An Architecture

for the PIE-Languages Joannes Richter

Abstract
Basically the 5 locations tongue, palate, throat, lips and the teeth and the distribution of phonemes
over the categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and dentals for vocal sound generations are
described in the Sefer Yetzirah.
In PIE-languages the awareness of the 5 linguistic categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and
dentals for the sound generation is encoded in the name DIAVS of the Indo-European sky-god, in
which each category is symbolized by one representative of the letters: the lingual D, the palatal I,
the guttural A, the labial V, and the dental S.
In runic sequence such as the Staveless runes (15 runes) and also in the Younger Futhark (16 runes)
we may identify the same 5 linguistic categories and a similar Name of the sky-god as TIVAS or
ΘIUAS. These T- or Th-leading orders however are interpretations from Mediterranean viewpoints.
In their runic sequences the Germanic languages ordered their letters according to the Sky-god
names from their own Germanic viewpoint (1) F-I-Th-A-S respectively (2) F-O-Th-R-K.
The latter concept allows us to read four divine names W-I-Th and Th-I-W and Th-O-R and R-O-Th,
including the corresponding personal pronouns (“wit” → “we two”) of the first person dual for the
Germanic languages.
In Germanic languages the dual form of the Germanic personal Pronoun of the 1st Person matches
the pattern WIT (“we two”), which is to be interpreted as TIW (the name of the sky-god Tyr) from
right to the left.
In Provencal language four elementary verbs (to say (dire), to be (être/estre), to laugh (rire) and to
see (voir/veire) conjugate according to the pattern *IÉU (“I”) in which the wildcard * is to be
replaced by a letter d, s, r, or v: in DIÉU (“I say”), SIÉU (“I am”), RIÉU (“I laugh”) and in VIÉU
(“I see”).
Therefore PIE-languages may be categorized in Roman DIAVS-related and Germanic TIVAS-
related structures, which are equipped with differently structured words for the sky-gods and
personal pronouns of the 1st person.
The southern Indo-European god is named DIAVS (or in Provencal DIÉU with a symbolic personal
pronoun IÉU [“I”]) and the northern Indo-European god is named TIVAS (or TIW) with a symbolic
personal pronoun “WIT [“we two”].
Introduction

The five sources of phonetic sounds

Apart from the biological functionality the human respiratory system also allows Man to produce a
series of phonetic sounds, which at five locations might be optimized for communications by
modulation. These sound categories are named linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and dentals after
their origins at the tongue, the palate, throat, lips and the teeth.

The three modulation levels

From information theory we know that the number of modulation levels for each independent
source may be optimized near the value of the mathematical constant e (Euler's number), which
may be rounded to the integer value 3. In information theory and mathematics these optimized
systems with 3 (modulation or numbering) levels are named base 3 systems or Ternary system,
respectively Ternary numeral system.1

The staveless runes

The natural constants 5 and 3 (5 sources for sound generations and 3 levels for ternary codings)
would require an optimum for 15 sound variables, which in written language may be interpreted as
the 15 symbols (such as letters) in an alphabet. Although one coding system (the Staveless runes)
indeed uses an alphabet with 15 runic symbols the size of the alphabets usually exceeds the
optimum of 15 symbols: F-U-Th-(O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R).

1: Sequence staveless runes (simplified) F-U-Th-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R).

The Sefer Yetzirah

Basically the 5 locations tongue, palate, throat, lips and the teeth and the distribution of phonemes
over the categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and dentals for vocal sound generations are
described in the Sefer Yetzirah:
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [guttural sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬,
tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.”2

1 A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation

2 Footnote 6 in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia
The name DIAVS of the southern Indo-European sky-god
In PIE-languages the awareness of the 5 linguistic categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and
dentals for the sound generation is encoded in the name DIAVS of the Indo-European sky-god, in
which each category is symbolized by one representative of the letters: the lingual D, the palatal I,
the guttural A, the labial V, and the dental S.

The architecture of the Hebrew alphabet

The letters of the Hebrew and Latin alphabets may be categorized in a basic alphabet and in
regionally defined extra symbols. The Hebrew alphabet contains 4 gutturals (~A,E,H,O), 4 labials
(~B,F,M,P,), 4 palatals (~C,I,K,Q), 5 linguals (~D,L,N,T,Th), and 5 dentals (~R,S,Z, Ts, Sh).

The Latin alphabet for the southern Indo-European god DIAVS

Most of the Latin letters correspond to Hebrew characters. In Latin the letter I has been split up in a
vowel I and a consonant J. The letters U, V, W, Y are extra variants of the letter F and merely extend
the Latin range of the labials. The letter X needs some more study to be categorized.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 25 8 - 9 10 11 12 13 - 14 15 - 16 17 18 19 20-22 23 24
A B C D E F G Z H (θ) I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
* * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * *
‫ת ש ר ק ץ פ ע ס נ ם ל כ י ט ח ג ו ה ד ג ב א‬
1 2 3 4 5 6- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Table 1 Latin & Hebrew alphabets categorizing the letters:
gutturals, labials, palatals, linguals, dentals.

# Linguistic sky- 19 basic letters 7 extra letters 3 extra sky- 15 letters

Category god Hebrew & Latin (Latin) letters (Hebrew) god Staveless runes
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
1 5 Linguals D D L N T Th T Th N T L

2 6 Palatals I C I K Q G J (Ch) I K I

3 4 Gutturals A A E H O (Gh) A H A

4 8 Labials V B F M P U V W Y U F U B M

5 5 Dentals S Z R S Ts Sh S R S (R)

1 ? X
Table 2 Latin alphabet and extra Hebrew letters categorizing the letters and sorting the lines to
display the word DIAVS, and in Hebrew) IHV, respectively for the runes TIAUS or
ΘIAUS.
An alternative name DIVAS for the northern Indo-European sky-god

The architecture of the Staveless runes and the Younger Futhark

In the shortest runic sequence of the Staveless runes (15 runes) and also in the Younger Futhark (16
runes) we may identify a similar Name of the sky-god as TIVAS or ΘIUAS.
A slightly rearranged sequence of the linguistic categories DIAVS → DIVAS (*Tīwaz) allows the
direct access to the Germanic name “TIW” and in a reversed reading sequence “WIT” (“we two”) .
Even in the sequence F-U-Th-(O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R) of the Staveless runes and Younger
Futhark the optimal number (3) for ternary system is exceeded in two categories. The rune marked
(R) is a special terminal character. The (O) is available in the Younger Futhark, but not in the
Staveless runes .
This seemed to be a proper solution for the generation of divine names and corresponding personal
pronouns (“wit” → “we two”) of the first person dual for the Germanic languages.

