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to control all power flow parameters (i.e. line impedance, bus ∆Qi = QSVC (4)
voltage, and phase angle). Power flow can be controlled and • UPFC
optimized by changing power system parameters using Two types of UPFC models have been reported [28-31]. One
FACTS devices. So optimal choice and allocation of FACTS is coupled model [28] and other is decoupled model [29-31].
devices can result in suitable utilization in power system. In the first type, UPFC is modeled with series combination of
B. Mathematical Model of FACTS Devices a voltage source and impedance in the transmission line. In
decoupled model, UPFC is modeled with two separated buses.
In this paper steady state model of FACTS devices are
First model is more complex compared with the second one
developed for power flow studies. So TCSC is modeled
because modification of Jacobian matrix in coupled model is
simply to just modify the reactance of transmission line. SVC
inevitable. While decoupled model can be easily implemented
and UPFC are modeled using the power injection models [22-
in conventional power flow algorithms without modification
of Jacobian matrix elements, in this paper, decoupled model
has been used for modeling UPFC in power flow study (Fig.
2)
Fig. 1 Considered FACTS Devices (a) TCSC (b) SVC (c) UPFC III. SECURITY INDEX
The security index for contingency analysis of power system
is expressed as follows [32-33]:
24]. Models integrated into transmission line for TCSC and 2
JV = ∑ wi Vi − Vref ,i (7)
UPFC and SVC is modeled and incorporated into the bus as i
shunt element of transmission line. Mathematical models for Sj
FACTS devices are implemented by MATLAB programming J P = ∑ wj ( )2 (8)
language. j S j , amx
• TCSC Where:
TCSC acts as the capacitive or inductive compensator by Vi , wi are Voltage amplitude and associated weighting factor
modifying reactance of transmission line. This changes line for ith bus respectively,
flow due to change in series reactance. In this paper TCSC is
S j , w j are Apparent power and associated weighting factor for
modeled by changing transmission line reactance as below:
X ij = X line + X TCSC (2) jth line respectively,
X TCSC = rTCSC . X line (3)
Where X line is reactance of transmission line and rTCSC is
compensation factor of TCSC. Rating of TCSC is depended
on transmission line where it is located. To prevent
overcompensation, TCSC reactance is chosen between
−0.7 X line to 0.2 X line [26-27].
• SVC
SVC can be used for both inductive and capacitive
compensation. In this paper SVC is modeled as an ideal
reactive power injection at bus i :
Fig. 2 Decoupled model for UPFC
163
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Vref ,i is Nominal voltage magnitude which is assumed to be
1pu for all load buses (i.e. PQ buses) and to be equal to
specified value for generation buses (i.e. PV buses) ans
S j ,max is Apparent power nominal rate of jth line or ransformer
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
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TABLE .1: SIMULATION RESULTS OF DIFFERENT CASES
Losses
Scenario JP JV Cost ($)
(MVA)
1 3.45 24.2 - 28.36
2 3.39 19.6 9197500 22.51
3 3.33 19.1 4521600 26.3
4 3.21 16.4 8501600 23.09
5 3.09 10.5 27897000 20.49
Fig 5: Performance index evolution (best and average fitnesses in every iteration)
Simulation studies were done for different scenarios in IEEE was presented. Simulation of IEEE 30 bus test system for
30 bus power system. Five different scenarios are considered: different scenarios shows that the placement of Multi-type
• Scenario1: power system normal operation (without FACTS devices leads to improvement in security and
FACTS devices installation). reduction in losses of power system.
• Scenario 2: one TCSC is installed
• Scenario 3: one SVC is installed REFERENCES
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VII. BIOGRAPHYIES
with unified-power-flow controller at suitable locations under network
contingencies of interconnected systems”, Generation, Transmission and Hamid Reza Baghaee received the BSc degree in
Distribution, IEE Proceedings- Volume 152, Issue 5, 9 Sept. 2005, pp.682 - Electrical Engineering from Kashan University in
690 2006. Currently he is graduate student of Power
[14] K.S. Verma, S.N.Singh, and H.O. Gupta, “Location of Unified Power Engineering in Amirkabir University of
Flow Controller for Congestion Management”, Electric Power System Technology. His research interests are power
Research, 2001, Vol. 58, pp 89-96, system dynamic and control, HVDC & FACTS
[15] S.Gerbex, R. Chekaoui, A.J.Germond, “Optimal Location of Multi-type devices, Distributed Generation (DG), power
FACTS Devices in a Power System be Means of Genetic Algorithm”,IEEE market and application of Artificial Intelligence in
Trans, Power Systems, Vol. 16, , Agoust. 200 , pp. 537-544. power systems.
