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Extensive Reading Material 2020
Extensive Reading Material 2020
EXTENSIVE READING
Questionnaire 1
1. How well do you read in your first language?
very well well average poorly very poorly
~ 1~
7. Do you get tired easily when you read English?
often sometimes rarely
Questionnaire 2
1. The best way to read is to…
a. Translate all the words from English into Indonesia
b. Use the dictionary frequently
c. Guess the word meanings
~ 2~
Reading Habits Lists
By doing this practice, you will realize your reading habits.
Write this list every day!
Textbook
Newspaper
Magazines
Novel
Other
sources
~ 3~
“An extensive reading program is a supplementary class
library scheme, attached to the English courses, in which
pupils are given the time, encouragement, and material
to read pleasurably, at their own level, as many books as
they can, without the pressures of testing or marks. Thus,
pupils are competing only against themselves, and it is up
to the teacher to provide the motivation and monitoring
to ensure that the maximum number of books is being
read in the time available. Books are selected for their
attractiveness and relevance to the pupils’ lives, rather
than for literary merit.” (Davis, 1995: 329)
~ 4~
E Easy the level must be easier than that of the
Current target language coursebook.
Exercise 1
Read this passage and answer the question!
Nasreddin's Visitors
One day a visitor came to Nasreddin's house. "I am your
cousin from Konya," he said, "and I have brought you a
duck to celebrate the visit." Nasreddin was delighted. He
asked his wife to cook the duck, and served the visitor a
fine dinner.
~ 5~
another visitor arrived, and said he was the friend of the
friend of the man who had brought the duck. Again
Nasreddin invited him in for a meal. However, he was
getting annoyed. Visitors seemed to be using his house as a
restaurant.
Then another visitor came, and said he was the friend of
the friend of the friend of the man who had brought the
duck. Nasreddin invited him to eat dinner with him. His
wife brought some soup to the table and the visitor tasted
it. "What kind of soup is this?" asked the visitor. "It tastes
just like warm water." "Ah!" said Nasreddin, "That is the
soup of the soup of the soup of the duck."
1. How many visitors came to see Nasreddin?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
~ 6~
B. He served excellent soup, so that everyone would
want to eat at his house.
C. He opened a restaurant.
UNIT 2
FINDING MAIN IDEA/ TOPIC
Passage 1
Hawks are generally regarded as ruthless enemies
of the farmer and are generally condemned to be shot on
sight. But as a rule, the hawk is the farmer’s friend, for he
feeds on rats, ice, gophers, locusts, and other pets. There
are many tall tales from nature which are widely
~ 7~
believed but without scientific foundation. There is the
belief that birds always return to the same nest each
spring, but, according to scientists, this is not true. Again,
owls have been called the wisest of birds, perhaps because
of their solemn expressions, but there is no scientific
evidence to vouch for their wisdom.
Passage 2
The sprained ankle is a highly popular complaint
since it has all the attractions of an illness and none of
the disadvantages.It never kills anyone and it always gets
better in a short time. It calls for sympathy and grants the
invalid a week’s leave from the office. Since there is
usually no pain except when the ankle is moved, it offers
its victims a perfect rest and a delightful reason to be
waited upon.
Passage 3
What, then, is amnesia? If you say only that it is
loss of memory, you include in the group of amnesiacs any
man who forgets his wife’s birthday or goes off to the
office without his wristwatch. Actually, amnesia is
something a bit more sinister. It is loss of memory, to be
sure, but it is of the sort brought on by injury,
overwork, worry, or a nasty blow on the head.
~ 8~
2. Find the Topic/ Subject
3. Look for important details about the topic/ subject
4. Use the important details abut the Topic/ subject to
help you Identify the Main Idea in the Text
5. Tell the Main Idea in Your Word
~ 9~
What is the difference between passage a and b?
A paragraph is a group of sentence that are all about the
same thing. That is, they all have the same topic. Passage
a is not a paragraph because the sentences are about
several aspects of life in the Trobriand Islands. Together,
the sentences are about the same aspects of life (yams) in
the Trobriand Islands.
Passage c
People have always been interested in bees. This interest
may have begun with the honey been make. In fact,
archaeologists have found evidence that people have been
eating honey for many thousands of years. In the more
recent past, people were interested in the way bees made
honey. They admired the way bees seemed to work so
hard. Some languages even developed expressions about
people working like bees. In English, for example, we talk
about a “busy bee”. Now scientists have a new reason to
be interested in bees. They have discovered that bees are
able to communicate with each other. Research has
revealed some surprising facts about this, but there are
still many mysteries.
What is this paragraph about?
a. Expressions about bees in the English language
b. The story of bees
c. People’s interest in bees
Passage d
Communication is also possible among bees through
their sense of smell. A group of bees, called a colony, uses
smell to protect itself from other bees. This is possible
because all the bees in a colony have a common smell.
