2019

HIGHER SECONDARY QUESTION PAPER

MATHEMATICS
(New Syllabus)

¿Âõö±¢éßÁ
(Marks : 70)
1. (a) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 2 ´ 1 =2

(i) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± : 2sin –1 x = cos –1 x , 0 < x < 1

÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ± A =  1 2 3  €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ðÃMà ÎüìÂ×¼ A €Âõþ
(ii)
Ý›éÂõþ €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ü¥¤Ë&ñÂõþ üÑ:± ðÃ±Ý Îû¿ìÂ× A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ ¦¤ü÷
€ÂõÑ Â›¶¿îÂü÷ ¿ßÁzÅ üÑÃßèÁ÷°é òûþ¼
(b) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×Mà Âõþ ðñÝ: 2 ´ 1 =2

 8 0   2 –2 
(i) A =   €ÂõÑ B =   , Õ›éÂõþ €ßÁ¿ìÂ×
 4 –2   –5 1 
÷ɱ¿Ãà ¸C» X ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ± Îûà±Ëò 2A + 3X = 5B ¼

2 3 x 3
(ii) = ýÃÃËù, x €Âõþ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
4 5 2x 5

(c) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 2 ´ 3 =6

2x dy
(i) y = sin – 1 --------------- ýÃÃËù -----
- €Âõþ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
1 + x2 dx

(ii) f  x  = 5 – x – 1 , f  x €Âõþ üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ

ßÁËÂõþ± €ÂõÑ x €Âõþ Îû ÷±ËòÂõþ æÃòÉ f  x  üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ î±Ý
¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
[1]
 x -
(iii) x > 0 ýÃÃËù ÎðÃà±Ý Îû log  1 + x  > ----------- ¼
1+x
(iv) Îû üßÁù ÂõÔMà x ÕUÂËßÁ ÷Óù¿ÂõµÅËÛéúéÇ ßÁËÂõþ î±ËðÃÂõþ
ÕÂõßÁù ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
xf  2  – 2 f  x -
(v) f  2  = 4 , f ¢  2  = 4 ýÃÃËù, lim ----------------------------------
x2 x–2
€Âõþ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
2 x dx
(vi) ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ± : # ----------------------------------
1  x + 1 x + 2
(d) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 2 ´ 1 =2
(i) ÎðÃà±Ý Îû, A  2 3 – 4  , B  1 – 2 3  €ÂõÑ
C  3 8 – 11  ü÷ËÂõþà¼

(ii) a = 5iˆ – ˆj – 3kˆ €ÂõÑ b = ˆi + 3 ˆj – 5kˆ , ÎðÃà±Ý Îû,

a+b €ÂõÑ a – b ›éÂõþ¦Ã›éÂõþ ù¥¤¼
(e) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 2 ´ 1 =2

(i) P  A  = a €ÂõÑ P  B  = b , îÂËÂõ ÎðÃà±Ý Îû

a
P  A  B  G --- ¼
b
(ii) û¿ðà a Ý b ñèóÂõßÁ ýÃÃûþ, îÂËÂõ ›¶÷±°é ßÁËÂõþ± Îû,
var  ax + b  = a 2 var  x 
2. (a) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 1 =4
(i) R 1 €ÂõÑ R 2 ðÅÿìÂ× ü÷îÅÂùÉî± ü¥¤&ñ [ A ÎüËìÂ× üÑ:±îÂ]¼
ÎðÃà±Ý Îû R 1 È R 2 ü÷îÅÂùÉî± ü¥¤&ñ ýÃÃËÂõ  A ¹ f  ¼
[2]
 r
(ii) tan – 1 x + tan – 1 y + tan – 1 z = ---- €ÂõÑ
2
x + y + z= 3 ýÃÃËù, ÎðÃà±Ý Îû, x = y = z ¼
(b) ¿ò¥§¿ù¿àî ›¶úŸ¢éÅ¿ùÂõþ ëÂ×Mà Âõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 2 =8
 1 2 2
 
(i) A =  2 1 2  ýÃÃËù, ÎðÃà±Ý Îû A 2 – 4A – 5I 3 = 0 ¼
 
 2 2 1
͕囱,
 i –i   1 –1 
A =   €ÂõÑ B =   ýÃÃËù, ÎðÃà±Ý
 –i i   –1 1 

Îû A 8 = 128B ¼
(ii) ›¶÷±°é ßÁËÂõþ±:

1+a 1 1
= abc  1 + --- + --- + ---
1 1 1
1 1+b 1  a b c
1 1 1+c
 abc ¹ 0 
͕囱,
Cramer€Âõþ ¿òûþË÷ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é¢éÅ¿ù ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± :
3x + y + z = 10
x+y–z = 0
5x – 9 y = 1
(c) ¿ò¥§¿ù¿àî ›¶úŸ¢éÅ¿ùÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 3 =12
(i) cos y = x cos  a + y  ,  a ¹ 0  ýÃÃËù ÎðÃà±Ý Îû,
cos 2  a + y 
dy- = -----------------------------
----- ¼
dx sin a
[3]
 ͕囱,
x = sin t , y = sin kt [ k ¹ 0 , ñèóÂõßÁ] ýÃÃËù ÎðÃà±Ý
2
Îû,  1 – x 2  d---------y – x -----
dy
- + k2 y = 0¼
dx 2 dx

(ii) ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ± : # 1 + sec x dx

͕囱,
dx
÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ± : # -----------------------------------
-
x – 1 x2 – 1
(iii) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± :  e x + 1  ydy –  y 2 + 1 e x dx = 0 ,
ÎðÃÝûþ± Õ±Ëåà x = 0 , y = 0 ¼
͕囱,
ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± :
y y
 xdy – ydx   y sin --- =  ydx + xdy   x cos ---
x x
(d) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×Mà Âõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 1 =4
(i) a , b , c €÷ò ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ Îûò a + b + c = 0
€ÂõÑ a = 1, b = 4, c = 2 ýÃÃËù,
a  b + b  c + c  a €Âõþ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
(ii) ðÅÿìÂ× €ßÁßÁ ÎöÂ"ÃÃËÂõþÂõþ ü÷¿©† €ßÁ¿ìÂ× €ßÁßÁ ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ ýÃÃËù
ÎðÃà±Ý Îû, ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÕzÂËÂõþÂõþ ÷±ò 3 ¼
(e) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×Mà Âõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 1 =4
x 2- + -----
y 2- = 1 €Âõþ ÎUÂSôÂù ¿ò°éÇûþ
(i) ü÷±ßÁùËòÂõþ ü±ýÃñËûÉ -----
2 1
ßÁËÂõþ±¼
3 dx 2 2
(ii) ›¶÷±°é ßÁËÂõþ± : # ----------------------
- = --- + log ---
1 x 2 x + 1 3 3
[4]
 (f ) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 4 ´ 1 =4
(i) A 1 A 2 . . . A n âìÂ×ò±ü÷Óýà ¦¤±ñÏò €ÂõÑ
P  A i  = 1 – q i  i = 1 2 . . . n  ¼ ›¶÷±°é ßÁËÂõþ±
Îû,
P  A1 Ç A2 Ç . . . Ç An  = 1 – q1  q2  . . .  qn ¼

(ii) Õ±ìÂ׿ìÂ× ÎçÒÁ±ßÁúéÓòÉ ÷Å^± ûËï26Ãö±ËÂõ €ßÁüËe¢é ¿ò¿UÂ5 ýÃÃù¼

¿êÂßÁ 5 ¿ìÂ× €ÂõÑ ßÁ÷›éËU 5 ¿ìÂ× ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ üy±Âõò± ¿ò°éÇûþ
ßÁËÂõþ±¼
3. (a) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 5 ´ 1 =5
(i) €ßÁ¿ìÂ× üÑlï± ÎßÁ±Ëò± ^ËÂõÉÂõþ ðÅÃÂõþßÁ÷ åÒñËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü A
Ý B ›¶dÅÂî ßÁËÂõþ¼ €ßÁ¿ìÂ× A åÒñËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü Æî¿Âõþ ßÁÂõþËîÂ
9 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ßÁ±æà ßÁÂõþ±Âõþ ÷Ëî± ú¶¿÷ßÁ ðÃÂõþßÁ±Âõþ ýÃÃûþ €ÂõÑ
1 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ù±Ë¢é ¿æÿòü¿ìÂ× ü÷±5 ßÁÂõþËî¼ B €Âõþ ÎUÂËS
12 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ù±Ë¢é Æî¿Âõþ ßÁÂõþËîÂ Ý 3 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ù±Ë¢é
¿æÿòü¿ìÂ× ü¥Ã›éi§ ßÁÂõþËî¼ A Ý B ¿æÿòü ðÅÿìÂ× Â›¶dÅÂîÂ
ßÁÂõþËî üÑlï±Âõþ ßÁ±Ëåà Î÷±ìÂ× 180 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ¿æÿòü Æî¿Âõþ
ßÁÂõþ±Âõþ æÃòÉ ú¶¿÷ßÁ Õ±Ëåà €ÂõÑ 30 ú¶÷â°IÂ×± ¿æÿòü
ü÷±¿5Âõþ æÃòÉ ú¶¿÷ßÁ Õ±Ëåü €ßÁ¿ìÂ× A åÃÒ±ËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü
¿Âõ¿ÃßèÁ ßÁËÂõþ üÑlï± ù±ö ßÁËÂõþ 8000 ìÂ×±ßÁ± €ÂõÑ €ßÁ¿ìÂ×
B åÒñËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü ¿Âõ¿ÃßèÁ ßÁËÂõþ Îü ù±ö ßÁËÂõþ 12000
ìÂ×±ßÁ±¼ ßÁî üÑàÉßÁ A åÒñËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü Ý ßÁî üÑàÉßÁ
B ¿æÿòü Æî¿Âõþ ßÁÂõþËù î±Âõþ ù±ö üËÂõDZ2ä ýÃÃûþ î± ¿òË°éÇûþ
ü÷üɱËßÁ ÆÂõþ¿àßÁ Λ¶±¢¶±÷¿Âõ¿ñ ü÷üɱ ¿ýÃÃËüËÂõ ›¶ßÁ±úé
ßÁËÂõþ±¼
[5]
 (ii) Îùà¿äÂËSÂõþ ü±ýÃñËûÉ ÆÂõþ¿àßÁ Λ¶±¢¶±÷¿Âõ¿ñ ü÷üɱ¿ìÂ×Âõþ
ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± €ÂõÑ ÕöÂÏ©† ÕË›éUÂßÁ Z €Âõþ ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ò
¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼ [åÃßÁ ßÁ±¢éËæÃÂõþ ›¶Ëûþ±æÃò Îòý×à ]:
Z = 200x + 500 y
úéîÇ ü±Ë›éËU x + 2 y H 10 , 3x + 4 y G 24 , x H 0 ,
y H 0¼

