˙hils 1

YS% ,xldfõ uq,au fudagr® r: ;dCIK iÛrdj

fudagr®r: kñka 1995 ckjd˙ ui isg m%ldYhg
m;aùu wdrïN jQ w;r l,dm 20 lska wjika
lrk ,°' fuh Wiia fudagr® r: ;dCIKh i|yd
fjka jQjls'

fudagr®r: wdor®Y l,dm folla

Wiia fudagr® r: ;dCIKh i|yd fudagr®r:

iÛrdj ksl=;a ùu;a iuÛ mdGl b,a,Su
u; idudkH fudagr® r: ;dCIKh i|ydo
iÛrdjla 1996 udr®;= ui isg m%ldYhg
m;a lrk ,° th kï flrefka ismar:
kñks'

ismar: wdor®Y l,dm folla

ouq;= ;dCIK m%ldYk wdh;kh ,lay~

.=jka ú≥,sh yd tlaj m%ldYhg m;al,
,lay~ ˙hils jevigyk yd iïnkaOj
˙hils hk iÛrdj m%ldYhg m;a flreks'
th l,dm 50 lg miq k;r lrkq ,enqfõ
fuu fjí wvúh ilia ls¯u i|ydh'
b†˙fha° kej;;a fuu iÛrdj fjk;a
wdfrlska fukau fjk;a kulska kej;;a
wdrïN jkq we;'
˙hils wdor®Y l,dm folla

fuu fjí msgqj ilid we;af;a ˙hils udisl iÛrdfõ m<jQ ys,a iagdr®Ü
weisiaÜ fldkafg%da,a ms<sn|j jQ ,sms fm< weiq˙ks'
 2 ˙hils
bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï-01
(ESP)
Electronic stability programme
kùk fudagr® r:j, iEu moaO;shlau m˙.Kl
;dCIKh fhdod m˙ir ¥IKh" ˙h≥re iy u.S wdrCIdj"
bkaOk wrms˙ueiau iy cjh jeks lreKq jeä †hqKq lr
;sfnhs' fuys° fí%la moaO;shgo m˙.Kl ;dCIKh fhdod
.ekqu ksid r:fha fõ.h wvq ùug fmr frdao f,dla ùfuka
we;sfjk wk;=re j<lajd .; yels jQ w;r th wo fndfyda
r:j, idr®:lj fhdod .efkhs' wms ABS hkqfjka y∫kajk
fuu moaO;shgo uE;l° ;j ≥rg;a hï hï lsh % dld˙;ajhka
/ila tl;= ù EDL,(Electronic Differential lock)
EBD,(Electronic Brake Pressure Distribution) TCS
(Tractiomn Control System) iy EBC (Engine Brak-
ing Control) jeks ixlSr®K moaO;s /ila ìys úh' fï w;r
thg tla jqkq w;s ixlSr®K;u moaO;sh jk ESP moaO;sh
ms<sn|j fuu l,dmfha isg wOHhkhg .ksuq'
n bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï (ESP)
ESPmoaO;sh ls%hd;aul jk tla wjia:djla
fjdalaiajd.ka iud.u u.ska Tjqkaf.a ;dCIK
ksnkaOkhl ESP moaO;sh y∫kajd°ug fhdod.;a fuu
ldgQka Ñ;%fhka ESP ls%hd;aul jk tla wjia:djla fmkajd
° ;sfnhs' tkï r:hla fõ.fhka Odjkh ls¯fï° CI◊lj
we;sfjk ndOlhla u. yrjk úg r:fha fndäh úúO
n,hka iy tu n,hkaf.a p,khkag ,lafjk w;r ta
hgf;a ˙h≥re Tyq is;k wdldrhg iqlaldku md,kh l,o
r:h ta wkqju .uka fkdlrhs' r:h we,ùfï° me;a;lska
fhfok n,h (Lateral force) .=re;ajdlr®IK n,h
(Force of gravity) fjkia ùu" r:h weof.k hk n,h
(Tractive force) fjkia ùu" frdao iy udr®.h w;r we;s
iïnkaOl n,h (Adhesive force) .s,syS hdu jeks fya;=
/ila ksid r:h fufia frdao yerfjk fldaKhg wkqju
.uka fkdls¯u is≥fjhs' fï w;r frdao iy udr®.h w;r
iïnkaOh fjkia ùu ksid fuys° r:h tl;ek lerlSug
W;aidy .efkk w;r (Yaw moment) th;a jd;h u.ska
we;s flfrk ndOdj;a (aerodynamic drag) fuu
iqlaldkï md,kh .s,syS hdug ;j ≥rg;a fya;= fjhs' fuu
w;sfr®l n,hka ksid we;sfjk wk;=reodhl ;;ajh kï
fuh ˙hils 21 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'
fõ.fhka f.dia jx.= .ekSfï† iy y†is wk;=re
je<elaùug flfrk CI◊l yerùï j,° iqlaldku lmk
