A L-U-V-Wy Recovery

April 6th, 2020

Summary
• There has been considerable speculation as to the shape of the market’s recovery.

• Practitioners have taken to using letters as short hand for the recovery they forecast. Whether the market makes a fast
V-shaped recovery, a slower U-based formation, a W-style double-bottom, or an L-shaped reset is heavily debated.

• As a path dependent strategy, trend following will behave differently in each of these types of outcomes. More
specifically, a given trend specification may or may not be successful for a given drawdown depth, speed, and shape.

• In this commentary, we use Brownian Bridges to simulate out different market recovery paths. Over these paths we
run different trend following models, summarizing their performance.

• We find that success is highly outcome specific. For investors with a particular view (or probability-weighted set of
views) as to how recoveries will play out, these results may help guide their choice of trend-following model.

• For investors without strongly held views, we believe these results continue to reinforce the importance of a diversified
approach.

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Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

About Newfound Research

While other asset managers focus on alpha, our first focus is on managing risk. We know investors care deeply about
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How? We believe in systematic, disciplined, and repeatable decision-making powered by the evidence-based insights of
consistent, thoughtful research. Specifically, we focus on the high conviction application of the major quantitative investment
“styles” – i.e. value, momentum, carry, defensive, and trend – within tactical asset allocation.

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Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

The extreme nature of the recent equity market sell-off means that your mileage with trend-following will have varied
dramatically depending upon the models you employed, the assets you traded, and even when you rebalanced your
portfolio.

In this commentary we want to ask a bit of a different question: how might we expect different trend-following strategies to
perform going forward? What happens, for example, if we really did hit market bottom already and we experience a rapid
V-shaped recovery? Or, conversely, what happens if we drift lower into a perpetual market malaise?

In this commentary, we aim to explore some of these questions by simulating different drawdown and recovery scenarios.
Specifically, for a given drawdown depth and speed we will trace out four distinct market patterns:

• V: The market reaches its max drawdown and then rallies back to peak value.

• U: The market reaches its max drawdown, meanders sideways for a bit, and then rallies back to its peak value.

• W: The market reaches its max drawdown, retreats up to 75% of the peak value, falls back to the max drawdown,
and then rallies back to the peak.

• L: The market reaches its max drawdown after and then meanders sideways.

For each scenario (i.e. drawdown depth, speed, and shape) we simulate 25,000 market paths. We attach these paths to
the S&P 500’s returns prior to April 3rd, 2020. We then run a number of different long/flat trend-following strategies and
report the median forward performance achieved over the simulations.

Drawdown levels are assumed to be total drawdown from all-time highs (measured as of market close). At close on April
3rd, 2020, the market was at a -26.2% drawdown.

Note that forward performance is based upon market levels as of market close on April 3rd, 2020. From that point, the
market would need to rally 35.5% to return to all-time highs.

A Bit More Detail

If you’re interested in a bit more of the technical detail, read on. Otherwise, feel free to skip to the next section for the
results.

To achieve our desired market shapes, we employ Brownian Bridges, assuming zero drift and constant volatility of 25%.
This is somewhat unrealistic, as markets exhibit jumps and stochastic volatility, but we’re looking for “directionally correct”
not “perfectly precise” with this analysis.

For a given N-day drawdown, we draw each pattern as:

• V: The market reaches its max drawdown after N days and then rallies back to peak value after N+33 days.

• U: The market reaches its max drawdown after N days, meanders sideways for N days, and then rallies back to its
peak value in N+33 days.

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

• W: The market reaches its max drawdown after N days, retreats up to 75% of the peak value after N/2 days, falls
back to the max drawdown after N/2 days, and then rallies back to the peak after N+33 days.

• L: The market reaches its max drawdown after N days and then meanders sideways for N days.

Note that the extra +33 days are to account that market peak occurred 33 trading days ago.

As an example, if we have a V-shaped recovery with a 40% drawdown over a 21-day period, we assume the market falls
from 2481.9 to 2017.6 over a 21-day period, and then recovers from 2017.6 to 3362.7 over a 54-day period.

Using these assumptions, we plot example paths for each shape below.

Example Shape Paths (40% Drawdown and 252-Day Period)

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

S&P 500 V U W L

Source: Tiingo. Calculations by Newfound Research.