(b) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± ðÅÿìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 5 ´ 2 =10

(i) û¿ðà ax 2 + b y 2 = 1 €ÂõÑ Ax 2 + B y 2 = 1

[ a ¹ A , b ¹ B , aB – bA ¹ 0 ] ÂõÃßèÁ ðÅÿìÂ×
›éÂõþ¦Ã›éÂõþËßÁ ù¥¤ö±ËÂõ ÎåÃðà ßÁËÂõþ, îÂËÂõ ÎðÃà±Ý Îû
1 1 1 1
--- – --- = ---- – --- ¼
a b A B

(ii) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ± :  1 + x 2 dy + 2xydx = cot xdx

x2 – x + 1
(iii) ßÁùò¿ÂõðÃɱÂõþ ü±ýÃñËûÉ ------------------------ €Âõþ üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ €ÂõÑ
x2 + x + 1
üÂõÇ¿ò¥§ ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
(iv) ÷±ò ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ± :
n n 1-
------------------
lim + ------------------ + . . . + -----
n¥ n +12 2 n +22 2 2n

(c ) ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶ËúŸÂõþ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ ðñÝ: 5 ´ 1 =5

(i)  – 2 1 3  ¿ÂõµÅ¢é±÷Ï €ÂõÑ 2x – 7 y + 4z = 0 Ý

3x – 5 y + 4z + 11 = 0 €Âõþ ÎåÃðÃßÁ ÎÂõþà±¢é±÷Ï
ü÷îÂËùÂõþ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
[6]
 x+2 y+1 z–3
(ii) ------------ = ------------ = ----------- üÂõþùËÂõþà±Âõþ ëÂ×›é¿Âõþlï Îû
3 2 2
¿ÂõµÅ  1 2 3  ¿ÂõµÅ ÎïËßÁ 3 2 €ßÁßÁ ðÓÃËÂõþ ÕÂõ¿lïîÂ
Îüý×à ¿ÂõµÅ¿ìÂ×Âõþ lï±ò±eßÁ ¿ò°éÇûþ ßÁËÂõþ±¼
¿Âõö±¢éà
(Marks : 10)
1. ¿ÂõßÁŠ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ¢éÅ¿ùÂõþ ÷ËñÉ ÎïËßÁ ü¿êÂßÁ ëÂ×MÃÂõþ¿ìÂ× ÎÂõËåà ¿òËûþ
ÎùËà±: 1 ´ 10 =10
(i) a = ˆi + 3jˆ – kˆ €ÂõÑ b = 2iˆ + 6jˆ + mk̂ ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ ðÅÿìÂ×
ü÷±zÂÂõþ±ù ýÃÃËù m €Âõþ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
(a) 3 (b) – 6 (c) – 3 (d) – 2
a
(ii) f  x  = – f  – x  ýÃÃËù # f  x dx €Âõþ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
–a
a
(a) 2a (b) a (c) --- (d) 0
2
3 4
(iii) P  A  = --- , P  B  = --- €ÂõÑ P  A È B  = 2--- ýÃÃËù
7 7 9
P  A/B  €Âõþ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
7 14 5 4
(a) ------ (b) ------ (c) ------ (d) ---
18 27 18 9
(iv) Îû ÎUÂËS (domain) f  x  = 3x 2 – 2x €ÂõÑ
g  x  = 3  3x – 2  ÕË›éUÂßÁ ðÅÿìÂ× ü÷±ò î± ýÃÃËÂõ
 
(a)  1 2---  (b)  1 3 
 3

2  2 
(c)  --- 3  (d)  --- 0 
3  3 
[7]
 (v) €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Âõ¢éÇËUÂËSÂõþ Âõ±ýÅà Âõþ ÆðÃâÇÉ ÂõÔ¿XÂõþ ýÃñÂõþ 1cm/sec , ûàò
Âõ¢éÇËUÂËSÂõþ Âõ±ýÅà Âõþ ÆðÃâÇÉ 2cm îÂàò î±Âõþ ÎUÂSôÂËùÂõþ ÂõÔ¿XÂõþ
ýÃñÂõþ ýÃÃËÂõ
(a) 4cm 2 /sec (b) 8cm 2 /sec
(c) 1cm 2 /sec (d) 2cm 2 /sec
(vi) €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ÷Å^± 10 Âõ±Âõþ ìÂ×ü ßÁÂõþ± ýÃÃù¼ î±Âõþ 6 Âõ±Âõþ ÎýÃÃë ձü±Âõþ
üy±Âõò± ýÃÃù
10 1 10 1
(a) C5  -------- (b) C3  --------
2 10 2 10
10 1 10 1
(c) C4  -------- (d) C8  --------
2 10 2 10
(vii) x – y + 2z = 9 €ÂõÑ 2x + y + z = 7 ü÷îÂù ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ
÷ñÉÂõî¹ ÎßÁ±°é ýÃÃù
(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 60 (d) 90
r
(viii) tan  ---- – tan – 1 --- €Âõþ
1
2
÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
3
1 2 3
(a) --- (b) 3 (c) --- (d) ---
3 3 2
5–x dy-
(ix) y = tan – 1 --------------- ýÃÃËù ----- €Âõþ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
1 + 5x dx
1 - 1 -
(a) – -------------- (b) --------------
1 + x2 1 + x2
5
(c) 5 (d) ---------------
1 + x2
(x) ÎßÁ±Ëò± ¿ò°éDZûþËßÁÂõþ ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± ðÅÿìÂ× ü±¿Âõþ Âõ± dÂy տöÂi§ ýÃÃËù
î±Âõþ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) – 1 (d) 1
[8]
 SOLUTION
¿Âõö±¢éßÁ
1. (a) (i) 2sin –1 x = cos –1 x ä 0 < x < 1
Âõ±, 2sin –1 x = r
---- – sin – 1 x
2

ë ‹ cos –1 x + sin –1 x = r
---- ÿ
2

Âõ±, 3sin –1 x = r
----
2

Âõ±, sin –1 x = r
----
6
r 1
\ x = sin ---- = ---
6 2
(ii) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ü¥¤&ñ R ¿ò¥§ÂõþÓË›é
üÑ:±î–
R = {  1 1   2 2   3 3   2 3   3 2   1 2 
 2 1 }
¦Ã›é©†îÂý×à ÎðÃà± û±ûþ Îû, R ü¥¤Ë&ñÂõþ ÎUÂËS üÂõ a Î A 
€Âõþ æÃòÉ  a a  Î R ä üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R ü¥¤&ñ
¦¤ü÷¼
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, R ü¥¤Ë&ñÂõþ ÎUÂËS  a b  Î R 2 Þ  b a  Î R
úéîÇ ¿üX ýÃÃûþäÂ
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R ü¥¤&ñ ›¶¿îÂü÷¼
ÎûËýÃÃîÅ  3 2  Î R €ÂõÑ  2 1  Î R , ¿ßÁzÅÂ
 3 1  Ï R äÂ
[9]
 üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ R ü¥¤Ë&ñÂõþ ÎUÂËS,  a b  Î R €ÂõÑ
 b c  Î R Þ  a c  Î R úéîÇ ¿üX ýÃÃûþ ò±¼
Õî€Âõ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R ü¥¤&ñ üÑÃßèÁ÷°é òûþ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ ÎðÃà± û±ûþ Îû, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ üÑ:±î R ü¥¤&ñ
¦¤ü÷ €ÂõÑ Â›¶¿îÂü÷, ¿ßÁzÅ üÑÃßèÁ÷°é òûþ¼
(b) (i) 2A + 3X = 5B

 8 0   2 –2 
Âõ±, 2   + 3X = 5  
 4 –2   –5 1 

 8 0   2 –2 
ë ›¶ðÃMà A =   €ÂõÑ B =  ÿ
 4 –2   –5 1 

 16 0   10 – 10 
Âõ±,   + 3X =  
 8 –4   – 25 5 

 10 – 10   16 0 
Âõ±, 3X =   – 
 – 25 5   8 – 4 

 10 – 16 – 10 – 0   – 6 – 10 
Âõ±, 3X =   = 
 – 25 – 8 5 + 4   – 33 9 

 10- 
1  – 6 – 10   – 2 – -----
3 
\ X = ---   =
3  – 33 9   
 – 11 3 

 – 2 – 10
------ 
\ ¿òË°éÇûþ X ÷ɱ¿Ãà ¸C»¿ìÂ× ýÃÃù  3
 
 – 11 3 

[ 10 ]
 23 x 3
(ii) =
45 2x 5

Âõ±,  10 – 12  =  5x – 6x 
Âõ±, – 2 = – x \ x = 2
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, x €Âõþ ÷±ò 2 ¼
2x
(c) (i) y = sin – 1 --------------- = 2tan – 1 x
1 + x2
dy- = -----
d-  2tan – 1 x  = 2  --------------
1 - = --------------
2 -
\ -----
dx dx 1 + x2 1 + x2

