A Thesis Proposal

Presented to Mr. SHEM CEDEÑO

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY – BUUG CAMPUS
Datu Panas, Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Course of
EDUC 198 (Introduction to Research)

MA. JECYL AZUCENA

June 2018
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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

K 12 Curriculum: It’s benefits and problems encountered by the Grade 12 students

Of MSU- BC

A recent change in the Philippines’ educational system was implemented starting in

2011. The K-12 curriculum was signed into law back in 2013, adding three years to the country’s

basic education curriculum.

The new curriculum guide requires all Filipino students to have one year of kindergarten,

six years of elementary schooling (grades 1 to 6), four years of junior high school (grades 7 to

10), and two years of senior high school (grades 11 to 12) (Uyquiengco, M., 2018)

Daquioag, J. (2012) believed that one of the greatest reforms in the Philippine

Educational System today is the implementation of the K to 12 program.

The enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program seeks to provide for a quality 12 – year

basic education program that each Filipino is entitled to. This is incognizance with Article IV

Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which states that: “The state shall establish,

maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the

needs of the people and society”.

This curriculum is designed to enable graduates to join the workforce right after high

school, and suitably prepare those who want to go on to higher education.

The new curriculum will also support college graduates seeking work abroad. Developed

countries, according to the Department of Education’s (DepEd) briefer, “view the 10-year

education cycle as insufficient.”

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

All in all, the enhanced K to 12 Curriculum is designed to provide a holistic education for

all. Now decongested, it will give students ample time to master basic academic skills as well as

to participate in co-curricular and community activities (Uyquiengco, M., 2018)

This curriculum aims to provide every Filipino child with the education he/she needs to

compete in a global context. Aquino states that the K-12 program will pave the way for an ever

brighter future for young Filipinos by equipping them with basic education up to international

standards.” This study is design to find out the k12 curriculum, the benefits that they yield and

the common problems encountered by the grade twelve students of Mindanao State University -

Buug Campus.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Benefits and Problems

K-12 Curriculum encountered by the Grade 12
students in MSU-BC

Figure 1 shows the paradigm which this study is premise that the independent variable is

the K-12 Curriculum while the dependent variables are the benefits and problems encountered by

the Grade 12 students in MSU-BC

This study was conducted to determine the benefits and problems encountered by the

Grade 12 students of MSU-BC on the K-12 Curriculum.

In addition it aspires to name some common benefits and problems met by the

respondents more specifically it focused on answering the following question:

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

What is K-12 curriculum? What are the common benefits yields from studying K12 Curriculum

in MSU BC? What are the common problems that the Grade 12 students of MSU-BC encounter

in K-12 curriculum? What are the benefits of K-12 Curriculum to the Grade 12 students of MSU-

BC? What are the problems encountered by the Grade 12 students of MSU-BC on the K-12

Curriculum? Is there significant differences between the benefits and problems encountered by

the Grade 12 students of MSU-BC on the K- 12 Curriculum?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant benefits and problems on the K-12 Curriculum to the Grade 12

students of MSU-BC.

Ha: There is a significant benefits and problems on the K-12 Curriculum to the Grade 12

students of MSU-BC.

This study would be beneficial to the following:

To the teachers, the study would give them valuable insights regarding the benefits and

problems with the K-12 Curriculum.

To the students, this study would give them better understanding on the K-12 curriculum.

To the school administration, this study would enable them to realize the benefits and the

problems in K-12 curriculum. As such, it would give them ideas on how to enhance the

implementation of this curriculum that would develop the competencies and skills of the

students.To other researcher, this study will serve as their guide.

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

This study mainly focused on the benefits and problems encountered by the Grade 12

students of MSU-BC on the K-12 Curriculum.

The target respondents of this research are the grade 12 students who are currently

enrolled in MSU BC. The researcher set three enumerated strands such as the

STEM, ABM, HUMSS.

In order for the readers to clearly understand the study, the following words were
defined properly:

K-12 Curriculum refers to the combination of primary and secondary education that

children receive from kindergarten until 12th grade, typically starting at age s 4-6 and continuing

through ages 17-19. 

Grade 12 Students is the final year of secondary school. It is typically the last year

of high school; graduation year.

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students may

choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career

track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects

fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Senior High

School (SHS) covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes Grades 11 and 12. In

SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their choice

(http://k12philippines.com). The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic

education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of

Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills,
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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

Developed life learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills

development, employment, and entrepreneur ship.  Each student in Senior High School can

choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts.

The Academic track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business Management (ABM);

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering,

Mathematics (STEM).  Students undergo immersion, which may include earn-while-you-learn

opportunities, to provide them relevant exposure and actual experience in their chosen

track (http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/).

The benefits of the K to 12 program far outweigh the additional costs that will be

incurred by both government and families as cited by Daquioag, J. (2012).

To individual and families:

1.) An enhanced curriculum will decongest academic workload, giving students more

time to master competencies and skills as well as time for other learning opportunities beyond

the classroom, thus allowing for a more holistic development.

2.) Graduate will possess competencies and skills relevant to the job market. The

program was designed to adjust and meet the fast changing demands of society to prepare

graduates with skills essential for the world of work.

3.) Graduates will be prepared for higher education. Due to an enhanced curriculum that

will provide relevant content and attuned with the changing needs of time, basic education will

ensure sufficient mastery of core subjects to its graduates much that graduates may opt to pursue

higher education if they choose to.