Note that, by construction, all the paths seem to converge at the same drawdown level at t=751. While this point represents
the drawdown target (in this case, 40% from the S&P 500 peak), it does not represent the maximum drawdown that is
possible for a given path. Clearly, the generated V, U, and L paths all hit much lower levels.

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

The Results
The tables below are sorted by target drawdown level. For a given max drawdown, we then have tables for V-, U-, W-, and
L-shaped recoveries.

Each row of the table reflects the speed of the recovery in trading days. We range the speed from 7- to 378-days
(approximately 1.5 years). Please note that this speed does not reflect the span of the entire recovery. For example, for a
U-shaped recovery taking 126 days, we assume 126 more days of losses, 126 days of sideways performance, and 159
days for the recovery (please see technical section above for more specific details).

Before reviewing the results, we cannot stress enough that the precision of decimal places should not be mistaken for
accuracy. The goal of this exercise is to develop a broad-based, directional comprehension of how trend signals might
behave under given market patterns. There is no reason to believe the market will necessarily follow any of these patterns.
Furthermore, we report only a median performance number, when in reality there are 25,000 simulations with distinct – and
sometimes quite wide ranging – outcomes.

Nor do these tables capture drawdown avoided, which is often an important consideration of those using trend models.

(Note that we use moving-average-crossover signals here rather than time-series momentum or price-minus-moving-
average models. There was no particular reason for this choice other than we already had some code written up that made
this analysis easier! While there is not a direct 1-for-1 mapping between these signals, a 12-month time-series momentum
signal would likely be similar to the 20x100 or 50x150 results).

Nevertheless, with that out of the way, let’s dive into the results.

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

30% Drawdown

"V" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 28.9% 26.4% 22.6% 15.0% 8.9% 5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -3.2% 0.9% 7.7% 13.9% 35.5% 35.5%
21 31.4% 31.1% 30.3% 24.8% 19.0% 13.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -2.6% -3.7% -5.2% -3.1% 4.3% 35.5%
63 27.3% 28.3% 29.2% 30.9% 31.0% 29.6% 17.2% 10.4% 7.2% 3.0% 0.5% -0.3% -2.5% -3.5% 0.7%
126 21.1% 21.9% 22.9% 23.7% 24.7% 26.5% 28.6% 24.7% 20.1% 19.6% 12.6% 8.6% 9.6% 4.3% -4.9%
252 15.7% 15.8% 16.0% 16.6% 17.1% 17.1% 18.8% 20.6% 24.0% 23.3% 25.0% 20.9% 24.0% 18.0% 12.7%
378 13.9% 13.6% 13.6% 13.2% 12.9% 12.9% 13.4% 13.7% 14.1% 14.0% 15.1% 17.5% 15.8% 18.8% 18.1%

"U" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 30.0% 29.6% 26.0% 18.4% 11.8% 7.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -5.2% -5.2% -0.1% 4.1% 19.7% 35.5%
21 34.6% 35.7% 33.9% 30.4% 26.6% 20.9% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% -2.6% -3.7% -5.2% -5.2% -5.3% 35.5%
63 24.5% 25.4% 26.7% 27.8% 30.7% 32.9% 29.7% 21.7% 14.9% 13.5% 5.2% 2.3% 0.3% -2.7% -5.2%
126 17.8% 18.2% 18.6% 19.4% 20.0% 21.4% 26.1% 29.4% 29.2% 28.4% 26.3% 19.0% 24.9% 14.0% 5.3%
252 12.7% 12.2% 11.8% 11.9% 11.6% 11.2% 12.2% 13.5% 14.6% 14.4% 15.9% 17.8% 16.3% 19.5% 20.1%
378 11.1% 10.4% 9.7% 9.0% 8.1% 7.1% 6.5% 5.8% 5.3% 6.1% 5.9% 6.2% 6.8% 6.6% 8.4%