(ii) f  x  = 5 – x – 1
Õ±÷Âõþ± æñ¿ò, x – 1 H 0
\ f  x €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ýÃÃËÂõ ûàò x – 1 = 0
Âõ±, x – 1 = 0 Âõ±, x = 1
€ÂõÑ f  x €Âõþ üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ÷±ò = 5 – 0 = 5
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, f  x €Âõþ üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ÷±ò 5 €ÂõÑ x = 1 €Âõþ æÃòÉ
f  x  üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ýÃÃËÂõ¼
x -
(iii) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, f  x  = log  1 + x  – -----------
1+x

d x -
\ f ¢  x  = ------  log  1 + x  – ----------- 
dx  1 + x

1 1 + x   1 – x  1
= ------------ – -----------------------------------------
1+x  1 + x 2
[ 11 ]
 1 - – -------------------
1 - = -------------------
x ->0
= -----------
1 + x  1 + x 2  1 + x 2

ë‹ x > 0 ÿ
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, f  x  > f  0 , ûàò x > 0
\ f  x  > 0, ûàò x > 0 ë ‹ f  0  = 0 ÿ
x ->0
ÕïDZÈ, log  1 + x  – ----------- , ûàò x > 0
1+x
x
Âõ±, log  1 + x  > -----------
- , ûàò x > 0
1+x
(iv) ÎûüÂõ ÂõÔMà ÷Óù¿ÂõµÅËî x ÕŽÂËßÁ ¦›éúéÇ ßÁËÂõþ, î±ËðÃÂõþ
ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ýÃÃûþ,
x 2 + y 2 – 2ay = 0 . . .1
Îûà±Ëò, a ÛßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›éɱÂõþ±¿÷ìÂ×±Âõþ¼
Ûàò,  1  ÛÂõþ ëÂ×öÂûþ›éŽÂËßÁ x ÛÂõþ ü±Ë›éËŽÂ ÕÂõßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ
›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
dy dy
2x + 2 y ------ – 2a ------ = 0
dx dx
x2 + y2
2x =  ------------------ – 2 y  ------
dy
Âõ±,  y  dx
ë  1  ÎïËßÁ 2a ÛÂõþ ÷±ò Âõ¿üËûþÿ
dy
Âõ±,  x 2 – y 2  ------ = 2xy
dx
Û¿ìÂ×ý×à ¿òË°éÇûþ ÕÂõßÁù ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é¼
(v) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, x – 2 = t
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, t  0 ûàò x  2 €ÂõÑ x = t + 2
[ 12 ]
 xf  2  – 2 f  x 
€àò, lim -----------------------------------
x2 x–2
t + 2 f 2 – 2 f t + 2
= lim ----------------------------------------------------------
t0 t
tf  2  + 2 f  2  – 2 f  t + 2 
= lim ----------------------------------------------------------------
t0 t
tf  2  f t + 2 – f 2
= lim ------------- – 2  lim --------------------------------------
t0 t t0 t
= f 2 – 2 f ¢2 ë‹ t ¹ 0 ÿ
=4 – 2 ´ 4 ë ›¶ðÃMà f  2  = 4 , f ¢  2  = 4 ÿ
= 4 – 8 = –4

2 2 x + 1 –  x + 2
(vi) # 2----------------------------------
x dx = # ------------------------------------------- dx
1  x + 1 x + 2 1  x + 1 x + 2

= #  -----------
2 1 - dx = 2 # 2-----------
2 - – ----------- 1 21
- dx – # ------------ dx

1 x+2 x+1  1 x+2 1x + 1

= 2  log  x + 2   12 –  log  x + 1   12

= 2  log 4 – log 3  –  log 3 – log 2 

= 4 log 2 – 2 log 3 – log 3 + log 2
= 5 log 2 – 3 log 3

= log 2 5 – log 3 3 = log  ------

32
 27
(d) (i) ›¶ðÃMà ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× ¿ÂõµÅ A  2 3 – 4  , B  1 – 2 3  €ÂõÑ
C  3 8 – 11 
[ 13 ]
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, OX , OY €ÂõÑ OZ Õ¿öÂ÷ÅËà €ßÁßÁ ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ
ûï±ÃßèÁË÷ ˆi , ˆj €ÂõÑ kˆ ýÃÃËù,
OA = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj – 4kˆ , OB = ˆi – 2 ˆj + 3kˆ €ÂõÑ
OC = 3iˆ + 8 ˆj – 11kˆ

\ AB = OB – OA
=  ˆi – 2 ˆj + 3kˆ  –  2iˆ + 3 ˆj – 4kˆ 
= – ˆi – 5 ˆj + 7kˆ = –  ˆi + 5 ˆj – 7kˆ 

€ÂõÑ AC = OC – OA
=  3iˆ + 8 ˆj – 11kˆ  –  2iˆ + 3 ˆj – 4kˆ 
= ˆi + 5 ˆj – 7kˆ

\ AB = – AC €ÂõÑ €ËUÂËS A ¿ÂõµÅ¿ìÂ× AB Ý AC

ëÂ×öÂûþ ÎöÂ"ÃÃËÂõþÂõþ ü±ñ±Âõþ°é ¿ÂõµÅ¼ üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, AB Ý AC ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ
ðÅÿìÂ× ü÷ËÂõþà ÕïÇ±È A , B Ý C ¿ÂõµÅ ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× ü÷ËÂõþà¼
¿ÂõßÁŠ ›éX¿îÂ
AB üÂõþùËÂõþà±Âõþ ¿ðÃßÄÁ ÕòÅ›é±î¢éÅ¿ù ûï±ÃßèÁË÷ 1 – 2 ,
– 2 – 3 , 3 –  – 4  ÕïÇ±È – 1 , – 5 7 €ÂõÑ AC
üÂõþùËÂõþà±Âõþ ¿ðÃßÄÁ ÕòÅ›é±î¢éÅ¿ù ûï±ÃßèÁË÷ 3 – 2 , 8 – 3 ,
– 11 –  – 4  ÕïÇ±È 1 5 – 7

€àò, –-----1- = –-----5- = -----

7
-
1 5 –7
\ AB Ý AC üÂõþùËÂõþà± ðÅÿìÂ× Â›éÂõþ¦Ã›éÂõþ ü÷±zÂÂõþ±ù¼ ¿ßÁzÅÂ
üÂõþùËÂõþà± ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ü±ñ±Âõþ°é ¿ÂõµÅ A ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A B C ¿ÂõµÅ ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× ü÷ËÂõþà¼
[ 14 ]
 (ii) a = 5iˆ – ˆj – 3kˆ €ÂõÑ b = ˆi + 3 ˆj – 5kˆ
\ a + b =  5iˆ – ˆj – 3kˆ  +  ˆi + 3 ˆj – 5kˆ 
= 6iˆ + 2 ˆj – 8kˆ

Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, a – b =  5iˆ – ˆj – 3kˆ  –  ˆi + 3 ˆj – 5kˆ 

= 4iˆ – 4 ˆj + 2kˆ

€àò,  a + b    a – b 
=  6iˆ + 2 ˆj – 8kˆ    4iˆ – 4 ˆj + 2kˆ 
= 24 – 8 – 16 = 0

üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ,  a + b  Ý  a – b  ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ ðÅÿìÂ× Â›éÂõþ¦Ã›éÂõþ ù¥¤¼

¿ÂõßÁŠ ›éX¿îÂ
a + b  a – b

=a  a – a  b + b  a – b  b
2
= a2– b ë ‹ x  x = x 2 €ÂõÑ x  y = y  x ÿ
2 2
=  5 2 +  –1  2 +  –3  2  –  1 2 + 3 2 +  –5  2 

ë ‹ a = 5iˆ – ˆj – 3kˆ  b = ˆi + 3 ˆj – 5kˆ ÿ

= 35 – 35 = 0
(e) (i) ÎûËýÃÃîÅ  A È B  Ý  A È B c  âìÂ×ò± ðÅÿìÂ× Â›éÂõþ¦›éÂõþ ›éÔïßÁ
ÛÂõÑ A =  A È B  Ç  A È B c 
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, üy±Âõò±Âõþ ü÷¿©† ¿Âõø¸ûþßÁ ëÂ×›é›é±ËðÃÉÂõþ ›¶Ëûþ±Ë¢é ›é±Ýûþ±
û±ûþ,
P  A  = P   A È B  Ç  A È Bc  
[ 15 ]
 Âõ±, P  A  = P  A È B  + P  A È B c  . . .1

ÎûËýÃÃîÅ P  A È B c  H 0 ,
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ  1  ÎïËßÁ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ, P  A È B  G P  A 
ÕïDZÈ, P  A È B  G a
Ûàò, üy±Âõò±Âõþ ÎûÌ¿¢éßÁ ëÂ×›é›é±ËðÃÉÂõþ ›¶Ëûþ±Ë¢é ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
P  A È B  = P  B P  A  B 
 A È B a
Âõ±, P  A  B  = P----------------------- G ---
PB b
[‹ P  A È B  G a] [›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
(ii) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, y = ax + b
\ E  y  = E  ax + b 
= E  ax  + E  b  = aE  x  + b

