UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL BIOENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY REPORT COVER PAGE

SECTION A – To be filled up by Student

Subject Code & Subject CLB 11003 FLUID MECHANICS
Title of Experiment EXPERIMENT 6: MULTIPUMP TEST RIG
Date of Experiment 2/3/2020 Date of Submission 9/3/2020
Name & ID No. 1)AKMAL BIN MD HAZNEM (55214119092)
2)SITI NUR ZULAIKHA BINTI ANUAR (55214119072)
Group No: ( )
3)AMIRUL ADLI BIN ROZAIMY (55213119141)
4) NUR PUTRI ERNIE ELISYAH BINTI MOHAMED ZAINI (55214119085)
Name of Lecturer DR. NOOR AFIQAH BINTI MOHD
*Penalty:
 For any late of submission, the mark will be reduced by 5% per day to a maximum of 3 days, after which it
will NOT BE ACCEPTED.
 Plagiarism will not be tolerated and will be given ZERO.

SECTION B – To be filled up by Lecturer

Satisfactor Good Excellent Marks

Very Poor Poor
Criteria y (4) (5)
(1) (2)
(3)
Report format (5%), ALL STUDENTS
1 2 3 4 5
1. Organization of the report.
Summary (20%) – max 1 page
1. Brief review on the objectives of the experiment, main
experimental results, discussion deemed significant, and
conclusions derived from work. 4 8 12 16 20

Student Name 1: AKMAL BIN MD HAZNEM

(55214119092)
Data & Results (20%)
1. Data are presented as deemed suitable with complete
labels and units.
4 8 12 16 20
Student Name 1: AKMAL BIN MD HAZNEM
(55214119092)
Analysis & Discussion (40%)
1. Explanations of the referred table and figure are
presented after the table and figure
2. Discuss on the findings and relations to the theory
and objective of experiment 8 16 24 32 40

Student Name 2: SITI NUR ZULAIKHA BINTI

ANUAR (55214119072)
Conclusion & Recommendation (40%)
1.Summary of the results to relate the findings or results
with the theory applicable to the experimental
2.Suggest improvements in apparatus or measurement
procedure, or experimental procedures for future. 8 16 24 32 40

Student Name 3: AMIRUL ADLI BIN ROZAIMY

(55213119141)
Tutorial (40%)
8 16 24 32 40
Student Name 4: NUR PUTRI ERNIE ELISYAH
BINTI MOHAMED ZAINI (55214119085)

References & Appendices (5%), ALL STUDENTS

1. Cite references in the text.
2. References taken from books, journals and articles. 1 2 3 4 5
References from website are not recommended.
3. Attach sample calculation made in discussion part.
Student 1 Student 3
TOTAL (50%)
Student 2 Student 4
DISCUSSION

The experiment are carried out to determine the viscosity of oil and honey and also to
measure a multiple speed and interchangeable spindles result in a large selection of viscosity
ranges. In this experiment, equipment called Brookfield Viscometer has been used to measure
the viscosity of each different fluid by adjusting a certain speed required as stated in the table
results. The viscometer works by rotating the spindle at a defined speed (RPM) and the
viscometer measures the resistance to rotation and identify a viscosity value. Different spindle
and speed varies the value of viscosity obtained. The viscosity value can be calculated by
multiplying the reading on a dial of viscometer with the factor for certain various spindle used in
this experiment. The viscosity value has been stated in Table 1 and 2 in results.

In experiment tested on oil fluid, there is no drastic change in decreasing trend of

viscosity value can be seen from the graph plotted (Figure 1). The highest value of viscosity at
speed 6 RPM for spindle no 1 has recorded 290 cP followed by spindle no 2 at 250 cP. Basically,
as the speed increases the viscosity of oil will decreases which obviously can be seen for spindle
no 1 and the lowest value of viscosity obtained from the experiment at speed 60 RPM has
recorded 100 cP by using spindle no 1. The values of viscosity for other spindles are mostly
increasing across the speed. The viscosity of oil using spindle no 2 is slightly increases to 262.5
cP at speed 60 RPM. In comparison to spindle no 1 and 2, the spindle no 3 recorded 290 cP
while using spindle no 4, the viscosity value is extremely increases to 300 cP at the highest speed
(60 rpm)