"W" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 13.0% 30.9% 23.9% 16.6% 10.3% 6.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.3% -2.7% 2.9% 7.9% 29.0% 35.5%
21 5.6% 5.7% 2.1% 6.1% 27.0% 17.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -2.6% -3.7% -5.2% 5.0% -4.7% 35.5%
63 35.2% 30.3% 25.9% 14.4% 7.8% 4.1% 4.9% 11.4% 8.7% 11.3% 2.3% 0.4% -1.1% -3.1% 12.7%
126 38.1% 37.9% 36.4% 30.1% 25.4% 21.7% 3.6% -3.6% -6.9% -8.9% -3.9% -7.4% 4.2% 1.1% 12.3%
252 25.1% 26.1% 26.8% 26.7% 27.3% 26.3% 16.3% 11.9% 8.2% 6.5% 0.7% -6.1% -2.2% -10.6% -12.5%
378 18.3% 18.3% 18.5% 19.0% 19.1% 19.3% 16.8% 13.0% 8.7% 8.6% 3.9% -0.1% 2.2% -2.6% -7.4%

"L" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -5.2% -5.2% -5.2% -5.2% -5.2% -5.2%
21 -2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -2.6% -3.7% -5.2% -5.2% -5.3% -5.2%
63 -6.8% -7.0% -6.9% -5.9% -3.8% -2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -1.0% -1.5% -2.1% -2.6% -3.5% -5.4%
126 -7.5% -8.1% -8.5% -8.5% -9.0% -9.0% -5.1% -2.7% 0.0% -2.9% -1.5% -1.5% -2.0% -2.2% -4.8%
252 -7.8% -8.4% -9.0% -9.7% -10.6% -11.2% -11.7% -12.2% -12.1% -11.5% -10.0% -9.3% -9.3% -8.6% -6.6%
378 -8.0% -8.7% -9.4% -9.8% -10.8% -11.6% -12.9% -14.1% -15.2% -14.4% -15.4% -15.9% -15.1% -15.2% -13.1%

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

40% Drawdown

"V" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 34.5% 32.4% 27.7% 16.9% 9.1% 4.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -17.7% -14.0% -8.1% -4.1% 12.4% 35.5%
21 45.4% 41.3% 38.5% 30.5% 23.7% 16.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -8.7% -12.2% -16.6% -18.7% -12.6% 35.5%
63 48.8% 51.1% 50.9% 46.5% 42.9% 39.5% 21.8% 12.5% 7.9% 0.1% -3.7% -5.9% -7.9% -10.7% -17.5%
126 36.9% 39.9% 42.3% 43.5% 46.9% 48.1% 39.1% 33.9% 27.6% 25.0% 14.7% 8.4% 9.2% 0.7% -12.4%
252 25.3% 26.9% 28.3% 29.8% 32.2% 33.9% 37.9% 42.1% 42.1% 40.1% 36.2% 30.7% 32.7% 25.1% 12.3%
378 20.0% 20.7% 21.5% 22.6% 23.5% 24.7% 28.2% 30.4% 32.5% 31.1% 35.3% 36.2% 34.5% 33.8% 26.1%

"U" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 41.0% 37.2% 33.5% 22.1% 13.5% 7.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -18.7% -18.8% -16.6% -13.7% -3.4% 35.5%
21 58.3% 53.6% 49.4% 40.4% 34.8% 27.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% -8.7% -12.2% -16.6% -18.7% -18.7% -1.8%
63 48.7% 51.4% 52.7% 55.8% 57.0% 54.5% 39.1% 29.5% 19.9% 14.8% 2.7% -2.8% -5.9% -10.6% -18.7%
126 33.8% 36.9% 39.3% 41.4% 44.5% 45.9% 52.6% 50.3% 46.2% 44.0% 35.0% 24.5% 29.8% 15.0% -1.9%
252 21.9% 23.0% 24.0% 25.1% 27.0% 28.8% 33.3% 36.5% 38.3% 36.2% 40.9% 41.7% 40.8% 39.8% 32.0%
378 17.0% 17.3% 17.6% 18.1% 18.3% 19.3% 21.8% 23.8% 25.5% 24.2% 27.1% 28.0% 26.4% 28.0% 28.1%

"W" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 35.1% 32.1% 30.0% 19.3% 11.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -6.9% -18.7% -13.3% -9.8% 2.4% 35.5%
21 -1.5% -6.3% -6.8% 26.2% 27.6% 23.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -8.7% -12.2% -16.6% -18.7% 14.0% 14.0%
63 60.8% 52.4% 42.8% 17.2% 4.3% -0.1% 11.6% 20.9% 14.6% 8.6% -1.2% -4.9% -7.6% -10.7% -15.0%
126 72.5% 70.8% 67.6% 55.7% 48.7% 40.1% -1.3% -8.2% -11.0% -14.9% -6.1% -6.6% 9.1% 6.1% 5.2%
252 52.1% 55.9% 58.6% 57.7% 58.1% 56.0% 37.1% 28.8% 18.9% 14.5% 0.9% -6.9% -6.5% -15.2% -19.8%
378 37.5% 40.5% 42.9% 44.4% 47.2% 48.7% 42.4% 36.6% 30.9% 28.0% 20.8% 12.0% 15.6% 3.2% -11.9%

