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 CHAPTER 14- METALLURGY

Single Correct Type

1. Ore  CN   H2O 
O2 Zn
 X   Y  metal. X and Y in this reaction is
 2
(A) X   Ag  CN 2  ; Y   Zn  CN 4  (B)
   
2 2
X   Ag  CN 4  ; Y   Zn  CN 4 
   
 2
(C) X   Au  CN 2  ; Y   Zn  CN 4  (D) (A) and (C)
   

2. Which of the following is incorrect?

(A) Flux is used to fuse non-fusible impurities present in ore.
(B) All ores are minerals
(C) Refractory materials are generally used in furnaces
because they are chemically inert.
(D) Main function of roasting is to remove volatile
impurities

3. Silica is added to roasted copper ore during extraction in

order to remove:
(A) Cuprous sulphide (B) ferrous oxide
(C) ferrous sulphide (D) cuprous oxide

1
4. In the manufacture of Mg by Carbon reduction of MgO, why
is the product cooled in the stream of an inert gas
(A) to enhance Mg formation
(B) Mg reacts with CO to form Mg  CO3 2
(C) to prevent reversible reaction
(D) None of these

5. Which method of purification is represented by the

following equations?
Ti  2I2 
773K
 TiI4 
1675K
 Ti  2I2

(A) Cupellation (B) Poling

(C) Van-Arkel (D) Zone refining

6. Ethyl Xanthate and potassium ethyl xanthate are used as:

(A) Depressants (B) Foaming agent
(C) Collectors (D) None of these

7. In Mond’s process nickel is purified by using:

(A) CO2 gas (B) CO gas
(C) SO2 gas (D) O3 gas

8. In the Mond’s process of refining of Nickel metal, impure

metal is heated with a stream of carbon monoxide which
forms a volatile
(A) Square planar tetracarbonylnickel(0)
2
 (B) Octahedral hexacarbonylnickel(0)
(C) Tetrahedral tetracarbonylnickel(0)
(D) Trigonaltricarbonylnickel(0)

9. Which of the following is wrong?

(A) The ore zinc blende is concentrated by froth floatation
process.
(B) Van Arkel method is used for refining Zirconium.
(C) Calamine is a carbonate ore.
(D) The alloy german silver contain 61% of silver

10. Electrostatic beneficiation can be employed for the

separation of
(A) Silicate and carbonate ore
(B) Sulphide and oxide ore
(C) Phosphate and carbonate ore
(D) Carbonate and sulphide ore

3
 Multiple Correct Type
11. The chief reaction(s) occurring in blast furnace during
extraction of iron from haematite is/are:
(A) Fe2O3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO2
(B) FeO + SiO2  FeSiO3
(C) Fe2O3 + C  2Fe + 3CO
(D) CaO + SiO2  CaSiO3

12. Which of the following will respond positively to the

chromyl chloride test?
(A) CuCl2 (B) ZnCl2
(C) HgCl2 (D) AgCl

13. K4[Fe(CN)6] is used for the detection of

(A) Fe2+ (B) Fe3+
(C) Cu2+ (D) Zn2+

14. Which of the following does not respond to chromyl chloride

test?
(A) NH4Cl (B) KCl
(C) HgCl2 (D) SnCl4

4
15. Which of the following oxides dissolve in sodium hydroxide
forming corresponding salts.
(A) Al O 2 3 (B) ZnO
(C) SnO 2 (D) PbO 2

16. In which of the following pairs, the minerals are converting

into metals by self-reduction?
(A) Ag 2S, ZnS (B) Cu 2S, HgS
(C) PbS, ZnS (D) Cu S, PbS
2

17. Which of the following is/are applicable for the basic furnace
lining in steel manufacture?
(A) Basic lining involve the presence of SiO2
(B) Basic lining involve the presence of CuO
(C) Basic lining involve the presence of MgO
(D) basic linings are used to remove the acidic impurities
like P4O10, SO2, etc