This smell acts like a chemical signal. It warns the group of
bees when a bee from a different colony is near. This way,
bees from outside cannot enter and disturb a hive (the bee
~ 10~
colony’s home). If an outsider does try to enter, the bees
of that colony will smell it and attack it.
What is that paragraph about?
a. The chemical signals of bees
b. How bees live
c. How bees communicate through smell
~ 11~
Since often the first sentence of each paragraph states the
main idea of that paragraph, while the other sentences
elaborate on that idea, you can skim read by just reading
the first sentences. In some cases, you can get enough
information by only reading the first sentence from each
paragraph.
Unfortunately, some writers make their paragraphs so
long, that they have several ideas in them, and others
stick the important sentences in the middle. In such cases,
you can't use the first sentence method effectively.
Browse through the publication--frontwards or backwards--
so that you get to know what's in it and where it's located.
Notice the layout and how the information is presented.
Notice the table of contents and any special sections.
Don't be too serious--it's best to be playful.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answer from the passage below!
~ 12~
many people who heard about the first powered flight on
December 17, 1903, were excited and impressed, others
reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an
aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called
Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying
machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however,
did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to
succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
~ 13~
design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built
their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand
dollars. They even designed and built their own source of
propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they
started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated
wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft
for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred
twenty feet.
~ 14~
D. foolish thought
E. answer not in article
~ 15~
UNIT 3
READING STRATEGY
Many students are only familiar with from the first word
to the last word strategy.
~ 16~
The other strategies that can be used for understanding a
text - a book, a magazine or a journal article – are:
1. Over-viewing a passage previewing
2. Understanding the main point
3. Understanding relationships in passages
4. Checking references
5. Finding the information we need
6. Guessing the unknown word
Over-viewing a Passage
By over-viewing a passage, we should know:
1. The Topic: What is the passage about?
2. The Writer's purpose:
Is the writer, for example, describing a process, making
a comparison, or giving recommendation?
2. Consequence:
Using cause, lead to, result in, as a consequence,
consequently, therefore, hence, as a result.
3. Sequence:
Using then, after, later, until, when, before.
5. Contrast/comparison:
Using but (not), as opposed to, in contrast, on the
other hand, however.
Example:
1. A cactus does not need very much water,
ADDITION
In addition, it is well adapted to high temperatures.
~ 18~
3. Temperatures in deserts are extremely high during the
day.
CONTRAS
However, at night they are often very low.
~ 19~
When our objective is to extract specific information, we
should use the following strategies:
1. Focus on our objective, ignoring irrelevant
information.
2. Look in likely places. Knowing the organization of the
text will help to decide which parts of the text are
more likely.
3. Run our eyes rapidly over the text, looking for words
and phrases associated with the target information.
4. Use print style to help us, such as names, numbers,
italics, bold. Remember that the information we need
to locate may be expressed in different forms.
Exercise 3
~ 20~
Notes from the Sea
In 1956 a young sailor at sea was feeling
very far from his family and friends. He wrote a
note and put it into a bottle. Then he closed the
bottle and threw it into the ocean. The note in the
bottle asked any pretty girl who found it to write
to him.
Two years later a man was fishing on a
shore in Sicily. The fisherman saw the sailor’s
bottle and picked it up. As a joke, he gave it to his
pretty daughter. Still as a joke, the girl wrote the
lonely sailor a letter. More letters went back and
forth. Soon the sailor visited Sicily. He and the girl
were married in 1958.
This is one of the many stories about
drifting bottles that have changed people’s lives.
Strange as it may seem, a sealed bottle is a good
traveler at sea. It can travel safely through storms
that destroy ships. And glass will last almost
forever.
The speed of a drifting bottle changes with
the wind and the ocean current. A bottle drifting
in a quiet place may not move a mile in a month.
Another bottle may move 100 miles in a day. But
no one can be sure just where a bottle will go. For
example, two bottles of the same size, shape and
weight were dropped at the same time into the
ocean near Brazil. The first bottle drifted east for
130 days. It was found on a shore in Africa. The
second bottle went northwest for 196 days, and
was found in Nicaragua. Two other bottles, which
were thrown into the middle of the Atlantic
Ocean, landed 350 days later in France, only a few
yards from each other.
~ 21~
Probably the longest trip ever made by a
bottle began in 1929. In that year, a bottle was
thrown into the South Indian Ocean. A note inside
the bottle could be read through the glass. The
finder was requested to report when and where he
picked it up, and then to throw the bottle back
into the sea without opening it. This bottle first
went east, to the southern tip of South America.
Someone found it, reported it and threw it back
into the sea. Then others found it, reported it and
threw it back. This happened several times. From
Cape Horn the bottle moved into the Atlantic
Ocean. Then went to the Indian Ocean again,
passing the place where it had first been dropped.
Finally, this bottle reached Western
Australia in 1935. It had traveled 16,800 nautical
miles in 2447 days. That was about 6.8 miles each
day.