"L" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -18.7% -18.8% -18.7% -18.7% -18.7% -18.7%
21 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -8.7% -12.2% -16.5% -18.7% -18.8% -18.7%
63 -6.0% -4.8% -4.1% -2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -3.3% -4.7% -6.7% -7.9% -10.6% -18.7%
126 -10.4% -9.9% -9.6% -8.6% -7.6% -6.5% -2.0% 0.0% 0.0% -2.5% -2.6% -3.6% -4.3% -6.0% -12.5%
252 -12.8% -13.2% -13.2% -13.0% -13.0% -12.8% -11.3% -10.0% -8.6% -9.2% -7.8% -7.2% -8.1% -7.5% -9.2%
378 -13.6% -14.1% -14.4% -14.4% -14.8% -15.0% -15.1% -14.9% -14.6% -14.7% -14.3% -13.4% -14.0% -13.0% -13.1%

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

50% Drawdown

"V" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 44.8% 39.6% 33.8% 18.9% 9.2% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -32.3% -28.6% -23.5% -20.8% -9.5% 35.5%
21 63.6% 55.9% 49.5% 37.6% 28.8% 19.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -15.2% -20.1% -26.3% -29.4% -29.0% 13.7%
63 79.8% 77.4% 74.1% 65.8% 59.3% 52.9% 27.4% 14.7% 8.3% -3.3% -7.9% -11.2% -13.2% -17.5% -31.0%
126 66.9% 71.9% 75.4% 75.3% 74.2% 71.1% 53.7% 45.5% 36.3% 31.3% 16.9% 7.5% 8.5% -3.2% -19.6%
252 43.1% 47.6% 51.3% 54.5% 59.9% 63.9% 68.2% 66.4% 62.0% 58.5% 49.9% 41.6% 43.9% 32.8% 12.5%
378 31.9% 34.9% 37.4% 40.2% 44.2% 48.0% 55.0% 59.7% 64.3% 59.8% 60.1% 55.3% 56.6% 48.8% 33.6%

"U" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 56.3% 47.6% 42.1% 26.3% 15.1% 7.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -32.3% -32.3% -32.3% -30.8% -22.6% 35.5%
21 86.5% 77.9% 70.4% 55.8% 45.3% 35.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -15.1% -20.1% -26.3% -29.4% -32.3% -26.6%
63 84.8% 85.0% 87.3% 88.7% 87.5% 81.0% 53.5% 38.8% 25.3% 16.1% -0.4% -8.4% -12.1% -17.5% -31.1%
126 65.6% 71.4% 75.2% 77.3% 78.2% 79.7% 83.7% 76.4% 67.0% 62.5% 45.7% 30.7% 36.8% 16.6% -8.4%
252 39.6% 43.6% 47.3% 50.7% 56.2% 60.8% 67.0% 69.1% 73.7% 70.1% 72.6% 68.8% 69.2% 62.0% 46.7%
378 28.4% 31.2% 33.0% 35.1% 38.9% 42.3% 49.4% 54.5% 58.3% 55.5% 57.5% 60.0% 56.1% 60.3% 54.4%

"W" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 48.0% 40.8% 37.1% 22.4% 12.5% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -32.3% -1.3% -28.8% -26.2% -17.2% 35.5%
21 -8.1% -10.5% -6.7% 49.5% 35.2% 28.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -15.1% -20.1% -26.3% -29.4% -15.8% -15.7%
63 98.6% 79.1% 60.7% 20.6% 2.1% -4.6% 22.3% 27.9% 18.3% 7.8% -5.1% -10.5% -13.2% -17.5% -31.0%
126 131.6% 127.7% 121.2% 96.2% 78.1% 59.3% -5.4% -14.2% -15.8% -19.7% -7.7% 10.6% 14.5% 7.9% -1.4%
252 105.4% 113.4% 117.8% 112.4% 110.4% 105.3% 67.6% 47.3% 28.9% 21.1% 0.2% -9.5% -11.9% -21.9% -25.5%
378 75.0% 83.2% 89.8% 92.4% 98.4% 101.0% 83.6% 74.9% 64.8% 58.4% 40.3% 22.1% 29.2% 6.8% -19.4%