# Linguistic sky- 19 basic letters 7 extra letters 3 extra sky- 15 letters

Category god Hebrew & Latin (Latin) letters (Hebrew) god Staveless runes
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
1 5 Linguals D D L N T Th T Th N T L

2 6 Palatals I C I K Q G J (Ch) I K I

3 8 Labials V B F M P U V W Y U F U B M

4 4 Gutturals A A E H O (Gh) A H A (O)

5 5 Dentals S Z R S Ts Sh S R S (R)

1 ? X

Table 3 A rearranged Latin alphabet and extra Hebrew letters categorizing the letters and sorting
the lines to display the word DIVAS, respectively for the runes TIVAS or ΘIUAS

The deviation from the garbling tradition in the runic sequences

All previously listed Latin, Hebrew and runic sequences seem to shuffle the categories of the
symbols. However we may notice an extraordinary deviation from the garbling tradition. The runic
sequence starts with two labials. This pattern contrasts to the initial letters in the oldest runic
sequence in the Kylver Stone, in which the sequence seems to start with a palatal letter “I”. This
topic proposing a sequence I-U-Th-(O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R) had been detailed in A
Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence.
Another suitable solution is the exchange of the letter “F” → “W” or “V” and “U” → “I” resulting
in a runic sequence W-I-Th-(O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R) or alternatively V-I-Th-(O)-R-K-H-
N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R)
The latter concept allows us to read four divine names W-I-Th (“Witan”/”Wotan”) and Th-I-W
(“Tiw” from *Tīwaz) and Th-O-R (“Thor”)and R-O-Th (“Rod”), including the corresponding
personal pronouns (“wit” → “we two”) of the first person dual for the Germanic languages.
The Personal Pronoun of the 1st Person Singular (for DIAVS)
Earlier study revealed a large list with Personal Pronouns of the First Person Singular (Ego-
pronouns) 3. Some of these PIE-words with a pattern “ I*U” (IEU, IÒU, JAU, JEU, YJOU) seemed
to be related to the name of the sky-god DIAVS. None of the following Ego-Pronouns and divine
Names belongs to a Germanic language.

Overview of the relevant Ego-Pronouns and divine Names

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect
4
aš Das Diews (Diewas, Dievas) Baltic States
Dievas (DIEVAS)
de Dejeû, Dezyeû Savoya central-east (Albertville)
DEJEû
(DEZYEû)
dzeu Dzou, Dzè, Savoya south-east
Djeu, Dyeu (Montagny, Bozel)
(DJEU)
eau Dieu (DIEU) Switzerland Oberengadin
Euj (EUJ) France Acadian French
iéu (IÉU) Diéu (DIÉU) Provence Occitan
iòu më, Diòu (DIÒU) Provence south-east (Villar-St-
m’ iòu (IÒU) Pancrace)5
Jau (JAU) Deis Switzerland Jauer-Romansh
(Grischun)
Je (IE) Dieu (DIEU) France French
Jeu (JEU) Deus Switzerland Sursilvanian dialect
Jo, je, j', jeo, joe; ge, gi, Deu, dé, dee, deus, deux, Normandy Anglo-Norman
gie, gié dex; di, diex, dieux, Dictionary
dieuxz, dieu, diez, diu; du
(DIEUXZ)
Yiou (YJOU) Dïou (DÏOU) Provence Provencal (dialect of
Nîmes)6
ze Dyu, Savoya central-east (Bessans,
Dezyeu, Dzyeû Giettaz)
(DZYEÛ)

Table 4 Overview of the Ego-Pronouns and divine Names matching to the pattern DIAVS

3 The Ego-Pronouns in the Divine Names

4 Source: Swadesh list for English, Lithuanian, Dingwa, Sambahsa, Prussian
5 from: Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace (this web-site seems to have been closed) :
The series of personal pronouns is: (Cas sujet Cas régime atone tonique direct indirect)
Sg. 1°p a (l’) iòu më, m’ iòu 2°p tü, t’ të, t’ tü 3°p M u(l), al ei(l) së lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1°p nû*
nû* 2°p òû* vû* vû* 3°p M î(z) së lû* iè F eilâ (eilaz) lâ* eilâ
6 from the poems of Antoine Hippolyte Bigot - “Yiou” & “Dïou” in the dialect of Nimes
The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “A”-”B” (2)
In the Baltic language of the region Diews the ego-pronoun aš clearly correlates with the divine
name Das, which probably also correlates to the region's name Diews (Diewas, Dievas).

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

7
aš Das Diews (Diewas, Dievas) Baltic States
Dievas (DIEVAS)
ben Tanrı Turkey Turkish
Table 5 Pronouns in the range A-B

The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “D” (13)

In Savoya, Sardinia and Walloon the ego-pronouns obviously also included the leading consonant
“D” of the “Diaus”-pattern.

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

de Dejeû, Dezyeû Savoya central-east (Albertville)
DEJEû
(DEZYEû)
de Dyu Savoya central (Aix, Annecy)
dè Savoya south-east (Aillon-Vieux)
de Dye Savoya Arvillard 8
de (deu) Savoya south-east (Aussois)
dé/dè Dju, Dyu Savoya central-east (Thônes, Messery)
deo Deus, Zessu Sardinia Logudorese
dèu Deu Sardinia (Sardinian dialect) Campidanese9
dji, mi10 Diu Belgium Walloon
do Savoya
dye Savoya south-east (Arêches)
dzeu Dzou, Dzè, Savoya south-east
Djeu, Dyeu (Montagny, Bozel)
(DJEU)
dzou Savoya south-east (Côte-Aime)
Table 6 The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “D” in Savoya, Sardinia and Walloon

7 Source: Swadesh list for English, Lithuanian, Dingwa, Sambahsa, Prussian

8 Un tèxte en patouè savoyârd, avouéc explècacions fonétiques.
9 Hieroglyphs in Indo-European Languages
10 given is for the one doing the action (eg: dji magne = I eat), the second, for the one target of the action (eg: avou
mi = with me).
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “E” (9)
Obviously these entries skipped the first and second letters (“D” and “I”) in the variant “Dieus”.
I also inserted some strange variants from The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French:
In Acadian French (in the west-side of France) and in some Canadian regions such as Quebec French
the French language reveals a number of linguistic anomalies, which may refer to old French
dialects11.
Especially for the ego-pronoun “je” (“I”) a form of metathesis (the interchange of two or more
contiguous sounds) seems to be quite common.
In Acadian French the ego-pronoun Je (the pronoun "I") is frequently pronounced euj, In Quebec the
ego-pronoun “I” (Fr: je) is frequently pronounced ej (common in Quebec French).
This kind of reversals also occurred in an archaic Greek language, in which the root ῶϊ of the Ionic
dual-pronouns νῶϊ, νᾠ (“we two”) represents a reverse form of the Boeotian ego-pronoun “ιω”
(“iou”, “iō”, “I”). The dual form of the Ionic pronoun νῶϊ seemed to be composed from a reversed
version of the Boeotian ego-pronoun “ιω”.
Is the Acadian French ego-pronoun euj (“I”) an accidentally reversed form of the old ego-pronoun
“jeu” (“I”), which may been identified in the Provencal language.
A switch from the dual form of a personal pronoun to a plural or singular is not an unusual event as it
also occurred in Icelandic language, in which the former dual form við (originally “we two”)
replaced the former plural form “vér“ (originally “we all”)12.
In West-French territories another version of Acadian French often combines the standard French
ego-pronouns “je” with a plural declination of the verb: for example j'allons (“I are going”) instead
of the modern French standard nous allons (“we are going”).
Compared to the Greek dual forms the Acadian French euj-entry (“I”) may be suitable candidate for
a former dual form of the personal pronoun of the 1st person.

