Wright brothers

Orville Wright

Photo: 1903
Wilbur Wright

Photo: 1903
The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16,
1867 – May 30, 1912), were two Americans who are generally credited[1][2][3] with inventing and
building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and
sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, the
brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not
the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft
controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.

The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled
the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium.[4] This method became
standard and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds.[5][6] From the beginning of their
aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on unlocking the secrets of control to conquer
"the flying problem", rather than developing more powerful engines as some other experimenters
did. Their careful wind tunnel tests produced better aeronautical data than any before, enabling
them to design and build wings and propellers more effective than any before.[7][8] Their U.S.
patent 821,393 claims the invention of a system of aerodynamic control that manipulates a flying
machine's surfaces.[9]

They gained the mechanical skills essential for their success by working for years in their shop
with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles in
particular influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle like a flying machine could be
controlled and balanced with practice.[10] From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903,
they conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their bicycle shop
employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first aircraft
engine in close collaboration with the brothers.

The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by
various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators.

Toda people

The Toda mund, from, Richard Barron, 1837, "View in India, chiefly among the Nilgiri Hills'. Oil on
canvas.

The Toda people are a small pastoral community who live on the isolated Nilgiri plateau of
Southern India. Before the late 18th century, the Toda coexisted locally with other communities,
including the Badaga, Kota, and Kuruba, in a loose caste-like community organization in which
the Toda were the top ranking.[1] The Toda population has hovered in the range 700 to 900 during
the last century.[1] Although an insignificant fraction of the large population of India, the Toda
have attracted (since the late 18th century), "a most disproportionate amount of attention because
of their ethnological aberrancy"[1] and "their unlikeness to their neighbours in appearance,
manners, and customs."[1] The study of their culture by anthropologists and linguists would prove
important in the creation of the fields of Social Anthropology and Ethnomusicology.

The Toda traditionally live in settlements consisting of three to seven small thatched houses,
constructed in the shape of half-barrels and spread across the slopes of the pasture.[2] They
traditionally trade dairy products with their Nilgiri neighbour peoples.[2] Toda religion centres on
the buffalo; consequently, rituals are performed for all dairy activities as well as for the
ordination of dairymen-priests. The religious and funerary rites provide the social context in
which complex poetic songs about the cult of the buffalo are composed and chanted.[2] Fraternal
polyandry in traditional Toda society was fairly common; however, this has now largely been
abandoned. During the last quarter of the 20th century, some Toda pasture land was lost due to
agriculture by outsiders[2] or afforestation by the State Government of Tamil Nadu. This has
threatened to undermine Toda culture by greatly diminishing the buffalo herds; however during
the last decade both Toda society and culture have also become the focus of an international
effort at culturally sensitive environmental restoration.[3] The Toda lands are now a part of The
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO-designated International Biosphere Reserve and is under
consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage
Site.[4]

Naga people
The term Naga people (Burmese: Naka, Hindi: नागा) refers to a conglomeration of many tribes
inhabiting the North Eastern part of India who has similar cultures and traditions. Some of the
prominent Naga tribes are Anal, Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak,
Lotha, Mao (Memai), Maram, Pochury, Phom, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sema (Sumi),
Tangkhul (Wung), Yimchunger, Zeliang, etc.

There are 15 officially recognized tribes in the present State of Nagaland (a North Eastern Indian
State bordering Myanmar). The other Naga Tribes can be found in the contiguous adjoining
states of Manipur, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and across the border in Myanmar. Some of these
tribes are: Katcha, Laingmei, Mao (Memai), Anal, Maram, Nocte, Phom, Pochuri, Poumai,
Rongmei, Tangkhul (Wung), Tangsa, Tutsa, Wancho and Zemei.

The Naga tribes were headhunters.[1] They practised the tradition of headhunting and preserved
the heads of enemies as trophies.

Tumse hi tumse
Ab sekoi khushi nahi
Jiski tum wajah nahi
Ab se koi din nahi
Jiski tum subah nahi
Ab se koi baat nahi
Jo tumse na hogi shuru
Ab se koi raah nahi
Jo tum sang main na mudhoon
Abhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Abhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hai
Jab tum ho saath
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hain
Jab tum ho saath

I wait for a sign so I know your mind everyday

I look in the mirror and I see your face
The walls break down, down
When you smile at me
And the world's much brighter than the one I see.
www.lyricsmasti.com
As I wait for a sign so I know your mind everyday
I look in the mirror and I see your face
The walls break down, down
When you smile at me
And the world's much brighter than the one I see.

Sayaa, ban ke tera sayaa

Chaloonga sang tere
Hai tanha tu nahi
Payaa, abhi dhoond payaa
Tu jisme muskara de
Woh lamha kyun nahi
Aa thamloon tujhe ki thokrein mile jo zindagi ki raah mein
Chhupa loon dhoop se jahan ki main le loon aa tujhe panaah mein
Abhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Abhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hai
Jab tum ho saath
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hain
Jab tum ho saath
Anjaana tha ehmiyat se teri yaar mera guzra kal
Kab jaana tha tere vaaste hi aaj se hoga har pal
Main karta hoon yeh ilteja
Phir se jeene seekhle zaraAbhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Abhi ke abhi yeh ho gaya yakeen
Yeh zindagi meri ho gayee teri
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hai
Jab tum ho saath
Tumse hi tumse, har baat, har baat hain
Jab tum ho saath

I wait for a sign so I know your mind everyday

I look in the mirror and I see your face
The walls break down, down
When you smile at me
And the world's much brighter than the wanna one I see.
As I wait for a sign so I know your mind everyday
I look in the mirror and I see your face
The walls break down, down
When you smile at me
And the world's much brighter than the wanna one I see.

I feel good
Teri meri teri meri kahaani
Ek daastan nayi puraani
Chori chori yeh kahaani chali hai
Theheri thi jo tere aa jane tak

Teri meri teri meri kahaani

Ek daastan nayi puraani
Chori chori yeh kahaani chali hai
Theheri thi jo tere aa jane tak

Tere aane se maine jaane ke

Tu hi jeene ka hai bahana, and I
Don't know why
But I feel good
Tere aane se maine jaane ke
Har safar ho gaya suhana, and I
Don't know why,
But I feel good

Har disha, rastaa nayaa

Har kahin raahein nayi nayi
Meri raahein tujhe paake
Tujh pe hi tham gayee
Humsafar thi magar tu hi
Manzil ban gayee
Teri meri teri meri kahaani
Yeh raastein likhtey jaye bas

Tere aane se maine jaane ke

Tu hi jeene ka hai bahana, and I
Don't know why
But I feel good

Tere aane se maine jaane ke

Har safar ho gaya suhana, and I
Don't know why,
But I feel good
www.lyricsmasti.com
Roshni aisi mili
Raat ka chehra khila yahaan
Andhero se gile thhe jo
Maaf woh ho gaya
Thhe jo milne sheeshein dil ke
Saaf woh ho gaye

Teri meri teri meri kahaani

Jaise raat ko subha mil jaye bas

Tere aane se maine jaane ke

Tu hi jeene ka hai bahana, and I
Don't know why
But I feel good

Tere aane se maine jaane ke

Har safar ho gaya suhana, and I
Don't know why,
But I feel good