Taken from Reader’s Digest, Reading, Book 4
~ 22~
UNIT 4
TYPES OF READERS
~ 23~
Then there is the reluctant reader. The reluctant reader is
the most complex and difficult to define. If someone is
reluctant to do something, it may be he or she doesn’t
want to, doesn’t like to, or simply can’t. For example,
someone will be a reluctant dancer because she doesn’t
like to dance. She can dance if she has to, but she rather
playing video game or basketball. Someone may be
reluctant tennis player because he hasn’t enough practice,
isn’t skilled enough at the games, and doesn’t want to
look foolish. Someone may be a reluctant swimmer
because she can’t swim and doesn’t want to drown.
~ 24~
Auditory Readers- Auditory readers "hear" the words they
read, but they do not sub-vocalize to themselves. They are
very much aware of saying words in their mind, although
their speech organs are completely at rest. This means,
that they do not actually pronounce each word aloud but
only imagine the pronunciation. Auditory readers are mush
more skillful and rapid. Auditory reading is faster than
motor reading.
There are two types of readers: good and bad. They are
determined by how well they score on reading tests, if
they enjoy reading books, etc. Good readers are smart and
good at reading and bad readers are smarts, just don't
understand all words.
http://www.gotoquiz.com/what_kind_of_reader_are_you_
4. Form a Question
Improve your reading comprehension, reading speed,
and concentration by turning headings and subheadings
in textbooks and other nonfiction books into questions.
Then scan the text for the answers. Your reading speed
improves by doing this, and you become focused on
your material.
7. Avoid Highlighting
Although readers believe that highlighting in yellow (or
any other color, for that matter) improves their
reading speed and comprehension, the reverse is
actually true. Highlighting simply means they don't
want to bother learning the material right now. The
result: They end up reading the material twice, and
possibly not understanding or remembering it either
time!
~ 27~
Taken from
http://www.learningtechniques.com/speedreadingtips.htmlSP
Exercise 4
Choose the most correlate and synonymous!
~ 28~
a. hooting
b. bellowing
c. crying
d. shouting
7. The air in the rainforest was humid, making the heat seem
even more smothering than before.
a. hot
b. damp
c. hazy
d. volatile
8. The balloon, loose from its string, rose up into the sky, a
shiny purple sphere.
a. circle
b. globe
c. ovoid
d. nodule
~ 29~
UNIT 5
READING SOLVING
~ 30~
SKILL 1:
RECOGNIZE THE OVERALL ORGANIZATION OF A PASSAGE
The first time you look at a reading passage, do not read
each detail carefully. Just look for the main idea and the
overall organization of details.
~ 31~
SKILL 3: FIND DIRECT ANSWERS ABOUT THE WHOLE
PASSAGE
STRATEGIES FOR ANSWERING DIRECT QUESTIONS
ABOUT THE WHOLE PASSAGE
1. information about the whole passage is generally given
in the first sentence (the topic sentence) of each
paragraph, and
2. the incorrect answers are often true details from the
passage.
~ 32~
SKILL 4: FIND DIRECT ANSWER ABOUT PART OF THE
PASSAGE
Decide where to look in the passage for the correct answer, based on
your understanding of the organization of details in the passage and
1 the knowledge that questions are generally answered in order in the
passage.
~ 33~
2. Draw a conclusion from the information that is given to
answer the question. Do not expect to find a direct
answer to the question.
Exercise 5
Read this short story and then make the summary!
~ 34~
difficulties and sought help from me. I gave him the same
sealed bag to take it to my other friend. I then went to
the mosque with a heavy heart. As I felt ashamed to face
my wife, I spent the night there. When I went home in the
morning, to my surprise, she received me with a cheerful
face and was pleased at my having done well to my friend
and having considered his needs before considering my
own.
~ 35~
UNIT 6
GUIDELINES FOR READING
FASTER
~ 36~
1. Set a reading rate goal for yourself. If you have a
personal goal, you will push yourself more to reach
that goal.
Your current reading rate : _____ wpm
Your personal goal : _____ wpm
2. Answer the questions without looking back at the text.
3. Check your answer. If you have some incorrect
answers, look back at the text to find out why.
4. Find your reading rate on the Reading Rate Table on
the next page.
5. Record your reading rate, comprehension score (the
number of correct answer) and the date.
6. After you have read four or five passages, note any
changes in your reading rate or comprehension score.
Your aim should be to gradually increase your reading
rate, while keeping your comprehension score at six or
seven correct answer.
If your reading rate stays the same, that means you need
to push yourself more. If you miss more than three
questions, you might be pushing yourself too much. Try to
slow down a little and concentrate better.
~ 37~
1:50 273
1:55 261
2:00 250
2:05 240
2:10 231
2:15 222
2:20 215
2:25 207
2:30 200
2:35 194
2:40 188
2:45 182
2:50 176
2:55 172
3:00 166
3:15 154
3:30 143
3:45 135
4:00 125
4:15 117
4:30 111
4:45 105
5:00 100
~ 38~
in a relatively low level reading group. This was due to his
inability to demonstrate comprehension of the reading
material. This was shocking to the teacher, as he appeared
to be a strong reader.