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

eau Dieu (DIEU) Switzerland Oberengadin
én Isten Hungary Magyar
es Des Diws Baltic States
es Des Dievs, Deews Baltic States
eu Deus Switzerland Vallader
13
eu Zeu, Duninezeu, Dumnedelu Rumania Rumanian
eu Deus Iberia Portuguese

ej Canada Quebec French

EUJ (EUJ) France Acadian French

Table 7 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “E”

11 Phonology (in Acadian French)

12 Modern Icelandic plural form of those pronouns ('við' and 'þið') are what were the dual number form, while the old
plurals ('vér' and 'þér') are now only used in formal speech.
13 “Domunus Zeus” (?)
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “G”-”I” (13)
Most of the “I”-pronouns shortened the vowel core in the divine names Diaus, Dieus, or Dious.
Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect
1 ge France Old-French
2 I Alpine Pustertaler Dialect
3 I Zyysch Alpine Seislertütsch
4 I (modern) Ti Tir Great-Britain
5 i, mi, myfi Duw Great-Britain Welsh
6 ich Ziisch Alpine Macugnagadeutsch
7 ich Zisch Alpine Greschoneititsch
8 iéu (IÉU) Diéu (DIÉU) Provence Occitan
9 ih, ich Ziu Germany Southern German dialect (Bavarian, Suevian)
10 iich, ich Ziis Alpine Isseme in the Aosta Valley region
11 io Dio, Iddio Italy Italian
12 iòu më, Diòu (DIÒU) Provence south-east (Villar-St-Pancrace)14
m’ iòu (IÒU)
13 iu Diu Italy Sicilian
Table 8 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “G”-”I”

14 from: Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace (this web-site seems to have been closed) :

The series of personal pronouns is: (Cas sujet Cas régime atone tonique direct indirect)
Sg. 1°p a (l’) iòu më, m’ iòu 2°p tü, t’ të, t’ tü 3°p M u(l), al ei(l) së lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1°p nû*
nû* 2°p òû* vû* vû* 3°p M î(z) së lû* iè F eilâ (eilaz) lâ* eilâ
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “J” (13)
Ego- Divine Name Region Dialect
Pronoun
1 ja Bóg Poland Polish
2 ja Bog (Бог) Serbia Serbian
3 jac Dumnedelu, cp. Dumnelau 15 Balkan Macedonian
4 jac Dumnedelu, cp. Dumnelau 16 Balkan Macedonian
5 Jau (JAU) Deis Switzerland Jauer-Romansh
(Grischun)
6 Je (IE) Dieu (DIEU) France French
7 jeg Gud Scandinavia Norwegian
8 jeo France Old-French
9 Jeu (JEU) Deus Switzerland Sursilvanian dialect
10 jo France Gascony
11 jo o Diu, Idiu, Signȏr Italy Friulan dialect
12 Jo, je, j', jeo, Deu, dé, dee, deus, deux, dex; Normandy Anglo-Norman
joe; ge, gi, di, diex, dieux, dieuxz, dieu, Dictionary
gie, gié diez, diu; du (DIEUXZ)
13 jou (JOU) Deus Switzerland Sutselvic dialect
Table 9 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel ”J”(13)

15 Dominus Dyaus (?)

16 Dominus Dyaus (?)
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “M” (11)
Most ego-pronouns with a leading letter “M” seem to be decoupled from the divine names

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

me Doue French Breton
mé Dia, dhia Great-Britain Irish
mé (mise) Dia Great-Britain Irish
(emphatic: mise )
mee (mish) Jee Great-Britain Manx
(emphatic: mish )
mi Dia, God Great-Britain Scottish Gaelic
mi Dio Italy Venetian
mi, fi Diu Belgium Picard
mi, fi Duw Great-Britain Welsh
mi(se) Dia Great-Britain Scottish Gaelic
(emphatic: mise )
Minä Jumala 17 Finland Finnish
mina, Jumal (sky-God) Baltic States Estonian (eesti keel)
ma Uku (god of the sky )
Table 10 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “M”

The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “U”-”Y” (5)

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect
Unë Perëndia Albania Albanian
Y (Wycliffe Bible) Ty Tyr Great-Britain
ya, ja Switzerland Surmeiran dialect
Yiou (YJOU) Dïou (DÏOU) Provence Provencal (dialect of Nîmes)18
yo Dios Iberia Spanish
Table 11 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “U”-”Y”

17 Later on, the sky itself was called taivas (sky or heaven) and the sky-god Ukko. However, when Christianity came
to dominate Finnish religious life in the Middle Ages and the old gods were ousted or consolidated away from the
pantheon, Jumala became the Finnish name for the Christian God and the Finnish word for "god".
18 from the poems of Antoine Hippolyte Bigot - “Yiou” & “Dïou” in the dialect of Nimes
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “Z” (6)
Most of these ego-pronouns skipped the leading “D” from a divine name with a complicated
leading consonant-section (“Dez” or “Dz”):

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

zde Savoya
ze Dyu, Savoya central-east (Bessans,
Dezyeu, Dzyeû Giettaz)
(DZYEÛ)
zhe Dzhyu , Dzu Savoya central-east (Cordon)
zhou Djyu Savoya central-east (Chamonix)
zou Savoya central-east (Tignes,
Val-d'Isère)
zounh Savoya
Table 12 The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “Z”

Entries with an unknown ego-pronoun (7)

The following list documents entries without a registered ego-pronoun, which may be inserted in
one of the preceding lists:

Ego-Pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect

D(E)Zhu Savoya central-east (Samoëns)
Diou (DIOU) Switzerland Vaudois
Djò Savoya south-east (St-Martin-Porte)
Djou (DJOU) Savoya south-east (Peisey, Saint-Jean-Maurienne?)
Dyeu, Dyou Savoya central-east (Arvillard)
(DYOU)
Dyo, Dyo, D(E)Zhou Savoya southern (Chambéry)
Iddiou (IDDIOU) Italy Piedmontese

Table 13 Languages for which the ego-pronouns had not been registered
Statistics for leading letters in ego-pronouns
Most personal pronouns of the 1st person singular are equipped with a leading vowel “E”, “I”, or a
consonant “J” or “Y”.
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “M” may be older than the other ego-pronouns.
The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “D” or “Z” are concentrated at border areas between
Italic, French and Germanic languages (Savoya, Sardinia, Wallonia, Belgium).

