cardiologist: Circulatory System 

Function(s): ​transports oxygen,   

carbon dioxide, nutrients and other 
materials throughout the Body 
 
Heart Diagram: 
1. ​Right atrium (RA) 

2. ​Right ventricle (RV) 

3. ​Left Atrium (LA) 

4. ​Left Ventricle (LV) 

5. ​Pulmonary Artery (PA) 

6.​ ​Aorta (AR) 

7. ​Superior Vena Cava (SVC) 

 
8. ​Inferior vena cava (IVC)  Use Red arrows to show oxygen-rich blood 
Flow; Use blue arrows to show oxygen-poor 
9 ​Pulmonary vein (PV)  blood flow. Identify the 4 valves​. 
 

Vocabulary:   Components of Blood 

​ 3 types of blood Vessels  RED BLood Cell- ​carries oxygen 
Capillary- ​allow for exchange of CO​2​,   
O​2​, and nutrients; one cell thick  White Blood cell- ​fight infection 
Artery- ​carry blood away from the   
heart  Plasma- ​yellowish liquid part of blood 
Vein- ​bring blood to the heart   
  Platelet- ​cell fragments that clot 
blood 

Explain the Path of Oxygen-Rich and Oxygen- Poor Blood 

Through the Body:​ ​Practice Game: ​ ​http://www.purposegames.com/game/labeling-heart-anatomy-game 
Pulmonary Circulation 
Oxygen-Poor Blood ​Enters heart through SVC & IVC → RA →tricuspid valve →RV →​ ​PV 
→PA→ Lungs (to pick up ​O​2​ and get rid of ​CO​2​- ​becomes oxygen-rich blood​)  
Systemic Circulation 
Oxygen-Rich Blood ​Exits lungs through PV →Enters heart through LA → mitral 
valve-->LV -->aorta → Oxygen-rich Blood is sent all over the body (drops off ​ O​2​ ​and 
picks up C​O​2​) 

Interactions with other  Interactions with other 

systems(#1):  systems(#2): 
The digestive system releases nutrients into  The heart is made up of cardiac muscle tissue 
the bloodstream at the small intestines. These  of the muscular system. The blood vessels are 
nutrients are delivered throughout the body  also lined with muscle that help push blood 
by the circulatory system.  throughout the body. 
 PUlmonologist: Respiratory System 
Function(s): 
Brings in oxygen and releases carbon 
dioxide 
 
Respiratory system 
Structures: 
1.​ ​Nasal passage 

2. ​mouth 

3. ​Larynx​ -voice box 

4. ​lung 

5. ​right bronchi/bronchial tube 

6. ​diaphragm-​ dome- shaped skeletal 

muscle; separates the chest and 
abdominal cavities 

7. ​pharynx- ​throat 

8. ​trachea- ​windpipe 

9.​ left bronchi   

Describe the flow of Air 
10. ​bronchiole 
through the 
11. ​alveoli  Respiratory system. 
   
Inhalation: Air enters the mouth and/or 
Vocabulary:  nasal passage→ pharynx → larynx → 
  trachea→ <Lungs> bronchial tubes → 
Alveoli​- ​tiny air sacs surrounded by  bronchioles ​→​ alveoli (CO​2​⇄ O​2​) and 
capillaries; gas exchange takes place here  Exhalation: reverse order 
(CO​2​⇄ O​2​); Look like clusters of grapes   
  INHALATION: ​The diaphragm contracts and 
Epiglottis- a flap of tissue that closes  pulls down and the lungs fill with O​2 
over the trachea when you swallow   
food/drink.  EXHALATION:​ The diaphragm relaxes and 
moves inward and the lungs release CO​2 

Interactions with  Interactions with other 

other systems(#1):  systems(#2): 
The oxygen that is brought into the body  The respiratory system is a part of the 
by the respiratory system is released  excretory system because it gets rid of 
into the bloodstream so that the  carbon dioxide and excess water (vapor). 
circulatory system can deliver it all over  The breathing/respiratory system is 
the body as needed  controlled by the brainstem (nervous 
  system). 
 Gastroenterologist: Digestive System 
Function(s): 
Breaks down food for useable 
nutrients for the body 
Digestive System 
-structures & Function: 
1. ​Mouth​- cavity in which chemical &  
physical digestion begins 

2. Salivary glands- ​release enzymes to 

break down food 

3. Stomach- ​muscular sac with 

hydrochloric acid; churns to break down 
food  

*4. Pancreas- ​releases enzymes into the 

small intestine to digest carbohydrates, 
proteins, and fats. 