m% u dKhg jeäfhka (Oversteer) fyda wvq f jka
(Understeer) r:h ;u .uka u. ilid .ekSuhs' ESP
l%ufhka is≥jkafka fujeks y†is wk;=reodhl wjia:djka
y∫qkdf.k tys° fjk;a iqlaldkï md,khla fhdod .ksñka
r:h ˙h≥re n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ udr®.hg CI◊lj m;a
ls¯uhs' fï wkqj wdrCIdj w;ska b;du;a jeo.;a jQ fukau
w;s ixlSr®K jQ moaO;shla f,i ESP moaO;sh ye¢kaúh
yelsh'
ESP l%uh cr®uka ksIamdok r: j,ska ìys jQj;a
wo th wfkl=;a ixlSr®K r: jr®. /ilu fhdod .efkhs'
Driving dynamic control kñkao th ye¢kafõ' fuu
moaO;shu tla tla ksIamdok iud.ïj, wNsu;h m˙†
fjk;a flá fh≥ï (Abbreviation) j,skao olajd ;sfnkq
±lsh yelsh' my; ±lafjkafka bka lsysmhls'
ASMS (Automotive Stability Mangement System),
DDC ( Driving Dynamic Control)
DSC (Dynamic Stability Control)
VSA (Vehicle Stability Assist)
VSC ( Vehicle Stability Control)
ESP moaO;s ;=, ˙h≥reg wu;rj md,k tallh
u.skao iqlaldku md,kh lrk nj by;ska i|yka úh'
fuf,i r:fha iqlaldkï moaO;sh Ndú;d fkdlr ESP
fldïmshqgrh u.ska r:h yerùug fhdod .kakd úl,am
iqlaldkï ls%hdld˙;ajh ó<Ûg wjfndaO lr isáuq'
ESP i|yd fhdod .efkk iqlaldkï md,kh i|yd ksoiqkla
frdao fjkqjg fÉka fh¥ bvï iy hqo jdyk wm
fldf;l=;a ±l we;af;uq' Tracked vehicles kñka
y∫kajk fuu jdyk j, iqlaldkï moaO;shla fkdue;s w;r
r:h yerùu is≥jkafka tla me;a;l g%ela tlla isr lr
wfkla g%ela tflka Odjkh ls¯fuks' fï i|yd fyd|u
ksoiqk nq,afvdairhhs' by; igyfka olajd we;af;a fl,ska
.uka lrk nq,afvdairhla ol=Kg yrjk whqrehs' tys°
nq,afvdairfha ol=Kq miska we;s g%ela tl isr ls¯fuka wjYH
fldaKhg r:h ol=Kg yerùu is≥fjhs' fuh jï mig
yerùfï† jï mi g%ela tl isr l, hq;= fjhs' ESP l%ufha°
r:fha .uka u. fjkia lrkafkao fuf,i frdaohla fyda
folla isr ls¯fuks' tfy;a th is≥ ls¯ug b;d ixlSr®K
jQ moaO;shla fhdod .; hq;= fjhs' uq,skau wms fuu moaO;sh
ms<sn|j idudkH ±kqula ,nd isáuq'
 ˙hils 3
ESP moaO;shla ls%hdlrk wdldrh ir, rEm
ESP ls%hdld˙;ajh is≥jk whqre igyka fm<la weiq˙ka fuys jï miska olajd we;' fuys°
md,k tallhg me;s lv follska ix« tl;=fjhs' igyfka
th a iy b f,i fma<s follska my<g olajd we;' a
fma<sfhka olajd we;af;a ˙h≥re r:h yerùug woyia
lrk udr®. m:hhs' ta i|yd ˙h≥re ;ukag wjYH
fldaKhg iqlaldku yerjQ miq r:h .uka lrk m:h b
igyka fm< ;=,ska olajd we;' fï i|yd Wmld¯ jk
fikair iy Wmdx.o igyfka olajd we;' fuys° a
fma<sfhka olajd we;s whqre ˙h≥re r:h .uka lrùug
woyial, m:h l=ula±hs y∫kd .ekSug md,k tallh
fikair lsysmhlau fhdod .kS' iqlaldku yrjk ,o
fldaKh iy th yrjk ,o fõ.h fuys m%Odk ix«jla
fjhs' ta i|yd iqlaldku ;=, we;s wxl 1 iaàh˙ka wEka.,a
fikairh fhdod we;' tys mdGdxl weiq˙ka iqlaldku
yrjk ,o fõ.h md,k tallh ;=,° .Kkh flfrhs' fï
i|yd wjYH b;s˙ ix«j jk r:fha fõ.h ABS
moaO;shg wh;a ù,a iamSâ fikair u.ska y∫kd .efka'
by; wdldrhg r:h .uka l, hq;= m:h igyka
ESP md,k tallh
lrk w;ru md,k tallh u.ska r:h .uka lrk m:ho
fidhd .kS' ta i|yd b fma<sfha fojk igyfka olajd we;s
➧