Start with books that have large fonts. When you start
speed reading, you should choose books with larger
fonts; if you are reading eBooks, then customize your
font to 14pt or 16pt. The reason is that the eyes follow
larger print more easily than smaller print and you
reduce the habit of skipping lines.
Read books or articles that you have read before. You
already have a general idea about the contents and the
ideas presented, so it will be easier for you to follow
the text and practice skipping non-essential words.
Use your hand, finger, or a pencil, when reading; and
move your pacer device more quickly than your normal
eye reading speed. This will stimulate your eyes and
you will get used to reading at a faster pace.
Take breaks. You should not strain your eyes too much;
a short five minute break every 30 minutes of reading
will help you improve your reading speed as well as
your comprehension.
Think about what you read. There are different reading
speeds for different genres. For example, essays can
often be read faster because you need only understand
the main ideas. By contrast, poetical works, where
~ 39~
words and language hold a certain beauty, are better
savored than rushed.
Make a reading card. Cut into a slim board of carton a
gap of 1 to 10 lines of the book you are reading. By
obscuring the other lines, your concentration level and
reading speed will increase because you will perceive
the text differently and you will start seeing the text
as groups of words (rather than as individual words).
And if you want to improve your 2-3 word perception
span, you can make a card with exactly the desired
width, which you can move along the lines.
Read for at least 10 minutes a day, be it the daily
paper, an article, or a chapter of a book.
Balance the speed of your reading with your
comprehension. You need to understand the text you
read and not merely read words mechanically. If you
notice that your comprehension level drops, then you
should lower your reading speed.
Sleep well. A good night’s sleep clears your mind,
improves your concentration levels, and helps your
eyesight.
Use speed-reading software. The fastest speed reading
method is via speed reading software. But make sure
you choose good speed reading software, such as the
popular 7-Speed Reading program.
~ 40~
Simple speed reading experiments
Two vertical lines
If you use a glass 'anti-glare' screen, draw 2 vertical lines
in felt-tip, 5 cm. apart, so that you have a strip 5 cm.
wide located over the middle of the text you are reading.
Now move your eyes in a 'Z' pattern down this central
strip, at a speed faster slightly faster than is comfortable.
Because your Mind is not reading each word, it is forced to
'fill in the gaps'. This engages much more of the Mind, since
it has to build associations and patterns in the written
material. This in turn leads to greater comprehension and
increased memory of what was read. This technique takes
advantage of the fact that much of written English is
highly redundant; a lot of words can be skipped without
any loss of meaning.
~ 41~
detail or whether you just have to get the gist of the
text. Look at the chapters as well as the structure of
the first chapter so that you can determine your
reading strategy.
Use your hand to guide you through your reading. Your
eyes are stimulated by movement and by using your
hand slightly in advance of your eyes, you will be able
to read faster.
Cover the text you have just read. Most of us have the
habit of rereading the text that we have just read. To
avoid these so-called “regressions”, simply cover the
text you have already read.
Concentrate on the important parts. Not all the text in
a book is vitally important, especially in newspapers
and magazines. Skim though the text and read the
important ideas. You can also use a marker to highlight
the main ideas, which you can review later to refresh
your memory.
When you are reading, focus your eyes on groups of
words instead of one word at a time. Use your
peripheral vision.
Be persistent. Do not expect too many instant
improvements.
~ 42~
known words in unsuaul contextual settings prevent rapid
reading" (Bond, 102). Try learning at least one word a day.
Use software such as the popular Ultimate Vocabulary.*
2. Know what you want from the book. Before you read a
book, article, or other source, know what you are reading
the source for. Clarify in your own mind what you already
know about the topic, and what more you need to know
from the source.
~ 43~
6. Read it, don't say it. Try not to "say" the words to
yourself as you read. This tip will increase your reading
speed markedly. Try these speed reading exercises.
http://www.research-one.com.au/for-lawyers/search-the-
law/read-more-quickly/how-to-speed-read.html
Exercise 6
Read this passage and count your time!
English as a National Foreign Language
~ 44~
is an associate official language. The Indian Constitution
also officially approves twenty-two regional languages for
official purposes.
Dozens of distinctly different regional languages
are spoken in India, which share many characteristics such
as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from
these languages, Hindi is used for communication in India.
The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but
it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of
India. In the southern states of India, where people speak
many different languages that are not much related to
Hindi, there is more resistance to Hindi, which has
allowed English to remain a lingua franca to a greater
degree.
Since the early 1600s, the English language has had
a toehold on the Indian subcontinent, when the East India
Company established settlements in Chennai, Kolkata,
and Mumbai, formerly Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay
respectively. The historical background of India is never
far away from everyday usage of English. India has had a
longer exposure to English than any other country which
uses it as a second language, its distinctive words, idioms,
grammar and rhetoric spreading gradually to affect all
places, habits and culture.
