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EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION

I. EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

Period Structure Type
Confederate Government Monarchy
 During the pre-Spanish Datu – a title which
era, each barangays denotes the rulers.
was virtually a state.  rising to power mainly by
 Some barangays joined inheritance, wisdom,
Pre-Colonial Period together as physical prowess, and
Barangay “confederations” wealth, whereby anyone
 for the purpose of could become the chief of
mutual protection the state. (Puyat, 1959)
against common
enemies.

Unitary Government Encomienda System

 Spain established a  which resembled the
centralized colonial feudal system in
government in the medieval Europe.
Philippines.  The conquistadores,
During Spanish Period
 composed of different friars and native nobles
Spanish Colonial
governments: were granted states.
Bureaucracy
 national –  given the privilege to
Governor-General collect tribute from its
 provincial – alcalde inhabitants.
mayor  to provide military
protection to the
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 municipal - inhabitants, justice and
Gobernadorcillo governance.
 barrio – cabeza de
barangay
 administered at
provinces, cities, towns
and municipalities.
Unitary Government Republic
Katipunan Government  The Katipunan was
 governed by the secrete society that
Supreme Council. precipitated our
 Supreme Council was glorious revolution on
headed by an elected August 26, 1896.
president, followed by  “separation of the
the secretary or Philippines from the
secretaries, the Spanish monarchy and
treasures, and fiscal. their formation into an
Philippine Revolutionary
independence state.”
Period
Biak-na-Bato Republic Dictorial Government
Katipunan Government
Compose of:  Proclamation of the
Biak-na-Bato Republic
 President Philippine
 Vice-President Independence at Kawit
 Secretary of on June 12, 1898 and
Foreign Affairs the reorganization of
 Secretary of War local governments.
 Secretary of Interior Revolutionary
 Secretary of Government
Treasury  aims of the new
government were
“struggle for the
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independence of the
Philippines, until all
nations including Spain
will expressly recognize
it.” and “to prepare the
country for the
establishment of a real
Republic.
Military Government
 All powers of
government –
executive, legislative
and judicial.
Civil Government
 The Civil Governor,
Presidential Government
American Period also exercised
 this means that the
 The Military legislative powers.
executive and
Government  President of the
legislative branches of
 The Civil Government Philippine Commission
government are
 Commonwealth – the sole law-making
separate, independent
Government of the body of the
of one another, and co-
Philippines government.
equal.
Commonwealth
Government of the
Philippines
 Deemed successor to
the Government of the
Philippine Islands.
 First national election
under the 1935
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
Constitution held on
September 12, 1935,
with Manuel L. Quezon
and Sergio Osmeña, as
President and Vice-
President, respectively.
The Japanese Military Republic
Administration (Second Philippine
 Under a proclamation Republic)
issued by the Japanese  a state in which
High Command, the supreme power is held
sovereignty of United by people and their
States over the elected
Philippines was representatives, and
Japanese Period
declared terminated. which has an elected or
 The Japanese Military
The Philippine Executive nominated president
Administration
Commission rather than a monarch.
 The Philippine
 known as civil
Executive Commission
government
 Japanese-Sponsored
 was organized by the
Republic of the
military forces of
Philippines
occupation.
 The commission
exercised both the
executive and
legislative powers.
 Subject approval of the
Commander-in-Chief of
the Japanese Forces.
 Far Eastern University
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Japanese-Sponsored
Republic of the
Philippines
 same character as the
Philippine Executive
Commission
 ultimate source of its
authority was the
Japanese military
authority and
government.
Government of the Revolutionary
Philippines  instituted not in
 governed as unitary accordance with the
state under a procedure provided in
presidential an existing Constitution
representative and De jure / De facto
democratic and a  a de facto government
constitutional republic acquires a de jure
The Provisional where the President status when it gains
Government of 1986 functions as both the wide acceptance from
head of state and head the people and
of government of the recognition from the
country within a community of nations.
pluriform multi-party Democratic
system. (Government  Installed by direct
of the Philippines, action of the people as
2020) a direct expression or
manifestation of their
sovereign will.
 Far Eastern University
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II. EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

Constitution Similarities Differences
The 1899 Malolos The similarities between The only differences of
Constitution each constitution is to these constitutions is the
(1899-1901) have a good state and way it implements the
The 1935 Constitution system in our political laws, rules and regulation.
(1935-1943, 1945-1973) system in order to achieve It depends on how the
The 1943 Constitution a well-balanced and presidents and other
(1943-1945) valuable system. officials who were involved
The 1973 Constitution in that constitution.
(1973 – 1986) Each era has its own
The 1987 Constitution articles but has the same
(1987 – Present) goal.

References
Canete-Trinidad, M. (2012, January 26). Spanish Colonial Government. Retrieved from
SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/MarcyTrinidad/spanish-colonial-
government

Government of the Philippines. (2020, February 29). Retrieved from Wikipedia The Free
Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines

History of the Philippines, 1565-1898. (2020, February 15). Retrieved from Wikipedia
The Free Encyclopedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines,_1565%E2%80%931898
#Spanish_government

Pasinos, V. J. (2014, March 13). Historical Development of the Philippines. Retrieved

from Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/
 Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
Puyat, G. J. (1959). The Philippines, Its Government and Administration. Pakistan
Horizon, 313. Retrieved from jstor.org.

Reyes, J. (2014, July 10). Political Development of the Philippines. Retrieved from
SlideShare: https://www.slideshare.net/jhengrayn/political-development-of-the-
philippine-government

Second Philippine Republic. (2020, March 10). Retrieved from Wikipedia The Free
Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic

The Spaniards as Colonial Masters in the Philippines. (2020, January 11). Retrieved
from Philippine History: https://www.philippine-history.org/spanish-colonial-
masters.htm