wxl 3 fhda fr®Ü (Yaw rate) fikairh iy wxl 4 ,egr,a

´jr®
iaàh˙ka ➥ ➥ wkavr®
iaàh˙ka
(Lateral Sensor) fikairh fhdod .kS' fhda fr®Ü
fikairfhka r:h tl;ek lerlSug orK W;aidyho
,egr,a fikairh u.ska r:fha me;a;lg we;sfjk
f;rmSuo md,k tallh fj; ±kqï fokq ,efí' fuys° r:h
.uka l, hq;= udr®.fhau r:h .uka lrhs kï (a=b) md,k
tallh ksy~ fjhs' fuu w.hka fol fjkia fjhs kï
(a≠b) tys° we;sfjk wjodkï ;;ajh (Critical
situation) fuu ESP md,k tallh my; ±lafjk whqre
ls%hd;aul ù u.yrjhs' tys° r:h m;aj we;af;a ´jr®
iaàh˙ka (Oversteer) ;;ajhg kï igyfka fuu jï
B mis ka olajd we;s wdldrhgo" wkavr® iaàh˙ka (Understeer)
A kï igyk ol+Kq miska olajd we;s wdldrhgo ESP
md,kh wdrïN flfrhs' fuys° r:h m;aj we;af;a ´jr®
iaàh˙ka ;;ajhg kï th uevmj;ajk wdldrh uq,skau
fidhd n,uq'
➔ by< fõ.hlska .uka .kakd r:hla ˙h≥re
úiska jï me;a;g yerùug fhdok ,o iqlaldkï
fldaKhg jvd yerjqfka kï (Oversteer) fuu A igyk
O whqre r:h udr®.fha jï mig lerflñka mdfrka bj;g
úisùhdug W;aidy .kshs' tys° ˙h≥re úiskau iqlaldku
A1 B1 kej; ol=Kg yrjñka th md,kh lr.ekSu idudkHfhka
is≥fjhs' tfy;a ESP l%ufha° ˙h≥reg th ±fkkakg fmr
ESP moaO;sh u.ska iqlaldkï md,kh is≥jk whqre md,k tallh u.ska th uevmj;ajk whqre A1 igyfkka
olajd ;sfnhs' ta i|yd b†˙ ol=Kq mi frdaofha muKla fí%la ;o ls¯u md,k tallfhka is≥fõ' túg fmr úia;r l,
whqre nq,afvdair yerfjk wdldrhg r:h kshñ; udr®. m:hg m;a flfrhs' y†is jx.=jl° r:h ´jr® iaàh˙ka ùu
muKla fkdj wkavr® iaàh˙ka ùuo is≥úh yelsh' tys° r:h ˙h≥re yrjk me;a;g úreoaO me;a;g f.dia udr®.fhka
bj;g ;,a¨ùu is≥fjhs' th ˙h≥reg fmr ESP md,k tallh md,kh lrk whqre by; B iy B1 igyka fol
u.ska fmkajd ° we;' tkï tys° md,k tallh u.ska B;,hlska olajd we;s whqre miqmi jï frdaofha fí%la ;o lr
tu wjodkï ;;ajh u.yrjhs' fuu moaO;sfha ;dCI◊l ls%hdld˙;ajhka ó<ÛZ l,dmfhka úia;r flfrkq we;'
✺✺✺✺
fuh ˙hils 21 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'
 4 ˙hils
bkamiq ol=Kg;a yrjd th u.yerùug W;aidy .kshs'
tfy;a fuf,i jug lemQ r:h kej;;a fmr udr®. m:hg
bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï-02 .ekSug hdfï° we;sfjk wjodkï ;;ajh by; B
(ESP) igyfkka olajd we;' tkï tys° r:h miqmiska flfrk
Electronic stability programme úis ls¯u u; th tl;ek lerlSug ,lafjk w;r th
iqlaldkfuka muKla md,kh lr.; fkdyelsj r:h wdmiq
yefrhs' .shjr l,dmfhka úia;r jQ wdldrhg jx.=jl°
kùk r:j, fhfok m˙.Kl md,kfhka hq;a
´jr® iaàh˙ka fyda wkavr® iaàh˙ka jk úg ESP md,kh
ixlSr®K moaO;s w;=˙ka w;s ixlSr®K moaO;sh f,i ls%hd;aulj wk;=r je<lajQ wdldrhg fuys°o ESP
bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï tkï ESP moaO;sh ls%hd;aulj myiqfjka wk;=r j<lajd .kakd wdldrh
ye¢kaúh yelsh' r:hla jx.=jla .ekSfï° fyda y†is my;ska olajd we;'
yerùul° ˙h≥reg md,kh lr.; fkdyels wjodkï
;;ajhka we;sfjk w;r tjka wjia:d y∫kd .ekSu iy fuu A igyfka
(A)
tys° r:h kshñ; wdldrhg yeisrùu fuu moaO;shg olajd we;af;a by;ska olajk
,o wjodkï wjia:dfõ
wh;a m˙.Kl md,kfhka is≥fjhs' .shjr l,dmfhka wms
wdrïNhhs ' fõ.fhka
fuys uq,sl ksr®udKh fukau jx.=jla .ekSfï† ´jr®
Odjkh jk r:h b†˙hg
iaàh˙ka ùfuka fyda wkavr® iaàh˙ka ùfuka is≥úh yels y†isfha fnda,hla meñK
wka;rdodhl ;;ajhka u.yerùug fuu moaO;sh we;' th je<elaùug ˙h≥re
ls%hdlrk wdldrh wjfndaO lr .;suq' ESP moaO;shlska CI◊lj r:h jug yrjd we;s w;r ó<ZZÛg th CI◊lj
is≥jk ;j;a fujeksu jeo.;a lsh% dld˙;ajhla wo l,dmfhka ol=Kg yrjd kshñ; udr®.hg .; hq;=h'
wjfndaO lr .ksuq' (B) fuu B igyfkka
olajd we;s wdldrhg ˙h≥re
T fuu wk;=r u. yerùug
iq l a l dku jug yrjd
kej;;a ol=Kg yrjk úg
iaáh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh"
frdao fõ. fikair iy
r:fha yeis¯u m¯CId ls¯ug fhdod we;s ,egr,a iy fhda fr®Ü
fikair wd†fhka ,efnk ix« ;=,ska ˙h≥re n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
.uka m:h;a r:h .uka .kakd udr®. m:h;a hk folu ESP
md,k tallh CI◊lj y∫kd .kS' tys° r:h ´jr® iaàh˙ka ù
(A) .uka .kafka fjkia udr®. m:hl nj yªkd .kakd md,lh
B;,hlska olajd we;s whqre CI◊lj b†˙ ol=Kq mi frdaoh
fí%la lr r:h wdrCIdld¯j ol=Kg yrjd ;uka hdhq;= u.g
fhduq lr .kS'
fuys olajd we;s
(C) wdldrhg r:h ol=Kg
Q yerjqkq miq kej;;a jug
yrjk úg tys°o ´jr®
iaáh˙ka ùu is≥fõ' th
je<elaùug fí%la ;o lr
;snqkq b†˙ ol=Kq mi
frdaoh ksoyia lr fuys° kej;;a b†˙ jï mi frdaofha fí%la
(B) ;o lrkq ,efnhs' tho B;,hlska olajd we;' túg r:h tl;ek
lerlSug .;a W;aidyh je<lS hk w;r th ;uka hdhq;=
y†is yerùul° r:h tl ;ek lerlSug W;aidy udr®.hg wmyiqjlska f;drj r:h fhduq lrhs'
.kakd whqre
r:hla fõ.fhka Odjkfha† if;la udr®.h ESP ls%hdld˙;ajh
(D)
yryd mekSu" b†˙fhka hk r:hlska hula udr®.hg jeàu" hgf;a b;d wdrCId iys;j
fyda igyfka olajd we;s wdldrhg fnda,hla udr®.hg úis r:h ;ukag yuqjqkq ndOlh
ùu jeks wkfmaCIs; is≥ùulska udr®.h CI◊lj wjysr u.yer kshñ; udr®.hg
ùula is≥jQ úg by; A igyk whqre th je<elaùug fhduqj we;s whqre fuu
˙h≥re r:h tljr ;u udr®. m:fhka bj;g yrjd igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs'
kej;;a fmr udr®. m˙m:hgu fhduq ùug W;aidy .kS' r:fha fõ.h l=ula jqj;a fuf,i ˙h≥re is;kd udr®.fhau r:h
tkï by; igyk whqre ol=Kq miska fnda,hla udr®.hg f.k hdug yelsùu ;=,ska ESP moaO;shl jákdlu b;d fyd¢ka
fhduqj we;s w;r fuys° ˙h≥re CI◊lj iqlaldku jug;aa jegyS hdhq;=h'

fuh ˙hils 22 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'