In India, English serves two purposes. First, it
provides a linguistic tool for the administrative
cohesiveness of the country, causing people who speak
different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves
as a language of wider communication, including a large
variety of different people covering a vast area. It
overlaps with local languages in certain spheres of
influence and in public domains.
Generally, English is used among Indians as a ‘link’
language and it is the first language for many well-
educated Indians. It is also the second language for many
who speak more than one language in India. The English
language is a tie that helps bind the many segments of
~ 45~
our society together. Also, it is a linguistic bridge
between the major countries of the world and India.
English has special national status in India. It has a
special place in the parliament, judiciary, broadcasting,
journalism, and in the education system. One can see a
Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions
during an educational tour about where to meet and when
their bus would leave, but all in English. It means that
the language permeates daily life. It is unavoidable and is
always expected, especially in the cities.
The importance of the ability to speak or write
English has recently increased significantly because
English has become the de facto standard. Learning
English language has become popular for business,
commerce and cultural reasons and especially for internet
communications throughout the world. English is a
language that has become a standard not because it has
been approved by any ‘standards’ organization but
because it is widely used by many information and
technology industries and recognized as being standard.
Time: _____
~ 46~
UNIT 7
ACTIVE READING
~ 47~
This is obviously only something to do if you own the
document! If you find that active reading helps, then it
may be worth photocopying information in more expensive
texts. You can then read and mark the photocopies.
If you are worried about destroying the material, ask
yourself how much your investment of time is worth. If the
benefit you get by active reading reasonably exceeds the
value of the book, then the book is disposable.
~ 48~
Make Predictions
Visualize
Many students think visually, using shapes, spatial
relationships, movement, and colors, and can benefit
greatly from this strategy. Instruct students:
~ 49~
Before reading, think about the subject based on the
title, chapter heads, and visual information. Make note
of anything you are curious about.
While reading, pause and write down any questions. Be
sure to ask questions if there is confusion.
Look for the answers while reading. Pause and write
down the answers.
Were all the questions answered? Could the answers
come from other sources?
~ 50~
students remember information when they link it to their
lives. Instruct students:
~ 51~
Reading Magazines and Newspapers:
These tend to give a very fragmented coverage of an area.
They will typically only concentrate on the most
interesting and glamorous parts of a topic - this helps
them to sell copies! They will often ignore less interesting
information that may be essential to a full understanding
of a subject. Typically areas of useful information are
padded out with large amounts of irrelevant waffle or with
advertising.
News Articles:
Here the most important information is presented first,
with information being less and less useful as the article
progresses. News articles are designed to explain the key
points first, and then flesh them out with detail.
Opinion Articles:
Opinion articles present a point of view. Here the most
important information is contained in the introduction and
~ 52~
the summary, with the middle of the article containing
supporting arguments.
Feature Articles:
These are written to provide entertainment or background
on a subject. Typically the most important information is
in the body of the text.
~ 53~
enough sense of the contents to figure out what turns
you on.
~ 54~
two about the title of an article and its author: a title
is a word or phrase that forms part of a sentence. If
you can finish the sentence, you will have given a
succinct summary of the article. And authors generate
feelings when they publish their thoughts. Sometimes
familiarity with the author breeds contempt. No
author, however, should be dismissed only on
emotional grounds.
~ 55~
happening, but we can gauge ourselves only by
knowing what other surveyors are doing.
After all that, if you don't know how to read a book and
want to learn, I'll gladly help you. I'll tell you, though, that
it isn't much different from reading a magazine (except for
the pictures). And if you are, as I suspect, the self-help
type, you might just look for a copy of the book and teach
yourself.
Exercise 7
Questions 1 – 4
The American architect and engineer,
Buckminster Fuller, was born in 1895 in
Massachusetts. He devoted his life to the
invention of revolutionary technological
designs to solve problems of modern
living. He is best known for his
development of the geodesic dome, which is an extremely
light and yet enormously strong spherical structure
composed of triangular pieces. The geodesic dome is an
application of his principle of deriving maximum output
from a minimum input of material and energy. In the
1950s many of these domes were built for military and
~ 56~
industrial uses. A considerable number of homes also have
been built using geodesic dome structures. Fuller was also
a controversial writer.
Questions 5 – 10
Water on the earth is being recycled continuously in a
process known as the hydrologic cycle. The first step of
the cycle is the evaporation of water in the oceans.
Evaporation is the process of water turning into vapor,
which then forms clouds in the sky. The second step is the
water returning to the earth in the form of precipitation:
either rain, snow, or ice. When the water reaches the
earth's surface, it runs off into the rivers, lakes, and the
ocean, where the cycle begins again. Not all water,
however, stays on the surface of the earth in the
hydrologic cycle. Some of it seeps into the ground through
infiltration and collects under the earth's surface as
groundwater. Groundwater is extremely important to life
on earth, since 95 percent of the earth's water is in the
oceans and is too salty for human beings or plants. Of the
5 percent on land, only .05 percent is above ground in
rivers or lakes. The rest is underground water. This
groundwater is plentiful and dependable, because it
doesn't depend on seasonal rain or snow. It is the major
source of water for many cities. But as the population
increases and the need for water also increases, the
groundwater in some areas is getting dangerously low.