Category European region

The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “A”-”B”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “D”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “E”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “G”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter ”I”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter ”J”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “M”
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “U”-”Y” 5
The ego-pronouns with a leading letter “Z”
Entries with an unknown ego-pronoun
Table 14 Statistics for leading letters in ego-pronouns
2 Diews (Baltic States), Turkey
13 Savoya-Sardinia-Wallonia (Belgium)
9 Rumania-Switzerland-Iberia-Hungary
1 France
13 Distributed over Europe
13
11 Great-Britain-France-Finland
Albania-Great-Britain-France-Spain
6 Savoya
7 Savoya-Switzerland-Italy
The Personal Pronoun of the 1st Person Dual for DIVAS
In the lists of the previous chapter no personal Pronoun of the 1st Person Singular (for DIAVS)
could be identified. The Germanic languages do not match the pattern IAV. We may expected the
following rule:
• In the category for the “DIVAS”-sky-gods the personal pronoun of the 1st person may follow
the pattern: IVA.
• In the category for the “DIAVS”-sky-gods the personal pronoun of the 1st person may follow
the pattern IAV.
In Germanic languages the dual form of the Germanic personal Pronoun of the 1st Person matches
the pattern WIT, which is to be interpreted as TIW (the name of the sky-god Tyr) from right to the
left.
Examples for these Germanic dual forms (“we two”) are:
• Old English: wit (“we two”), from Proto-Germanic *wet.
• (Early Middle English) First-person dual pronoun: we twain, the two of us.
• Old English: ƿit – wynn spelling - From Proto-Germanic *wet, from Proto-Indo-European
*wed-, a suffixed form of *wey- (see wē). Cognate with North Frisian wat, Old Norse vit,
Gothic WIT (wit), and Lithuanian vèdu. (→ we two; nominative dual of iċ)
• Old Saxon: wit → we two; nominative dual of ik.
The Provencal Conjugation with a pattern *IÉU
In Provencal language four elementary verbs (to say (dire), to be (être/estre), to laugh (rire) and to
see (voir/veire) conjugate according to the pattern *IÉU in which the wildcard * is to be replaced by
a letter d, s, r, or v.
In Provencal the expression “I say” is translated as “diéu”, which is equivalent to “Diéu“ (God).
The Dutch, German and French root expressions IE, JE respectively JA represent eternity which
may be correlated to the elementary Provencal core element “iéu” in Diéu (God), in the ego-
pronoun iéu (“I”), in DIÉU (“I say”), SIÉU (“I am”), RIÉU (“I laugh”) and in VIÉU (“I see”)19.
These categories belong to the DIÉUS-pattern, which is equipped with the ego-pronoun IÉU.
In Provencal the conjugation of verbs resulted in a iéu-suffix for the conditional conjugation and
for a majority of the imperfect conjugations. Even a few of the present conjugations seemed to be
conjugated with a iéu-suffix.
A few samples of these words may illustrate the mechanism20:

English Français Verbe Marsiho Present Imparfait Conditionnel

to go Aller Ana vau anàvi anariéu
to have Avoir Ave ai aviéu auriéu
to say Dire Dire diéu disiéu diriéu
to be Etre Estre siéu èri sariéu
to make Faire Faire fau fasiéu fariéu
to laugh Rire Rire riéu risiéu ririéu
to see Voir Veire viéu vesiéu veiriéu
2: First Person Singular Conjugations for Some Provencal Verbs
selected from Excelsheet Conjugation Provencal Verbs (approximately 90 verbs)

The words to say (dire), to be (estre), to laugh (rire) and to see (veire) reveal an ego-pronoun in the
first person singular conjugation: diéu, siéu, riéu and viéu.
The remarkable effect is the intact 3-vowel structure for the ego-pronoun iéu, which in modern
languages has been deteriorated, in French to “je” or in English even to a singular vowel “i”.
The Provencal language seemed to have preserved its original linguistic concept for some
categories of words.
A remarkable word “diéu” also matches the Provencal word “Diéu” (“God”), which also includes
the 3-vowel ego-pronoun “iéu”.
As a remarkable feature these words are using a letter “e” with an accent aigu, which enforces the
speakers to pronounce this 3-vowel structure as triphthong with long, isolated vowels “ii-ee-uu”, ”ï-
ē-ū” or “î-ê-û”.
The triphthong (representing "with three sounds," or "with three tones") is a
monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the
articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. 21

19 The Symbolism of Long Vowels (Scribd) (ca. 19.3.2017)

20 Source: Excelsheet Conjugation Provencal Verbs
21 See wikipedia's entry triphthong
The ordered Runic Alphabet
From the Mediterranean standpoint the Mediterranean and Germanic languages ordered their divine
names as follows: D-I-A-V-S, respectively D-I-V-A-S:
Languages Linguistic category Linguistic category
Mediterranean D I A V S Lingual Palatal Guttural Labial Dental

Germanic D I V A S Lingual Palatal Labial Guttural Dental

Table 15 Sky-god names D-I-A-V-S, respectively D-I-V-A-S from the Mediterranean viewpoint

The F-I-Th-A-S-group for the Younger Futhark

From their own viewpoint, the Germanic standpoint, the Germanic languages ordered their divine
names in another order, in which the first five characters F-I-Th-A-R may be identified as the
“Futhar”-core of their runic sequence.

Languages Linguistic category Linguistic category

Germanic F I Th A S Labial Palatal Lingual Guttural Dental

Table 16 Germanic Sky-god name V-I-Th-A-S from their own Germanic viewpoint

The Germanic interpretation of the sky-god F-I-Th-A-S or F-I-Th-A-R may be identified in

several linguistic sources such as the runic sequence, which deviates from the Mediterranean A-B-
C-ordered sequence. This Germanic order may be listed as follows:

# Linguistic sk 19 basic letters 7 extra letters 3 extra sk 16 letters

Category y- Hebrew & Latin (Latin) letters (Hebrew) y- Younger
go go Futhark
d d
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
1 8 Labials V B F M P U V W Y F F U B M

2 6 Palatals I C I K Q G J (Ch) I K I

3 5 Linguals D D L N T Th Th Th N T L

4 4 Gutturals A A E H O (Gh) A H A (O)

5 5 Dentals S Z R S Ts Sh S R S (R)

1 ? X

Table 17 The own Germanic interpretation of the sky-god F-I-Th-A-R or F-I-Th-A-S

The evidence for this viewpoint may be identified in the dual form við (“we two”) of the Old
Icelandic personal pronoun of the 1st person.
Also the Icelandic word vita (“to know”) and Icelandic vit wits, intelligence, reason, sense,
knowledge, awareness, sentience 22 illustrates the importance of this core.

