5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

Bird evolu on
Due Apr 26 at 4:59pm Points 15 Questions 14
Available Apr 26 at 9:30am - Apr 26 at 4:59pm about 7 hours Time Limit None

This quiz was locked Apr 26 at 4:59pm.

A empt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 36 minutes 10.42 out of 15

Score for this quiz: 10.42 out of 15

Submitted Apr 26 at 4:10pm
This attempt took 36 minutes.

Question 1 0 / 0 pts

Who worked on this? Max 2 in a group. If your regular partner is absent, do

not write them in.

Your Answer:

Alice Ji

Question 2 1 / 1 pts

The skeletal features of birds include: (check all that apply)

Correct! light, hollow bones

Correct! many fused bones for strength

Correct! large area of bone for wing muscle attachment

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

heavy teeth

Correct! shortened, light tail bones

Question 3 0 / 1 pts

Why is the respiratory system of birds considered superior to that of

mammals?

orrect Answer absorptive tissues are only exposed to air with high oxygen concentration

there is a large volume of air sacs

You Answered the air sacs extend into some of the bones

they do not have to exhale

Question 4 1 / 1 pts

Which of these organisms are amniotes? Check all that are.

frogs

salamanders

Correct! mammals

Correct! birds

lungfish

Correct! turtles

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

All terrestrial tetrapods and their aquatic descendants, except for

amphibians (frogs, salamanders, newts, etc) are amniotes.

Question 5 1 / 1 pts

What are some of the features of Archaeopteryx that are more similar to non-
avian species than to most modern birds?

Correct!
teeth

Correct!
long tail

feathers

Correct!
multiple clawed digits on fore-limb

Question 6 1 / 1 pts

Which of these are dinosaurs? (Check all that are)

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

Correct!
.

Question 7 2 / 2 pts

In which lineage did each of these features originate?

Bipedal stance: Dinosaurs

2nd digit longer than 3rd digit: Saurischians

Thin walled bones: Theropods

5 to 4 digit reduction: Theropods

Fused clavicles: Theropods

Enlarged keel on sternum: Maniraptorans

Curved wrist bone: Maniraptorans

Shoulder socket outward: Maniraptorans

Answer 1:

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

Correct! Dinosaurs

Answer 2:

Correct! Saurischians

Answer 3:

Correct! Theropods

Answer 4:

Correct! Theropods

Answer 5:

Correct! Theropods

Answer 6:

Correct! Maniraptorans

Answer 7:

Correct! Maniraptorans

Answer 8:

Correct! Maniraptorans

Question 8 0 / 1 pts

Where did the back-turned pubis first evolve?

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

orrect Answer
D

You Answered E

Question 9 0 / 1 pts

Where you would find the evolution of the hole (white space) in the hip
bones?

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

orrect Answer C

You Answered D

Question 10 0.25 / 1 pts

Judging from the information presented here and referring to the phylogenies
presented in several sections, a bird is a/an: (check all that apply)

orrect Answer Tetrapod

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

You Answered Ornithischian

Correct!
Saurischian

Correct!
Theropod

Mammal

orrect Answer Archosaur

Question 11 0.67 / 1 pts

Which of these apparently flight-related features developed in species that

could not fly (i.e. before Archaeopteryx)?

Correct!
hollow bones for a light skeleton

Correct!
rotary wrist joint for flapping

Correct!
feathers

shortened & lightened tail

You Answered reduction and fusion of the forelimb digits for reduced weight

Question 12 1 / 1 pts

Which of these is the best description of the pattern of loss of teeth in the
Aves?

it only occurred in the Neornithes, 65 million years ago

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

teeth were first lost in the Confuciusornithidae at the base of the Pygostylia
and all species that came after lacked teeth

Correct! teeth were lost multiple times in the evolutionary tree of the Aves

the data are too incomplete to reach a conclusion

Question 13 1.5 / 2 pts

Which proposed clade for "birds" do you think is best? Why? (Hint: consider
which creatures are in and which left out.)

Your Answer:

The first clade would be the best representation of the phylogeny of birds.
Including species such as the Archaeopteryx would support the evolution of
bird's ability to fly and perch, and including earlier species like Theropods
gives background for the extensive air sacs and lighter fore limbs in birds.

While an argument might be made for any of the three possibilities, #2

is the least likely -- it includes thousands of extinct and non-birdlike
creatures -- ceratopsians, sauropods, and such (although some might
be pleased that it includes all feathered things and in particular the
pterosaurs). #1 leaves out a lot of very birdlike creatures that just
happen to be extinct. #3 rests on the arbitrary fact
that Archaeopteryx is the oldest very birdlike dinosaur, and could
easily be replaced by an older species that could fly, should one be
found.

Question 14 1 / 1 pts

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5/1/2018 Bird evolution: BIOS 10130 19,20 (Spring 2018) Core Biology

All of the defining mammalian traits develop at the same time in the synapsid
lineage.

True

Correct! False

Quiz Score: 10.42 out of 15

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