septe m ber 11
1918 and pro babl y di d not reach the
Front until a we ek er two tate t; Th e
hnmaculate fini sh and precisely-
applied se ria l and we ig hts table
stencil1ing may suggest t hat th is
airc raft was painted in thi s way at t he
factory ; Göring and Anthony Fo kker
k new each othe r quite we il. Agai n, the
cockpit rim ap pears to be c ut d own ,
and a han dle ts eve n affixe d j us t a head
er rt. An ea rne r hi p wo und and t he
arthritis Gö ring periodically suffered
from may have been t he reasons for
th ese m odif icatio ns.
=~
.' >
.... ,~........_--""','""......" "
. symbol of authority passed down from
the previcus J G I commanders
Ri chth ofen and Reinhard.
63
Sandini Sammlung
COLOUR NOTATIONS
COlOUR$ TYPtCALAPPLlCATION RECOMMENDEO METH UENJFSS9S REFS
(Ba sed on Jt udy cf
fobrla)
~R~:GRt:[ N Allxmooll'fall upper ", rlace c....... 3Of6/FS34069 . J(lf8J1$34151
f!EDBRQWN Alba lros upper ",rlace calour 6fl/FS 100591appro>/ . 6E8/FS31090 {apprrY(!
PAU BlU[ Albal'os lowe, wrface colour 2484IfSI5526!appro.!
PALE GIEY Melal pa""l~ "n,I,. elc. ICI/ID I - No di,..a FS march.
UlACIMNJVEI Albol' O,/F'lol, uPP'"r 'u rloee colau' 1806/F537144 - do. e,r bur, Iighrl" 100 ,ed,
CHROME YELLOW Jo,ro 10colou' ·wide "" ,;ol;an, 4A8JF523538
OLIVEBIOWN Drl/early D,VII uppe' surtace. 26F3IF5 14064/0l'pro.!
TUlOUOlSE Dr.l/earfy DVII unde' surface. 25C5IFS2424/oPP'O'I
RED lcsro 11 colour.wi(le YCIriahons 9A8IF512199,
174. As no te d previously
No le : TheseroIours ore not lied Ia partocular ",,trames ond sornplesmay be sub;ecrro tocIing. oge ond weolhering. however they
Jasta 4 marked the lusel ag e a'e oHeredos reosanabIe guides fo.- repe_lQt...... colour-s used on _ aI the rroadw>es .... troled ... ..... boolr. RLI
lo ngerons w it h co loured
'borders', usually i n black
and w hite. Fo kker D.VII F Pubnsbers ' not e A Kornerup and J H wen scher
4330/18 is th ou g ht to have For t he co nvenience 01 modellers, published by Methuen and Co., Ud.,
been one 01 tnese aircraft, M ethuen colour refer ences have been wh ile FS595B col our cards are
but in this case the d ar k- quot ed and ca n be found in the avanabie in th e UK Irom H G Hannant
c ctoured border d oes not Methu en Handb oo k of cotour by Ltd., Lo westoft, Suffolk.
appear to have b een b lack
alt ho ug h thi s may be d ue to
th e thin nature c t t he pai nt .
Th e loc ati on is t hought to be
M etz -Fresc aty airfield,
occupied bythe unit in early
Octo ber 1918.
64
Sandini Sammlung
•
BIBLlOGRAPH Y
'Detail Marlings ond f inish 01Fokker-bcrh D.VlI Airc;ra ff , D S Abbon, WWI Ae-o, N o.10 7, December 1985.
' Fckker DV lI Cove ring Pro cnces', D S A b bon, WWI Aero, No.102, Decemb er 1984.
Jagd in Flondems Himmel, I( 8odenscha tz, 1('1Orr & HiIth G mb H, 19 35.
5te pchild Pilot , J Doe rfboqer. Roben R Lonqo C o .. 19 59 .
'The Combo! Log 01 Jogdslolfel W . R Duiven and J Sands, Over Ihe Front, Volume 2, Nu mber l
The Red Knig ht 0' Germany. FGibbons, Doubledoy. 192 7-
' Reminiso:ences of laste 11 ', G W Groos (H J N Q'MJrro , 00-1. Cross& Codode Jovmo/ lUSt Volume 1.
Number 3.
'Found, The Los! Calors 01 Germony's Wor Birds', H D Hasting s ond P E Pa. ker, CO'l.''Olier. D ecem ber 19 60.
Warplane.~ on & lIle Dress 1914- 1918, H D Ha sting s and P E Parke r, Wal ke, Compa ny, 196 3 .
R'chrhofen : Be yond the Le g e nd 01 ,he Re d Boro n, P Ki ldu ff, Arms ond Armo ur Pre ss Lt d .,!Jo hn W iley & Sens.