Added to this problem is an increasing amount of pollution
~ 57~
that seeps into the groundwater. In the future, with a
growing population and more toxic waste, the hydrologic
cycle we depend on could become dangerously
imbalanced.
Questions
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate
title for this passage?
A. The Geodesic Dome
B. An American Architect
C. American Architecture
D. Revolutionary Designs
7. Groundwater _____
A. depends on seasonal rain
B. comes from toxic waste
C. is .05 percent of all water
D. collects under the earth
~ 59~
UNIT 8
READING NOVEL
Novel example:
~ 61~
Tips and warning
Exercise 8
~ 62~
Make a group, and then find out one novel. Discuss it
with your friend and present the novel in the class!
Questions:
1. Who is Fayi?
2. Who is another names include in the short story?
3. In what Genre is this short story?
4. What the ending of the story?
5. What is the story talking about?
~ 67~
UNIT 9
READING SCRIPT
~ 68~
A script is the structural bones of a film, television
program or stage production. A script or screenplay has
dialogue, scene descriptions and directions. It does not
have the same descriptive components like a novel.
Similar to an outline, a script needs to be read as
something that will be performed. If you are working on a
production or deciding whether you want to work on it
yourself read a script quickly and efficiently by first
understanding its format.
Instructions:
2. Read the first ten pages and the last ten pages of the
script first. By reading the beginning you understand
the set up of the film. Then read the last few pages so
you understand what the outcome is. It will help you
read the middle section more efficiently. You will look
for the plot structure that leads you towards the
finale.
~ 69~
4. Read through the scene descriptions and dialogue
carefully. Visualize as you read the script. Using care
to read it the first time through means you will not
have to reread any sections you skimmed over. You will
lose out on important details when you skim to quickly.
http://www.ehow.com/how_2171578_read-script-quickly-
efficiently.html
Exercise 9
Read and act this script in front of the class!
Written by
David Seidler
OPEN ON:
~ 70~
A head emerges.
~ 71~
PAN DOWN to the handsome features of Albert, Duke of
York, knownto his family as BERTIE. He's in his late thirties, the
secondson of King George V, the reigning King of England. He
conveys asensitivity which appears in conflict with the manner in
whichhe's been bedecked.
BERTIE
You look like a Christmas tree.
He smiles wanly.
~ 72~
4 INT/EXT. AUSTIN PRINCESS, HYDE PARK CORNER
- DAY
ELIZABETH
Buck up, Bertie. The BBC said it wouldn't
rain.
ELIZABETH (CONT'D)
Never trust the wireless.
http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/King%27s-Speech,-The.html
~ 73~
UNIT 10
CRITICAL READING
3. Slogan Effects
• What are they really saying?, Are there facts to
support the claims?, What is the slogan trying to
make you do?, etc.
2. Glittering generality
e.g., American, Uncle Sam, freedom, truth, good
looks, motherhood, dan beauty.
3. Transfer
e.g. Medica Company claims Calso Capsules will
cure the common cold.
4. Testimonial
e.g. A famous celebritySophia Latjuba says Orang
pintar minum Tolak Angin (Smart people take Tolak Angin)
5. Plain folks
~ 76~
e.g. Bob Wilson, candidate for mayor, was seen
playing basketball at school.
6. Card stacking
e.g. This car is the latest thing in speed, power,
and luxury.
7. Band wagon
e.g. All young people are using Klenzo toothpaste.
You try it too!
EXERCISES
TOEFL PowerPrep
1. W : I’ve been looking all over for Peter. I've got a
book of his that he left behind in the cafeteria.
He might need it for his test tomorrow.
M : I met him a few minutes ago, and he said he was
headed for the study hall at the student center.
Q : What will the woman probably do next?
a) Begin studying for a test.
b) Go to the student center.
c) Go to the cafeteria.
d) Try to find her book.
~ 78~
b)The instructor is not very helpful.
c)The man has spoken to his instructor about his
work.
d)The man will not be able to improve enough
to raise his marks.
~ 79~
6. W : Oh, Richard, I didn’t expect to see you today.
I thought you work at the bookstore on
Thursday afternoon.
M : I do, but I’m switching days with someone else
so I can finish my lab report. I’ll be there on
Saturday instead.
Q : What does the man mean?
a) He was too ill to go to work.
b) He wants to quit his job.
c) He changed his job schedule.
d) He will be in the lab on Saturday.
~ 80~
Q : What does the man mean?
a) The concert conflicts with a club meeting.
b) He will not be able to attend the concert.
c) He will be in his music class then.
d) He will be working at the event.