18. Roasting of copper pyrites is done

(A) to remove moisture.
(B) to oxidize free sulphur
(C) to decompose sulphides into oxides.
(D) to remove volatile organic impurities

5
19. Extraction of gold is done by the following process
Au + CN–  (X)
(X) + Zn  (Y) + Au
Incorrect (X) and (Y) are
(A) [Au(CN)2]–, [Zn(CN)4]2– (B) [Au(CN)2]–, [Zn(CN)6]4–
(C) [Au(CN)4]3–, [Zn(CN)2] (D) [Au(CN)4]–, [Zn(CN)4]–

20. Find out the incorrect statement.

(A) In the extraction metallurgy of copper silica removes
Fe2O3 present in the matte by forming FeSiO3
(B) Cast iron has lower carbon content than pig iron
(C) Out of carbon & carbon monoxide (CO), CO is a better
reducing agent than carbon for ZnO
(D) Cryolite is used in the extractive metallurgy of
aluminum only to lower the melting point of the mixture.

Integer Type
21. Out of given sulphide ppt of group II radicals (Hgs, Pbs,
Bi2S3, Cus, Cds). The sum total of all the black and yellow
ppt. will be?
22. Suppose you have given certain reagents like:
K Cr O / H ; H SO  Conc. ; H SO  dil. AgNO Solution
2 2 7

2 4 2 4 3

How many of them can be used to detect Cl– & NO radicals 

3

for given sample?

6
23. Green vitriol 
O
300 C
 anhydrous salt 
 L  M  N . If oxidation
high
temp

state of the central atom in L, M, N are X, Y, Z respectively

(X<Y<Z). The value of Y  Z  X is ___
24. Compounds viz.
Na SO , NaCl, Na C O , Na HPO , NaNO , Na CrO , CH COONa
2 3 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 3
1  2  3  4  5  6 7
when treated separately with AgNO
3
solution, how many of
them give a white precipitate?
25. A mixture contains AgCl, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2. On
adding excess of NH4OH how many of them will transfer
into filtrate?
26. The number of water molecules attached with microcosmic
salt is
27. How many of the following ores are carbonate type? Cuprite,
Malachite, Siderite, Bauxite, Zincite, Calamine, Limonite,
Azurite, Cerussite, Carnalite, Dolomite.
28. Sea water contains 1297.3g of Mg2+ per metric ton . How
much of slaked lime in kg. Must be added to 1.0 metric ton
of sea water to precipitate all of the Mg2+ ion.
29. Ag 2S  NaCN  Zn  Ag  ' W '

In ‘W’ the coordination number of Zn is –

30. Among the sulphide ores of Ag, Hg, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn, how
many of them can be extracted by self-reduction process.

7
 SOLUTIONS
Single Correct Type
1. (D)
The reaction mentioned in the question is nothing but
cyanide process which is used for the extraction of silver and
gold from their respective ores. The reaction for the
extraction is as follows:
Zn  2Na[Ag(CN)2 ] 
 Na2 [Zn(CN)4 ]  2Ag

Zn  2Na[Au(CN)2 ] 
 Na2 [Zn(CN)4 ]  2Au

2. (C)
For A), The flux combines with the gangue and forms a
easily fusible mass called slag. The slag can be very easily
removed from the contents. Gangue + flux = slag. Flux
functions on acidic or basic nature of gangue. There are
two types of flux, Acidic flux and Basic Flux. Acidic flux
is used to remove gangue having basic nature. Basic flux is
used to remove gangue having acidic nature.
For B), A mineral is the native form in which the metal
exists. An ore is a mineral from which the metal can be
extracted economically. For example, Clay is mineral of
Aluminium but Bauxite is an ore of Aluminium. Thereby
all ores are minerals but not all minerals are ores.
For C), A refractory material is one that retains its strength
at high temperatures. That is why furnaces are lined with
refractory bricks.