1994
De Gebfijder Gobriel', A1eK Imrie, Cross & Cockode JoumaIIUS), volume 3, N umbe r 4. REAR COVER
'D.VlI: SidelighlS on foU::.er's Greal fighter', Ale KImrie, A;rcrofl lIIuslroled Extra Ncmber 7. Head ing illust rati on is vo n
1he foHer Triplone. A1ex Imrie, Arms.3. Armour Pre ss Ltd., 1992 . Rich thofen 's we ll·kn own red
Gennon fighter UmtsJune /917-1918, Alex lmrie, 'Osprey/Airwor No.l?', {)sprey Pub hsh ing , 19 78 . trip lan e 425 /17, t he f inish ct
'foI:; ker f a bric', P 5 leo mo n ond R G Gerrord, Cross,$ Cockode Journal (GB), Volume 6, N um ber 3. w hic h st ill eng enders
Von Rich,hofen and 'he f fying Ci rcus, H J Nowarro ond K 5 Brow n, Harl eyl o rd Pcbucc ucns Ud ., 19 64 . co nt rovers y. Th e painting
Aviarion Awords ot Imperial Germofl y in World War I, N W O'Co oo or, Poundono n Im Aviolian World Wo r I. show s th e m achine in one of
Vo lume I (19881, Vo lume 11 (19901, a nd Vo lum e 111119931. it s earllest guises, red
FoUer 0../ WINDSOCK DATAfllESpecial, R RimeU. ed .. Albatros P rodvclions Ltd.. 1991. overa ll w it h w hite outl ined
'Memoirs 01 Work! War I with Jagdslofleln 11 ond 4 ', G von der Oslen II Zocherias, edl, Cross ,$ Cooooe Eiserne Kreuz insig nia in
JoumoI tuS! VoIume 15, Nuraber 3. eig ht po siti on s and th e th in
The Fall of an Eagle, A van Ishoo-en IC Bowyer, ed.l, W,lliam Kim ber, 1977. red p aint bare ly c overing
'An Interview with Ralph A. O'Neill', N SOirley, e d .• ~r 'he troot. Volvme 2. Nvmber 2. t he bl ac k serial - see page
Der Rare Ka mpffliege r, M von Ric hlh o le n. Ulislein AG . 19 3 3. 57.
The Red Air fighrer, M von Richth olen, G ,ee nhill Bc ok s, 1990
M ein flieger/eb en , E Udet, Ullstein AG , 193 5 . Pro files
To p, Pfal z 0.111 1730/ 17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS fl own by Vzhv. Hec ht of
lkdessOfhefw;se credited, the photographs in lhis bool:. were provided through the g eoerosily 01 P M Grou ond J asta 10. Overa ll Silbergrau
olso H Hugil Wynne, 10 whom I am deeply indebled. I would also ~ke 10 express my debtio the resecrch corried with yellow unit ma rking s,
out in this lield by Alex Imrie, fe Ier KildvH, end Ihe kne hislorians Hei nz J Nowarra and H D Ha sling s . Grotilude blac k f uselag e st ri pes (a
i5also edended 10 D 5 Abbat! lor his inpu t ond adv;ce, and 10 the lollowing who have reodered vcoous th ird ap peared on t he upper
osseto nce with photcs a nd informo tio n: Rich ar d Duive n, Howard fishe r, Jo n Gu ttmo n, Suzanne Ho ycs, N H p ort w ing ) and d eep g ree n
Hauprich, 5 T Lewsen. foul Lee mon. Dr Jam e s J Porks, Neo! W 0' Ccono; JeHrey Sands, a nd Geo rge H tau un il. Th e orig ina l rudd er
Willioms. Tha nks are also due rc the aUlhor's col leagues c n the sla U end Board 01 (),,-er the fron t fo r permission Is in store at t he RAF
to use som e ma lerial olreody publ ished in Ihor excellenl journoL The condusions ond opinions es pressed in rhis MlJse um's st orage fac ility at
publicalion ore lhe oulhor's ~bility olone. 'G VanWyn garden ' 0 Cardingto n a nd t rac es ofthe
origina l green pain t match
M ethuen 26F7/ FB - see
• . .and there's much much more! pag e 34 .
~
FOKKER DYIII
18 (w/n 295 4) wa s at one
time ücwn by Ern st Udet, it
r'" ",! was also uowo by Oblt.
~"" Herm ann Göring who had
hi s 'pe rso na l' w hite
c' l o ."!-•• .,.
c o lo uration a pp lied to the
rea r fu selage - see page
62.
PUBLISHERS' STATEMENT.
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shops, museum s ond boak shops by Bill De a n Boo ks, Ud., PO Box 69, New York 11357, USA ITel: 1·7 18 359 69691. Designed, ed ile d o nd pro duced
by RL Ri me ll Co-pu blisher: A M Haga n. Colo ur p rol ile s by RL Rirnell. Mo na d raw ing5 by G re g VonWyngarden. Mo no origi no tion. pr inling and
blooing in Greal Britain by The Magazine Prinr;ng Compony Limi te<!, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 7NT. Calour originotion by Columbia Ollsel (UKand
Singaporel. The conlents of Ihis publicolion ore slricl/y copyright ond may rlOI be rep.-oduced or lransmil,ed in ony form whol:soe-.-e<; ei/her in
whoJe er in pari, wi,hool the prior. wrillen consent aI Albolros Productions. Lid 0
Sandini Sammlung
uen ~llid,tI,ufento
'iJh,it'ß <fil'cUO
WINDSOCK
+
FABRIC
SPECIAL
No. 1 Pr lnted In Greol Brito in