RESISTIVITY - INDUCTION

Dual Induction Log - Laterolog 3

Chart: DIL-1 (Dual Induction-Laterolog 3 Borehole Correction: Laterolog)

Applications: Correction of Laterolog 3 resistivity for borehole effects

Nomenclature: RLL3 . .. . . . . Laterolog 3 resistivity

RLL3cor . . . . . Laterolog 3 resistivity corrected for borehole effects
Rm . . .. . . . . mud resistivity at formation temperature
dh . . .. . . . . borehole diameter

Given: RLL3 = 31 ohm•m

Rm = 0.91 ohm•m
dh = 11 in
Standoff = 0.0 in

Find: RLL3cor
RLL3
Procedure: Since the standoff is 0.0 in, use the center chart.To determine the point on the axis at which to
Rm
enter the chart, calculate

RLL3
= 31 ohm m = 34.07
•
Rm 0.91 ohm•m
Project vertically into the chart and use the dh = 10 in and dh = 12 in curves (use the solid curves since
the standoff is 1.5 in) to estimate where the projection would intersect a dh = 11 in curve. From that
R R
intersection point, project horizontally to the LL3cor axis, there estimating LL3cor to be 1.23. Calculate
RLL3 RLL3

 RLL3cor 
RLL3cor =   • RLL3 = 1.23 • 31 ohm•m = 38.13 ohm•m
 RLL3 

Answer: RLL3cor = 38.13 ohm•m

Chart: DIL-2 (Dual Induction-Laterolog 3 Borehole Corrections: Deep and Medium)

Applications: Correction of Dual Induction deep and medium resistivities for borehole effects

Nomenclature: RILD . . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity

RILDcor . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity corrected for borehole effects
Rm . . . . . . . . mud resistivity at formation temperature
Gh-ILD . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity borehole geometrical factor
σh-ILD . . . . . . Dual Induction deep conductivity borehole signal
dh . . . . . . . . borehole diameter

Given: RILD = 13 ohm•m

Rm = 0.25 ohm•m
dh = 14 in
Standoff = 1.5 in

Find: RILDcor

Procedure: Enter the chart at 14.0-in on the Borehole Diameter axis. Project vertically to the 1.5-in Deep Induction
Standoff curve (solid curve), then horizontally to the right edge of the grid. (By projecting left to the
Borehole Geometrical Factor axis, you can estimate Gh-ILD to be 0.00165.) From the point just
determined on the right-hand side of the grid, project through the 0.25 ohm•m point on the Rm line to the
Borehole Signal axis, there estimating σh-ILD to be 6.8 mmho/m.

Use

1000 (1 - Gh–ILD)
RILDcor =
1000 
 RILD  – σh–ILD
 
to calculate RILDcor .

1000 (1 - .00165)
RILDcor = = 14.24 ohm•m
 1000 
 13 ohm•m - 6.8 mmho/m
 

Answer: RILDcor = 14.24 ohm•m

Notes: After determining Gh-ILD from the chart, you can calculate RILDcor directly from the following equation:

Rm • RILD (1 - Gh-ILD)
RILDcor =
Rm - RILD • Gh-ILD

With this equation, it is not necessary to determine σh-ILD from the chart.

You can correct the Dual Induction medium resistivity with procedures and equations analogous to
those used above for the deep resistivity. Use the dashed standoff curves.
σ
Chart: DILTA-2 (Dual Induction-Short Guard Borehole Corrections: Deep and Medium)

Applications: Correction of Dual Induction deep and medium resistivities for borehole effects

Nomenclature: RILD . . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity

RILDcor . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity corrected for borehole effects
Rm . . . . . . . . mud resistivity at formation temperature
Gh-ILD . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity borehole geometrical factor
σh-ILD . . . . . . Dual Induction deep conductivity borehole signal
dh . . . . . . . . . borehole diameter

Given: RILD = 13 ohm•m

Rm = 0.25 ohm•m
dh = 14 in
Standoff = 1.5 in

Find: RILDcor

Procedure: Enter the chart at 14.0-in on the Borehole Diameter axis. Project vertically to the 1.5-in Deep Induction
Standoff curve (solid curve), then horizontally to the right edge of the grid. (By projecting left to the
Borehole Geometrical Factor axis, you can estimate Gh-ILD to be 0.00215.) From the point just
determined on the right-hand side of the grid, project through the 0.25 point on the Rm line to the
Borehole Signal axis, there estimating σh-ILD to be 8.5 mmho/m.

Use

1000 (1 - Gh–ILD)
RILDcor =
1000 
 RILD  – σh–ILD
 

to calculate RILDcor.

1000 (1 - .00215)
RILDcor = = 14.59 ohm•m
 1000 
 13 ohm•m - 8.5 mmho/m
 
Answer: RILDcor = 14.59 ohm•m

Notes: After determining Gh-ILD from the chart, you can calculate RILDcor directly from the following equation:

Rm • RILD (1 - Gh-ILD)
RILDcor =
Rm - RILD • Gh-ILD

With this equation, it is not necessary to determine σh-ILD from the chart.

