RF & Microwave Amplifier Design

EERF 6355.001
Project 1
Part A

Group 2
Harsha Challa
Prateek Sharma
Harshita Choudary

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VCC = VDD1= VDD2 = 5V VDS1= 4V ; IPMIN= 1μA
RD2=68Ω VDS2= 1V; IPMAX= 80μA

REDUCED CIRCUIT FOR DC ANALYSIS

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DC ANALYSIS
(a) Find RD1 , When VDS2= 1V; IPMAX= 30μA; ID=20mA

VDS1=VD1=1V ; ID1=20mA

(b) Find VG1MIN and VG1MAX (for the above conditions)

Point 1 : VDS=0 Point 2: VDS =5V

ID=0

Using point 1 and point 2 to draw the load line.

Taking two points on the slope
Point A: Point B:
VDS1=1V , ID=20mA VDS1=4V ,
IPMAX=80μA IPMIN=1μA
Which gives VGS1=-0.46V Which gives VGS1= -0.9V
VGS1 = VGS1max VGS1=VGS1min

(c) Find RG1.

Consider the circuit with the currents as shown
IP= current through diode

3
 From part (b)
VG1max= -0.46 V
VDS1=1V
IPmax=80μA

From Fig 4 : IGA= -6 x 10-9A

VG1MIN=-0.9V
VDS1=4V
IPmin= 1μA

From Fig 4 : IGB = -8 x 10-7 A

(d) Find VGG1

VGG1 = VG1MAX –(IPMAX-IGA)*RG1
OR
VGG1=VG1MIN-(IPMIN-IGB)*RG1

Using either of the above equations

4
(e) For Q2 find ID2, When VDS = 3V

(f) For values in (e) find VGS2 (assume a value of Rg2 and state the reason for the selection)
Using fig.3, To find VGS2
From (e) VDS2=3V; IDS=29.411mA
VGS2= -0.24V

5
Rg2=
In AC analysis, and will be in parallel, leading to the condition >> (or >). Therefore, this value
of the is selected.

(g) Find VGG2 Use (f) and figure 4

from (f)
VGS2=-0.24V
VDS2=3V
Use fig 4: IG=-5X10-8A
VGG2-VGS=IG*RG2
VGG2=VGS+IGRG2
VGG2= -0.24+ (-5*10^-8)*2000
VGG2 = -0.2401V

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(h) Find CD, When VG1=-0.5V
Using fig 5
VF=VG1-VCC
VF=-0.5-5=-5.5V
CD=0.82pF

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AC ANALYSIS
(i)

(j) Find YinII

YinII = I’2/V2 (j1)

I’2 = Y11TII *V2 + Y12TII * V0 (j2)
Substituting (j2) in (j1)
YinII = Y11TII + Y12TII (V0/V2), (j3)
V0 = I0 * R0 = - I’0* R0 (j4)
I’0 = Y21TI * V2 + Y22TII * V0 (j5)
Substituting (j5) in (j4)
V0 = -Y21TII * V2*R0 - Y22TII*V0* R0
V0/V2 = (- Y21TII * R0)/(1+(Y22TII*R0)) (j6)
Substituting (j6) in (j3)
YinII = Y11TII - (Y12TII * Y21TI * R0)/(1 + Y22TII*R0)
YinII = Y11TII -(Y12TII*Y21TI)/((1/R0)+ Y22TII)

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(k) Find YinI

YinI = I1/ V1 (k1)

I1 = Y11TI * V1 + Y12TI * V2 (k2)
Substituting (k2) in (k1)
YinI = Y11TI + Y12TI *(V2/V1) (k3)
I’2 = -I2 = V2* YinII (k4)
I2 = V2 * Y22TI + Y21TI * V1 (k5)
Substituting (k5) in (k4)
V2* YinII = -V2 *Y22TI-Y21TI*V1
V2(YinI+Y22TI) = -Y21TI * V1
V2/V1 = Y21TI/(YinI+Y22TI) (k6)
Substituting (k6) in (k3)
YinI = Y11TI - Y12TI * Y21TI/(YinI+Y22TI)

(l) Find YoutI

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YoutI = I2/V2 (l1)
I2 = V2* Y22TI + Y21TI * V1 (l2)
Substituting (l2) in (l1)
YoutI = Y22TI + Y21TI * V1/V2 (l3)
Applying KCL at node ‘A’
V1 * Y11TI + Y12TI * V2 = 0
V1/V2 = - Y12TI/Y11TI (l4)
Substituting (l4) in (l3)
YoutI = Y22TI – (Y21TI * Y12TI/Y11TI )

