Signal Processing

Output/Display

Physiological Signal Sensor/Transducer

Being Measured

Body part of patient: Human body acts as the source for measurand, and it generates
bio-signals. The measurand, or measured quantity, is the physical quantity subject to
measurement. The term is used for a measured quantity in the general sense as well as
a particular quantity. A measurand in the general sense refers to a physical quantity that
was or will be subject to measurement. Example: body surface or blood pressure in the
heart
EMG electrode: Electrode, electric conductor, usually metal, used as either of the two
terminals of an electrically conducting medium; it conducts current into and out of the
medium, which may be an electrolytic solution as in a storage battery, or a solid, gas, or
vacuum. The electrode from which electrons emerge is called the cathode and is
designated as negative; the electrode that receives electrons is called the anode and is
designated as positive. In an electron tube, the anode is called the plate, and
conducting elements that regulate the electron flow inside the tube are also called
electrodes. The electrode used for EMG recording can be of surface type or needle type
depending on the area from which the EMG is to be obtained and the type of
measurement. If we need to have EMGs from many individual muscle cells rather than
from the surface as a group, needle electrodes are the best choice. But if the general
activity of a muscle is to be analyzed the surface electrodes can give the accurate
values. It is used to interface the signal with the human.
https://www.electrical4u.com/introduction-to-biomedical-instrumentation/

https://www.electronicsandcommunications.com/2018/04/emg-block-diagram-explanation.html