In Nordic languages most of these words with the patterns F-I-Th or F-I-Th-A from the initial
Germanic “alphabetical” order F-I-Th-A-S had been equipped with special characters for their
letters. According to Germanic interpretation the Latin letters F-I-T-A-S did not provide the text
with a suitable symbolism.

The required special characters may be identified in most Germanic alphabets: the Old English
Latin alphabet (from Wikipedia) lists the special characters, some of which are also found in
Scandinavian languages such as Icelandic: Æ, æ, Ð, ð, Ᵹ, ſ, Þ, þ, Ƿ, ƿ. In German other symbols ä
and ß, in Danish Æ, æ, Ø, ø, Å, å and in Dutch the letter IJ also belong to these special symbols.

These letters may be listed in the following table in which the first runic symbol Labial F is replaced
by Ƿ, the Palatal I by the Dutch letter IJ, the Lingual Th by the Thorn Þ , and the Guttural A by Æ,
and the Dental S by an ß, resulting in the imaginary sequence of special Germanic symbols Ƿ-IJ-Þ-
Æ-ß, which may be interpreted as the main symbols of the old philosophy:

# Linguistic sk 19 basic letters 7 extra letters 3 extra sk 16 letters

Category y- Hebrew & Latin (Latin) letters (Hebrew) y- Younger
go go Futhark
d d
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
1 8 Labials V B F M P U V W Y Ƿ F U B M

2 6 Palatals I C I K Q G J (Ch) IJ K I

3 5 Linguals D D L N T Th Þ Th N T L

4 4 Gutturals A A E H O (Gh) Æ H A (O)

5 5 Dentals S Z R S Ts Sh ß R S (R)

1 ? X

Table 18 The own Germanic interpretation of the (imaginary) sky-god F-I-Th-A-S as Ƿ-IJ-Þ-Æ-ß

22 From Old Norse vit, from Proto-Germanic *witją. Cognate with Faroese vit, Danish vid, Swedish vett, English wit,
Dutch wit, German Witz.
The F-O-Th-R-K-group for the Staveless runes
In order to prevent two identical categories in the first couple of runes we might exchange the rirst
couple “FU” into “FO”, which modifies the younger Futhark F-I-Th-A-R into a F-O-Th-R-K
structure with 5 different categories.

Exchanging letters
In the Germanic and Slavic dictionary the letters of the same category may be exchanged.
Therefore:
• Wotan may be derived from Witha. Wotan may also be spelled as Votan or Witan.
• “wit” / “wut” / “wat” may vary between dialects such as Dutch, Flamish, Frisian,...
This allows a rather flexible interpretation and a huge number of variants. The exchange of vowels
seems rather simple, but theoretically the categorization may also be switching to a forbidden
group. In the case or the staveless runes F-U-Th-R-K would start with two letters of identical
categories, whereas F-O-Th-R-K starts with 5 different categories.

3: Modified staveless runes (15 runes) F-O-Th-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R).

Languages Letters Linguistic category Linguistic category

Younger Futhark 16 F I Th A S Labial Palatal Lingual Guttural Dental
staveless runes 15 F O Th R K Labial Guttural Lingual Dental Palatal

Table 19 Germanic Sky-god names (1) F-I-Th-A-S and (2) F-O-Th-R-K

from their own Germanic viewpoint

# Linguistic sk 19 basic letters 7 extra letters 3 extra sk 15 letters

Category y- Hebrew & Latin (Latin) letters (Hebrew) y- Staveless runes
go go
d d
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
1 8 Labials V B F M P U V W Y F F U B M

2 4 Gutturals A A E H O (Gh) O H A O

3 5 Linguals D D L N T Th Þ Th N T L

4 5 Dentals S Z R S Ts Sh R R S (R)

5 6 Palatals I C I K Q G J (Ch) K K I

1 ? X

Table 20 The own Germanic interpretation of the (imaginary) sky-god F-O-Th-R-K

Traces for the Wit(a)(n)-wordings
Acoording to the following quotation the Slavic languages also used runes which in Slavic
languages are translated as “Vitha”. The Slavs also shared the carving (German “ritzen”) of symbols
and their languages may also be considered as members of the F-I-Th-A-S- respectively F-O-Th-
R-K - categories.
The ancient Slavic word for writing, incising / action of writing , engraving (in stone, wood)
was "ryt", "ryć" meaning "engrave" ({{Acta Slavorum script.}}) just like the English word
"write" descending from (w)rītan that was transferred through the Old English *(w)rītan into
the English vocabularywrite{{{ Ars Britaniae}}}. The other Germanic languages use terms
derived from Latin scribere. A Slavic term for "to incise" survives in OCS žrěbъ and
"skrobać"{{Scipta Slaviae}} originally the incision on a wooden chip used for divination
(Russian жребий "number, tally mark", from the same root as Greek γράφω).23

The keywords which are matching “wit” / “wut” / “wat”

Wit
As a special feature the relevant runic symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ for these keywords “wit” have been positioned
at the beginning of the Futharc alphabet. Therefore the Futharc runic alphabet also contains a
number of important keywords.

TUV
In the Gothic alphabet the author Ulfila, bishop of the Visigoths, inserted these relevant runic
symbols ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ in the standard alphabet A-B-G..., but took care to terminate the alphabet with a
special TUV-pattern, which may have been included to comfort the Germanic people for the loss of
their religion.

“wit” / “wut” / “wat”

The well-known dual form “wit” / “wut” / “wat” in Germanic languages may have been based on
the Plato's creation legend of splitting a first human creature in 2 halves.

“Two” and the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) and the English word wit (mind)
In Greek the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) does not seem to be related to “wit”.
Homer's Iliad contains two words, νόος (nous, → English: mind) and νῶϊ (“we two”), which seem
to be correlating with two corresponding English words wit (mind) respectively the obsolete dual
form of the English personal pronoun wit (“we two”).24

23 Evidence from etymology (Pre-Christian Slavic writing - Wikipedia)

24 The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
The keywords which are matching “wit(a)”
The Futharc alphabet seems to be composed as a twofold structure of (1) an initial header ᚠᚢᚦ and
(2) a trailing body segment.
The 3 or 4 characters in the header section “ᚠᚢᚦ (ᚨ)” of the Futharc alphabet lists the deities Frey,
Thor (and Odin).