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Nothing will relax you more than to know you are properly
prepared. Below are 10 steps you can take to reduce your
speech anxiety.
~ 81~
to speak to a group of friends than to a group of
strangers.
3. Know Your Material - If you are not familiar with your
material or are uncomfortable with it, your
nervousness will increase. Practice your speech or
presentation and revise it until you can present it with
ease.
4. Learn How to Relax - You can ease tension by doing
exercises. Sit comfortable with your back straight.
Breathe in slowly, hold your breath for 4 to 5 seconds,
then slowly exhale. To relax your facial muscles, open
your mouth and eyes wide, then close them tightly.
5. Visualize Yourself Speaking - Imagine yourself walking
confidently to the lectern as the audience applauds.
Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear and
assured. When you visualize yourself as successful, you
will be successful.
6. Realize People Want You To Succeed - All audiences
want speakers to be interesting, stimulating,
informative and entertaining. They want you to
succeed - not fail.
7. Don't apologize For Being Nervous - Most of the time
your nervousness does not show at all. If you don't say
anything about it, nobody will notice. If you mention
your nervousness or apologize for any problems you
think you have with your speech, you'll only be calling
attention to it. Had you remained silent, your listeners
may not have noticed at all.
8. Concentrate on Your Message - not the medium -
Your nervous feelings will dissipate if you focus your
attention away from your anxieties and concentrate on
your message and your audience, not yourself.
9. Turn Nervousness into Positive Energy - the same
nervous energy that causes stage fright can be an asset
to you. Harness it, and transform it into vitality and
enthusiasm.
10. Gain Experience - Experience builds confidence, which
is the key to effective speaking. Most beginning
~ 82~
speakers find their anxieties decrease after each
speech they give.
~ 83~
Malida had two teenage children. One was a boy, the
other a girl. She still remembered delivering the babies. It was
like a struggle between life and death and she would have done
anything to bring them into the world. Seeing their cute faces
and hearing their cries, Malida was very relieved, forgetting
the distress of pregnancy.
However, what had they done to their mother?
The boy had become a drug addict since going to
university. He lost his radiant face. He had sunken cheeks with
eyes curving inward, making him look like a ghost. He often
played hooky, and after that he completely dropped out of
school.
Malida had done everything to help him, but it seemed
her efforts were in vain. Finally, she sent the boy to a
rehabilitation center, but he’d not made good progress until
now.
Just like the boy, the girl had also left Malida in an
ocean of tears. She cried day and night, questioning why the
only daughter she had was like a wild horse. The girl had no
respect for her mother. She always went out at night and got
back drunk. Once Malida tried to talk to her, wanting to know
what was the problem. The response stunned Malida. The girl
said she had found happiness outside. When Malida raised her
voice, the girl did the same. Sometimes their conversation
ended up as an unpleasant row.
***
Malida felt as though she had no children anymore. Two
people coming from her own womb had turned out to be foes.
Now and then, there was a feeling of remorse for having them
in her life.
Problems emerged, one after another, endlessly. Then,
her husband, Birman, hurt her deeply. She could hardly believe
it when she found out that he had an affair with a young
woman. The woman came to Malida’s house looking for Birman,
saying she was pregnant.
Malida’s knowing about the affair did not make Birman
change his behavior. He did not seem to be concerned about his
family. He was like a man of violent passion. His passion for
young women made him blind to everything else. The latest
gossip said that Birman had had the affair with his new
secretary.
~ 84~
Malida and Birman often had angry quarrels, sometimes
in front of the children. This was possibly the cause of the
children’s rebellion. Not getting attention from their father,
they protested by doing whatever they liked, finally bringing
them to the brink of ruin.
Home did not feel like a home any longer. It had turned
into a rumbling crater, ready to vomit forth its lava that could
destroy everything in sight. The family was in danger of
collapse because the main pillars of the household were so
brittle.
Malida did not know what to do. She simply cried – for
her family that had fallen to pieces, at being unable to manage
the family, for failing to be a good mother and wife, and for
being incapable of becoming a role model for her children. She
felt she was of no benefit to anyone, especially people living
under the same roof.
It was a useless existence.
Seeing a couple, or a mother and her daughter or son at
shopping malls, made Malida feel extremely envious. She
always wondered why it did not happen to her. Seeing family
together at a food court or a husband and a wife buying a gold
ring at a jewelry shop would drive Malida to tears. She would
quickly run away from the place, trying to soothe her
tormented heart.
Malida was unable to face life.
She was still waiting for the midnight. She wanted to
bring death on, a decision that she had thought about for
weeks. She had given up. Life had treated her unfavorably,
repeatedly tearing the happiness she imagined she had at the
beginning of her marriage.
She wanted to die in the middle of the night in order
that her soul could rise upward to the sky in silent darkness.
She wanted to meet her Creator directly, asking why she did
not find happiness I the world. Was happiness only for the
privileged few? Was she curse with bad luck? She wanted to call
God’s right and fair treatment into question.