8
 For D), The process of heating an ore alone (or) mixed with
other substances in air below its melting point is known as
roasting. Roasting process removes volatile impurities from
the ore.

3. (B)
Copper sulfide and iron oxide can mix, but when sufficient
silica is added, a separate slag layer is formed. Adding
silica also reduces the melting point (or, more properly, the
liquidus temperature) of the slag, meaning that the smelting
process can be operated at a lower temperature. The slag
forming reaction is:
FeO  SiO2  FeO.SiO2

Slag is less dense than matte, so it forms a layer that floats

on top of the matte.

4. (C)
The reduction of MgO is a reversible process. In order to
prevent the reaction between Mg and CO, the temperature of
the products is reduced in a stream of an inert gas. Inert gas
does not permit the reaction of Mg with air.
MgO  C Mg  CO

9
5. (C)
Ultra-pure metals are being prepared by the Van Arkel
Method. Crude metal is heated with a suitable substance so
that the pure metal present in it may be converted into stable
volatile compound leaving behind impurities. The
compound so formed is then decomposed by heating to get
the pure metal. Van Arkel's method is used to purify crude
titanium metal. It is heated with iodine to about 773K to form
volatile compound. Til4 leaving behind the impurities .Til4 is
further heated to approximately 1700K when it decomposes
to give pure titanium.
Ti  2I2 
773K
 TiI4 
1675K
 Ti  2I2

6. (C)
In froth flotation process, the ground ore is mixed with water
to form a slurry and the desired mineral is rendered
hydrophobic by the addition of a surfactant or collector
chemical (although some mineral surfaces are naturally
hydrophobic, requiring little or no addition of collector). The
particular chemical depends on the nature of the mineral to
be recovered and, perhaps, the natures of those that are not
wanted. As an example, sodium ethyl xanthate may be added
as a collector in the selective flotation of galena (lead
sulfide) to separate it from sphalerite (zinc sulfide).

10
7. (B)
The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl
process, is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890 to
extract and purify nickel. This process converts nickel
oxides into pure nickel.
This process makes use of the fact that carbon
monoxide combines with nickel readily and reversibly to
give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl
compound under the mild conditions used in the process.
This process has three steps:
1. Nickel oxide reacts with Syngas at 200 °C to give
Nickel, together with impurities
including Iron and Cobalt.
NiO(s) + H2(g) → Ni(s) + H2O(g)
2. The impure Nickel reacts with Carbon monoxide at
50–60 °C to form the gaseous Nickel carbonyl, leaving
the impurities as solids.
Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) → Ni(CO)4(g)
3. The mixture containing Nickel carbonyl (and synthesis
gas) is heated to 220–250 °C, resulting in decomposition
back to Nickel and Carbon monoxide:
Ni(CO)4(g) → Ni(s) + 4 CO(g)

11
8. (C)
In Mond's process, Impure Nickel is heated with a stream of
Carbon Monoxide to form a volatile complex compound,
Nickel tetracarbonyl. The complex on heating at higher
temperature gives off pure Nickel.
o o

Ni + 4CO 
70 C  Ni(CO) 
4
180 C 
Ni + 4CO
[Ni(CO)4 ]

Ni 
[Ar]18 4s2 3d8

3d 4s 4p

Due to strongly interacting ligand, carbonyl (CO), electrons

of 4s pair up in 3d. Electronic configuration of Nickel in
Ni(CO) is
4

3d 4s 4p
3
sp

As hybridization of Ni in [Ni(CO)4 ] is sp3 , shape is Tetrahedral.

9. (D)
For (1), Concentration of suphide ores is done by froth
titration process.
For (2), Van Arkel Method is used for it used for the
purification of metals. Titanium and Zircanium can be
purified by this method.
For (3), Calamine is zinc ore (Zinc carbonate)
12
 For (4), German silver is a copper alloy with Nickel and
Zinc. It contains 60% copper, 20% Nickel and 20% Zinc.