“witan” (“wisdom”, “witness”, “wita”, “wise”, “witenagemot” “wiskunde”)

The keyword “wit” for the dual form had been shared by the definitions of “wisdom”, “witness”
and “wita” (“wise man”) and “witan” respectively “witenagemot”. Various words (“wiskunde”,
“weten”, “wissen”) in neighboring languages such as Dutch and German are also cognate to
“witan”.

Names (“Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi”, Whitby, “Wit” → Wight)

“Wit” also may have been included in the names for “Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi” (Whitby), “Wit”
(Wight), etc.

The Slavic Words Vitha, Wodz, Woda Woditi

The initial 4-letter keyword ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ of the Futharc alphabet is interpreted as “fuþa”. Runes were
called vitha by the West Slavs, which is a genetive of *vid or *vit meaning "image" or "side",
"facet" (referring to the multifaceted essence of the supreme God).
• The Slavic words “Wodz” or “Woda” are translated to German “Anführer” (English:
“leader”)
• The Slavic word “Woditi” = “führen” (English: “to lead”)25
The runic characters “runes” are named „vitha 26“ (appendix 2) and symbolize “wit”, “wisdom”,
“eternity”, the dual form “wit” (“we two”), a set of keywords for procreation and a set of “Vid”-
names.

FutiR
A fundamental word FutiR is described by Dieterich as a universal keyword to describe life by 10
parameters: (1) to feed up, (2) fat, (3) father, (4) fodder, (5) foster, (6) wod, (7) fud, (8) butt, (9)
futter, (10) fetter,

Tiw, Tuw, Teiws, Ziu/Zîo, Tuesday, Ziischtig, tíwesdæg, tow, touw, two,...
In Backward Reading Mode the header section “ᚠᚢᚦ” symbolizes various words such as Tiw, Tuw,
Teiws, Ziu/Zîo, Tuesday, Ziischtig, tíwesdæg, tow, touw, two, twee, zwei, Tuihanti, twine, twijn,
Zwirn, and Odin.

25 Hanuš 1842, p. 381 - Die Wissenschaft des Slawischen Mythus im weitesten, den altpreussisch-lithauischen Mythus
mitumfassenden Sinne. Nach Quellen bearbeitet, sammt der Literatur der slawisch-preussisch-lithauischen
Archäologie und Mythologie (in German). J. Millikowski. - quoted in Deities of Slavic religion (Woda)
26 Runes were called vitha by the West Slavs, which is a genitive of *vid or *vit meaning "image" or "side". (see the
sources in Appendix 2)
Additional symbolism
The Futharc alphabet also reveals a creation legend and a simplified model for the universe as a
huge tree as a supporting pillar.
The first male man may have been created as an image "ash" (rune ᚫ) of “Creator god” (rune ᚪ).
Locally the creation legend may have symbolized the unified Man as Æ, in which A = Ask and E =
Embla, which explains why the western, northern and southwestern Norwegian dialects and the
western Danish dialects of Thy and Southern Jutland, use æ as a significant first person singular
pronoun I.
The rune ᛇ (yew-tree) may represent Yggdrasil as the central pillar of the alphabetical A-I-Ω vowel-
structured universe.27

27 A Concept for a Runic Dictionary | Joannes Richter ...

The letters of the Merovingian king Chilperic I (c. 539 – 584)
Another support for this thesis of an own Germanic interpretation of the (imaginary) sky-god F-I-
Th-A-S respectively F-O-Th-R-K–categories may be given by the dissatisfaction of the top level
government such as the suggested extension of the alphabetical letters by king Chilperic I.

The Merovingian King Chilperic I

Chilperic I (c. 539 – 584) was the Merovingian king of Neustria (or Soissons) from 561 to his death
and may have been involved in promoting the Æ-symbol as one of his four additional letters in his
proposal to extend the Latin alphabet.
Most of what is known of Chilperic comes from The History of the Franks by Gregory of Tours.
Chilperic's education involved religious and cultural themes. One of his studies concentrated on the
reformation of the Latin alphabet, which had been in use in the Merovingian court. The source for
Chilperic's letters is included in appendix 1.
As the Merovingian king Chilperic I may have been the last sovereign who understood the runic
symbolism and may have tried to save some of the symbolism in the core of the Futhorc alphabet.

Chilperic I's extension of the alphabet

Chilperic I's extra letters uui (as Δ or ᚹ28), ω (as Θ or ʘ), the (as Z) and æ (as Ψ) seem to be
concentrated at the first four letters of the Futhorc alphabet and may be interpreted as
1. uui (Δ) represents /w/ /i/, in which either the vowel /w/ or /i/ might dominant,
2. ω → /o/ or /u/, /ou/ respectively /oo/,
3. the → /th/ (thorn ᚦ) and
4. æ → ᚨ (“A”) or “AE”29.
Chilperic I may have puzzled to classify letters into various or variable categories.
I decided to classify these letters to labial-palatal W-I (as Δ or ᚹ), lingual the (as Z), labial-guttural ω
(as Θ) and æ (as Ψ). None of the letters could be classified as dentals.
In the previous chapters I already had explained my interpretation of the Younger Futhark sequence.
The first rune had been identified as a digamma (Ϝ, ϝ) which originally represented Waw for [u],
[v], [w], [f], ….
In the Staveless runes we may identify both W-O-Th-R-K- and F-O-Th-R-K- sequence:
W-O-Th- -R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R)
F-O-Th- -R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R)
In the Younger Futhark the second rune U had been modified to an “I”. This leads to an alternative
runic sequence W-I-Th-O-R, respectively F-I-Th-O-R:
W-I-Th-(A/O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R) or alternatively
F-I-Th-(A/O)-R-K-H-N-I-A-S-T-B-L-M-(R)
Chilperic I's extra letters uui (as Δ or ᚹ30), ω (as Θ or ʘ), the (as Z) and æ (as Ψ) seem to be valid for
both Germanic runic sequences W-O-Th-R-K- / F-O-Th-R-K and W-I-Th-(A/O)-R / F-I-Th-O-R.
28 Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) - representing the sound /w/. While the earliest Old English texts represent this phoneme with the
digraph ⟨uu⟩, scribes soon borrowed the rune wynn ᚹ for this purpose.
29 King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic alphabet and at the end
(WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet (for sources see appendix 1)
30 Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) - representing the sound /w/. While the earliest Old English texts represent this phoneme with the
digraph ⟨uu⟩, scribes soon borrowed the rune wynn ᚹ for this purpose.
Chilperic's additional letters
There is some doubt whether the original (in appendix 1) represents “oe” (“œ” → “œ”) or
“ae” (“æ “ → “æ” ), in which the cursive form is absolutely a candidate to be misinterpreted.
Chilperic's additional four symbols (the bi-colored uu-i (as Δ or ᚹ), ω (as Θ or ʘ), the (as Z) and æ
(as Ψ)) may match to the initial characters: ᚠᚢᚦ(ᚫ)ᚱᚳ, respectively ᚠᚢᚦ(ᚬ)ᚱᚳ of the Futhark runic
alphabets as the W, O, Th, A in:
• W-O-Th-R-K (for Staveless runes),
• respectively W-I-Th-A-R-K (for Younger Futhark).
In a runic sequence such as the Staveless runes (15 runes) and also in the Younger Futhark (16
runes) we may identify the same 5 linguistic categories and a similar Name of the sky-god as
TIVAS or ΘIUAS, respectively W-O-Th or W-I-Th-A.