"L" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -32.3% -32.3% -32.3% -32.3% -32.3% -32.3%
21 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -15.2% -20.1% -26.3% -29.4% -32.3% -32.3%
63 -3.3% -3.0% -2.8% -1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -5.8% -8.2% -11.3% -13.2% -17.5% -31.1%
126 -9.6% -8.2% -7.1% -5.9% -5.0% -4.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -3.3% -4.5% -6.4% -7.6% -10.1% -19.6%
252 -16.0% -15.2% -14.7% -13.8% -12.7% -11.6% -8.4% -7.1% -6.2% -7.5% -7.0% -6.1% -8.2% -7.4% -12.4%
378 -18.1% -17.9% -17.6% -17.2% -16.9% -16.3% -14.5% -13.2% -11.9% -12.8% -11.5% -11.1% -12.1% -11.8% -14.2%

Newfound Research LLC | 380 Washington Street, Second Floor | Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 | p: 617-531-9773 | w: thinknewfound.com
Case #9975480
 April 6th, 2020

60% Drawdown

"V" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 59.2% 48.9% 41.0% 20.9% 8.8% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -45.8% -43.3% -39.2% -36.4% -28.6% 35.5%
21 89.1% 76.2% 65.1% 47.0% 34.8% 23.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -21.1% -27.8% -35.4% -38.9% -45.1% -19.7%
63 118.2% 112.1% 106.0% 92.8% 81.8% 71.0% 33.7% 16.9% 8.4% -7.3% -12.0% -16.3% -18.7% -24.2% -40.4%
126 117.2% 121.9% 121.8% 114.7% 108.3% 101.8% 73.9% 60.3% 47.1% 38.9% 19.2% 6.3% 7.7% -7.9% -26.5%
252 78.0% 87.5% 95.0% 99.7% 107.3% 112.5% 103.8% 95.8% 87.8% 81.3% 68.1% 54.8% 58.4% 41.9% 13.3%
378 56.1% 62.6% 68.9% 74.0% 83.0% 90.4% 99.7% 104.5% 102.0% 96.9% 88.7% 78.7% 81.8% 68.0% 44.0%

"U" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 77.2% 61.5% 52.7% 31.1% 16.5% 7.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8% -40.6% 35.5%
21 127.6% 112.8% 100.1% 77.0% 58.5% 44.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -21.1% -27.8% -35.5% -38.9% -45.8% -45.8%
63 132.1% 132.0% 136.0% 135.5% 131.4% 118.4% 73.5% 50.6% 31.7% 17.4% -4.2% -14.5% -18.3% -24.3% -40.4%
126 119.0% 125.8% 128.5% 126.2% 124.7% 128.9% 128.4% 112.3% 95.6% 87.7% 61.0% 38.3% 47.2% 18.5% -14.7%
252 75.0% 83.9% 91.3% 97.6% 106.6% 112.6% 112.9% 116.3% 122.7% 114.8% 114.3% 104.1% 106.6% 91.0% 65.8%
378 52.5% 59.0% 64.4% 69.9% 78.1% 85.3% 98.2% 105.0% 105.2% 101.2% 102.5% 106.0% 99.7% 102.2% 85.8%

"W" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 65.7% 52.6% 45.8% 25.7% 13.1% 4.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -45.8% -10.4% -44.6% -42.6% -35.3% 35.5%
21 -14.5% -13.0% -4.7% 55.8% 44.9% 35.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -21.1% -27.8% -35.5% -38.9% -41.7% -38.4%
63 149.1% 114.6% 84.9% 25.1% -0.7% -10.1% 38.4% 35.6% 22.2% 6.9% -9.7% -16.0% -18.6% -24.2% -40.5%
126 237.3% 222.8% 202.9% 150.1% 114.7% 84.1% -10.6% -22.2% -20.8% -24.3% -7.5% 23.9% 22.8% 7.6% -8.7%
252 210.7% 223.2% 227.8% 211.2% 202.6% 189.6% 105.4% 69.0% 40.2% 27.7% -1.5% -13.8% -18.6% -30.7% -30.0%
378 155.8% 174.4% 187.7% 189.1% 196.7% 197.0% 154.8% 133.4% 107.4% 97.1% 61.2% 32.3% 43.3% 9.5% -27.9%