 ˙hils 5

ESP moaO;shla u.ska iqlaldkï md,kh ish;g f.k wk;=re j<lajk wdldrh muKla ±ka wms fyd¢ka wjfndaO
lr we;af;uq' tfy;a iEu r:hlu tlu wdldrhg fuu moaO;sh ksr®udKh fkdflfrhs' flfia fyda fï ieulu we;af;a
tlu ls%hdld˙;ajhls' ksoiqkla f,i ABS moaO;sh úúO wdldrhg ksr®udKh jqj;a fï ieulskau is≥ jkafka fí%la myrl°
fõ.h wvqjk ;=re frdao f,dlaùu je<elaùuhs' tfiau ESP moaO;sho l=uk iud.ul úúO wdldrhg ksr®udKh jqj;a
th ls%hd;aul jkafka tlu wdldrhgh' fuys† wm
wOHhkh i|yd fï w;=˙ka tla r: jr®.hla
ksoiqkg .; hq;= w;r ta i|yd my; igykg
f.k we;af;a fjdalaiajd.ka r:hl th fhdod we;s
wdldrhhs'
❼
…
ú≥,s m˙m: udr®. ➑
❶

➓
❷
❸ yhsfv%d,sla f;,a udr®.
❺ ➏
❶ ❷
wm ks o iq k g .;a
fjdali a d.ka r:j, ESP moaO;sh
a j
ie,iqï lr we;s wdldrh by; ESP fldkafg%da,a hqksÜ fí%la ir®fjda hqksÜ
igyfkka olajd we;s w;r thg ➒
wh;a yhsfv%d,sla iy ú≥,s Wmdx.
fukau fikair lÜg,h fuys ol=Kq miska fjka ❸ ❹ ❺
fjkaj olajd we;' idudkHfhka r:hl ESP i|yd
muKla fjka jYfhka jQ md,k tallhla Ndú;d
fkdjk w;r th ks;ru ABS fldïmshqgrfhau
fldgila f,i wka;r®.; lr ;sfí' fï wkqj by; fí%la m%Ir® fikair welai,fr®Ika fikair®
igykg wh;a md,k tallhg g%elaIka fldkafg%da,a
moaO;sho (TCS) we;=,;aj we;' ;jo fuys olajd
we;af;a tla ù,a iamSâ fikairhla jqjo r:fha frdao ➏ ❼ ➑
y;fr®u ù,a iamSâ fikair fuu md,k tallhg
iïnkaO fõ' wdrïNfha° ESP moaO;sh iïnkaO
jQfha Teves ABS moaO;s iu. mu◊' thg fya;=j
ESP l%ufha° fldïmshqgrhgo fí%la ls%hdlrùug ù,a iamSâ fikair® iaàh˙ka wEka.,a
is≥jk w;r tys° yhsfv%d,sla mSvkh wjYH neúks' fhda fr®Ü fikair® fikair®
fÜõia l%ufha° ú≥,s fmdïmhla u.ska ks;ru
yhsfv%d,sla mSvkh ndr® 140 l muk mSvkhlska mj;ajd ➒ ➓
.kakd neúka tu mSvkh ESP i|yd fhdod .ekqug ESP
fldïmshqgrhg yelsúh' tfy;a Bosch l%ufha° idudkH
fí%la ir®fjda tlla fhdod .ekqkq w;r tys° fí%la mSvkh
we;sjQfha ˙h≥re fí%la fhdok úg muKla neúka ta iu. yhsfv%d,sla hqksÜ
ESP fhdod fkd.ekqks' flfia kuq≥ Bosch ABS yhsfv%d,sla mïma®
moaO;shgo wu;r fmdïmhla fhdod miq ld,fha° fï i|yd fhdod .ekqks' by; olajd we;af;ao tjka moaO;shls' fï
wkqj fuu yhsfv%d,sla moaO;sfha ksr®udKh ó<Û l,dmfhka wOHhkh lruq' ✺✺✺✺
fuh ˙hils 22 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'
 6 ˙hils
Teves - ABS l%ufha°
bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï-03 fuka Bosch- ABS l%ufha°
f;,a mSvkhla .nvd lr ;nd
(ESP) fkd.kakd w;r mfhka fhdok
mSvkhu fí%la ls%hdld˙;ajh
ESP - yhsfv%d,sla moaO;sh'
i|yd fhdod .efkhs' tfy;a
fu`gr® r:hl ESP lsh
% dld˙;ajh iïmQrK
® fhkau ESP ls%hd;aul jk úg°
is≥jkafka tu m˙.Kl md,lh u.ska frdao fjka fjkaj ˙h≥ref.a wkq ±kq u la
isr ls¯fuka nj miq.sh l,dm ;=,ska wms wjfndaO lr
.;suq' fuu moaO;sh fld;rï ixlSr®K jqj;a ta i|yd fjka yhsfv%d,sla m%Ir® fmdïmh fkdue;sj frdao j, fí%la
fh°ug wjYH fjhs' ta wkqj
jYfhka jQ yhsfv%d,sla moaO;shla lsisu ESP moaO;shl
ESP ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd wjYH by< mSvkh ,nd.ekqug
fhdod fkd.efkk w;r r:fha we;s ABS moaO;sfhau lrk
C fmdïmh fudähqf,agrhg my<ska iúlr ;sfí' yhsfv%d,sla
,o kùlrK ;=,ska th bgqlr .ekqu is≥fõ' ˙hils-02
m˙m:hla u.ska fuu ie,iqu fukau ls%hdld˙;ajho
isg 09 olajd jQ iÛrd ;=,ska ,nd≥ka ABS moaO;s ms<sn|
wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
±kqu fuys° fuu ESP ls%hdld˙;ajh wOHhkhg
wksjdr®hfhkau wjYH fjhs' flfia fyda ABS moaO;s 3- ESP yhsfv%d,sla m˙m: ie,iqu
channel iy 4-channel f,i wdldr follg ksr®udKh
jk w;r 3 pek,a l%ufha° miq frdao fol tlg;a b†˙ 1' fí%la ir®fjda tallh 6' yhsm%Ir® mïma ^ESP &
frdao fol fjk fjku;a ABS i|yd ls%hd;aul fjhs' 2' fldkafg%da,a jE,ajh 7' ˙gka *af,da mïma
tfy;a ESP l%ufha° frdao fjka fjkaj fí%la ls¯ug 3' bkafÜla jE,ajh ➓ 8' ú,a fí%la is,skavr®
wjYHjk ksid tys° fhdod .kq ,nkafka 4-pek,a l%uhhs' 4' msgdr jE,ajh 9' fí%la äiala
ukao yhsfv%d,sla fudähqf,agrh ;=,ska tys frdao y;r fjka 5' yhs m%Ir® jE,ajh 10' fid,fkdhsâ
fjkaj pek,a 4 lg fnod fjka lr we;s fyhsks'
ESP moaO;s fudagr® r:j, wdldr lsysmhlgu › †
fhdod .efkhs' fï w;=˙ka wm wOHhkh i|yd f;dardf.k …
we;af;a Bosch iud.fï ksr®udKhls' tys ú≥,s m˙m: ‚
ie,iqu fmr l,dmfhka úia;r jQ w;r wo tys yhsfv%d,sla