(m) Find YoutII

YoutII = I’0/V 0 (m1)

I’0 = V0 * Y22TII +Y21TII * V2 (m2)
Substituting (m2) in (m1)

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 YoutII = Y22TII + Y21TII *(V2/V0) (m3)
I’2 = V2 * Y11TI + Y12TII * V0 (m4)
I’2 = -I2 = -V2* YoutI (m5)
Substituting (m5) in (m4)
-V2* YoutI = V2*Y11TI + Y12TII * V0
-Y12TI * V0 = (Y11TI + YoutI)* V2
V2/V0 = -Y12TI/(Y11TI + YoutI) (m6)
Substituting (m6) in (m3)
YoutII = Y22TII - (Y21TII*Y12TII)/(Y11TI+ YoutI)

(n) Find GvI

GvI = V2/V1
Applying KCL at point A
Y21TI * V1 + Y22TI *V2 + YinII* V2 = 0
-Y21TI * V1 = Y22TI *V2 + YinII * V2
V2/V1 = GvI = -Y21TI/(Y22TI+ YinII)

(o) Find GvII

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Applying KCL at B
Y21TII * V2 + Y22TII * V0 + V0/R0 = 0
-Y21TII * V2 = Y22TII* V0 + V0/R0
V0/V2 = (- Y21TII)/(Y22TII + (1/R0)) = GvII

(p) Find Gv

Gv = V0 / V1 = V0 / V2 * V2 /V1 = GvI * GvII

Gv = [- Y21TI / (Y22TI+ YinII)] * [-Y21TII /(Y22T II+ (1/R0) )]
Gv = Y21TI * Y21TII /(Y22TI + Y inII) * (Y22TII + (1/R0))

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(q) Plot vs. frequency

(r) Plot vs. frequency for

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(s) Table of and (given )
Frequency (GHz)
0.1 52.3254 -0.8305
0.2 51.8637 -1.3579
0.3 51.6635 -3.3707
0.4 51.5017 -4.1596
0.5 50.4488 -6.4505
0.6 50.7175 -6.8163
0.7 48.2887 -8.3032
0.8 48.5798 -10.2855
0.9 46.8666 -9.3648
1.0 45.9124 -11.6889
1.1 45.9470 -10.8647
1.2 44.9458 -12.1016
1.3 45.1058 -11.5481

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 1.4 43.0815 -11.9410
1.5 43.2617 -13.1309
1.6 43.9347 -12.9964
1.7 42.0306 -13.0470
1.8 42.8548 -13.6283
1.9 41.2297 -12.6092
2.0 41.6011 -14.2348

This table shows that the circuit displays a good matching at the output for the frequency range
0.1-0.7GHz. The matching starts decreases as frequencies go further from that range.

Table of and (given )

Frequency (GHz)
0.1 52.3242 -0.8621
0.2 51.8504 -1.4432
0.3 51.5832 -3.4999
0.4 51.3307 -4.3010
0.5 50.2049 -6.5076
0.6 50.4366 -6.8368
0.7 48.0421 -8.2148
0.8 48.3773 -10.1001
0.9 46.7082 -9.1843
1.0 45.8335 -11.4682
1.1 45.9027 -10.6660
1.2 44.9335 -11.9287
1.3 45.1124 -11.3744
1.4 43.1108 -11.7951
1.5 43.3162 -13.0131
1.6 43.9807 -12.8836
1.7 42.0781 -12.9480
1.8 42.9114 -13.5411
1.9 41.2836 -12.5409
2.0 41.6546 -14.1773

This table shows that the circuit displays good matching at the output for almost the complete
frequency range.

(t) Bandwidths

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Matlab Code

%Intializing and defining the Zt array%

Zt=zeros(1,20);
%Defining and initializing the yII_out array%
yout2=zeros(1,20);

% Defining known parameters%

Rf1=1000;
Rg1=5600;
Rd1=200;
Rf2=20000;
Rg2=47000;
Rd2=68;
Ro=50;
C=0.05*10^-12;
Cd=0.9*10^-12;

