Hangul Final Review

Grammar

Lesson 20: General Overview

Characteristics of Hangul

 There are 51 alphabets and it can combine about 11,000 letters

in Korean.
 It consists of consonants and vowels.

Double Vowels

Category Word Combination

Vertical Vowels with ㅣ(i) ㅐ(ae)          ㅏ(a) + ㅣ(i)            

ㅒ(yae) ㅑ(ya) + ㅣ(i)

ㅔ(e) ㅓ(eo) + ㅣ(i)

ㅖ(ye) ㅕ(yeo) + ㅣ(i)

Combined ㅢ(eui) ㅡ(eu) + ㅣ(i)

ㅚ(wei) ㅗ(o) + ㅣ(i)

ㅘ(wa) ㅗ(o) + ㅏ(a)

ㅙ(wae) ㅗ(o) + ㅐ(ae)

ㅟ(wi) ㅜ(wo) + ㅣ(i)

ㅝ(woe) ㅜ(wo) + ㅓ(eo)

ㅞ(we) ㅜ(wo) + ㅔ(e)

Batchim(=Final Consonants)

1. Lenition: Consonant affects the next consonant

2. Fortis: Same sound is getting doubled
3. Aspiration: When one of them combines with ㅎ, it changes into
its aspirated version and removes ㅎ(h)
4. Nasalization: ㄱ(g),ㄷ(d),ㅂ(b) with nasal sound turns out to be ㅇ,
ㄴ,ㅁ
 5. Flowing: Whenever a ㄹ(r) and a ㄴ(n) meet, the ㄴ(n) becomes a ㄹ
(r)
6. Palatalization: When ㄷ(d) or ㅌ(t) + ㅣ(i), replace the ㅇ(o) and
becomes ㅈ(z), ㅊ(ch)
7. Special rules with ㅎ(h): Only becomes batchim with another
consonant, and makes aspiration the next word

Key Points

1. 먹다 When ㄱ, ㄷ or ㅂ is in the batchim position, like ㄱ of 먹, the next

consonant can be doubled

Rule Two: Fortis - ㄱ(기역), ㄷ(디읃), or ㅂ(비읍) is in the batchim position.

No matter what the following initial is, if can be doubled, it will be.

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

먹다 meokda 먹따 "to eat"

2. 밥을  batchim right before ㅇ the sound of the batchim moves to the

next syllable

Rule One: Lenition - beginning with an ㅇ (이응) and sees that the
previous syllable has a batchim, it will steal it and use it as its own
initial.

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

밥을 babuel 바블 "rice" (w/ preposition)

3. 같이 ㄷ(디읃) or ㅌ(티읕) are in the batchim position, and meet the

syllable 이 then ㄷ becomes ㅈ and ㅌ becomes ㅊ

Rule Six: Palatalization - When ㄷ(디읃) or ㅌ(티읕) are in the batchim

position, and meet the syllable 이, specifically, then they will replace
the ㅇ(o)) and in the process, ㄷ(d) becomes ㅈ(z) and ㅌ(t) becomes ㅊ
(ch).

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

같이 gachi 가치 "together"
안녕하세요 여러분. Koreanclass101.com 하나하나 한글시리즈의 에이미입니다.
Hi, everybody! I’m Amy and welcome to Hana Hana Hangul on
KoreanClass101.com - The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn
Hangul, the Korean alphabet.

Do you remember way back to lesson one of this series? We learned ㅏ,

ㅣ, and the placeholder ㅇ. You only knew three characters. But now,
you know 51 and can read about 11,000 letters in Korean.

In this lesson, we’ll stop learning the writing system and begin using it!
You will learn a lot of important Korean phrases that you’ll find
yourself using all the time! Let’s see how many you can read. Are you
ready?

Okay. Here is the first phrase. How would you read this one? Let me
give you three seconds.

