Solar Radiation & Transparent Material

FloTHERM

勢流科技股份有限公司
CAE事業部CFD部門
CAE資深工程師
Alex Hung
 Outline
• Solar Radiation & Transparent Material in FloTHERM

• How to set “Solar Radiation & Transparent Material in

FloTHERM
FloTHERM”

• Simple Example

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 Solar Radiation & Transparent Material in
FloTHERM

Limitation in FloTHERM:

• Transparent material considers the solar radiation but not

the wall radiation effect.

• Solar radiation is affected by passing through transparent

materials resistances and perforated plates
materials, plates.

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 Solar Radiation in FloTHERM
• Mode > Modeling > solar radiation

Do not care Radiation On or Off

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 Solar Radiation in FloTHERM
• Activate “Solve Solar
Radiation .
Radiation”

• Setup “Model
Orientation From
North”.

• Setup “Solar Position”.

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 Model Orientation From North
• Sets the orientation of the
building by defining the angle Alignment Angle
that a wall parallel to the
chosen axes makes to the
North.
• Choose the axis of the wall to
be aligned using the Angle
Measured From popup list list, then
enter the alignment angle as
illustrated for the four points in
Ali
Alignment tAAngle.
l

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 Solar Position
• FloTHERM calculates the position of the
sun from the location of the enclosure and
the time of year you enter.
enter Also,
Also you can
either enter the solar intensity manually or
request the program to calculate it
(allowing for the effect of clouds).
• The calculated results are obtained after
entering the solar position settings and
pressing Enter on the keyboard. The
results
lt di
displayed
l d are as ffollows:
ll
• Calculated Solar Intensity — by default,
gives the calculated solar intensity for a
clear day based on the latitude
latitude, day of the
year and time of day. This value can be
reduced by setting a cloudiness factor.
• Azimuth Angle — the solar azimuth from
the North, measured clockwise, starting
from zero at North
• Solar Altitude — the angle of the sun
above
b th
the h
horizon,
i with
ith zero representing
ti
on the horizon.
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 Data Types
For calculating the effects of the sun, the two types of solar
data are:
• Program calculated sun position used to determine either
anyy over-shadowing g of surroundingg buildings
g or the
shading effect of canopies, and so on.
• Solar intensityy used to calculate solar g
gains and the effect
on temperature in external electronic equipment such as
roadside cabinets.
• For further background to solar data refer to CIBSE Guide
A Section 2.7 and CIBSE Guide J Section 5.

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 Checking Solar Radiation Setting
• Drawing Board > Edit > Modify Picture > Click “Solar
Vector .
Vector”
• The “Solar Vector” will be shown in Drawing Board when
the Solar Radiation setting
g is correct.

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 Transparent Material
• Click “Transparent Material” in the Material Property

• After checking Transparent Material, the dialog expands to

provide two modeling options (choose one):
 Model Type 0 requires the Solar Absorption Coefficient
and Refractive Index.
 Model Type 1 requires the Transmittance and
Reflectance.

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 Model Type 0
Solar Absorption Coefficient
• The Solar Absorption
p Coefficient ((SAC),
) is a material p
property
p y that describes
the amount of solar radiation absorbed per unit length of material. The actual
proportion of the heat absorbed will therefore be a fraction of this value
dependent on the thickness of the glass and the angle at which the sun’s rays
strike the glass and are subsequently transmitted.

R f ti Index
Refractive I d
• The Refractive Index (RI), is defined as the ratio of the speed of light passing
through a vacuum to the speed at which it passes through the material in
question. This property is important because it determines what proportion of
the solar radiation is reflected at a surface where there is a change in
refractive index. It also changes the angle at which the solar travels through
the
h glass
l ffrom the
h iincident
id angle,
l thus
h affecting
ff i theh amount off solar
l radiation
di i
absorbed.
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 Model Type 0
• These two parameter values are likely to be available from the
material manufacturer and, providing that the material is used in
isolation (that is, it is not part of a double or triple glazing system, and
so on) and it is not tinted or coated, these will be sufficient in
calculatingg the correct solar absorption,
p , transmission and reflectance.

• The solar energy reflected from the surface will not be accounted
elsewhere,
l h which
hi h means ththe energy will
ill b
be missing
i i ffrom ththe system.
t

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 Model Type 1

Transmittance
• Transmittance is the fraction of direct solar radiation that is
transmitted through the glass system.
R fl t
Reflectance
• Reflectance is the fraction of direct solar radiation that
does not penetrate the external surface of the glass.
glass It
should also account for the effects of shading, as well as
tinted and coated surfaces.
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 Model Type 1
The solar value behind the glass material will be equal to the
transmittance multiplied by the solar value in front of the
glass.
 The solar energy,
gy, A,, absorbed byy the glass
g is:
A=1-T-R
where T is the Transmittance and R is the Reflectance.

• The solar energy reflected from the surface will not be

accounted elsewhere, which means the energy will be
missing from the system.

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 Simple Example
• Test material and layer are both layer material (opaque).
Ambient temperature is 35C
35 C.

layer

test_material

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Opaque Layer

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 Simple Example
• Change from the layer to the transparent layer. Ambient
temperature is 35C
35 C.
• Transmittance is 0.8 and Reflectance is 0.2.

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Transparent Layer

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 Thanks for your attention

勢流科技股份有限公司Flotrend Corporation
勢流科技股份有限公司Flotrend
台北市信義區忠孝東路五段550
110台北市信義區忠孝東路五段
110 號13
550號 樓
13樓
TEL: 02
02--27266269
FAX: 02
02--27266265
WEB: www.flotrend.com.tw
CFD Technical Support Mail Box:
cfdsupport@flotrend.com.tw