"L" Shaped Recovery

10x30 10x40 10x50 20x60 20x80 20x100 50x150 50x200 50x250 75x225 75x300 75x375 100x300 100x400 200x400
7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8% -45.8%
21 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -21.1% -27.8% -35.5% -38.9% -45.8% -45.8%
63 -2.7% -2.7% -2.4% -0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -8.6% -12.1% -16.3% -18.7% -24.2% -40.4%
126 -6.6% -5.0% -4.4% -4.1% -4.1% -3.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -4.7% -6.7% -9.2% -10.9% -14.6% -26.5%
252 -16.6% -14.7% -13.2% -11.7% -9.7% -8.4% -6.3% -5.9% -5.0% -7.5% -7.0% -6.3% -9.1% -9.0% -16.7%
378 -21.2% -20.2% -19.1% -18.2% -16.5% -15.0% -11.8% -9.7% -8.7% -10.2% -10.1% -10.6% -11.3% -12.1% -16.5%

Some broad thoughts:

• When reviewing these tables, it is important to recognize that not all of the outcomes are necessarily high probability
events. For example, the 200x400 system would have a further -40% loss if the market hits a total drawdown of
60% over the next 7-63 days. Similarly, the 10x30 system would have a 100%+ return if the market fell to a 60%
drawdown and then completely recovered in a fast V- or U-shaped recovery. We’ll leave to the reader to assign
their own probabilities to these types of outcomes.

• For a shallow and fast V-shaped recovery, both very fast and very slow signals appear to work. Very fast signals
have already turned off and will turn on quickly enough; very slow signals are still on and therefore won’t ever turn
off! Intermediate signals, however, risk flipping off near the lows and staying off during the subsequent rally.

• If a V or U persists for too long, however, the latent volatility (here assumed to be a static 25%) can cause issues
for fast-moving models, as the long-term trend is too shallow compared to the short-term noise. We do not show it

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hear, but the more drawn-out the drawdown and the higher the latent volatility, the more likely that the short-term
models will be whipsawed.

• In deeper, U-shaped recoveries, intermediate-term models (e.g. 20x100 or 50x150) shine. The depth of the
drawdown gives them enough time to turn off and the bottoming process gives them enough time to normalize and
re-enter as the market turns back up. Short-term signals also seem to do quite well, but obviously require much
more trading and we do not explicitly account for transaction costs here.

• Instead of the usual gradient, the tables for W-shaped recoveries exhibit many more “islands” where a given model
and speed will either really work, or really fail, compared to peers around it. This style of recovery is where a model
risks being double whipsawed or, conversely, missing both drawdowns and catching both upsides and therefore
capturing more than just the recovery back to all-time highs.

• L’s are pretty much a loser for everyone across the board, which is no real surprise. Without shorting, the best we
can do is try to protect. Here the results are all about, “how quickly did you get out” and “were you able to avoid
whipsaw as the market went sideways along the bottom.” Fast models, which are already out, will likely protect
more on the immediate downside, but risk being whipsawed in a prolonged sideways market. Slower signals, on
the other hand, may do better at avoiding whipsaw in such a scenario.

• For the horizons we’re looking at, super long-term trends don’t seem to add much value unless the drawdown is
very deep and prolonged. This aligns with all the research we’ve done in the past that demonstrates that the
convexity of a trend following system must be measured over a horizon that is similar to the model speed. Put
rhetorically: why would we ever expect a slow-moving trend system to react to the fastest equity sell-off in U.S.
history?

Conclusion
In this note, we explored the potential outcomes for simple long/flat equity trend models given potential V-, U-, W-, and L-
shaped market recoveries.

The results come as no surprise: as a path dependent strategy, the depth of the market drawdown, time horizon, and
recovery shape all play a critical role in determining the success or failure of a given model.

For investors with a view as to how a recovery may play out, these tables might provide some guidance as to the types of
trend following models they might look to employ. Even a probabilistic view could be used as a weighting mechanism for
several systems (being careful to consider correlation among those systems, however).

For investors who do not hold a strong view, however, we believe these tables continue to reinforce the importance of a
diversified approach.

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