BODMAS

Brackets

Orders (i.e. Powers & Square Roots, etc)

Division OR
From left to right, whichever one comes first.
Multiplication

Addition OR
From left to right, whichever one comes first.
Subtraction

PEMDAS

Parenthesis

Exponents

Multiplication OR

Division

Addition OR

Subtraction
Examples:
1) 1 + 3 × 4
= 1 + 12
= 13

2) 12 ÷ (3) + (−3) × 2
= −4 ± 3 × 2
= −4 + −6
= −10

3) 30÷ (5 × 2) + 43 × (−3) − 1
= 30 ÷ 10 + 64 × (−3) − 1
= 3 + (−192) − 1
= −190

Ratio, Proportion & Percentage

Ratio – way of comparing the relative size of two quantities expressed as the
quotient of one divided by the other. The ratio of a to b is written as a : b or a/b.
Proportion – an equality between two ratios.
Percentage – result obtained by multiplying a quantity by a percent (out of 100).

Example 1: Last year, in a MATH 1115 class there were 60 girls and 150 boys
enrolled.
a) What was the ratio of the girls to the boys?

60:150
2:5
 b) What was the ratio of the boys to girls?

150:60
5:2
c) Is (a) = (b)? No.
d) What percentage of the class are girls?
60
× 100 = 28.6% (1 𝑑. 𝑝. )
210
e) What percentage of the class are boys?
150
× 100 = 71.4% (1 𝑑. 𝑝. )
210
f) This year, the number of boys enrolled was 180 while the ratio of girls to boys
enrolled in MATH 1115 stayed about the same as last year. How many girls
are enrolled in MATH 1115 this year?

𝐺 2 𝑥
= =
𝐵 5 180
5𝑥 = 360
360
𝑥= = 72 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
5

Example 2: Bob and Stuart share an inheritance of $52,000 in the ratio 6:7. How
much do they get?
There are 13 parts in total.
6
Bob - × $52,000 = $24,000
13
7
Stuart - × $52,000 = $28,000
13

Example 3: If 16 of 200 apples were bad, what percent is that?

16
× 100 = 8% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑑
200

Example 4: Ammonia is a compound consisting of a 1:3 ratio of nitrogen and

hydrogen atoms.
a) If a sample of ammonia contains 1563 nitrogen atoms, how many atoms of
hydrogen are present?
𝑁 1 1563
= =
𝐻 3 ℎ

ℎ = 1563 × 3
= 4689 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠

b) If a sample of ammonia contains 1425 hydrogen atoms, how many nitrogen

atoms are present?
𝑁 1 𝑛
= =
𝐻 3 1425

3𝑛 = 1425

1425
𝑛=
3
= 475 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠

Example 5: Methane is a compound consisting of a 1:4 ratio of carbon and

hydrogen atoms. If the sample of methane contains 1565 atoms, how many
carbon and hydrogen atoms are present?
 𝐶 1
=
𝐻 4
There are 5 parts in total.

1
𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 = × 1565 = 313 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠
5

4
𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 = × 1565 = 1252 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠
5