1st Letter 2nd Letter 3rd Letter 4th Letter

Runic symbol ᚠ (“F” or “W”) ᚢ (“U” or “O”) ᚦ (“Th”) ᚫ (“A” → “æ”)
Meaning uu-i ω the æ

Chilperic's symbol Δ or ᚹ Θ or ʘ Z Ψ

Condition For Staveless runes for Younger Futhark

Table 21 Conditions for the application of Chilperic's additional letters

In this comparison I assume the initial rune ᚠ (the “F” in “Futhark”) represents a universal symbol
digamma (Ϝ, respectively in undercase: ϝ) which represents /w/ and also covers the phonemes /v/,
/f/, /u/, /y/. This may also apply to the first letter of Chilperic's additional letters.
In the archaic religion the first 3 initial runes (“Futh” of “Wuth”), ᚠ (the digamma “ϝ”), “ᚢ”, “ᚦ”
represent a keyword consisting the personal pronoun (“wut” or “wit” = “we two”) and the key for
the word “wutan” (“Wodan”, “to wit”, “witness” → “insight”).

Runes interpreted as “Wodan”

The initial keywords “Wuth” respectively “Wutha” (respectively “Futha”), which may be formed by
concatenating Chilperik's additional characters Δ-Θ-Z (“W-O-Th“) or Δ-I-Z-Ψ (“W-I-Th-A“) more
or less results in the word “Wioothæ” or “Wodan”.31

Runes interpreted as “vitha” by the West Slavs

The initial 4-letter keyword ᚠᚢᚦᚫ of the Futharc alphabet may also be interpreted as “fuþa”. Runes
were called vitha by the West Slavs, which is a genetive of *vid or *vit meaning "image" or "side",
"facet" (referring to the multifaceted essence of the supreme God)32.

31 The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet and King Chilperic's 4 Letters...

32 Hanuš 1842, p. 381 - Die Wissenschaft des Slawischen Mythus im weitesten, den altpreussisch-lithauischen Mythus
mitumfassenden Sinne. Nach Quellen bearbeitet, sammt der Literatur der slawisch-preussisch-lithauischen
Archäologie und Mythologie (in German). J. Millikowski. - quoted in Deities of Slavic religion (Woda)
Short Overview of the architecture of PIE-languages

Color codes for linguistic categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and dentals
Languages and Sorted Initial Letters 5 linguistic categories
Alphabets Letters Runic Sequence
PIE-sky-god sky-god
Diaus/Divas Vut/Wut/Tiw
Languages

1 Mediterranean D I A V S Lingual Palatal Guttural Labial Dental

2 Germanic D I V A S Lingual Palatal Labial Guttural Dental

T I W Lingual Palatal Labial

Alphabets
1 Younger Futhark F I Th A S Labial Palatal Lingual Guttural Dental
F I Th Labial Palatal Lingual
W I T Labial Palatal Lingual
Th O R Lingual Guttural Dental
D O R Lingual Guttural Dental
2 staveless runes F O Th R K Labial Guttural Lingual Dental Palatal