m˙m: ie,iqu wOHhkhg .ksuq' ˆ
ž
fuu igyfkka olajd
we;af;a wm ksoiqkg .;a ESP ƒ „
moaO;sfha fhdod we;s ir®fjda
nQiagrh iys; gekavï udiagr® ESP moaO;shl yhsfv%d,sla m˙m: ie,iqu
fmdïmhhs' fí%la ir®fjda kñka th wm ksoiqkg .;a r:fha ESP iu. ls%hd;aul jk
ye|s k a f jhs ' ESP moa O ;s h ABS moaO;sfha tla frdaohlg wh;a m˙m:h fuys Wmqgd
fjkqfjka tys fjkila lr ke;' olajd we;' fuys ishΩ fid,fkdhsâ jE,aõ ABS/ESP
fí%la ir®fjda md,k tallfhka ls%hd;aul jk w;r fuys igykg f.k
fuu igyfka olajd we;af;a we;af;a Odrdj iïnkaO fkdjk úg tajdfha msysàuhs' fuu
ESP lsh% dld˙;ajho ,nd.; yels wxl 2 fldkafg%da,a jE,ajh úfYaIs; jkafõ jE,ajhla jk
f,i kùlrkh lrk ,o ABS w;r Odrdj imhk úg tys ls%hdld¯ w; fjkiafõ' wxl
yhsfv%d,sla fudähqf,agrhhs' fuys 1 fí%la ir®fjda tallh yryd ˙h≥re fí%la fhdok úg wxl
ABS ls % h dld˙;a j h ,ndf.k 2 jkafõ jE,ajh iy újD;j we;s wxl 3 bkafÜla jE,ajh
we;af;a wm W.;a fÜõia ABS yryd fí%la f;,a mSvkh ù,a is,skavr j,g ,eî fí%la
l%ufha° fuka tla le,smrhlg ;ofõ' ia,sma fr®ka– w.h md,khg fí%la wvq ls¯u bkafÜla
yhsfv%d,sla fol ne.s k a jQ yhs f v% d ,s l a jE,ajh jid wxl 4 msgdr jE,ajh újD; ls¯fuka is≥fõ'
fudähqf,agrh fid,fkdhsâ jE,aõ fhdod .ksñks' ta iu. wxl 7 ˙gka *af,da fmdïmh;a wxl 2 fldkafg%da,a
fmdïmfhka ˙h≥re ,ndfok mSvkhu fid,fkdhsâ jE,aõ jE,ajh;a ls%hd;aulj jeä f;,a ir®fjda gexlshg fhduq
fol ne.ska iïnkaO ls¯fuka iy äiapd– ls¯fuka ABS flfr®' ta wkqj fuys° fÜõia ABS wdldrhg fid,fkdhsâ
ls%hdld˙;ajh ,nd.ekSu fuys° is≥fõ' äiapd– lrk ,o yryd b;d ir, wkaoñka ABS ls%hdld˙;ajh ,nd° ;sfnhs'
f;,a wdmiq gexlshg heùu i|yd ˙gka *af,da fmdïmhla fuu moaO;shu ESP i|yd ls%hd;aul jk whqre ó<ÛZg
fuys fhdod .ekqko m%Ir® welshñ
q f,agrhla fhdod fkd.efka' wjfndaO lr .ksuq'

fuh ˙hils 23 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'

 RS-23

˙hils 7
ESP yhsfv%d,sla ls%hdld˙;ajh ;sìh° md,k tallh u.ska újD;j ;snQ e fid,fkdhsâ
jE,ajhg Odrdj imhd tho jid oukq ,nhs' a iy e fmdïm
folo fuys° wls%hj mj;sk w;r moaO;sfha tu.ska isrlr
Raise pressure
lr ;snQ mSvkh /l.ekqug b iy e fid,fkdhsâ folg
a b Odrdj imhd th jid oukq ,nhs' fï wkqj r:fha wjodkï
;;ajh u. yefrk ;=re md,k tallh u.ska ;SrKh l,
;;amr lsysmhla i|yd fuf,i fí%la tl .Kkg ;o lr
f ;nd .ekqu is≥fjhs' fuu mshjr Hold pressure kñka
ye¢kafjhs'
c h
b

