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Business Logistics/Supply Chain-A Vital Subject
Business Logistics/Supply Chain-A Vital Subject
Chapter 1
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-1
The Immediate Supply Chain for an Individual Firm
Transportation Transportation
Warehousing Customers
Information
flows
Factory
Transportation
Vendors/plants/ports
Warehousing Transportation
1-3
What is a Supply Chain?
■ Customer is an integral part of the supply chain
■ Includes movement of products from suppliers to
manufacturers to distributors, but also includes
movement of information, funds, and products in both
directions
■ Probably more accurate to use the term “supply
network” or “supply web”
■ Typical supply chain stages: customers, retailers,
distributors, manufacturers, suppliers
■ All stages may not be present in all supply chains
(e.g., no retailer or distributor for Dell)
1-4
Logistics Defined
Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and
controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage
of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods
and related information from the point of origin to point
of consumption for the purpose of conforming to
customer requirements.
Council of Logistics Management
SUPPLY
CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
Demand forecasting
Purchasing
Requirements planning
Purchasing/
Production planning Materials
Management
Manufacturing inventory
Warehousing
Logistics
Material handling
Packaging
Order processing
Transportation
Customer service
Strategic planning
Information services
Marketing/sales
Finance
1-8
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
Supply Chain Schematic
Transportation
Customers
Inventory
or supply source
7 orders
%
88 Product
6 Availability--% line
86 items
5 84
4 82
19 2
19 4
19 6
98
00
02
9
9
9
19
20
20
Logistics Increase
Logistics
Overhead Tariffs
Overhead
Materials
Materials
Labor Reduction
Labor
1-16
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
Flows in a Supply Chain
Information
Product
Customer
Funds
1-17
Process View of a Supply Chain
■ Cycle view: processes in a supply chain are
divided into a series of cycles, each
performed at the interfaces between two
successive supply chain stages
■ Push/pull view: processes in a supply chain
are divided into two categories depending on
whether they are executed in response to a
customer order (pull) or in anticipation of a
customer order (push)
1-18
Cycle View of Supply Chains
Customer
Customer Order Cycle
Retailer
Replenishment Cycle
Distributor
Manufacturing Cycle
Manufacturer
Procurement Cycle
Supplier
1-19
Push/Pull View of Supply Chains
Procurement, Customer Order
Manufacturing and Cycle
Replenishment cycles
Customer
Order Arrives
1-20
Scope of the Supply Chain for Most Firms
Business logistics
Sources of Plants/
Customers
supply operations
• Transportation • Transportation
• Inventory maintenance • Inventory maintenance
• Order processing • Order processing
• Acquisition • Product scheduling
• Protective packaging • Protective packaging
• Warehousing • Warehousing
• Materials handling • Materials handling
• Information maintenance • Information maintenance
• Secondary, or supporting
- Warehousing
- Materials handling
- Acquisition (purchasing)
- Protective packaging
- Product scheduling
- Order processing
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-22
The Supply Chain is Multi-Enterprise
Scope in
reality
Focus
Company
This image cannot
Suppliers
currently be displayed.
Customers
Supplier’s Customers/
suppliers End users
Promotion
Price
Place-Customer
service levels
Transport
Logistics
Inventory
carrying costs costs
Production-
logistics Marketing-
interface logistics
interface
CONTROLLING
• Purchasing and supply
ORGANIZING
• Transport decisions
scheduling decisions Customer
PLANNING
• Storage fundamentals service goals
• Storage decisions • The product
• Logistics service
• Ord. proc. & info. sys.
Location Strategy
• Location decisions
• The network planning process
The focus is
here
CR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.
1-29
The Logistics Strategy Triangle
Inventory Strategy
• Forecasting
• Storage fundamentals Transport Strategy
• Inventory decisions • Transport fundamentals
• Purchasing and supply • Transport decisions
scheduling decisions Customer
• Storage decisions
service goals
• The product
• Logistics service
• Information sys.
Location Strategy
• Location decisions
• The network planning process