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

4.) Graduates will be able to earn higher wages and/or better prepared to start their own

business.

There is a strong correlation between educational attainment and wage structure and

studies specific to the Philippine setting show that an additional year of schooling increases

earnings by 7.5 %. This should also allow greater access to higher education for self – supporting

students.

5.) Graduates could now be recognized abroad, Filipino graduates eg. Engineers,

architects, doctors, etc., could now be recognized as professionals in other countries. 

Across the country, schools are adopting new approaches to teaching and learning in

order to prepare students for life in a technology-rich world. On Fancisco, A., (2015)’s blog the

following were found to be challenging entitled “Identifying the Top Four Challenges in K-12

Education”:

1.Creating opportunities for authentic learning;

2.Supporting students’ non-cognitive and social-emotional skill development;

3.Fostering deeper learning; and

4.Supporting students’ ability to solve real world math problems.

Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. However, our

current education system hinders us from becoming even more competitive. Starting in the 2012-

2013 school year, the education system of the Philippines was enhanced from the ten years of

basic education to a 12-year program through an initiative called the K-12 Education Plan

sponsored by the Department of Education (https://hubpages.com/education).

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

In the study of Manalo, K. (2011) entitled “Perception of parents of the parents of the

students affected by the additional two years in basic education conclude that the most important

contribution of the program to the students is to improve their abilities and revolutionized the

Philippines in terms of educational attainment.

The K-12 program offers a decongested 12-year program that gives students sufficient

time to master skills and absorb basic competencies. The K-12 program accelerates mutual

recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries (K-12 Philippines, 2015)

According to Daquioag, J. (2012), the enhanced K to 12 Basic Education System will

contribute to the development of emotionally and intellectually mature individuals capable of

pursuing productive employment and entrepreneurship or higher education disciplines.

In the near future, the smooth transition from the existing 10 - year education cycle to the

K to 12 basic education cycle will produce holistically developed Filipino learners with

21st century skills, which they can use to become productive and responsible citizens of the

country.

Method

The research method used in this study was descriptive method design .A descriptive

method design was used since the researchers aimed to draw information on responses that

should be made using a questioner-checklist to the students to determine the K-12 curriculum, it

problems and benefits in MSU BC.

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

This study will be conducted at Mindanao State University- Buug Campus located at

Datu Panas, Buug Zamboanga Sibugay. It is one of the autonomous campuses of the Mindanao

State University-Buug Campus and is about 750 meter from the national highway. It is the eight

autonomous campus of the MSU System that caters student enrollees in College, Junior and

Senior high. Having K to 12 program implemented, the university has its senior high last

school year 2016-2017 wherein three strands are offered: the HUMMS (Humanities and Social

Sciences),STEM (Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) and ABM

(Accountancy, Business Management).

The participants of this study are 30 Grade XII (HUMSS, STEM, ABM) students of

Mindanao State University - Buug Campus school year 2018-2019.

The researcher will use a self-constructed questioner checklist to gather data for the

study. The data gathering will be divided into two parts. First is the strand that they are into and

the second is the benefits and problems they encountered in K-12 curriculum. The questioner

will be checked and validated by the competent professors. The respondents will answer the

three item test with the following scale and its equivalent: strongly agree (5), Agree (4)

Uncertain (3), Disagree (2) and strongly disagree (1).

To support this instrument, the researchers will also distribute ten interview forms with

five questions to ten randomly selected respondents.

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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF MSU- BC

References

Aquino III, B. (2010). Discussion Paper. Retrieved September 26, 2011 from http:// www.

Deped.gov.ph

Cruz, Isagani (2010) Implementation of K to 12, Mini Critique, The Philippine Star. (Retrieved

May 2013 from: http://www.philstar.com).

Daquioag, J., (2012). K to 12 Curriculum: Its Goals and Benefits to the Filipino Learner and

Community. Digital Promise. http://jgdaquioagsr.blogspot.com/2012/07/k-to-12-curriculum-its-

goals-and.html

Francisco, A., (2015) Identifying the Top Four Challenges in K-12 Education

Manalo, K. (2012). “Enhance K-12 program as perceived by the parents of the Grade Six Pupils

of Baao district, Baao Camarines Sur.” Camarines Sur.

Uyquiengco, M., (2018). Benefits of the K-12 curriculum for Filipino students. The Asian parent

Philippines. https://ph.theasianparent.com/advantages-new-k-12-curriculum.

Australia, Philippines launch a new education research partnership” (Retrieved May 2013 from:

http://www.mindanews.com).

“Bruner’s Theory of Instruction” (Retrieved 2013 from:

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/bruner.htm).

“Constructivist Theoretical Framework of Bruner” (Retrieved 2013 from

http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/constructivism.html.).
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K12 CURRICULUM: IT’S BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE
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“Education in the Philippines” (Retrieved May 2013 from: http://en.wikipedia.org).

“Professional Development System”, (San Diego Institute for Learning,

URFMP25SchoolPrograms.pdf).

“Scandura’s Structural Learning Theory” (Retrieved 2013 from:

http://www.scandura.com/Articles/SLT%20Status-Perspectives.PDF). “The Four Phases of the K

to 12 Program” (Retrieved July 2013 from: http://en.wikipedia.org). “The Implementation of K

to 12 Program” (Retrieved May 2013 from: http://cianeko.hubpages.com).

http://k12philippines.com

https://ph.theasianparent.com/advantages-new-k-12-curriculum

https://hubpages.com/education

http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/