You can correct the Dual Induction medium resistivity with procedures and equations analogous to those
used above for the deep resistivity. Use the dashed standoff curves.
Chart: DIL-4b (Dual Induction-Laterolog 3 Invasion Corrections: Rxo /Rm = 100)

Applications: Determination of true formation resistivity, flushed zone resistivity, and diameter of invasion

Nomenclature: RILD . . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity

RILM . . . . . . . Dual Induction medium resistivity
RLL3 . . . . . . . Laterolog 3 resistivity
Rt . . . . . . . . . true formation resistivity
Rxo . . . . . . . . flushed zone resistivity
Rm . . . . . . . . mud resistivity at formation temperature
di . . . . . . . . . diameter of invasion

Given: RILD = 16 ohm•m (corrected for borehole effects and bed thickness)
RILM = 24 ohm•m (corrected for borehole effects and bed thickness)
RLL3 = 90 ohm•m (corrected for borehole effects)
Rxo = 140 ohm•m
Rm = 1.5 ohm•m

Find: Rt, Rxo, and di

Procedure: To determine the appropriateness of using this chart, use an Rxo device to obtain the Rxo value needed
R
in calculating xo :
Rm

Rxo 140 ohm•m

= = 93.33 ≈ 100
Rm 1.5 ohm•m

For use in the chart, calculate

RILM 24 ohm•m
= = 1.5
RILD 16 ohm•m

RLL3
= 90 ohm m = 5.625
•
RILD 16 ohm•m
RILM R
Starting at 1.5 on the axis, project vertically into the chart. Starting at 5.625 on the ILM axis, project
RILD RILD
horizontally into the chart. Note the point of intersection of the two projections.
Rt R
Use the intersection point to interpolate between the = 0.8 and t = 0.9 curves (solid red,
RILD RILD
Rt
vertically oriented curves) and estimate to be 0.875. Calculate
RILD

 Rt 
Rt =   • RILD = 0.875 • 16 ohm•m = 14 ohm•m
 RILD 
Rxo
The intersection point lies on the = 10 curve. Calculate
Rt
 Rxo 
Rxo =   • Rt = 10 • 14 ohm•m = 140 ohm•m
 Rt 
Use the intersection point once more, this time to interpolate between the di = 50 in and di = 60 in curves
(dashed, vertically oriented curves), and estimate ddi to be 53 in.

Answer: Rt = 14 ohm•m, Rxo = 140 ohm•m, and di = 53 in.

Chart: DIL-5b (Dual Induction-Rxo Invasion Corrections: Rxo = 100)

Applications: Determination of true formation resistivity and diameter of invasion

Nomenclature: RILD . . . . . . . Dual Induction deep resistivity

RILM . . . . . . . Dual Induction medium resistivity
RMSFL . . . . . . Micro Spherically Focused Log resistivity
Rt . . . . . . . . true formation resistivity
Rxo . . . . . . . . flushed zone resistivity
Rm . . . . . . . . mud resistivity at formation temperature
di . . . . . . . . . diameter of invasion

Given: RILD = 40 ohm•m (corrected for borehole effects and bed thickness)
RILM = 57 ohm•m (corrected for borehole effects and bed thickness)
RMSFL = 130 ohm•m (corrected for mudcake effects)
Rm = 3 ohm•m

Find: Rt and di

Procedure: To determine the appropriateness of using this chart, use the mudcake-corrected RMSFL for Rxo. Since
Rxo ≈ RMSFL 130 ohm•m ≈ 100 ohm•m , it is permissible to use this chart.

For use in the chart, calculate the following, again using RMSFL as a first approximation to Rxo:

RILM
= 57 ohm m = 1.425
•
RILD 40 ohm•m

Rxo RMSFL = 130 ohm•m

≈ = 3.25
RILD RILD 40 ohm•m

RILM R
Starting at 1.425 on the axis, project vertically into the chart. Starting at 3.25 on the xo axis,
RILD RILD
project horizontally into the chart. Note the point of intersection of the two projections. Use the inter-
Rt R
section point to interpolate between the = 0.8 and t = 0.9 curves (solid red, vertically oriented
RILD RILD
Rt
curves) and estimate to be 0.875. Calculate
RILD

 Rt 
Rt =   • RILD = 0.875 • 40 ohm•m = 35.0 ohm•m
 RILD 

Use the intersection point again to estimate di to be 60 in (dashed, vertically oriented curves).

Answer: Rt = 36.6 ohm•m and di = 60 in.

Notes: This special Dual Induction—Rxo invasion correction chart should be used to interpret logs produced
from a DIL tool run in combination with a pad-type Rxo device. Since no assumption is made about the
specific type of Rxo tool, the chart can be used for any DIL—Rxo combination. If an Micro Spherically
Focused device is run, its readings should be corrected for mudcake effects before being used in this
chart.