%Frequency definition%
f=0.1;
while f < 2.1
freq=f*10^9;
%S-parameters from the datasheet%
if f==0.1
r11=0.999;t11=-2;r21=3.948;t21=178;r12=0.002;t12=83;r22=0.704;t22=0;
d11=0.999;a11=-3;d21=5.43;a21=177;d12=0.001;a12=58;d22=0.645;a22=-1;
elseif f==0.2
r11=1.004;t11=-5;r21=3.895;t21=175;r12=0.002;t12=108;r22=0.689;t22=-1;
d11=1.001;a11=-6;d21=5.336;a21=175;d12=0.002;a12=121;d22=0.631;a22=-1;
elseif f==0.3
r11=0.996;t11=-8;r21=3.872;t21=172;r12=0.001;t12=126;r22=0.69;t22=-4;
d11=1;a11=-8;d21=5.319;a21=171;d12=0.002;a12=141;d22=0.63;a22=-4;
elseif f==0.4
r11=1.001;t11=-11;r21=3.962;t21=171;r12=0.001;t12=160;r22=0.689;t22=-4;
d11=0.999;a11=-13;d21=5.425;a21=170;d12=0.001;a12=128;d22=0.629;a22=-4;
elseif f==0.5
r11=0.977;t11=-13;r21=3.922;t21=166;r12=0.001;t12=35;r22=0.686;t22=-8;
d11=0.973;a11=-15;d21=5.348;a21=165;d12=0;a12=39;d22=0.624;a22=-8;
elseif f==0.6
r11=0.998;t11=-15;r21=3.895;t21=167;r12=0.002;t12=62;r22=0.695;t22=-7;
d11=0.996;a11=-16;d21=5.307;a21=166;d12=0.002;a12=67;d22=0.636;a22=-7;
elseif f==0.7
r11=0.983;t11=-18;r21=3.965;t21=164;r12=0.002;t12=90;r22=0.665;t22=-11;

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 d11=0.979;a11=-20;d21=5.393;a21=163;d12=0.001;a12=102;d22=0.603;a22=-11;
elseif f==0.8
r11=0.982;t11=-21;r21=3.92;t21=162;r12=0.002;t12=71;r22=0.713;t22=-14;
d11=0.974;a11=-23;d21=5.356;a21=160;d12=0.002;a12=70;d22=0.65;a22=-14;
elseif f==0.9
r11=0.974;t11=-23;r21=3.898;t21=159;r12=0.003;t12=67;r22=0.664;t22=-13;
d11=0.968;a11=-25;d21=5.297;a21=157;d12=0.003;a12=68;d22=0.605;a22=-13;
elseif f==1.0
r11=0.980;t11=-24;r21=3.899;t21=156;r12=0.003;t12=75;r22=0.692;t22=-18;
d11=0.978;a11=-27;d21=5.287;a21=154;d12=0.002;a12=76;d22=0.63;a22=-19;
elseif f==1.1
r11=0.976;t11=-27;r21=3.771;t21=155;r12=0.002;t12=78;r22=0.689;t22=-17;
d11=0.967;a11=-31;d21=5.127;a21=152;d12=0.002;a12=75;d22=0.629;a22=-17;
elseif f==1.2
r11=0.952;t11=-30;r21=3.77;t21=153;r12=0.004;t12=52;r22=0.69;t22=-21;
d11=0.938;a11=-34;d21=5.1;a21=151;d12=0.003;a12=44;d22=0.629;a22=-21;
elseif f==1.3
r11=0.961;t11=-32;r21=3.767;t21=151;r12=0.006;t12=60;r22=0.702;t22=-19;
d11=0.947;a11=-36;d21=5.097;a21=148;d12=0.002;a12=52;d22=0.637;a22=-19;
elseif f==1.4
r11=0.949;t11=-34;r21=3.83;t21=147;r12=0.005;t12=59;r22=0.663;t22=-24;
d11=0.94;a11=-38;d21=5.178;a21=145;d12=0.003;a12=60;d22=0.601;a22=-23;
elseif f==1.5
r11=0.959;t11=-38;r21=3.731;t21=144;r12=0.006;t12=49;r22=0.697;t22=-26;
d11=0.939;a11=-42;d21=5.029;a21=141;d12=0.005;a12=48;d22=0.637;a22=-26;
elseif f==1.6
r11=0.949;t11=-41;r21=3.648;t21=145;r12=0.009;t12=70;r22=0.713;t22=-24;
d11=0.927;a11=-45;d21=4.919;a21=142;d12=0.006;a12=75;d22=0.651;a22=-24;
elseif f==1.7
r11=0.939;t11=-42;r21=3.71;t21=143;r12=0.008;t12=58;r22=0.673;t22=-27;
d11=0.92;a11=-47;d21=4.977;a21=140;d12=0.004;a12=57;d22=0.611;a22=-27;
elseif f==1.8
r11=0.943;t11=-45;r21=3.668;t21=141;r12=0.008;t12=59;r22=0.711;t22=-28;
d11=0.923;a11=-50;d21=4.92;a21=138;d12=0.005;a12=59;d22=0.649;a22=-27;
elseif f==1.9
r11=0.931;t11=-49;r21=3.638;t21=135;r12=0.014;t12=68;r22=0.651;t22=-29;
d11=0.908;a11=-54;d21=4.847;a21=132;d12=0.007;a12=77;d22=0.595;a22=-28;
elseif f==2
r11=0.929;t11=-51;r21=3.524;t21=136;r12=0.01;t12=59;r22=0.699;t22=-32;
d11=0.909;a11=-57;d21=4.692;a21=132;d12=0.007;a12=56;d22=0.637;a22=-31;
end

