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Khalid Proposal
Khalid Proposal
Khalid Proposal
I do hereby solemnly declare that the Ideas / content presented in this Proposal are my own
and if any plagiarism is found in my work at any stage I will be responsible for the
consequences.
___________________
Signature of the Scholar
I have gone through the proposal presented by Mr. Khalid Shah. I have found it
workable for M.Phil thesis. I recommend that this proposal may be put before the next
meeting of the Board of Studies in English and ASRB for formal Approval.
English talkers hold solid instincts about adjective arrangements concerning the
grammaticality that go before things. Given the example that, a dark fine stallion would
sound odd, but * a fine dark stallion sounds usual. The researches made on this topic suggests
that when different unmistakable expressive words remain hung altogether earlier than a
esteem > size > measurement > different physical chattels > (Danks, 1972). It has been
contended specifically this pecking order mirrors lots of standards those that are altogether
hold involvement that descriptive words those that indicate objective, supreme, characteristic
assets of an elements, similar to shading (e.g., dark), will in general happen nearer to the
altered thing than adjectives that signify abstract, relativistic, setting delicate properties,
similar to esteem (e.g., fine Frawley1992, Hetzron 1978, Martin 1969a, 1969b, Martin and
Adjective
Definition 1
The concept of adjective has been based on the definition given by the traditional
grammars and all of the relevant dictionaries. According to these, an adjective is a unique
Definition 2
The adjective can be described as various levels in languages, mainly in morphosyntyax,
Types of adjectives
No Types Function
1 Descriptive Attributes or qualify animals, things or people.
2 Proper Modifies the noun in terms of nationality
3 Quantitative Modifies in noun in particular quantity
4 Numeral Modifies noun in quantity which is divided
plural.
6 Interrogative Modifies noun in the form of a question.
7 Possessive Expresses possession by someone or
The idea that the syntactic behaviour of words is connected with their meaning has
been the assumption behind research in different fields such as lexical semantics and
automatic clustering of words based on statistical methods. In particular much work has been
done to describe the relation between the semantic characteristics of verbs and their syntactic
patterns, among many Fillmore (1970) and Levin (1993), and to identify semantically similar
words from large text corpora on the basis of their linguistic and distributional properties, i.a.
Brown, della Pietra, de Souza, Lai & Mercer (1992), Pereira, Tishby & Lee (1993). Some
research has also been done to extract the semantic meaning of adjectives on the basis of their
co-occurrence with nouns, (Justeson & Katz 1993, Justeson &; Katz 1995, Hatzivassiloglou
The aim of this study is to explore the different classes of adjectives and how they can
be determined? We will also evaluate that how the patients having mental disorder by the
In this paper will evaluate past investigation's impediments. This will provide us a
research in more prominent profundity the sorts of neuroanatomical. This study will help us
to find the different classes of adjectives and also evaluate patients’ having mental disorder. It
will also help us in evaluate features of adjective and its meanings interacting with the
Objectives
To determine the features of adjective and its meanings interacting with the semantic
Questions
1. What are the different classes of adjectives and how they can be determined?
2. How can we evaluate the patients having mental disorder by the help of adjective
study?
Literature review
Justeson &; Katz (1993) describe a method for disambiguating adjective senses by the
nouns or the noun phrases they modify, using co-occurrences in large text corpora. They use
statistical inference methods for organizing and analyzing the collected material. Their
disambiguation method is based on the observation that certain nouns are strongly associated
with some of the adjectives that modify them. For example the adjective old means ‘‘not-
young” when combined with the noun ‘‘man”. But has the sense of ‘‘not-new” if occurring
with the noun ‘‘house”. Justeson and Katz disambiguate five common adjectives, hard, old,
light, right, short, on the basis of their co-occurrence with sense-specific antonyms referring
to opposite values of the same attribute (e.g. old-new, old-young). Justeson & Katz (1995)
investigate the semantic characteristics of the nouns which they used to disambiguate the five
adjectives (Justeson &; Katz 1993). Justeson and Katz find out that a few general semantic
features such as -h/- animate, -h/- concrete are sufficient to characterize the disambiguating
nouns. In the case of the adjective hard they also consider a syntactic construction in which
the adjective does not modify a nominal, i.e. it is hard/easy to do something. Hatzivassiloglou
according to their meaning in a parsed corpus as a first step towards the identification of
adjectival scales. Their hypothesis is that adjectives describing the same property often
modify the same set of nouns. The clustering method defined combines statistical techniques
and linguistic information and relies on two similarity modules. Hatzivassiloglou and
on the semantic orientation' of conjoined adjectives extracted from a large corpus. They
combine statistical methods with morphological knowledge. We follow the assumption that
there is a connection between the syntactic behaviour and the meaning of words. Although
we agree with Levin (1993) that ‘‘verb meaning is a key to verb behaviour”, in this paper we
go the other way round, i.e. from the syntactic behaviour of words we derive some of their
the syntactic encodings of a corpus-based NLP lexicon to extract clusters of semantic related
verbs and adjectives. Extracting semantic information from machine readable dictionaries has
been the object of much research, i.a. (Vossen, Meijs & den Breeder 1989), (Wilks, Fass,
Guo, McDonald, Plate Slator 1989). Because we use an NLP lexicon, the data is already
extracted adjectives and verbs sharing the same syntactic pattern in a corpus-based Danish
NLP lexicon, the LE-PAROLE lexicon, and we have investigated to which extent the
constructions are common to a great number of adjectives and verbs, such as the simple
attributive and/or predicative adjectival construction and the divalent verbal construction,
these patterns cannot be used to cluster them. Instead we have extracted adjectives and verbs
complements and verbal meaning has been widely studied, i.a. (Brent 1991, Levin 1993), the
obtained clusters can be compared with semantic groups identified in the literature. Less
Research Methodology
Research Design
This research is an explorative research to find the forms and types of adjectives. The
researcher will get both quantitative and qualitative data through this design. Besides, the
present study will be conducted by applying both quantitative approach and qualitative
approach. Numerical data and theoretical materials for the study will be provided by
The sample of the study will be collected from the students of English language as they have
Research Instrument
Research instruments would be the content written by different English literature writers
Data will be gathered from recordings of the given words, phrases, and sentences. The focus
After collecting the data, appropriate statistical procedures will be applied for the analysis of
the data. And for qualitative research content analysis will be applied.
References
Danks, J. H., & S. Glucksberg (1971). Psychological scaling of adjective order. Journal of
Danks, J. H., & M. A. Schwenk (1972). Prenominal adjective order and communication
Gries, St. Th. (2001). A Corpus-linguistic analysis of -ic and -ical adjectives. ICAME
Lockhart, R. S., & J. E. Martin (1969). Adjective order and the recall of adjective-noun
Ney, J. W. (1983). Optionality and choice in the selection of order of adjectives in English.