Did you read it? It is read 먹따(meok-dda) and it means ‘to eat.’ Did you
get it right? If not, you may have forgotten about the batchim rule
named ‘Fortis’? When ㄱ, ㄷ or ㅂ is in the batchim position, like ㄱ of 먹,
the next consonant can be doubled. So 다 (da) becomes 따. (dda) 먹다

Then let’s read this one.

Can you read it correctly? It’s easy, right?

It’s 밥 meaning ‘rice’ in Korean.

With the verb 먹다(to eat) and this noun 밥(rice), you can say ‘to eat
rice’ in Korean.

Unlike Engilsh, you say the noun before verb. You also need a special
particle, seen here. Can you read it? It’s 을 and it marks the noun as an
object to the verb. 밥 is the object of the verb 먹다 to eat, so you should
add the particle 을 after to the noun 밥.

But as you can see, there’s no word spacing between 밥 and 을. Then
how do you read them all together. Let me give you three seconds to
read it.

You read it as 바블(babeul).ㅇ is just the place holder, so when there’s

batchim right before ㅇ the sound of the batchim moves to the next
syllable. Not 밥/을(read it separately), it’s 바블.

All together, you can say 밥을 먹다. This means ‘to eat rice.’
When the object noun doesn’t have batchim, you can use the particle
를 instead such as 나를 meaning “me”.

When what about this one? Can you read it?

If you read it as 가티 (gati) think about it once again. When ㄷ(디읃) or ㅌ

(티읕) are in the batchim position, and meet the syllable 이 then ㄷ
becomes ㅈ and ㅌ becomes ㅊ. In this case, ㅌ meets the syllable 이, so
ㅌ becomes ㅊ. So you can read it as 가치, which means “together” or
‘together with someone else’

So you can say 밥을 같이 먹다 (바블 가치 먹따) to mean ‘to eat rice

together’.

And let’s take a look at one more word. Can you read this one? It may
be difficult, but let’s try to read it step by step.

First, 예술. If you read 예 slowly, it becomes 이에. And faster again? 예.
예술 means ‘art’

And next one, 의. Let’s say 으 이 one by one, and read it fast 의. It
means ‘of’ But unlike English, the noun is before 의 so 예술의 means
‘something of art’.

Then let’s check the next noun. 전당. It’s easy right? It means hall. So
예술의 전당 means ‘hall of the art’ or ‘art hall’. Let’s read it one more
time. 예술의 전당. But when 의 is used as particle, it is usually read as 에
(e) because it’s easier to say.

예술의 “전당"

Then what about the last one? 에서. (eseo) It’s the place marking
particle like ‘at’ or ‘in’ in English. So 예술의 전당에서 means ‘at the art
hall’. If you keep reading this phrase again and again, you would be a
master of doubled vowels.

예술의 전당"에서"

Then let’s read the whole sentence now.

예술의 전당에서 밥을 같이 먹다.

So what’s the subject? To make a name or pronoun into the subject,

you can simply put the particle 은 or 는 after it. For example,

나는
나 means ‘I’ and 는 is the particle making it the subject.

Or you can use your name. For example, my Korean name 은영

(eunyeong) But in that case, the last syllable 영(yeong) has batchim, so
you can use the particle 은, instead of 는.

은영은

은영은 예술의 전당에서 밥을 같이 먹다.

If your name is Matt or 매트 if you put it in Korean, you can say

매트는 예술의 전당에서 밥을 같이 먹다.

Here, we used particle 는 because 매트 doesn’t have batchim.

And now it’s your turn. Can you write your name in Hangul? Remember
that the subject marking particle is 은 if your name has a bat-chim and
는 if it ends in a vowel sound.

Alright! You have reached the end of Hana Hana Hangul and made an
important step toward learning Korean! But your Korean journey has
just begun! If you want to continue learning, check out the Absolute
Beginner lessons on KoreanClass101.com.

Good job, everyone! And goodbye! 안녕히 계세요.