%Calculations%
w=2*pi*freq;
Cap=w*C;
Yf1=(1/Rf1)+i*Cap;

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 Yg1=(1/Rg1)+i*Cap;
Yd1=(1/Rd1)+i*Cap;
Yf2=(1/Rf2)+i*Cap;
Yg2=(1/Rg2)+i*Cap;
Yd2=(1/Rd2)+i*Cap;
Ys=Yg1+w*Cd*i;
yI11f=Yf1;
yI12f=-Yf1;
yI21f=-Yf1;
yI22f=Yf1;
yII11f=Yf2;
yII12f=-Yf2;
yII21f=-Yf2;
yII22f=Yf2;

%Transistor Q1 s-parameters%
s11= r11*exp(j*t11/180*pi);
s21= r21*exp(j*t21/180*pi);
s12= r12*exp(j*t12/180*pi);
s22= r22*exp(j*t22/180*pi);
sP=[s11 s12;s21 s22];
yPI=s2y(sP,50);

%Transistor Q2 s-parameters%
s_11= d11*exp(j*a11/180*pi);
s_21= d21*exp(j*a21/180*pi);
s_12= d12*exp(j*a12/180*pi);
s_22= d22*exp(j*a22/180*pi);
s_P=[s_11 s12q;s_21 s_22];
yPII=s2y(s_P,50);

% The final y-parameters - First stage

yI_11T=Ys+yI11f+yPI(1,1);
yI_12T=yI12f+yPI(1,2);
yI_21T=yI21f+yPI(2,1);
yI_22T=yI22f+Yd1+yPI(2,2);

%The final y-parameters - Second stage

yII_11T=Yg2+yII11f+yPII(1,1);
yII_12T=yII12f+yPII(1,2);
yII_21T=yII21f+yPII(2,1);
yII_22T=yII22f+Yd2+yPII(2,2);

%Calculate yI_in, yII_in, yI_out and yII_out

yII_in = yII_11T - ((yII_21T*yII_12T)/(yII_22T + (1/Ro)));
yI_in = yI_11T - ((yI_21T*yI_12T)/(yI_22T + yII_in));

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 yI_out = yI_22T - ((yI_21T*yI_12T)/yI_11T);
yII_out = yII_22T - ((yII_21T*yII_12T)/(yII_11T + yI_out));

%Z_T
ZT = (yI_21T*yII_21T)/((yI_22T+yII_in)*(yII_22T+(1/Ro))*yI_in);
aZ=abs(ZT);
in_dB = 20*log10(aZ);
index=int32(f*10);

%Copying the frequencies to the intially defined Z_T and yII_out to corresponding arrays
Zt(index)=in_dB;
yout2(index)=yII_out;
f=roundn(f+0.1,-1);
end

% Graphs
X1=[0.1:0.1:2];
X2=[0:0.001:2];
dB_3=max(Zt)-3; %3dB down
upLim=dB_3+5;
Y2=zeros(size(X2));
Y2=Y2+dB_3;
plot(X1,Zt,'linewidth',2, 'color', 'r');
hold on;
line([0.6 0.6],[40 65],'color','k'); %Rf=1000
%line([0.51 0.51],[40 65],'color','k'); %Rf=1200
%line([0.8 0.8],[40 65],'color','k'); %800MHz
%line([1 1],[40 65],'color','k'); %1GHz
plot(X2,Y2,'color','k');
title('20log(|Z_T|/1\Omega) vs. Frequency(0.1-2GHz)');
xlabel('Frequency in GHz');
ylabel('20log(|Z_T|/1\Omega)');
hold off;

%ZII_out values (real and imaginary values)

zII_out = 1./(yout2);
reZ=real(zII_out)
imZ=imag(zII_out)
zII_out
yout2

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