WO D Labial Guttural Lingual

Table 22 PIE-Sky-god names D-I-A-V-S, respectively D-I-V-A-S from the Mediterranean viewpoint
and Initial Letters for the Runic Sequence of the sky-gods T-I-W and W-O-D (Wodan) and Th-O-R
Summary
Basically the 5 locations tongue, palate, throat, lips and the teeth and the distribution of phonemes
over the categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and dentals for vocal sound generations are
described in the Sefer Yetzirah.
In PIE-languages the awareness of the 5 linguistic categories linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials and
dentals for the sound generation is encoded in the name DIAVS of the Indo-European sky-god, in
which each category is symbolized by one representative of the letters: the lingual D, the palatal I,
the guttural A, the labial V, and the dental S.
In runic sequence such as the Staveless runes (15 runes) and also in the Younger Futhark (16 runes)
we may identify the same 5 linguistic categories and a similar Name of the sky-god as TIVAS or
ΘIUAS. These T- or Th-leading orders however are interpretations from Mediterranean viewpoints.
In their runic sequences the Germanic languages ordered their letters according to the Sky-god
names from their own Germanic viewpoint (1) F-I-Th-A-S respectively (2) F-O-Th-R-K.
The latter concept allows us to read four divine names W-I-Th and Th-I-W and Th-O-R and R-O-Th,
including the corresponding personal pronouns (“wit” → “we two”) of the first person dual for the
Germanic languages.
In Germanic languages the dual form of the Germanic personal Pronoun of the 1st Person matches
the pattern WIT (“we two”), which is to be interpreted as TIW (the name of the sky-god Tyr) from
right to the left.
In Provencal language four elementary verbs (to say (dire), to be (être/estre), to laugh (rire) and to
see (voir/veire) conjugate according to the pattern *IÉU (“I”) in which the wildcard * is to be
replaced by a letter d, s, r, or v: in DIÉU (“I say”), SIÉU (“I am”), RIÉU (“I laugh”) and in VIÉU
(“I see”).
Therefore PIE-languages may be categorized in Roman DIAVS-related and Germanic TIVAS-
related structures, which are equipped with differently structured words for the sky-gods and
personal pronouns of the 1st person.
The southern Indo-European god is named DIAVS (or in Provencal DIÉU with a symbolic personal
pronoun IÉU [“I”]) and the northern Indo-European god is named TIVAS (or TIW) with a symbolic
personal pronoun “WIT [“we two”].
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The five sources of phonetic sounds................................................................................................2
The three modulation levels.............................................................................................................2
The staveless runes .........................................................................................................................2
The Sefer Yetzirah............................................................................................................................2
The name DIAVS of the southern Indo-European sky-god..................................................................3
The architecture of the Hebrew alphabet.........................................................................................3
The Latin alphabet for the southern Indo-European god DIAVS....................................................3
An alternative name DIVAS for the northern Indo-European sky-god.......................................4
The architecture of the Staveless runes and the Younger Futhark..........................................4
The deviation from the garbling tradition in the runic sequences..........................................4
The Personal Pronoun of the 1st Person Singular (for DIAVS)...........................................................5
Overview of the relevant Ego-Pronouns and divine Names............................................................5
The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “A”-”B” (2).........................................................6
The ego-pronouns with a leading consonant “D” (13)................................................................6
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “E” (9)........................................................................7
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “G”-”I” (13)................................................................8
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “J” (13).......................................................................9
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “M” (11)...................................................................10
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “U”-”Y” (5)..............................................................10
The ego-pronouns with a leading vowel “Z” (6).......................................................................11
Entries with an unknown ego-pronoun (7)...............................................................................11
Statistics for leading letters in ego-pronouns.................................................................................12
The Personal Pronoun of the 1st Person Dual for DIVAS..................................................................13
The Provencal Conjugation with a pattern *IÉU...............................................................................14
The ordered Runic Alphabet...............................................................................................................15
The F-I-Th-A-S-group for the Younger Futhark............................................................................15
The F-O-Th-R-K-group for the Staveless runes............................................................................17
Exchanging letters..........................................................................................................................17
Traces for the Wit(a)(n)-wordings.................................................................................................18
The keywords which are matching “wit” / “wut” / “wat”.........................................................18
Wit........................................................................................................................................18
TUV......................................................................................................................................18
“wit” / “wut” / “wat”............................................................................................................18
“Two” and the dual form νώ, νῶϊ (“we two”) and the English word wit (mind).................18
The keywords which are matching “wit(a)”.............................................................................19
“witan” (“wisdom”, “witness”, “wita”, “wise”, “witenagemot” “wiskunde”).....................19
Names (“Tiw”, “Wodan”, “Witebi”, Whitby, “Wit” → Wight)...........................................19
The Slavic Words Vitha, Wodz, Woda Woditi.....................................................................19
FutiR.....................................................................................................................................19
Tiw, Tuw, Teiws, Ziu/Zîo, Tuesday, Ziischtig, tíwesdæg, tow, touw, two,...........................19
Additional symbolism...............................................................................................................20
The letters of the Merovingian king Chilperic I (c. 539 – 584) .......................................................21
The Merovingian King Chilperic I................................................................................................21
Chilperic I's extension of the alphabet...........................................................................................21
Chilperic's additional letters..........................................................................................................22
Runes interpreted as “Wodan” .................................................................................................22
Runes interpreted as “vitha” by the West Slavs........................................................................22
Short Overview of the architecture of PIE-languages........................................................................23
Summary.............................................................................................................................................24
Appendix 1 – Chilperic I's Letters......................................................................................................27
Appendix 2 - Runes were called “vitha” by the West Slavs...............................................................28
Appendix 3 – Published papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu..........................................................29
Appendix 1 – Chilperic I's Letters
This appendix contains the copy of the primary source of my quotation in full length (in German):
• Especially the rune-symbol for Chilperic's character “uui” [→ “W” → (Δ)] has been altered
to the original runic symbol ᚹ (or similar) for the phoneme “w”. In this case the symbol ᚹ
may be an alternative for Δ.
• Also (the dotted O) ʘ may be an alternative to Θ.
• There is some doubt whether the original (in appendix 1) represents “oe” (“œ” → “œ”) or
“ae” (“æ “ → “æ” ), in which the cursive form is absolutely a candidate to be misinterpreted.

4: Footnote at page 72 in “Die Runenschrift;(1887)by the author Wimmer, Ludvig Frands Adalbert
Appendix 2 - Runes were called “vitha” by the West Slavs
The initial 4-letter keyword ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ of the Futharc alphabet is interpreted as “fuþa”. Runes were
called vitha by the West Slavs, which is a genetive of *vid or *vit meaning "image" or "side",
"facet" (referring to the multifaceted essence of the supreme God)33.
• The Slavic words “Wodz” or “Woda” are translated to German “Anführer” (English:
“leader”)
• The Slavic word “Woditi” = “führen” (English: “to lead”)

Fig. 5: Runes were called vitha by the West Slavs - quoted in Deities of Slavic religion (Woda)

33 Hanuš 1842, p. 381 - Die Wissenschaft des Slawischen Mythus im weitesten, den altpreussisch-lithauischen Mythus
mitumfassenden Sinne. Nach Quellen bearbeitet, sammt der Literatur der slawisch-preussisch-lithauischen
Archäologie und Mythologie (in German). J. Millikowski. - quoted in Deities of Slavic religion (Woda)
Appendix 3 – Published papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu
The (approximately) 150 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date34 :
• The Architecture of Languages (this document)
• A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
• The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
• The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
• The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
• The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
• A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
• A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
• The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
• Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
• Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
• Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
• The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
• The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet
• The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
• The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
• Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
• The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
• De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
• Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
• The Initials of European Philosophy
• Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
• The War against Atlantis
• The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
• The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
• The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
• Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
• Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
• Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
• The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
• Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
• Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
• De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
• The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
• The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
• King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
• Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperik I
• The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
• A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
• Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
• Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
• De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
34 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes
• The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
• Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
• A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
• The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
• De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
• The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
• The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
• Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
• De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
• De fundamenten van de samenleving
• De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
• De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
• The Antipodes Mith and With
• The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
• De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
• The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
• Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
• De restanten van de dualis in het Nederlands, Engels en Duits
• Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
• The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
• Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Nederlandse alfabet
• The Backbones of the Alphabets
• The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
• The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
• De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
• The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
• Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
• The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
• De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)
• King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
• De 4 letters van koning Chilperik I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
• The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
• The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
• In het Nederlands, Duits en Engels is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
• In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
• The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
• A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
• The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
• Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
• Über die Evolution der Sprachen
• Over het ontwerpen van talen
• The Art of Designing Languages
• Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
• Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
• Over het filosofische Nous-concept
• Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
• The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
• A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
• Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
• The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
• The Unification of Medieval Europe
• The Divergence of Germanic Religions
• De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
• The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
• Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
• Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
• Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
• The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
• Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
• Notes to the book TIW
• Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
• Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
• Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
• The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
• Etymology, Religions and Myths
• The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
• Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
• Ϝut - Het Nederlandse sleutelwoord
• Concepts for the Dual Forms
• The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
• Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
• Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
• The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
• A Linguistic Control of Egotism
• The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
• An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
• The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
• Die keltische Haarhauben
• De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
• The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
• Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
• De god met de twee gezichten
• The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
• Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
• De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
• Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
• The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
• Een reconstructie van de Nederlandse scheppingslegende
• The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
• The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
• The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
• Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
• Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
• Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
• De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
• The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
• Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
• Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
• Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
• Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
• Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
• The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
• The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
• The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
• The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
• De kern van de Futhark-talen
• Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
• De symboolkern IE van het Nederlands
• Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
• Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
• Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
• A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
• A Paradise Made of Words
• The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
• The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
• The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
• The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
• The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)