e f
d c
frdao isr lr .ekqug wjYH mSvkh ,nd .ekqu
fuu igyfka olajd we;af;a fmr igyfkka olajk
,o moaO;shu ESP i|yd ls%hd;aul jk whqrehs' fuh
jvd;a myiq ls¯ug fuu yhsfv%d,sla m˙m: jr®K igykska
hqla;j we;=,a msg ljr foflys m<lr we;' ESP
ls%hdld˙;ajfha uq,a w†hr f,i f;,a mSvkh ,nd°u
(Raise pressure) fuys is≥fõ' Odjkfha° we;s jQ hï
wjodkï ;;ajhla u.yerùug fuu igyfkka olajd we;s
frdaohu isr ls¯ug ESP moaO;shg is≥ jQfhahhs is;uq' ta
i|yd wjYH f;,a mSvkh ,nd .ekqug a yhsfv%d,sla
fmdïmh CIKslj lsh % d;aulj moaO;sh fí%la f;,a mSvkfhka
mqrjkq ,efnhs' ta iu.u C ˙gka *af,da fmdïmh ls%hd;aulj
tu mSvkfhka fldgila fí%la le,smrhg ,nd° frdaoh
isrlrkq ,nhs' fuu f;,a udr®.h igyfka B;, u.ska
olajd we;' fuu uq,a ls%hdld˙;ajfha° lsisu yhsfv%d,sla
fid,fkdhsâ jE,ajhla ls%hd;aul fkdjk w;r tajd uq,a
jrg ls%hd;aul jkafka fufia ,nd ≥ka mSvkh r|jd .ekSu
tkï fuys fojk mshjr i|ydh' my; igyfkka th
olajd ;sfnhs'
a b
c f
h ✺✺✺✺
d e
f;,a mSvkh u.Ska frdao isr lr ;nd .ekqu
fuys olajd we;af;a ESP fojk mshjrhs' tkï
frdao isr ls¯fuka miqj tu mSvkh ksh;j ;nd .kakd
wjia:djhs' fuys° jeiS ;snqkq F msgdr jE,ajh tf,iu
d e
fí%la ksoyia ls¯ug f;,a mSvkh bj;a ls¯u
fuys olajd we;af;a ESP i|yd isr l, frdaohla
;;amr lsysmhlska miq tkï wjodkï ;;ajh u. yereKq
miq kej; ksoyia lrk wdldrhhs' ta i|yd b iy e
fid,fkdhsâ folg iemhQ Odrdj tf,iu ;sìh° tajdg
wu;rj f msgdr fid,fkdhsvhg Odrdj imhd f;,a mSvkh
ksoyia lrk w;r ksoyiajk f;,a bj;a ls¯ug c ˙gka
*af,da fmdïmh ls%hd;aul lr ;sfnhs' fuu fmdïmfhka
bj;alrk f;,a wdmiq fí%la ir®fjda tl yryd ˙ijr®
gexlshg fhduql, hq;= w;r ta i|yd d jkafõ jE,ajh
ndOdjla fjhs' ta i|yd tu jE,ajhg Odrdjla imhk w;r
tys° th ls%hd;aulj jkafõ †idj udre lrkq ,nhs' fuu
igyku fmr igykla yd ikaikaokh ls¯fuka fuu
jE,ajfha ls%hdld˙;ajh jgyd.; yelsh'
ESP moaO;shl yhsfv%d,sla ls%hdld˙;ajh olajd wms
fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd we;s w;r ±ka b;s˙j we;af;a fuu
md,k tallhg ESP ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd wjYH o;a;
,nd.kakd wdldrh jgyd .ekSuhs' fuys ó<ÛZ l,dmfhkaa
tu fikair iy Wmdx.j, ksr®udKh iy ls%hdld˙;ajh
úia;r flfrkq we;'
ESP moaO;s wdldr lsysmhlgu ksr®udKh jk
w;r tu moaO;s tlsfkl w;r we;af;a iqΩ iqΩ
fjkia lï mu◊' fï w;r ESP muKla fkdj ;j;a
g%elaIka fldkafg%da,a moaO;s lsysmhlau ls%hd;aul
jkafka r:fha ABS moaO;s iu. jk w;r tu md,k
tallo ABS md,k tallh ;=,u ;ekam;aj ;sfnhs'
fï wkqj fuu g%elaIka fldkafg%da,a moaO;s
wOHhkhg ABS ls%hdld˙;ajh fyd¢kawjfndaO lr
isáh hq;= w;r ˙hils uq,a l,dm ;=,ska tu
wOHhkh ,nd ≥kafka miqjg fuu moaO;s wOHhkh
myiq ùugh'

fuh ˙hils 23 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'