Âõ±, y = ax + b
\ var  ax + b  = var  y  = E  y – y  2

= E  ax + b – ax – b  2

Âõ±, var  ax + b  = a 2 E  x – x  2 = a 2 var  x 

[›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
2. (a) (i) ›¶ðÃMà , úéÓòÉ ÎüìÂ× òûþ €÷ò ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± ÎüìÂ× A €ÂõÑ A €Âõþ
Ý›éÂõþ ðÅÿìÂ× ü¥¤&ñ R 1 Ý R 2 ä î±ýÃÃËù, R 1 3 A ´ A €ÂõÑ
R2 3 A ´ A ¼

\ R 1 È R 2 3 A ´ A ä ÕïDZÈ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 È R 2

€ßÁ¿ìÂ× ü¥¤&ñ¼
[ 16 ]
 €àò, R 1 Ý R 2 €Âõþ ëÂ×öÂËûþý×à A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ ü÷îÅÂùÉî±
ü¥¤&ñ¼ î±ýÃÃËù, R 1 Ý R 2 €Âõþ ëÂ×öÂËûþý×à A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ ¦¤ü÷,
›¶¿îÂü÷ €ÂõÑ üÑÃßèÁ÷°é ýÃÃËÂõ¼
a ÎûËýÃÃîÅ R 1 Ý R 2 €Âõþ ëÂ×öÂËûþý×à A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ ¦¤ü÷, üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ,

 a a  Î R 1 €ÂõÑ  a a  Î R 2 üÂõ a Î A €Âõþ æÃòÉ

Þ  a a  Î R 1 È R 2 üÂõ a Î A €Âõþ æÃòɼ
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 È R 2 €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ¦¤ü÷ ü¥¤&ñ¼
b ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, A ÎüËìÂ×Âõþ ðÅÿìÂ× Â›éðà a Ý b €÷ò Îû,
 a b  Î R 1 È R 2

€àò,  a b  Î R 1 È R 2
Þ  a b  Î R 1 €ÂõÑ  a b  Î R 2
Þ  b a  Î R 1 €ÂõÑ  b a  Î R 2
ë ‹  A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 Ý R 2 ëÂ×öÂËûþý×à ›¶¿îÂü÷ÿ
Þ  b a  Î R 1 È R 2

\  a b  Î R 1 È R 2 Þ  b a  Î R 1 È R 2

üÂõ a b Î A €Âõþ æÃòɼ

üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 È R 2 €ßÁ¿ìÂ× Â›¶¿îÂü÷ ü¥¤&ñ¼
c ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, A ÎüËìÂ×Âõþ ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× Â›éðà a b c €÷ò Îû,
 a b  Î R 1 È R 2 €ÂõÑ  b c  Î R 1 È R 2 ¼

€àò,  a b  Î R 1 È R 2 €ÂõÑ  b c  Î R 1 È R 2
[ 17 ]
 Þ   a b  Î R 1 Ý  a b  Î R 2  €ÂõÑ
  b c  Î R 1 Ý  b c  Î R 2 
Þ   a b  Î R 1 Ý  b c  Î R 1  €ÂõÑ
  a b  Î R 2 Ý  b c  Î R 2 
Þ  a c  Î R 1 €ÂõÑ  a c  Î R 2
ë ‹ A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 Ý R 2 ëÂ×öÂËûþý×à üÑÃßèÁ÷°éÿ
Þ  a c  Î R 1 È R 2

\  a b  Î R 1 È R 2 €ÂõÑ  b c  Î R 1 È R 2
Þ  a c  Î R 1 È R 2

üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 È R 2 €ßÁ¿ìÂ× üÑßèÁ÷°é ü¥¤&ñ¼

Õî€Âõ ÎðÃà± û±ûþ Îû, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ R 1 È R 2 ü¥¤&ñ¿ìÂ×
¦¤ü÷, ›¶¿îÂü÷ €ÂõÑ üÑÃßèÁ÷°é¼ üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A €Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ
R 1 È R 2 €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ü÷îÅÂùÉî± ü¥¤&ñ¼

(ii) ‹ tan– 1 x + tan– 1 y + tan– 1 z = r

----
2
x+y
\ tan– 1 --------------- = r
---- – tan– 1 z
1 – xy 2
x + y- = tan  r
Âõ±, -------------- ---- – tan– 1 z
1 – xy  2 

= cot  tan– 1 z  = cot  cot– 1 --- = ---

1 1
 z z
Âõ±, zx + yz = 1 – xy
[ 18 ]
Âõ±, xy + yz + zx = 1

€àò, x + y + z = 3

\  x + y + z 2 = 3 ëÂëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ Âõ¢éÇ ßÁËÂõþÿ

Âõ±, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2  xy + yz + zx  = 3

Âõ±, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 = 3  ‹ xy + yz + zx = 1 

Âõ±, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 – 1 = 0

Âõ±, x 2 + y 2 + z 2 –  xy + yz + zx  = 0
 ‹ xy + yz + zx = 1 

Âõ±, 2  x 2 + y 2 + z 2  – 2  xy + yz + zx  = 0

Âõ±, x 2 + y 2 – 2xy + y 2 + z 2 – 2 yz
+ z 2 + x 2 – 2zx = 0

Âõ±,  x – y  2 +  y – z  2 +  z – x  2 = 0 . . .1

¦Ã›é©†îÂý×à , ¿îÂò¿ìÂ× Âõ¢éÇÂõþ±¿úéÂõþ ü÷¿©†Âõþ ÷±ò úéÓòÉ ýÃÃËÂõ ûàò

›¶ËîÂÉßÁ¿ìÂ× Âõ¢éÇÂõþ±¿úéÂõþ ÷±ò ›éÔïßÁö±ËÂõ úéÓòÉ ë ‹ x y z Âõ±dÂÂõÿ

\  x – y 2 = 0 Âõ±, x = y äÂ

 y – z 2 = 0 Âõ±, y = z

€ÂõÑ  z – x  2 = 0 Âõ±, z = x
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, x = y = z [›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
[ 19 ]
  1 2 2
 
(b) (i) A =  2 1 2 
 
 2 2 1

 122  1 2 2
   
\ A2 = A  A =  2 1 2    2 1 2 
   
 221  2 2 1

 1+4+4 2+2+4 2+4+2 

 
= 2 + 2 + 4 4 + 1 + 4 4 + 2 + 2 
 
 2+4+2 4+2+2 4+4+1 

 9 8 8 
 
= 8 9 8 
 
 8 8 9 
€àò, A 2 – 4A – 5I 3
 9 8 8   122  100
     
= 8 9 8  – 4 2 1 2  – 5 0 1 0 
     
 8 8 9   221  001

 1 0 0
 
Îûà±Ëò, I3 =  0 1 0 
 
 0 0 1

 9 8 8  4 8 8  500
     
= 8 9 8  –  8 4 8  –  0 5 0 
     
 8 8 9  8 8 4  005

[ 20 ]
  9 8 8  988  0 0 0
     
= 8 9 8  –  8 9 8  = 0 0 0  =O
     
 8 8 9  889  0 0 0

͕囱,
1 –1
›¶ðÃMà , B =
–1 1

1 –1 1 –1
\ B2 =
–1 1 –1 1

1+1 –1–1
=
–1–1 1+1

2 –2 1 –1
= =2
–2 2 –1 1

\ B 2 = 2B

i –i 1 –1
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, A = Âõ±, A = i
–i i –1 1

 1 –1 
Âõ±, A = iB ‹ B = 
 – 1 1 

\ A 8 =  iB  8 = B 8 ë ‹ i 2 = – 1 , \ i 8 = 1 ÿ
=  2B  4 ë ‹ B 2 = 2B ÿ
= 16 ´  2B  2 = 64B 2 = 128B
[ 21 ]
 1+a 1 1
(ii) 1 1+b 1
1 1 1+c

--1- + 1 --1- --1-

a a a
= abc --1- --1- + 1 --1-
b b b
1 1 1
--- --- --- + 1
c c c

ë ›¶ï÷, ¿ÁZîÂÏûþ €ÂõÑ îÔÂîÂÏûþ ü±¿Âõþ¢éÅ¿ù ÎïËßÁ ûï±ÃßèÁË÷

a , b €ÂõÑ c common ¿òËûþÿ

1 + --1- + --1- + 1--- 1 + --1- + --1- + 1--- 1 + --1- + --1- + 1---

a b c a b c a b c
1
--1- + 1
1
= abc --- ---
b b b
1 1 1--- + 1
--- ---
c c c

ë R 1¢ = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 ÿ

1 1 1
1 1 1
--- --- + 1 ---
= abc  1 + --1- + --1- + 1--- b b b
 a b c 
1--- 1--- 1--- + 1
c c c

ë ›¶ï÷ ü±¿Âõþ ÎïËßÁ  1 + --1- + --1- + 1--- ÎßÁ common ¿òËûþÿ

a b c
[ 22 ]
 1 0 0
1
1 1 1 --- 1 0
= abc  1 + --- + --- + --- b
 a b c
1---
0 1
c