10. (D)
Electrostatic beneficiation i.e. concentration method is used
to separate constituents of ore having different electrical
conductivities. This technique mainly separates conductors
and nonconductors. Metallic sulphide and oxide ores are
conductors while silicates, carbonates and phosphates are
nonconductors. So, a mixture having sulphide and
carbonate ore can be separated by this method.

Multiple Correct Type

11. (A, D)
In extraction of Fe, Fe2O3 is primary reduced by CO below
710°C and acidic impurity of SiO2 is removed in the form of
CaSiO3 (slag).

12. (C, D)
HgCl2 and AgCl are covalent in nature and insoluble in
H2O.

13. (B,C,D)
 Fe4  Fe  CN 6  Prussian blue
Fe3 
3

 Cu 2 Fe  CN 6  Reddish brown

Cu 2 

13
  Zn 2 Fe  CN 6  Bluish white
Zn 2 

14. (C, D)
Covalent chlorides do not respond to chromyl chloride test,
e.g., SnCl4, HgCl2

15. (A, B, C, D)
Al2O3  2NaOH 
 2NaAlO2  H2O

ZnO  2NaOH 
Na2ZnO2  H2O

SnO2  2NaOH 
Na3SnO3  H2O

PbO2  2NaOH 
Na2PbO3  H2O

16. (B, D)
Cu S  2Cu O  5Cu  SO
2 2 2

HgS  2HgO  3Hg  SO

2

PbS  2PbO  3Pb  SO

2

17. (B, C, D)

6CaO + P4O10 2Ca3(PO4)2;

MgO + SO2 MgSO3

14
18. (A, B, C, D)
The concentrated are (Copper Pyrite) is roasted in a furnace
in presence of air current. During this process, sulphur is
oxidized to SO2, volatile organic impurities are removed,
moisture is removed and sulphides decompose to give
oxides.
2CuFeS2  O2 
 Cu2S  2FeS  SO2

S  O2 
 SO2

19. (B, C, D)
Extraction of gold is done by the following process:
4Au + 8CN + 2H2O + O2  4[Au(CN)2] + 4OH
2[Au(CN)2]– + Zn 
 [Zn(CN)4]2– + 2Au

20. (A, B, D)
Carbon is a better reducing agent than CO for reduction of
zinc oxide.

15
 Integer Type
21. (4)

HgS
PbS Black
CuS

Bi2S3 Yellow Orange

CdS Yellow

22. (4)

+
KC
2 OO
2 7|H
–
Cl HS
2 O(c
4 onc)
HS
2 O(d
4 il)

HS
2 O(c
4 onc)
NO3

23. (7)
FeSO4 .7H 2O   2FeSO4   Fe2O3  SO2  SO3
O
300 C High
720 temp

24. (5)
Ag SO , AgCl, Ag C O , AgNO & CH COOAg
2 3 2 2 4 2 3
are white ppts, while
Ag PO
3 4
is yellow and Ag CrO
2 4
is red.

16
25. (3)
AgCl, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 will dissolve in excess of
NH4OH.

26. (4)
Na(NH4)HPO4 . 4H2O

27. (6)
Cuprite: Cu2O, Malachite: CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 , Siderite:
FeCO3, Bauxite: Al2O3.2H2O, Zincite: ZnO; Calamine:
ZnCO3, Limonite: 2Fe2O3.3H2O. Azurite:
2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2, Cerussite: PbCO3, Carnalite:
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O, Dolomite: CaCO3.MgCO3.

28. (4)

Mg2++Ca(OH)2 
 Mg(OH)2+Ca2+

24 g of Mg2+ is ppted ny 74g of Ca(OH)2

1297.3 g Mg2+ is ppted ny 74g = 74 1297.3

24

=4000g
= 4 kg

17
29. (4)
Because Ag 2S  NaCN  Zn  Ag  Na 2  Zn  CN 4 

Zn has 4 coordination number

30. (3)
Hg, Pb and Cu are extracted by self-reduction process.

18
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