 8 ˙hils
bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï-04
(ESP)
˙h≥re úiska iqlaldku yeisrùfï° Tyq woyia
l, wdldrhg r:h uo jYfhka fyda fjkiaj .uka
lrkafkakï th y∫kdf.k CI◊lj th ˙h≥re woyia
l, wdldrhg yerùu bf,lafg%dksla iageì,sá fm%da.%Eï
moaO;sh u.ska is≥fjhs' uola ñf,ka by< ixlSr®K fudagr®
r:j, muKla fhofjk fuu moaO;sh we;=,;a fudagr® r:
wm rfÜo nyq,j oelsh yelsfjhs' fuu moaO;sfha uQ,sl
ls%hdld˙;ajh miq.sh l,dm follska úia;r úh'
fuu moaO;sh i|yd ixlSrK
® fikair .Kkdjlau
fhdod we;s whqre we;=,a msg ljrfha olajd we;s jr®K
igyk ;=,ska wjfndaO lr.; yelsh' fuu fikair j,
we;af;a ixlSr®K ls%hdld˙;ajhka neúka tajd fjka fjkaj
wOHhkhg l,dm .Kkdjlu msgq fol ne.ska fjka ls¯ug
is≥fjhs' tfy;a fuu fikair ls%hdlrk uQ, Or®uhka wmg
wfkl=;a ixlSr®K moaO;s wOHhkhg b;d Wmld¯ fjhs' fï
ksid fuu fikair j,ska iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh
muKla fuys .eUq˙ka úia;r lr ,egr,a welai,fr®Ika
fikairh ms<sn|j idudkH ye¢kaùula muKla lr we;'
■ iaáh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh
thdr®nE.a ia,sma ˙ka
iqlaldkug iújk iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh
fuys olajd we;af;a ESP moaO;shl b;d jeo.;au
fikairhla jQ iaáh˙ka wEka.,a fikairhhs' iqlaldkï ù,a
tl yrjk ,o fldaKh ESP md,k tallhg ,nd°u ñka
bgqjk fiajhhs' ˙h≥re r:h .uka lrùug woyia lrk
m:h ;SrKh ls¯u iy tys° r:h tu udr®.fhau .uka
.kakjdo hkak fidhd ne,Su hk lreKq folgu fuu
ix«j wjYH fjhs' ukao ESP ls%hd;aul jkafka ˙h≥re
woyia lrk udr®.fha r:h .uka fkdlrk wjia:dj,°
muKla neúks' fuys° we;a;jYfhkau wjYH jkafka
iqlaldku yerjQ fldaKh iu. th yerjQ iS>%;djhhs'
mdGdxl oekqï fok m,aia ;rx.h md,k tallh ;=, jQ
laf,dla fckfr®grfhka ,efnk ld, ix«j yd iiπ
,nd.;a th yerjQ iS>%;djh" iqlaldku yerjQ fldaKh yd
iiπ md,k tallh u.ska ˙h≥re .uka ls¯ug woyia l,
udr®. m:h ;SrKh flfr®'
fuh ˙hils 24 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'
fuu iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh iú jkafka
iqlaldkfï ˙h≥re thdr®nE.a fldhs,a mela tl iújqkq
ia:dkfhauh' ta wkqj fmr igyfka olajd we;s whqre thdr®
nE.a .Eia fckfr®grh i|yd iújk ú≥,s w.%o fuh
yrydu we;s ia,sma ˙ka folla yryd iïnkaO jk w;r
fuys b;s˙ bv m%udKh iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh i|yd
fjkalr ;sfnhs'
iEu r:hlu iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh tlu
wdldrhlg ksr®udKh lr fkd;sfnkakg mqΩjk' flfia fyda
Bosch iy ITT hk wdh;k fol u.ska lr we;s ksr®udK
foflysu fuh tlu wdldrhlg ksr®udKh fjhs' fmr
igyfka olajd we;af;ao tu fikairhhs' idudkHfhka
bf,lafg%dksla iiafmkaIka jeks moaO;s i|ydo iaàh˙ka
wEka.,a fikairh wjYH jk w;r tys° ta i|yd fhdod
.kafka idudkH fmdfgkafIda ógrhls' tfy;a fuys° ta
i|yd f.ùhk fldgia lsisjla Ndú;d fkdjk f,i Tmaál,a
fikair fhdod ;sfnhs' iqlaldku lrljk fõ.h b;d
ksj/†j ,nd .ekSug ä‚g,a ;dCIKh fhdod .; hq;=
ùu fuf,i wekf,d.a fmdfgkafIda ógrh bj;a ls¯ug
fya;= ù we;'
fuu iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairh u.ska ;rx.
folla ESP md,k tallh fj; fhduq lr ;sfnhs' bka tlla
idudkH ä‚g,a m,aia ;rx.hls' th u.ska iqlaldku
lrljk iS>%;djh b;d ksj/†j ,nd.; yelsfjhs' fuys
fojk ;rx.h u.ska iqlaldku yrjd we;s fldaKh fmkakqï
lrhs' fuys° iqlaldku yrjk ,o fldaKh iEu wxYl 4'50
lg jrla .Kkhg f.k w.hka kej; ieliSu (Initial-
ise) is≥fjhs' fuys ksr®udKh iy ls%hdld˙;ajh ó<Ûg
wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
b
a
c
d c
iaáh˙ka wEka.,a fikairhl we;=,; ksr®udKh
iaàh˙ka wEka.,a fikairhl ksr®udKh fuys olajd
we;' fuh Tmaál,a l%uhg tkï wdf,dal ixfõ° ;rx.
weiq˙ka ls%hdlrkakls' fuys b ;eáh iqlaldku iu.
lerlfjkakls' d fldgi ;=, n,anhla ;ekam;a lr we;s
w;r th fomiska lÜg lemq j<¨ folla iúl, b ;eáh
iu.u .uka lrhs' fuu ;eá fgïmaf,aÜ (Template)
kñka ye¢kafjhs' C hkq Tmaál,a fikair f,i ls%hdlrk
n,anh fomi we;s fmdfgda vfhdaâ folls' fuu ie,iqu
wkqj iqlaldku yerùfï° ta iu. lerlfjk b ;eáfha
 ˙hils
ljqΩ u.ska tlsfklg fjkia jQ m,aia ;rx. folla
fomi we;s fmdfgda vfhdaâ u.ska we;s lrhs' bka tlla u.ska
iqlaldku lrljk fõ.h olajk w;r wfkla ;rx.h
iqlaldku yerjQ fldaKh olajkq ,nhs'