Viscosity of oil, cP against Speed, RPM

350
300
250
SPINDLE NO 1
Viscosity (cP)

200 SPINDLE NO 2
150 SPINDLE NO 3
SPINDLE NO 4
100
50
0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Speed (RPM)
 Fgure 1: Viscosity of oil, cP against Speed, rpm

For the experiment on viscosity of honey fluid, there is no obvious change in viscosity
of these four types of spindle at speed of 6 rpm. Both of spindle no 1 and 4 recorded for 1000 cP
while spindle no 2 and 3 obtain 1100 cP of viscosity value. The highest value of viscosity is
recorded at speed 60 rpm which obtaining 1225 cP by using spindle no 4. The lowest value is at
100 cP at speed of 60 rpm using spindle no 1. From the graph in Figure 2 , spindle no 1 has
clearly shows the drastic drop in viscosity at a higher speed.

Viscosity of honey, cP against Speed, RPM

1400
1200
1000 SPINDLE NO 1
Viscosity, cP

800 SPINDLE NO2

SPINDLE NO 3
600
SPINDLE NO 3
400 SPINDLE NO 4
200
0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Speed, RPM

Figure 2: Viscosity of honey, cP against speed, rpm

The experimental results shows the viscosity of honey and oil are vary that causes by two
main factors which are spindle’s speed and spindle’s shape or size. The spindle’s speed are
referring to the velocity gradient, theoretically the higher the speed can resulted the higher value
of viscosity. The different shape and size of the spindle will gives the different value of surface
area that can affect the shear stress of both fluids. According to the formula of shear stress,
where force (F) per unit area (A), assuming the force applied is constant, the formula clarifies
that as the surface area increases so the shear stress will decrease and resulting the increasing of
viscosities value when the shear rate is assumed to be constant.

By following the formula of Newton’s Law of Viscosity

 τ shear stress
μ= =
du /dy velocity gradient

The formula above can determine any fluids either Newtonian fluid or non-Newtonian
fluid. A fluid can be called as Newtonian fluids when it obeys the Newton’s Law of Viscosity
where the shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity gradient while a fluid that does not
obeys this law is termed as non-Newtonian fluid where the shear stress is indirectly proportional
to the velocity gradient. The unit for viscosity is Poise (P) or centipoise (cP) and also Ns/m 2. The
fluids used in this experiment are honey and oil. Based on this experiment, the velocity gradient
is referring to the speed of the spindles (rpm) that being manipulated throughout the observation
while the shear stress is referring to the torque made by the rotation of the spindles after being
immersed in the fluid at the center of the surface. The graphs for shear stress against speed are
plotted as figure 3 and 4 to categorize this both fluids into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
According to the experimental results obtained, the shear stress is the product between the
viscosity and the spindle’s speed and the value has been recorded in table 3 and 4.

From the graph of shear stress of oil against speed (Figure 3), it clearly shows that as the
speed increases, the shear stress also increases. There are drastic increment for most of the
spindles which for spindle 2, 3 and 4. Changes of shear stress across the speed are merely to be
seen for spindles 1 but the trend of increasing also can be observed and it might due to the
spindle shape which is much larger that causes the value of shear stress is lower than the others.
It can be concluded that the results obtained from Figure 3 is following the Newton’ Law of
Viscosity, hence oil is a Newtonian Fluid. Based on the graph of shear stress of honey against
speed (Figure 4) basically the graph are showing an unstable trend, for spindle 3 and 4 are mostly
in constant increment of shear stress value across the speed while the spindle 1 and 2 showing a
decreasing trend. It can be said that the graph on Figure 4, the shear stress is indirectly
proportional to the velocity gradient. Therefore, honey is a non-Newtonian Fluid.
 Shear stress of oil, Nm2 against speed, rpm
20000
18000
16000
Shear Stress, Nm2

14000
spindle no 1
12000
spindle no 2
10000
8000 spindle no 3
6000 spindle no 4
4000
2000
0
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Speed, rpm

Figure 3 : Shear stress of oil, Nm2 against speed, rpm

Shear stress of honey, Nm2 against speed, rpm

1400
1200
Shear stress, Nm2

1000 spindle 1
800 spindle 2
600 spindle 3
400 spindle 4
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Speed, rpm

Figure 4: Shear stress of honey, cP against speed, rpm