DATA MANAGEMENT

SPSS SOFTWARE

DR. WAN HAFIZAH BINTI W. JUSOF

27 MAY 2019
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT
• Referred to as one-sample chi-square
• Often used to compare the proportions of cases from a sample
with hypothesized values or those obtained previously from a
comparison population
• We only need a categorical variable (observed proportion) and a
proportion value from another set of data (expected proportion)

Example of research question:

• to investigate whether the number of smokers in this data is
equivalent to that reported in the literature from a nationwide
study that claims that 20% of the populations are smokers
What you need:
• One categorical variable, with two or more categories (eg: yes/no)
• A hypothesized proportion (20% smokers, 80% non smokers)
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT
SPSS Analysis: Chi-square test
1. Click Analyze
2. Click Non-parametric tests
3. Click Chi square
4. Click on the categorical variable (smoker) and move into the Test
Variable List box
5. In the Expected values section, click on the Values option. In the
values box, you need to type in 2 values (the expected values)
• Type in 0.2 (corresponds to the first coded variable, 1=smoker)
 Click on Add
• Type in 0.8 (corresponds to the 2nd coded variable, 2= non
smoker)  Click on Add
6. Click on Continue and then OK
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT
Smoker

Observed N Expected N Residual

YES 85 87.2 -2.2

NO 351 348.8 2.2
Total 436

• The expected values were 20% smokers and 80% non smokers
• The observed values were actually 19.5% smokers and 80.5% non
smokers
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR GOODNESS OF FIT
Test Statistics
Smoker
Chi-square 0.069
df 1
Asymp. Sig. .792

• The Test Statistics table reports the results of the Chi-square test which
compares the expected and observed values to see if there is a
statistically significant difference between the expected and observed
• In this case, the p-value = 0.792 (>0.05)
• Reporting the results:
• There was no significant difference in the proportion of smokers
identified in the current sample (19.5%) as compared with the value
of 20% that was obtained in a previous nationwide study
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
• Used when you want to explore the relationship between two
categorical variables

Example of research question:

• Is there an association between gender and smoking behaviour?

What you need:

• One categorical independent variable, with two categories
(eg:male/female)
• One categorical dependent variable, with two categories (eg:
smoker, yes/no)

• Independent is usually as rows and dependent as columns in contingency tables

 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
If we wish to test difference of proportions, we could use chi-square
test. Using the Data 2.1, we could test differences of proportion of high
blood pressure between different BMI status

DATA 2.1
A study among 150 adults to measure the prevalence of
high blood pressure and to describe any factors that may
be associated with it. The variables include age (in years),
gender, average income per month (RM), smoking status,
bodymass index (BMI) (kg/m2), fasting blood glucose
(mmol/L) and fasting total cholesterol (mmol/L).
 NONPARAMETRIC TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
SPSS Analysis: Chi-square test
1. Click Analyze
2. Click Descriptive Statistics
3. Click Crosstabs
4. Move BMI Status to Rows(s)
5. Move Blood pressure to Column(s)
6. Click Statistics. Check Chi-square. Then click Continue
7. Click Cells. Check Row. Then click Continue
8. Click OK
 ANALYTICAL STATISTICS
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
 ANALYTICAL STATISTICS
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
 ANALYTICAL STATISTICS
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
 ANALYTICAL STATISTICS
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
 ANALYTICAL STATISTICS
CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
• The proportion of obese group who had high blood pressure was
significantly higher (76.5 %) compared to both Normal (41.2%)
and Overweight groups (42.5%)
• There is a significant association between blood pressure and BMI
status
 ASSIGNMENT

• Is there an association between gender of patient and heart

disease status?

• Is there an association between smoking status and heart

disease?

@ Actuar PowerPoint Presentation 14