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C M Y K
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tYo 9fs5f]k ug{ vf]lhG5 . clg, hfkfgL /
lrlgof“ efiffsf hl6nt/ lrqfTds cIf/ ;d]t
s]6fs]6Ln] v]nL v]nL l;ls/xs ] f x'G5g\ eGg]
j:tt' Yo gsf//]  …ljBfyL{n] ;+oS' t cIf/ l;Sg
;St}gg\, To;}n] ltgsf] v'§f sf6\g nufOPsf] xf]Ú
elgG5 .
3fts c;/
lxHh]dflysf] ;'lgof]lht x:tIf]kn]
lgDTofPsf ;d:of g]kfnL efiffnfO{ tfTsflns
/ b"/ufdL b'j} b[li6n] Hofb} 3fts c;/ kfg]{
vfnsf 5g\  . o;n] xfd|f] efiffnfO{ IfoLs/0ftkm{
ws]Ng] sfd dfq u/s ] f] 5  . h:t} M
l ;/ntfsf] ;:tf] / e|dk"0f{ gf/f lb+b}
g]kfnL zAbsf] lxHh]nfO{ emg\ emg\ hl6n,
cJojl:yt, cGof]nu|:t / c/fhs
agfp“b} nu]sf] 5  . sdhf]/L / c1fgnfO{
g} ljz]iftf, df}lnstf / dfgssf ¿kdf
JofVof ul/Psf] kmn:j¿k …tT;dÚ
zAbnfO{ klg cz'l4sf] af9Ln] 5f]Kg] qmd
z'¿ eO;s]sf] 5  .
l j0f{ljGof;sf gfddf ul/Psf] j0f{ljgfzn]
…pRrfo{ j0f{dfnfÚ sf] gfddf bh{geGbf
a9L j0f{ ;dfKt kf/s ] f] dfq 5}g, eflifs
cleJolStnfO{ ;6Ls Pj+ k|efjf]Tkfbs
agfpg] ltgsf] Wjlg;Dkbfaf6 ;d]t
g]kfnLnfO{ ;bfsf nflu jl~rt ug]{k|k~r
rnfPsf] 5  . o;n] ljb]zL efiff l;Sg /
pgLx¿;“u bf]xf]/f] s'/fsfgL tyf k|lt:kwf{
ug{ g]kfnLnfO{ cIfd agfpg]5  .
l ;+oQ' m cIf/nfO{ v'§f sf6]/ n]Vg] cfb]zn]
n]vfOnfO{ lj¿k, ljs[t / emGeml6nf] t
agfPs} 5, b]jgfu/L lnlksf] cIf/fTds
rl/qdfly klg cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] 5  . o;n]
cGttM :j/ / Jo~hgnfO{ klg 5'6ØfP/
n]Vg'kg]{ s'ts{nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ub}{ b]jgfu/L
lnlksf] 7fp“df /fd] g lnlknfO{ :yflkt
ug]5 {   .
l s'g} klg hLjGt efiff kl/isf/, kl/z4' tf,
lj:tf/ / pbf/tftkm{ cled'v eP/ g}
ljsf;sf]af6f]df  cl3 a9\5 . eflifs
cu|udgsf] k|jl[ Q oxL xf]  . lxHh]dflysf]
x:tIf]kn] o;nfO{ pN6fP/ g]kfnL efiffnfO{
k|ltudgtkm{ ws]ns ] f] 5  . ;+sr ' g /
;+sL0f{tflt/ 8f]¥ofp“b} efiffaf6 eflifsf
aGg] lbzfdf 3r]6s ] f] 5  .
l cGt/fl{ i6«o kmnsdf, o;n] g]kfn / g]kfn
aflx/sf] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ Ps–csf{sf
nflu la/fgf] agfp“b} nu]sf] 5  . g]kfnsf]
g]kfnL n]vgn] dfgstf u'dfPsf] 7x/
u//]  ef/tLo g]kfnLx¿ cfkm\gf] 5'§} g]kfnL
dfgs zAbsf]z agfpg] pkqmddf h'6s
5g\  . c¿lt/sf g]kfnLn] klg ToxL af6f]
kqmg] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5  . ;fdlos
kmnsdf, lxhf];Dd n]lv+b} cfPsf zAbsf]
lxHh] ank"js { km]//]  clg eljiodf s'g}
klg xfntdf ;j{:jLsfo{ x'g} g;Sg] lxHh]
nfb]/ g]kfnL efiffnfO{ e"t / eljio
b'ja} f6 cnUofPsf] 5  . hftLo–ef}uf]lns
kmnsdf, ;du| t/fO{ If]qaf6 k|s6 ¿kdf
/ hghfltx¿af6 ck|s6 ¿kdf g]kfnL
efiffnfO{ k[ys\ agfPsf]5 .