5. Small intestine- ​absorbs nutrients into 

bloodstream 
 
6. Rectum- ​stores feces until release from   
the body  Describe the PAth of Food & 
The Digestion Process: 
7. Anus- ​releases feces from the body 
Mechanical and chemical digestion begins in 
8. appendix  the mouth. The moistened mass of food 
(bolus) passes through the pharynx (throat) 
9 large intestine- ​remove extra water from  into the esophagus. Wave-like contractions, 
undigested food  called peristalsis, push food into the 
stomach. The stomach churns to break 
*10. Liver- ​makes bile, a substance that 
down food while hydrochloric acid, and 
breaks down fat 
other digestive juices, chemically transform 
*11. Gallbladder-​ stores bile  the bolus into a soupy mixture called 
 
chyme. The chyme moves into the small 
intestine where fingerlike projections, called 
*Accessory Organs:   villi, absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. 
(food does NOT pass through these organs!)  The soupy chyme mixture passes into the 
Mechanical digestion-  large intestine where excess water is 
physically breaking down food  removed. The leftover/undigested food 
  moves into the rectum and is stored until it 
Chemical Digestion- ​chemical  is pushed out of the anus. 
reactions that breaks down food into new 
substances 

Interactions with other systems(2): ​Smooth muscle tissue pushes 

food along the digestive tract beginning in the throat and progressing through the anus. 
Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream at the small intestines. Capillaries of the 
circulatory system deliver the nutrients to larger vessels that transport blood with nutrients all 
over the body. 

 
 Neurologist: Nervous System 
Function(s):  Parts of A Neuron: 

Receives information from the environment, 

interprets the information, and responds 
Functions: 
Parts of the Brain  
Functions  1. ​Dendrite- ​branched projections of the 
neuron cell body the receives messages from 
1. ​Cerebrum​-   other neurons 
controls thinking and emotions, sensations,   
memory, and small motor functions 
 
2. ​Axon- ​long trunk of neuron that delivers 
2. ​Cerebellum-  message to other neurons, or to tissues and 
Coordinates balance and voluntary  glands 
movement   

3. ​Brain stem​-  3. ​Synapse- ​space between neurons where 

Control involuntary actions such as  chemical message crosses 
breathing, heartbeat, and digestion 
Neurotransmitters- ​chemical that transmits 
 
messages across a synapse from one neuron to 
*Spinal cord​-long, thin bundle of nervous  the next 
tissue that extends from the brainstem to   
the base of the vertebral column  central nervous system ​(brain and spinal cord) 
peripheral nervous system ​(all nerves outside the 
brain and spinal cord) 

Sensory Neuron  motor Neuron 

Receives information from the environment  Delivers information to the muscles to take 
and sends it to the brain (located in eyes,  action 
nose, ears, skin) 

Describe how information is processed when you touch a hot 

Surface.​ Sensory neurons in your hand receive the sensation and send the message to the 
brain by way of the spinal cord. The brain interprets the message and sends instructions back 
down the spinal cord to motor neurons. Motor neurons deliver instructions for the muscles to 
contract and move the hand/arm. 

Interactions with other  Interactions with other 

systems(#1): ​Sensory neurons in the skin  systems(#2): ​The brainstem controls the 
allow us to sense pain, pressure, and  actions of the respiratory system (breathing), 
temperature.  the circulatory system (heartbeat and rhythm), 
and the digestive system (digestion). 
OrthoPedic Surgeon: Skeletal/Muscular System 
Skeletal System  Muscular System 
Function(s): ​produces blood cells  Function(s): ​provides strength and 
in bone marrow, provides protection and 
allows us to move, maintains posture, helps 
support to internal organs, allows for 
maintain body temperature 
movement, stores nutrients like phosphorus 
 
and calcium, provides structure  Three Types of Muscle Tissue: 
Three Types of Joints:  

 
Three Types of Muscle Tissue & 
Location in the Body 
(Left to Right) 
 
Smooth Muscle- ​lines internal organs 
Skeletal muscle- ​attached to bones 
   Cardiac muscle- ​makes up heart 
Hinge joint​- elbow, knee, fingers (top light) 
Ball-and-socket joint​- hip, shoulder (top 
right) 
Pivot joint​- neck and forearm (bottom 
center) 

vocabulary 

Cartilage- ​connective tissue that  involuntary muscle- 

provides padding between bones,  Muscle that you c
​ annot​ consciously control 
protects joints and helps with movement 
​Examples​-​ ​smooth and cardiac muscle 
 
Tendon- ​Band of connective tissue   
that connects muscle to bone  Voluntary muscle-  
  Muscle that you can control 
Ligament-​ ​elastic connective tissue  Example: skeletal muscle 
that connects bone to bone; adds   
stability to joint 

How Do muscles and Bones work together to 

help you move? ​Muscles always work in pairs. When on muscle contracts 
and pulls on bones at a tendon, another muscle relaxes. The pulling action makes us 
move. 