Night showed its might. No sound was heard. Dark,
quiet, empty, frozen, cold, gloomy. Malida was ready,
imagining her long sleep. She would never wake up, slumbering
for good.
***
~ 85~
Suddenly, the grandfather clock chimed twelve. Its
pendulum swung in harmony with the clock’s ticking, breaking
the silence of the night, the sign for Malida to get started. She
knew it, she did. Yes, this was the right time to close her eyes,
to shut out all memories of life, and to leave her problems
behind.
She swallowed some pills, many more than the
suggested dose. She was so calm. Then she combed her hair and
made the bed. Slowly, she set on the bed and put her body in a
resting position. She was ready for a journey, to the hereafter,
to the world without end. She took a deep breath, and then
closed her eyes submissively. She started counting. A few
minutes later, she was unconscious.
Suddenly, her body – covered by a thin bank of clouds –
was so light that it floated in the wind. It billowed higher and
higher, seemingly trying to touch unlimited sky. It kept moving
slowly upward to find a place on which to stand – a place where
there were no materials, individual or sexual desires, a
peaceful place.
Finally, she stopped at a vast ocean of cloud.
Everything was white, even the color of her dress. A gentle
breeze was blowing, swaying her hair slightly. From a distance,
a dot was visible.
Malida gazed at the dot that gradually became bigger
and bigger. It suddenly changed into a figure, a somewhat scary
figure. It looked like a man; she was dazed for a moment.
“Why have you come here?” He asked.
“I need a peaceful place.”
“Why do you need it?”
“The world does not give me peace. Children I used to love and
care for do not respect me anymore and the husband to whom I
am loyal does not care about me and ignores me.”
~ 86~
fiercely. She could feel its intense heat, as though it would
sallow her whole.
Malida felt horrified by what she saw. She closed her
eyes as quickly as she could. She sweated profusely, her body
trembling with fear. When she finally opened her eyes, it was
gone.
“May I know who you are?” Malida asked. Her voice sounded
shaky.
He observed her intently. Then he spoke in a husky
voice. “I am The Angel of Death.”
His words mystified her. She felt as though she had no
bones. She knelt down on the ground, sobbing. The Angel of
Death came close to her. This time his face was not as fearsome
as it was, and his voice spoke with a gentle rhythm.
“Please go home, my child. When the moment has come for you
to be here, I will fetch you. It is not time yet. There are still
many things to do to help your beloved family. Believe me,
they need your assistance, and you will be successful at driving
the problems off. You are a strong woman.”
Then, he was gone, together with the white clouds
surrounding the place.
***
Malida opened her eyes, a tear rolling down her cheek. She was
lying on the bed. She saw the picture of her family hanging on
the wall in front of her. There they were: Birman, Malida, her
son and daughter, all smiling. Suddenly, a pledge formed in her
conscience. “I promise. I will keep the family intact.”
~ 87~
TOEFL Preparation
Scottish Independence
~ 88~
Party, who are hoping to make progress against Labour and
further the cause of an independent Scotland.
2. Great Britain……
A. was formed by an Act of Parliament in 1706.
B. was formed by two Acts of Parliament in 1707.
C. was formed by an Act of Parliament that came into
effect on May 1st 1707.
D. was formed by Acts of Parliament that came into effect
on May 1st 1707.
~ 89~
B. for both parties.
C. for the Scottish Nationalist Party.
D. for devolution.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
~ 90~
Hartoyo. 1998.Individual Differences in Computer –
Assisted Language Learning (CALL), Semarang:
PelitaInsani.
Hornby, AS. 1987.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of
Current English, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Husnaida, Nida. 2003.Reading IV, Jakarta: UIN Sahid
Jakarta.
~ 91~
READING IV
ADVANCE READING
~ 92~
Naf’an Tarihoran
Miftahul Rachmat
READING IV
Advanced Reading (Extensive Reading
and Preparation for TOEFL)
……..Press, Serang, 2012
iii-91
ISBN: ………………………
~ 93~
“Reading is a source of learning and a source of
enjoyment”. (Paul Nation)
~ 94~
PREFACE
~ 95~
This textbook of reading is compiled to help both lecturers
and students in the teaching-learning process so as to
avoid them picking up any materials which are available
but which may not be properly selected and graded.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface i
Table of Contents ii
~ 96~
Unit 9 Reading Script 68
Unit 10Critical Reading 74
Exercises 78
Bibliography 90
Reading IV
“Reading is a skill—and the more you use it, the better you
get at it. Conversely, the less you use it, the more difficult
it is.” (Jim Trelease’s stated)
S
ome students think that reading in English language is
very difficult for them, because it is not their native
language. The answer is most definitely: No! Reading
in English is like reading in your native language. This
means that it is not always necessary to read and
~ 97~
understand each and every word in English. Remember
that reading skills in your native language and English are
basically the same.
~ 98~