ëC 2¢ = C 2 – C 1 €ÂõÑ C 3¢ = C 3 – C 1 ÿ

= abc  1 + --1- + --1- + 1---

 a b c
뛶ï÷ ü±¿ÂõþÂõþ ü±Ë›éËU ¿ÂõdÔÂî ßÁËÂõþÿ
[›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
͕囱,
CramerÛÂõþ ¿òûþË÷Âõþ ü±ýÃñËûÉ Â›¶ðÃMà üýÃÃü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ¿îÂò¿ìÂ×
ü÷±ñ±ò ßÁËÂõþ ›é±ý×à ,
D D D
x = -----1- ä y = -----2- ä z = -----3- . . .1
D D D
Îûà±Ëò,
3 1 1
D = 1 1 –1
5 –9 0

3 1 1
¢
= 4 2 0  R2 = R2 + R1 
5 –9 0

= 1 ´  – 36 – 10 
[ îÔÂîÂÏûþ dÂËyÂÂõþ ›éðâéÅ¿ùÂõþ ü±Ë›éËŽÂ ¿ÂõdÔÂî ßÁËÂõþ]
= – 46 ä
[ 23 ]
 10 1 1
D1 = 0 1 –1
1 –9 0

10 1 1
¢
= 10 2 0  R2 = R2 + R1 
1 –9 0

= 1 ´  – 90 – 2  = – 92 ä

3 10 1
D2 = 1 0 –1
5 1 0

3 10 1
¢
= 4 10 0  R2 = R2 + R1 
5 1 0

= 1 ´  4 – 50  = – 46 ä

3 1 10
ÛÂõÑ D 3 = 1 1 0
5 –9 1
= 10 ´  – 9 – 5  + 1 ´  3 – 1 
= – 140 + 2 = – 138
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ,  1  ÎïËßÁ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþà ,
x = –---------
92-
= 2 ä y = –---------
46-
= 1 ä z = –-----------
138-
= 3
– 46 – 46 – 46

\ ¿òË°éÇûþ ü÷±ñ±ò: x = 2 , y = 1 ÛÂõÑ z = 3 ¼

[ 24 ]
(c) (i) cos y = x cos  a + y 
cos y - . . .1
Âõ±, x = --------------------------
cos  a + y 
 1  €ÂõþëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ y €Âõþ ü±Ë›éËU ÕzÂÂõþßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ
›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
d d
cos  a + y   ------  cos y  – cos y  ------  cos  a + y  
dx dy dy
------ = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
dy 2
cos  a + y 
– cos  a + y  sin y + cos y sin  a + y 
= -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cos 2  a + y 
sin  a + y – y  sin a
= ----------------------------------- = -----------------------------
cos  a + y 
2 cos  a + y 
2

dy- cos 2  a + y 
\ ----- = ----------------------------
- [›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
dx sin a
͕囱,
ÎûËýÃÃîÅÂ, x = sin t , \ dx
------ = cos t ä
dt
dy
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, y = sin kt , \ ------ = k cos kt
dt
dy
dy ------
= k-----------------
dt cos kt-
\ ------ = -----
-
dx dx cos t
------
dt

dy
Âõ±, y 1 cos t = k cos kt Îûà±Ëò y 1 = ------
dx
\ y 1 2 cos 2 t = k 2 cos 2 kt [ ëÂ×öÂûþ›éËŽÂÂõþ Âõ¢éÇ ßÁËÂõþ]
Âõ±, y 1 2  1 – x 2  = k 2  1 – y 2 
 ‹x = sin t Ý y = sin kt 
[ 25 ]
 d d
\ ------  y 1 2  1 – x 2   = k 2 ------  1 – y 2 
dx dx

d2 y
Îûà±Ëò y 2 = ---------
dx 2
Âõ±,  1 – x 2   2 y 1  y 2 + y 1 2   – 2x  = k 2  – 2 y y 1 

Âõ±,  1 – x 2  y 2 – x y 1 = – k 2 y ‹ y1 ¹ 0

d2 y dy
\  1 – x 2  --------- – x ------ + k 2 y = 0 [›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
dx 2 dx

(ii) # 1 + sec x dx

+ cos x dx
1 - dx = # 1---------------------
= # 1 + -----------
cos x cos x
x
2 cos ---
2
= # ------------------------------ dx ñÂõþ± û±ßÁ, z = 2 sin --x-
x
1 – 2sin 2 --- 2
2
\ dz = 2  1--- cos --x- dx
2 dz 2 2
= # ------------------
1 – z2 Âõ±, 2dz = 2 cos --x- dx
2
= 2sin – 1 z + c

= 2sin – 1  2 sin --- + c

x
 2
͕囱,
dx
# -----------------------------------
- ñÂõþ± û±ßÁ, x = sec i
x – 1 x2 – 1 \ dx = sec i tan idi
[ 26 ]
 sec i tan i di
= # ----------------------------------------------------------
 sec i – 1   sec 2 i – 1
sec i tan i - di
= # -------------------------------------------
 ------------ – 1  tan i
1
 cos i 

cos i sec i di  1 + cos i  di

= # -------------------------------- = # ----------------------------------
 1 – cos i  sin 2 i
= #  cosec 2 i + cosecicoti  di

= – cot i – coseci + c

1 + --1-
1 + cos i x-+c
= – ---------------------- + c = – ------------------
sin i 2
x –1
-------------------
x
1
ë ‹ sec i = x , \ cos i = ---
x

1 x –1 2
- = ------------------- ÿ
€ÂõÑ sin i = 1 – -----
x2 x

x+1 x+1
= – ------------------- + c = – ------------ + c
x–1
x2 – 1
(iii)  e x + 1  ydy –  y 2 + 1 e x dx = 0
ydy ex
Âõ±, --------------
- = --------------- dx
y2 + 1 ex + 1
ëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ ü÷±ßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
y dy e x
# --------------
2
- = # --------------
x
- dx
y +1 e +1
[ 27 ]
Âõ±, 1--- # d-----z- = # d-----p- ë ñÂõþ± û±ßÁ, y 2 + 1 = z
2 z p

\ 2 ydy = dz Âõ±, ydy = dz

------
2
€ÂõÑ e x + 1 = p \ e x dx = dp ÿ

Âõ±, 1--- log z = log p + 1--- log c ë c = ü÷±ßÁùò ñèóÂõßÁÿ

2 2
Âõ±, log z = 2 log p + log c
Âõ±, log z = log  p 2 c 
Âõ±, z = p 2 c
Âõ±,  y 2 + 1  =  e x + 1  2 c . . .1

ë ‹ z = y 2 + 1 €ÂõÑ p = e x + 1 ÿ
ûàò, x = 0 , y = 0 îÂàò 1 = 4c ë ‹ e0 = 1 ÿ
Âõ±, c = 1---
4

 1  € c = 1--- Âõ¿üËûþ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,

4
4 y 2 + 1  =  e x + 1 2
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ¿òË°éÇûþ ¿ÂõËúéø¸ ü÷±ñ±ò 4  y 2 + 1  =  e x + 1  2
͕囱,
›¶ðÃMà ÕÂõßÁù ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é
y y
 xdy – ydx   y sin --- =  ydx + xdy   x cos ---
x x
. . .1

 1  ÎßÁ x 2 y ÁZ±Âõþ± ëÂ×öÂûþ›éËU ö±¢é ßÁËÂõþ ›é±ý×à ,

[ 28 ]
 xdy – ydx y  ydx + xdy  y
-------------------------  sin --- = -------------------------------  cos ---
x 2 x xy x

 xy  xdy – ydx
Âõ±, d  --y-  tan --y- = d-------------
- ë ‹ ------------------------- = d  ---

y

x x xy x 2 x
€ÂõÑ ydx + xdy = d  xy  ÿ
ü÷±ßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,

# tan --y- d --y- =

1
# -----
- d xy 
x x xy

y
log e sec --- = log e xy + log c = log e c  xy
x
y
\ sec --- = cxy
x

\ ¿òË°éÇûþ ü±ñ±Âõþ°é ü÷±ñ±ò sec 2 --y- = c 2 x 2 y 2

x

(d) (i) ›¶ðÃMà , a + b + c = 0

\ a + b + c  a + b + c = 0  0 = 0

Âõ±, a   a + b + c  + b   a + b + c 

+ c  a + b + c =0

Âõ±,  a  a + a  b + a  c  +  b  a + b  b + b  c 

+ c  a + c  b + c  c = 0

Âõ±, a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2  a  b + b  c + c  a  = 0
[ 29 ]
 ë ‹ x  x = x 2 €ÂõÑ x  y = y  x ÿ

Âõ±, 1 2 + 4 2 + 2 2 + 2  a  b + b  c + c  a  = 0
ë ‹ a = 1 , b = 4 , c = 2 ÿ
Âõ±, 21 + 2  a  b + b  c + c  a  = 0
Âõ±, a  b + b  c + c  a = – 21
------
2

(ii) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, a Ý b ðÅÿìÂ× €ßÁßÁ ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ €ÂõÑ  a + b 

ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ¿ìÂ×Ý €ßÁ¿ìÂ× €ßÁßÁ ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, a = 1 , b = 1 €ÂõÑ a + b = 1
2
€àò, a + b =  a + b    a + b 
=a  a + a  b + b  a + b  b
2 2
Âõ±,  1  2 = a + 2a  b + b ä
‹ b  a = a  b

Âõ±, 1 = 1 2 + 2a  b + 1 2 = 2 + 2a  b
Âõ±, 2a  b = – 1
2
€àò, a – b =  a – b    a – b 
=a  a – a  b – b  a + b  b
2 2
= a – 2a  b + b ä
‹ b  a = a  b
[ 30 ]
 = 1 –  –1  + 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3

