Lecture #1

Topic
Introduction to statistics
Introduction;
The word statistics which comes from Latin word status, meaning a political state
originally meant information useful to the state
Definition;
Statistics is the science of collecting organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting
data to assist in making more effective decision is called statistics.
Statistic;
A statistic is a value computed from a sample is called statistic.
Population;
A population is the set of all units of interest in a particular study is called population.
Sample;
A sample is a subset of data selected from the population is called Sample.
Constant:
A quantity which is fixed is called constant.
Quantitative data;
Quantitative data are observation measured on a numerical scale is called quantitative
data;
Qualitative data;
Qualitative data are observation measured on a numerical scale is called qualitative data;
Branches of statistics
There are two types of statistics. These are given below
⦁ Descriptive statistics

⦁ Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics;
Descriptive statistics consist of methods for organizing and summarizing information in a

1
clear and effective ay.
Inferential statistics;
The branch of statistics concerned with using sample data to make an inference about a
population is called inferential statistics.
Application of statistics
⦁ Statistics provides simple yet instant information on the matter it centers on.

⦁ Statistical methods are useful tools in aiding researches and studies in different
fields such as economics, social sciences, business, medicine and many others.
⦁ Provides a vivid presentation of collected and organized data through the use of
figures, charts, diagrams and graphs.
⦁ Helps provide more critical analyses of information.