[16] Gerbex, S.; Cherkaoui, R.; Germond, A.J, “Optimal location of FACTS
devices to enhance power system security”, Power Tech Conference
Saeed Jazebi was born in 1983. He received the B.S
Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Bologna Vol. 3, 23-26 June 2003 pp. 1-7.
degree in electrical engineering from Shahid Bahonar
[17] L.J.Cai and Erlich, “Optimal choice and allocation of FACTS devices in
University, Kerman, Iran. He is working toward his
deregulated electricity market using genetic algorithms”, Power Systems
the M.S degree in electrical engineering at Amirkabir
Conference and Exposition, 2004. IEEE PES 10-13 Oct. 2004 pp. 201 - 207
University, Tehran, Iran. His field of interest includes
vol.1
distribution system planning, optimization techniques
[18] J. Baskaran, V. Palanisamy,“ Genetic Algorithm applied to Optimal
and high voltage.
Location of FACTS Device in a Power System Network considering economic
saving cost”, Academic Open Internet Journal , 2005,Vol 15,pp. 1-3
[19]J.M. Ramirez and G.A. Marin, "Alleviating congestion of an actual power Behrooz Vahidi (M’ 2000, SM’ 2004) was born in
system by genetic algorithms", Power Engineering Society General Afeeting, Abadan, Iran in 1953. He received the B.S. in electrical
2004. IEEE, 6-10 June 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 2133-2141. engineering from Sharif University of Technology,
[20] H.C.Leung and T.S.chung Optimal power flow with a versatile FACTS Tehran, Iran in 1980 and M.S. degree in electrical
controller by Genetic algorithm approach.proceeding of the 5th international engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology,
conference on advances in power system control,operation and Tehran, Iran in 1989. He also received his Ph.D. in
management,APSCOM 2000 october,pp.178-183. electrical engineering from UMIST, Manchester, UK in
[21] T.K.MOK, Haoming Liu, Yixin Ni, Felix F. Wu, Ron Hui, "Tuning the 1997. From 1980 to 1986 he worked in the field of high
fuzzy damping controller for UPFC through genetic algorithm with voltage in industry as chief engineer. From 1989 to
comparison to the gradient descent training" Int. J Electrical power and energy present he has been with the department of electrical
systems, Vol 27, 2005 pp. 275-283. engineering of Amirkabir University of Technology where he is now an
[22] Gerbex,R.cherkaoui, and A.J.Germond, “Optimal location of multi-type associate professor. His main fields of research are high voltage, electrical
FACTS devices in a power system by means of genetic algorithm.”IEEE insulation, power system transient, lightning protection and pulse power
Trans. power system, vol.16, pp.537-544, August 2001. technology. He has authored and co-authored over 120 papers and five books
[23] J. Cai and I. Erlich, “Optimal choice and allocation of FACTS devices on high voltage engineering and power system.
using genetic algorithms”IEEE Trans, Power system pp, 1-6.
[24] K. S. Verma, S. N. Singh and H. O. Gupda, “Location of unified power Seyyed Hossein Hosseinian was born in 1961 in Iran.
flow controller for congestion management”, Electric power system research He received both the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the
Vol 58, 2001, pp. 89-96,. Electrical Eng. Dept. of Amirkabir University of
[25] H.C.Leung and T.S.chung Optimal power flow with a versatile FACTS technology, Iran, in 1985, and 1988, respectively, and
controller by Genetic algorithm approach.proceeding of the 5th international PhD degree in Electrical Engineering Dept, university of
conference on advances in power system control,operation and Newcastle England, 1995. At the present, he is the
management,APSCOM 2000 ,pp.178-183. assistant Professor of Electrical engineering Department
[26] T.T.Lie and W. Deng,”Optimal flexible AC transmission systems in Amirkabir University of technology (AUT). His
(FACTS) devices allocations”, Electrical power and energy system, 1997, Vol especial fields of interest include transient in power systems, Power Quality,
19, pp. 125-134,. Restructuring and Deregulation in power systems. He is the author of four
[27] J.Baskaran, V.Palanisamy,”Optimal Location of FACTS Device in a books in the field of power systems. He is also the author and the coauthor of
Power System Network Considering Power Loss using Genetic Algorithm” over eighty technical papers.
EE-Pub on line journal, march 7,2005.www.eepub.com.
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for Optimal Power Flow Control", IEEE Trans. on power delivery, Vol. 12, He received B.S. in electrical engineering from Isfahan
No. 4, October 1997, pp. 1629-1634. University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran in 2006.
[29] S. H. Kim, J. U. Lim, S. II. Moon, "Enhancement of Power System Currently, he is a graduate student of power
Security Level Through the Power Control of UPFC", IEEE con, 2000, pp. 38- engineering the department of electrical engineering of
43. a Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
[30] T. H. Kim, J. Ch. Seo, J. U. Lim, S. Moon, J. K. Park, B. M. Han, "A His main fields of research are power system transient,
Decoupled Unified Power Flow Controller Model for Power Flow Considering Digital protection of power system and power system
Limit Resolution", IEEE 1998, pp. 1190-1195. modeling.
[31] J. U. Lim, S. I. Moon, "An Operation Scheme of UPFC's Considering
Operation Objective and States", IEEE 2002, pp. 610-615.
[32] Atif S. Debs, Modem Power Systems Control and Operation,
KluwerAcademic Publishers, ppl19-122, 1988.
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Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp430-432,1996
166
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