\ a–b = 3 ‹ a – b > 0

ÕïDZÈ, a Ý b ÎöÂ"ÃÃÂõþ ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÕzÂËÂõþÂõþ ÷±ò 3¼

x2 y2
(e) (i) ›¶ðÃMà ëÂ×›éÂõÔËMÃÃÂõþ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é : -----
- + ------ = 1
2 1
x2 2 – x2
Âõ±, y 2 = 1 – -----
- = ---------------
2 2
1- 2 x 2 ë
Âõ±, y = ------ – y > 0 ñËÂõþÿ
2
x 2- + -----
€àò, ----- y 2- = 1 ëÂ×›éÂõÔMà , x ÕU €ÂõÑ x = 0 Ý
2 1
x = 2 ÎßÁ±¿ìÂ× ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÁZ±Âõþ± üÏ÷±ÂõX Õ=ù [›¶ï÷ ›é±ËðÃ]
òÏËäÂÂõþ ¿äÂËS ÎðÃà±Ëò± ýÃÃù¼
Y
x = Ö2

X¢ X
O

x 2 + y2 =
2 1 1

Y¢

[ 31 ]
 ÎûËýÃÃîÅÂ, ëÂ×›éÂõÔMà ¿ìÂ× ëÂ×öÂûþ ÕU ü±Ë›éËU ›¶¿îÂü÷, üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ëÂ×qÁ
ÎÂõþ౿eßÁî Õ=ù = 1--- ´ ëÂ×›éÂõÔËMÃÃÂõþ ÎUÂSôÂù
4
\ ëÂ×›éÂõÔMÿìÂ×Âõþ ¿òË°éÇûþ ÎUÂSôÂù
x2 y2
= 4 [ ------ + ------ = 1 ëÂ×›éÂõÔMà , x ÕUÂ, x = 0 Ý
2 1

x = 2 ÁZ±Âõþ± üÏ÷±ÂõX ÎUÂËSÂõþ ÎUÂSôÂù]

2 21
=4 # y dx = 4 # ------- 2 – x 2 dx ë‹ y > 0 ÿ
0 0 2

2
x 2 – x 2- + 2--- sin – 1  ------
4- --------------------- x -
= ------
2 2 2  2 0

2 ´ 0- + sin – 1  1  – 0 – 0
= 2 2 ---------------- Âõ¢éÇ €ßÁßÁ
2

=2 2 ´ r
---- = r 2 Âõ¢éÇ €ßÁßÁ
2

3x+1–x
(ii) # 3----------------------
dx
- = # ----------------------- dx
1 x x + 1
2 1 x x + 1
2

3 dx 3 dx 3 dx 3x+1–x
= # ------ – # -------------------- = # ------ – # --------------------- dx
1 x2 1 xx + 1 1 x2 1 xx + 1

=– # 3--1- dx + # 3-----
1 3 1
- dx + # ------------ dx
1 x 21 x 1 x+1

[ 32 ]
 1 3
= –  log e x  3 – --- +  log e x + 1  3
1 x 1 1

= – log e3 + log e1 –  1--- – 1 + log e4 – log e2

3 

= 2--- – log e3 + 2 log e2 – log e2

3

= 2--- + log  ---

2
[›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
3 e 3


(f ) (i) ›¶úŸ±òÅû±ûþÏ, P  A i  = 1 – q i
\ P  A ic  = 1 – P  A i  = 1 –  1 – q i  = q i

Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, A  A  . . . A
1 2 âìÂ×ò±ü÷Óýà ¦¤±ñÏò
n ÂõËù
A 1c  A 2c  . . . A nc âìÂ×ò±ü÷ÓýÃ Ý ¦¤±ñÏò ýÃÃËÂõ¼
\ P(A 1c È A 2c È . . . È A nc )

= P  A 1c   P  A 2c  . . . P  A nc  = q 1 q 2 . . . q n

üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, P(A 1 Ç A 2 Ç . . . Ç A n )
= 1 – P(A 1c È A 2c È . . . È A nc )

= 1 – q1 q2 . . . qn [›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
(ii) û¿ðà ‘ü±ôÂùÉ’ ÁZ±Âõþ± €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ÎçÒÁ±ßÁúéÓòÉ ÷Å^±ûþ ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ âìÂ×ò±
üÓ¿äÂî ýÃÃûþ, îÂËÂõ p = ü±ôÂËùÉÂõþ üy±Âõò± = 1---
2

\ q = Õü±ôÂËùÉÂõþ üy±Âõò± = 1 – p = 1 – 1--- = 1---

2 2
ëÎûËýÃÃîÅ p + q = 1 ÿ
[ 33 ]
 üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, 8 ¿ìÂ× ÎçÒÁ±ßÁúéÓòÉ ÷Å^± €ßÁüËe¢é ¿ò¿UÂ5 ýÃÃËù ‘ü±ôÂùÉ
üÑàɱ’ x €Âõþ üy±Âõò± ¿Âõö±æÃò ýÃÃËÂõ f  x , Îûà±Ëò
1 8
f  x  = C x  p x  q n – x = C x   --- ä
n 8
 2
x = 0 1 2 . . . 8
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ¿êÂßÁ 5 ¿ìÂ× ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ üy±Âõò±
1 8
= f  5  = C 5   --- = 8---------------------
8 ´ 7 ´ 6- ´ ----- 1 7-
- = -----
 2 3´2 2 8 32
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ ßÁ÷›éËU 5 ¿ìÂ× ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ üy±Âõò±
= f 5 + f 6 + f 7 + f 8
8 8 8 8 8
= C 5   1--- + C 6   1--- + C 7   1---
8
 2  2  2
8
+ C 8   1---
8
 2

1 8 8 8 8
= ------  C 3 + C 2 + C 1 + C 0 
2 8

n n
ë ‹ Cr = Cn – r ÿ
1 93
= ------  56 + 28 + 8 + 1  = ---------
2 8 256
3. (a) (i) ÷Ëò ßÁÂõþ± û±ßÁ, üÑlﱿìÂ× A Ý B åÒñËäÂÂõþ ¿æÿòü ûï±ÃßèÁË÷
x Ý y ¿ìÂ× Â›¶dÅÂî ßÁËÂõþ¼
€à±Ëò ¿Âõø¸ûþ±RßÁ ÕË›éUÂßÁ Z = 8000x + 12000 y
Âõ±ñ±Ë¢é±hÂÏ ýÃÃù 9x + 12 y G 180
Þ 3x + 4 y G 60
€ÂõÑ x + 3 y G 30 Îûà±Ëò x H 0 , y H 0
[ 34 ]
 ÆÂõþ¿àßÁ Λ¶±¢¶±÷¿Âõ¿ñÂõþ ü÷üɱ¿ìÂ× ýÃÃËÂõ :
äÂÂõþ÷ [Âõ± üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ] ýÃÃËÂõ Z = 8000x + 12000 y
ûàò, 3x + 4 y G 60
x + 3 y G 30
x H 0, y H 0
(ii) ›¶ðÃMà Õü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÕòÅÂõþÓ›é ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ýÃÃù
x y . . .1
x + 2 y = 10 ÕïÇ±È -----
- + --- = 1
10 5

€ÂõÑ 3x + 4 y = 24 ÕïÇ±È --x- + --y- = 1 . . .2

8 6
xy ßÁ±ËîÇ¿üûþ îÂËù üÂõþùËÂõþà± ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ Îùà¿äÂS ÕeßÁò ßÁÂõþ±
ýÃÃù¼  1  üÂõþùËÂõþ౿ìÂ× x Ý y ÕUÂËßÁ ûï±ÃßèÁË÷
A  10 0  Ý B  0 5  ¿ÂõµÅËî ÎåÃðà ßÁËÂõþ¼  2 
üÂõþùËÂõþ౿ìÂ× x Ý y ÕUÂËßÁ ûï±ÃßèÁË÷ C  8 0  Ý
D  0 6  ¿ÂõµÅËî ÎåÃðà ßÁËÂõþ¼
Y

(0,6) D
(0,5) B
P

O X
C (8,0) A (10,0)

ÎûËýÃÃîÅ 0 + 2  0 = 0 $ 10
[ 35 ]
 \  0 0  ¿ÂõµÅ x + 2 y H 10 Õü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°éËßÁ ¿üX ßÁËÂõþ
ò±¼
Õî€Âõ ÷Óù¿ÂõµÅÂõþ ¿Âõ›éÂõþÏî ¿ðÃËßÁ x + 2 y H 0
Õü÷ÏßÁÂõþË°éÂõþ Õ=ù ¿ä¿ýóî ßÁËÂõþ¼
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ ÎûËýÃÃîÅÂ, 3  0 + 4  0 = 0 < 24
\  0 0  ¿ÂõµÅ 3x + 4 y G 24 Õü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°éËßÁ ¿üX
ßÁËÂõþ¼
Õî€Âõ, ÷Óù¿ÂõµÅÂõþ ¿ðÃËßÁ 3x + 4 y G 24 Õü÷ÏßÁÂõþË°éÂõþ
Õ=ù ¿ä¿ýóî ßÁËÂõþ¼
€àò, x + 2 y H 10 , 3x + 4 y G 24 , x H 0 , y H 0
ÁZ±Âõþ± ¿ä¿ýóî ßÁ±ûÇßÁÂõþÏ Õ=ù PBD €ÂõÑ Â›¶±¿zÂßÁ P  4 3 
ë x + 2 y = 10 €ÂõÑ 3x + 4 y = 24 üÂõþùËÂõþà±ÁZËûþÂõþ
ÎåÃðÿÂõµÅÿ, B  0 5  €ÂõÑ D  0 6  ¼
›¶¿î¿ìÂ× ¿ÂõµÅËî ¿Âõø¸ûþ±RßÁ ÕË›éUÂËßÁÂõþ ÷±ò òÏËäÂÂõþ ÎìÂ׿ÂõËù
ÎðÃÝûþ± ýÃÃù
¿Âõø¸ûþ±RßÁ ÕË›éUÂßÁ Z Âõþ ÷±ò
›¶±¿zÂßÁ ¿ÂõµÅ
 Z = 200x + 500 y 