Interactions with  Interactions with other 

other systems (#1)  systems (#2) ​Cardiac muscle tissue 
The skeletal system produces blood cells in  makes up the heart, the central organ of the 
the bone marrow. These cells are moved  circulatory system; Smooth muscle tissue 
through the body by the circulatory system.  pushes food along the digestive system. 
  
urologist: urinary System 
Function(s): 
● Gets rid of liquid waste (urine) 
● Maintains homeostasis 
(chemical and water balance) 
 
Vocabulary: 
 
Ammonia-​chemical produced when 
protein is broken down during digestion; 
broken down by the liver into urea and 
uric acid 
 
Urine- ​liquid waste made up of up of 
excess salts, water, urea, and uric acid 
   
Nephron-​ ​part of the kidney that   
filters the blood to form urine; remove  Urinary system Diagram: 
sodium, phosphorus, and potassium and 
1. k
​ idney- 2 bean shaped organs that 
releases back to the blood to return to 
make urine; regulate chemical and water 
the bod balance in the bloodstream 
 
What other Body Systems  2. ​Ureter- thin tubes that deliver urine 
make up the Excretory  from the kidneys to the bladder 
System? 
3. ​Bladder- stores urine 
Integumentary​ system- gets rid of sweat 
Digestive system​- gets rid of feces/solid  4.​ Urethra- short tube that releases urine 
waste  from the body 
Respiratory system​- gets rid of Co​2​ and 
 
excess water vapor 

Describe how Urine is produced and removed 

from the body. 
“Dirty” blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries. The blood is filtered by the 
nephrons. Sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and other chemicals are released back into 
the bloodstream while excess water, salts, urea, and uric acid form urine. The urine flows 
from the kidneys through the ureters. The ureters pass the urine into the bladder where 
it is stored until it is released from the body through the urethra. 

Interactions with  Interactions with other 

other systems(#1):  systems(#2): 
The circulatory system delivers blood to the  Smooth muscles of the urinary bladder expand 
kidneys so that it can be filtered to create  to hold urine until it can be released from the 
urine.  body. The smooth muscles of the urethra 
  remain contracted until a message from the 
motor neurons of the nervous system signal the 
  release of urine. 
  
Dermatologist: integumentary System 
Function(s):    
provides barrier of protection against   
pathogens, helps maintain body 
temperature, prevents water loss, 
absorbs vital minerals and vitamins 
Skin Diagram: 
1. ​epidermis- protective shield for the body 

2. ​dermis- provides structure and support 

3.​hypodermis/subcutaneous- 
provides protection and padding for the 
body 

4. ​Nerve (sensory receptors near the 

surface of the skin sense pain, pressure, 
and temperature) 

5. ​hair follicle 

6. ​sweat gland 

7. ​sebaceous (oil) gland   

Blood vessels are also found within the 
dermis and hypodermis. 

Parts Of the Integumentary System: ​skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands 

How do Wounds Heal? ​If you get an open cut, platelets rush to the area to 
clot the blood. White Blood cells also show up to fight against pathogens as a scab 
forms. Red blood cells from a foundation of collagen and new tissue forms. The new 
skin forms from bottom to top of the wound and the edges pull inward as the wound 
heals. 

Key Vocabulary: 
Exocrine Glands- ​glands that release substances outside the body; oil and sweat 
gland, which provide lubrication and protection 
 
Sebaceous Gland- ​glands that secrete (release) sebum (oil) 
 
Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)- ​deepest layer of skin, made up of 
fatty tissue which pads and insulates the body 

Interactions with other  Interactions with other 

systems(#1):  systems(#2): 
The skin is the 1st line of defense for the  Sensory neurons of the nervous system are 
immune system. In other words, the skin  embedded in the skin and allow us to sense the 
keeps pathogens out to reduce the response  outside environment and to perceive pressure, 
of the immune system.  pain, and temperature.