iqlaldku jg folla tkï 7200 la lerflk neúka fuys
iqlaldkï fldaKh fojk jgfha mdGdxl y∫kd .ekSu
wmyiq jk w;r ta i|yd a ljqkagr® ù,h fhdod tu
;rx.ho md,k tallhg ,nd ° ;sfnhs'
m,aia ;rx. ksmojk whqre
fuys olajd we;af;a fikair® ;rx. ksmojk
wdldrhhs' wxl 3 n,anh ±,aùfuka fomi we;s Tmaál,a
fikair® fj; wdf,dal Odrdjka folla fomig úysfoa' tu
wxl 4 iy 5 Tmaál,a fikair® u.ska ksl=;ajk ix« ;rx.
±laùu i|yd fuu igyfka fomiska Tis,ia fldama ;Sr
folla igykg tla lr we;' fuys iaáh˙ka ù,a tl iu.
lerflk wxl 1 fgïmaf,aÜ tflys tlu wdldrfha lÜg
fma,shlao wxl 2 fgïmaf,aÜ tflys ms,sfj<lg fkdjQ lÜg
fma<shlao ilid we;' fuys olajd we;s msysàfï° Tmaál,a
fikair® folg wdf,dalh fkdjefgk fyhska Tis,ia fldama
;Sr u.ska olajd we;s whqre tys ú≥,shlao ksmoù ke;'
(A)
(B)
m,aia ;rx. folla tljr ,efnk whqre
fuu igyka fol u.ska olajd we;af;a iqlaldku
yrjk úg fikair® ;rx. we;sfjk wdldrhhs' fuu A
igyk whqre iqlaldku yerùfï° n,anh iy fikair®
fuh ˙hils 23 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'
9
fkdfjkiaj mj;sk w;r n,anh fomi jQ fgïmaf,aÜ fol
muKla fjkia fjhs' fuys we;=,a maf,aÜ tflys tl iudk
lÜg ilid we;s neúka tu.ska ksl=;a jkafka tlu yevfha
m,aia ;rx.hls' fuys msg; ˙ka tfla lÜg fma<sh wiudk
whq˙ka ilid we;s neúka th u.ska we;sfjkafka tu lÜg
j,g idfmaCI tlsfklg fjkia yevhlska hq;= jQ m,aia
;rx. fma<shls' fuu m,aia ;rx. fma<s fol md,k tallh
;=,° m¯CIdjg ,la flfrk w;r tu.ska iqlaldkfï
msysàu" iy lrljk fõ.h hk lreKq ;SrKh flfrhs'
by; wdldrhg iqlaldku lrljk fõ.h iy
tys msysàu ;ks Tmaál,a fikairhlska muKla ,nd.;
fkdyelsoehs fuys° Tng .egΩjla we;sjkq we;' fuys°
iqlaldkï fõ.h uekSug kï B igyk jïmiska olajd we;s
wdldrhg tl iudk m,aia ;rx.hla ;sìh hq;=fjhs' túg
hï ld, mrdihla ;=, ,efnk m,aia ;rx. weiq˙ka fõ.h
.kKh l< yels fjhs' tfy;a tu ;rx.fhka iqlaldkfï
msysàu fidhd .ekSu l< fkdyelsfjhs' ukao ieu ;ekl°u
tl iudk m,aia ;rx. ,efnk neúks' ta wkqj by;
igykaj, olajd we;s fjkia lÜg iys; fgïmaf,aÜ tllao
fhdod ;sfnhs' m,aia yevhka fjkiaj ,efnk ksid fuys°
tu.ska iqlaldku lrljk fõ.h ;SrKh l, fkdyels
fjhs' tfy;a fuu m,aia ;rx. yevhka u; iqlaldku
msysgk fldaK fldïmshg q rhg ljd we;s fyhska tu ljd
we;s m,aia ;rx. yevhka iqlaldku lerlùfï° ,efnk
yevhka yd iei£fuka iqlaldkï msysàu y∫kd.; yels
fjhs' tfy;a iqlaldkfï fojk jgfha°o tlu m,aia
yevhka ;j j;djla ,efnk kuq;a fmr msgqfõ wjika
igyfka olajd we;s a ±;s frdaoh u.ska tu fojk jgh
y∫kd.kq ,efnhs'
by; wdldrhg ixlSr®K ls%hdld˙;ajhka iys;
fuu moaO;shg wh;a ;j;a fikair folla f,i ,egr,a
welai,fr®Ika fikairh iy fhda fr®Ü fikairh oelaúh
yelsh' fï w;=˙ka b.aksIka moaO;s wOHhkfha° wm W.;a
fyda,a fckfr®gr lsh
% dld˙;ajh fhdod ,egr,a welai,fr®Ika
fikairh ksr®udKh lr we;s fyhska tys ls%hdld˙;ajh
wmg myiqfjka jgyd.; yels fjhs'
W;=re øejh
(A)
ol=Kq øejh
(B)
,egr,a welai,fr®Ika fikairhl ksr®udKh
by; A igyfkka ,egr,a welai,fr®Ika fikairh
olajd we;s w;r B igyfkka tys ksr®udKh olajd ;sfnhs'
r:hla jx.=jla .ekSfï† tys me;a;lg we,ùfï fyda úis
ls¯fï n,h u; r:h .uka lrk wdldrh jgyd .ekqug
md,k tallhg fuu fikairfha ix«j wjYH fjhs' fï
 10 ˙hils
i|yd fuu fikairh ;=, ≥kq máhl fomig jefkk f,i iúl, pqïnl folla fhdod we;s w;r th r:fha
fndähg fyd¢ka iúlr ;sfnhs' fndfyda úg th iú jkafka miqmi wiqk há misks' igyk whqre th ksoyfia mj;sk
úg tys fyda,a fjda,aàh;djhla we;s fkdfjhs' tfy;a jx.=jl° jx.=j .kakd fõ.h wkqj fuys fjda,aàh;djhla ksmofjk
whqre my; olajd ;sfnhs'

,egr,a welai,fr®Ika fikairhl ls%hdld˙;ajh

fuhg fmr igyk whqre r:h iDcqj .uka ls¯fï† pqïnl øej folu tl iudk f,i fyda,a fikairh fj;
n,meu ksid ú≥,s ix«jla tys ksmo fkdjqko by; igyk whqre r:h fomig yerùfï° is≥jk me;s f;rmqfuka
tla pqïnl øejhla muKla fyda,a fikairh yd iómj mej;Sfuka tys ú≥,s ix«jla ksmofjhs' fuys° ksmofjk Odrdj
.,k w; wkqj r:h yrjk †idj muKla fkdj tys m%n,;djh wkqj r:h fld;rï fõ.hlska yerjQfhao hkak;a
md,k tallhg y∫kd.; yels fjhs' fuu fikair ms<sn|j ,nd.;a oekqu wfkl=;a ixlSr®K moaO;s wOHhkh i|yd
fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a jkq we;'

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fuh ˙hils 23 l<dmfhka Wmqgd.kakd ,oaols'