P  4 3  200 ´ 4 + 500 ´ 3 = 2300  ÕÂõ÷

B  0 5  200 ´ 0 + 500 ´ 5 = 2500

D  0 6  200 ´ 0 + 500 ´ 6 = 3000

¿Âõø¸ûþ±RßÁ ÕË›éUÂËßÁÂõþ ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ò 2300 €ÂõÑ ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ËòÂõþ

›¶±¿zÂßÁ ¿ÂõµÅ  4 3  ¼
(b) (i) ›¶ðÃMà ÂõÃßèÁ ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ýÃÃù :
ax 2 + b y 2 = 1 . . .1
[ 36 ]
€ÂõÑ Ax 2 + B y 2 = 1 . . .2
ëÎûà±Ëò a ¹ A , b ¹ B €ÂõÑ aB – bA ¹ 0 ÿ
÷Ëò ßÁÂõþ± û±ßÁ,  1  Ý  2  ÂõÃßèÁËÂõþà± ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ €ßÁ¿ìÂ×
ÎåÃðÿÂõµÅ  x 1 y 1  ¼
\ ax 12 + b y 12 = 1 . . .3

€ÂõÑ Ax 12 + B y 12 = 1 . . .4

€àò,  1  Ý  2  ÎßÁ x €Âõþ ü±Ë›éËU ÕzÂÂõþßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ

›é±ý×à ,
dy dy- = – ax
2ax + 2by ------ = 0 Âõ±, ----- ------
dx dx by
dy dy Ax
€ÂõÑ 2Ax + 2By -----
- = 0 Âõ±, -----
- = – -------
dx dx By
ñÂõþ± û±ßÁ,  x 1 y 1  ¿ÂõµÅËî  1  Ý  2  ÂõËÃßèÁÂõþ
¦Ã›éúéÇËßÁÂõþ ›¶Âõ°éî± ûï±ÃßèÁË÷ m 1 €ÂõÑ m 2 ¼

dy ax
\ m 1 = ------ = – --------1-
dx 1 1  x  y  b y1

dy- Ax
€ÂõÑ m 2 = ----- = – ---------1-
dx  x 1 y 1  B y1

›¶úŸ±òÅü±ËÂõþ,  1  Ý  2  ÂõÃßèÁËÂõþà± ðÅÿìÂ× Â›éÂõþ¦Ã›éÂõþ ù¥¤ö±ËÂõ

ÎåÃðà ßÁËÂõþ¼
\ m1 m2 = –1

 ax   Ax 
Âõ±,  – --------1- ´  – ---------1- = – 1
 b y 1  B y 1

[ 37 ]
 Âõ±, aAx 12 = – bB y 12 . . .5

3 ÎïËßÁ  4  ¿ÂõËûþ±¢é ßÁËÂõþ ›é±ý×à ,

 a – A x 12 = –  b – B  y 12 . . .6

 6  ÎßÁ  5  ÁZ±Âõþ± ö±¢é ßÁËÂõþ ›é±ý×à ,

a–A b–B 1 1 1 1
------------- = ------------ Þ ---- – --- = --- – ---
aA bB A a B b

Þ --1- – --- = ---- – ---

1 1 1
[›¶÷±¿°éîÂ]
a b A B
(ii)  1 + x 2 dy + 2xydx = cot xdx . . .1

 1  €Âõþ ëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ  1 + x 2 dx ÁZ±Âõþ± ö±¢é ßÁËÂõþ ›é±Ýûþ±

û±ûþ,
2x
dy- + -------------- cot x- . . .2
----- -  y = --------------
dx 1 + x 2 1 + x2
dy- + Py = Q Õ±ßÁ±ËÂõþ ›¶ßÁ±úé ßÁËÂõþ
2 ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é¿ìÂ× -----
dx
›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
2x cot x
P = --------------- €ÂõÑ Q = --------------
-
1 + x2 1 + x2

# P dx 2x
# --------------
\ = - dx = log e 1 + x 2 
1+x 2

# P dx log e 1 + x 2 
\ ü÷±ßÁù ¢éÅ°éßÁ = e = e = 1 + x2
€àò,  2  €Âõþ ëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ  1 + x 2  ÁZ±Âõþ± ¢éÅ°é ßÁËÂõþ
›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
dy- + 2xy = cot x
 1 + x 2  -----
dx
[ 38 ]
 d-
Âõ±, -----  y  1 + x 2   = cot x
dx

Âõ±, # d y  1 + x 2   = # cot x dx
ëëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ ü÷±ßÁùò ßÁËÂõþÿ
Âõ±, y  1 + x 2  = log e sin x + c
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ¿òË°éÇûþ ü±ñ±Âõþ°é ü÷±ñ±ò :
y  1 + x 2  = log e sin x + c

x2 – x + 1 . . .1
(iii) y = ------------------------
x2 + x + 1
2x
= 1 – ------------------------
x2 + x + 1

 x 2 + x + 1  ------ d
 x  – x  ------ d
x2 + x + 1
dy dx dx
\ ------ = – 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
dx  x 2 + x + 1 2

x 2 + x + 1 – x  2x + 1 
= – 2  ------------------------------------------------------
 x 2 + x + 1 2

2 x 2 – 1 -
= -------------------------------
 x 2 + x + 1 2
dy- = 0
äÂÂõþ÷ Âõ± ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ËòÂõþ æÃòÉ -----
y €Âõþ
dx

2 x 2 – 1 - = 0
\ -------------------------------
 x 2 + x + 1 2

Âõ±, x 2 – 1 = 0 \ x = ±1
[ 39 ]
 2 d  2 x 2 – 1 
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, d---------y = -----
-  -------------------------------- 
dx 2 dx x + x + 1 
2 2

 x 2 + x + 1  2 2x
–  x 2 – 1 2  x 2 + x + 1   2x + 1 
=2 
 x 2 + x + 1 4

x  x 2 + x + 1  –  x 2 – 1   2x + 1 
= 4  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 x 2 + x + 1 3
d2
---------y 12 - > 0
\ = ---------
dx x = 1  3  3
2

2
€ÂõÑ d---------y = –4 < 0
dx 2 x = – 1
\ x = – 1 ¿ÂõµÅËî y €Âõþ äÂÂõþ÷ ÷±ò Õ±Ëåà €ÂõÑ x = 1
¿ÂõµÅËî y €Âõþ ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ò Õ±Ëåü
1+1+1
\ y max = --------------------- = 3 ë  1  € x = – 1 Âõ¿üËûþÿ
1–1+1
1–1+1 1
- = --- ë  1  € x = 1 Âõ¿üËûþÿ
€ÂõÑ y min = --------------------
1+1+1 3
¿ÂõßÁŠ ›éX¿îÂ
x2 – x + 1 x 2 + x + 1 – 2x
y = ------------------------ = -------------------------------------
x2 + x + 1 x2 + x + 1
2x 2 - = 1 – 2---
= 1 – ------------------------ = 1 – ---------------------
x2 + x + 1 x + --1- + 1 t
x

ë t = x + --1- + 1 ñËÂõþÿ
x
[ 40 ]
 2
y €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõÇ¿ò¥§ ýÃÃËÂõ, ûàò --- €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ Âõ± ÂõÔýà Mà ÷
t
ýÃÃËÂõ Âõ± t €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõÇ¿ò¥§ ýÃÃËÂõ¼
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, y €Âõþ üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ, ûàò 2--- €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõÇ¿ò¥§
t
Âõ± UÅÂ^îÂ÷ ýÃÃËÂõ Âõ± t €Âõþ ÷±ò üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ýÃÃËÂõ¼
€àò, t = x + --1- + 1
x
dt- 1 1
\ ----- d 2 t = -----
2-
= – ------ €ÂõÑ ---------
dx x2 dx 2 x3
dt- = 0
äÂÂõþ÷ Âõ± ÕÂõ÷ ÷±ËòÂõþ æÃòÉ -----
t €Âõþ
dx
dt- = 0 1- = 0 Âõ±, x 2 – 1 = 0
\ ----- Âõ±, 1 – -----
dx x2
\ x = 1 – 1
d2t
--------- = 2>0
dx 2 x = 1
d2t
€ÂõÑ --------- = –2 < 0
dx 2 x = – 1
t UÅÂ^îÂ÷ ýÃÃËÂõ, ûàò x = 1
 1 2 – 1 + 1 1
\ y €Âõþ üÂõÇ¿ò¥§ ÷±ò = ----------------------------
- = ---
 1 2 + 1 + 1 3
Õ±Âõ±Âõþ, t ÂõÔýà Mà ÷ ýÃÃËÂõ, ûàò x = – 1
üÂõDZ¿ñßÁ ÷±ò ýÃÃËÂõ = ---------------------------------------
–1  –  –1  + 1
2
\ y €Âõþ -
 –1  2 – 1 + 1
+ 1 + 1- = 3
= 1--------------------
1
[ 41 ]
 n n 1-
(iv) ------------------
lim + ------------------ + . . . + -----
n¥ n +12 2 n +22 2 2n

1 n2 n2 n2
= lim --- ------------------ + ------------------ + . . . + -------------------
n  ¥n n 2 + 1 2 n 2 + 2 2 n2 + n2

1 1 - + --------------------
1 - + . . . + --------------------
1 -
= lim --- --------------------
n¥ n 2 2 2
1 +  --1- 1 +  --2- 1 + n ---
 n  n  n

1 n 1
= lim ---  ---------------------
n  ¥n r = 1 r 2
1 +  ---
 n

n
1 -
= lim h
h0

----------------------
r = 1 1 +  rh 
2

ëÎûà±Ëò --1- = h Âõ± nh = 1 ÿ

n

1 1
= # --------------
- dx
0 1 + x2

=  tan – 1 x  1 = tan – 1 1 – tan – 1 0 = r

----
0 4
(c) (i) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, 2x – 7 y + 4z = 0 Ý 3x – 5 y + 4z + 11 = 0
ü÷îÂù ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÎåÃðÃßÁËÂõþà± ¿ðÃËûþ Õ¿eßÁî ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò±
ü÷îÂËùÂõþ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ýÃûþ
 2x – 7 y + 4z  + m  3x – 5 y + 4z + 11  = 0 . . .  1 
ëÎûà±Ëò m  ¹ 0 ¥  ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± Âõ±dÂÂõ Õ¿ò¿ðÃÇ©† ñèóÂõßÁÿ
[ 42 ]
 ÎûËýÃÃîÅ  1  ü÷îÂù  – 2 1 3  ¿ÂõµÅ¢é±÷Ï,
Õî€Âõ,
2  – 2  – 7 + 12 + m  3  – 2  – 5 + 12 + 11 ] = 0
Âõ±, – 4 – 7 + 12 + m  – 6 – 5 + 12 + 11  = 0
Âõ±, 12m = – 1 1-
Âõ±, m = – -----
12
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ¿òË°éÇûþ ü÷îÂù¿ìÂ×Âõþ ü÷ÏßÁÂõþ°é ýÃÃûþ
1
 2x – 7 y + 4z  – ------  3x – 5 y + 4z + 11  = 0
12
1
ë  1  € m = – -----
- Âõ¿üËûþÿ
12
Âõ±, 12  2x – 7 y + 4z  –  3x – 5 y + 4z + 11  = 0
Âõ±, 24x – 84 y + 48z – 3x + 5 y – 4z – 11 = 0
\ 21x – 79 y + 44z = 11
x + 2- y+1 – 3-
(ii) ÷Ëò ßÁËÂõþ±, ----------- = ------------ = z----------
= t ä Îûà±Ëò t €ßÁ¿ìÂ×
3 2 2
Âõ±dÂÂõ ›éɱÂõþ±¿÷ìÂ×±Âõþ¼ î±ýÃÃËù, üÂõþùËÂõþ౿ìÂ×Âõþ Ý›éÂõþ ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò±
¿ÂõµÅÂõþ lï±ò±eßÁ  – 2 + 3t  – 1 + 2t  3 + 2t  ¼ û¿ðà €ý×Ã
¿ÂõµÅ¿ìÂ×Âõþ  1 2 3  ¿ÂõµÅ ÎïËßÁ ðÓÃÂõþQ 3 2 €ßÁßÁ ýÃÃûþ,
îÂËÂõ
 – 2 + 3t – 1  2 +  – 1 + 2t – 2  2 +  3 + 2t – 3  2
=3 2
Âõ±, 9t 2 – 18t + 9 + 4t 2 – 12t + 9 + 4t 2 = 18
Âõ±, 17t 2 – 30t = 0 Âõ±, t  17t – 30  = 0
\ t = 0 30
------
17
[ 43 ]
 üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, ¿òË°éÇûþ ¿ÂõµÅ¿ìÂ× ýÃÃûþ,  – 2 + 3t  – 1 + 2t  3 + 2t 
ÕïÇ±È  – 2 – 1 3  [ t = 0 Âõ¿üËûþ]
ÕïÂõ±, [ – 2 + 3 ´ 30 30 30
------ , – 1 + 2 ´ ------ , 3 + 2 ´ ------ ]
17 17 17

=  ------ ------ --------- ë t = Âõ¿üËûþÿ

56 43 111 30
------
 17 17 17  17

¿Âõö±¢éà
1. (i) ›¶ðÃMà , a||b
Îûà±Ëò, a = î + 3ĵ – k̂ Ý b = 2î + 6ĵ + mk̂
1--- = 3--- = –
\ -----1-
2 6 m
Âõ±, m = –2
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, D ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
(ii) ›¶ðÃMà , f  x  = – f  – x 
Âõ±, f  –x  = –f  x 
ÕïDZÈ, f  x  €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ÕûÅ¢¬ ÕË›éUÂßÁ¼
a
\ # a f  x dx = 0 , ÎûËýÃÃîÅ fx €ßÁ¿ìÂ× ÕûÅ¢¬
–
ÕË›éUÂßÁ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, D ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
(iii) ›¶ðÃMà , P  A  = 3--- , P  B  = 4--- €ÂõÑ P  A È B  = 2---
7 7 9
2
---
 A È B - = --9 = 2--- ´ 7--- = -----
P  A/B  = P 7-
€àò, ----------------------
PB 4--- 9 4 18
7
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
[ 44 ]
(iv) f  x  = 3x 2 – 2x €ÂõÑ g  x  = 3  3x – 2  ÕË›éUÂßÁ ðÅÿìÂ×
ü÷±ò ýÃÃËù,
3x 2 – 2x = 3  3x – 2 

Âõ±, 3x 2 – 2x = 9x – 6

Âõ±, 3x 2 – 11x + 6 = 0

Âõ±,  x – 3   3x – 2  = 0
2
\ x = --- 3
3

2 
\ f  x  = g  x  x Î  --- 3 
3 

üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, C ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼

(v) ñÂõþ± û±ßÁ, t ÎüËßÁ1 ü÷Ëûþ Âõ¢éÇËUÂS¿ìÂ×Âõþ ›¶¿î¿ìÂ× Âõ±ýÅà Âõþ ÆðÃâÇÉ
a Îü¿÷ €ÂõÑ ÎUÂSôÂù A Âõ¢éÇËü¿÷¼

\ A = a2

------- = 2a da
dA da
\ ------ = 2a ´ 1 ‹ ------ = 1
dt dt dt

= 2a

dA
-------
\ = 2´2 = 4
dt a = 2

ÕïDZÈ, ûàò Âõ¢éÇËUÂS¿ìÂ×Âõþ Âõ±ýÅà Âõþ ÆðÃâÇÉ 2 Îü¿÷ îÂàò î±Âõþ

ÎUÂSôÂËùÂõþ ÂõÔ¿XÂõþ ýÃñÂõþ 4 Îü¿÷ 2 / ÎüËßÁ1 ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
[ 45 ]
(vi) ÷Å^±¿ìÂ× Â›éÂõþ›éÂõþ 10 Âõ±Âõþ ìÂ×ü ßÁÂõþ± ýÃÃËù x üÑàÉßÁ Âõ±Âõþ ü±ôÂËùÉÂõþ
10
ÕïÇ±È ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ üy±Âõò± ýÃÃËÂõ Cx p x q 10 – x

 x = 0 1 2 . . . 10 
Îûà±Ëò, p = ÷Å^±¿ìÂ×Âõþ ›¶ËîÂÉßÁ ìÂ×Ëü ü±ôÂËùÉÂõþ üy±Âõò±
= ›¶ËîÂÉßÁ ìÂ×Ëü ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ üy±Âõò±
= 1---
2
1 1
€ÂõÑ q = 1 – p = 1 – --- = ---
2 2
€ËUÂËS, ÷Å^±¿ìÂ× 10 Âõ±Âõþ ìÂ×ü ßÁÂõþ±Âõþ ôÂËù 6 Âõ±Âõþ ÎýÃÃë ›éëÂÿ±Âõþ
üy±Âõò±
1 6 1 10 – 6
C6   ---   ---
10
=
 2  2

1 6+4
C4   ---
10
=
 2
10 1
= C4  --------
2 10
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, C ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
(vii) x – y + 2z = 9 . . .1
2x + y + z = 7 . . .2
ü÷îÂù ðÅÿìÂ×Âõþ ÷ñÉÂõî¹ ÎßÁ±°é i ýÃÃËù,
1 ´ 2 +  –1  ´ 1 + 2 ´ 1
i = cos – 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 +  –1  2 +  2  2 2 2 + 1 2 + 1 2
2

–1+2
= cos – 1 2--------------------
-
6 6
[ 46 ]
 1
= cos – 1 3--- = cos – 1 --- = 60
6 2
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, C ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
(viii) tan  r
---- – tan – 1 1---
2 3

= tan  cot – 1 ---

1
 3

= tan  tan – 1 3 
=3
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, B ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
5–x
(ix) y = tan – 1 ---------------
1 + 5x
= tan – 1 5 – tan – 1 x
ëÂ×öÂûþ›éUÂËßÁ x €Âõþ ü±Ë›éËU ÕzÂÂõþßÁùò ßÁËÂõþ ›é±Ýûþ± û±ûþ,
dy- 0 1 1 -
----- = – --------------- = – --------------
dx 1+x 2 1 + x2
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼
(x) ÎßÁ±Ëò± ¿ò°éDZûþËßÁÂõþ ÎûÎßÁ±Ëò± ðÅÿìÂ× ü±¿Âõþ Âõ± dÂy տöÂi§ ýÃÃËù
î±Âõþ ÷±ò úéÓòÉ ýÃÃûþ¼
üÅîÂÂõþ±Ñ, A ¿ÂõßÁŠ¿ìÂ× ü¿êÂßÁ¼

[ 47 ]