l o;n] afnaflnsfdf kf7Øk':tseGbf
aflx/sf] ;du| g]kfnL jfª\dok|lt
la/fgf]kg / t'R5tf–efj tyf cfh;Ddsf
;du| n]vs–;flxTosf/x¿k|lt cjd"Nog–
efj hGdfpg]5  . ;fy}, ;+;f/e/ z'4
¿kdf n]lvg]–af]lng] zAbx¿ g]kfnLdf
cz'4 ¿kdf n]Vg'–af]Ng'kbf{ g]kfnL
efiffk|lt ljt[i0ff tyf xLgtfaf]w k}bf
ug]5 {   .
l lxHh] lg/Gt/ laufb}{ n}hfg] s'rqmsf
sf/0f, hLjge/ g]kfnLdf n]Vt} cfPsf
k|ltli7t n]vs, ;flxTosf/, kqsf/
;d]t o; h'gLdf z'4 g]kfnL n]Vg g;Sg]
cj:yfdf k'us ] f 5g\  . …d z'4 g]kfnL n]Vg
;S5'Ú eGg ;Sg] lzlIft g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof
ca cfwf k|ltzt klg af“sL 5}g . o:tf]
ePkl5 efiffsf] eljio s] xf]nf  <
l lxHh]sf] e"tn] uf“hk] l5 snd zAb}lkR5]
c8\lsg yfN5, dgsf s'/f dgd} x/fp“5g\,
n]Vg] pT;fx d//]  hfG5  . lxHh]df nflbPsf]
eb|uf]nsf sf/0f slt k|ltef kmqmg' cufj}
cf]OnfP / slt pTs[i6 s[ltx¿af6 g]kfnL
jfª\do jl~rt x'gk' ¥of]— o;sf] n]vfhf]vf
s;n] ug] { <
l g]kfnL efiff cGo /fli6«o efiffx¿dfly
xfaL eof] eGg] u'gf;f] cfh b]zsf ;a}h;f]
;d'bfodf JofKt 5  . of] u'gf;f] j:tt' M
g]kfnL efiffk|lt geP/ /fHok|lt nlIft xf]
/ /fhgLlts k|sl[ tsf] xf]  . efiffsf ¿kdf
g]kfnLnfO{ ;a}n] v'nf lbnn] :jLsf/s ] }
5g\  . t/ d}lynL, cjwL, ef]hk'/L, alHhsf,
g]jf/L, /fO{, lnDa", tfdfª, du/, z]kf{, u'?ª
cflb /fli6«o efiffx¿af6 g]kfnLdf cfPsf
/ eljiodf cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;d]t lxHh]sf]
lgx'd“ f c+ue+u / lj¿kLs/0f ug]{ of] x7n]
tdfd /fli6«o efiffefifLx¿sf] dgdf ;f]em}
rf]6 k'¥ofpg] sfd ub}5 { / g]kfnL efiffk|lt
g} gsf/fTds efjgf hufpg dGbljifsf]
e"ldsf v]ln/xs ] f] 5  .
;dfj]lztf, pbf/tf / ;a} efiffsf] cl:dtf
tyf klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg g]kfnL efiffsf] g};lu{s
k|jl[ Q xf] . t/o; pGdfbn]To; k|jl[ QnfO{
anft\ Wj+; u//]  g]kfnL efiffdf hfltjfbL–
;fDk|bflos dfgl;stf af]ss ] f], zf;sLo
cx+sf/n] u|:t, ;fdGtL rl/q cf/fl] kt ug]5 {   .
/fli6«o efiffx¿k|lt x]kfxf / ckdfghgs
Jojxf/ ug]{ o:tf] k|jl[ Qn] hftLo tyf ef}uf]lns
;d'bfox¿df g]kfnL efiffk|lt ckgTjsf] efj
;dfKt ub}{ k[ystfsf] efj dfq xf]Og, å]if /
3[0ff ;d]t a9fpg] sfd ug]5 { — h;n] /fli6«o
Pstfdf Hofb} ulx/f] cf3ft kfg]5 {   .
;lqmotfsf] vf“rf]
;f“lRrs} eofjx 5g\ / x'g5 ] g\ oL c;/x¿  .
t/ xfdLdf yf]/} dfq klg ljj]s, efiffk|d] /
st{Joaf]w hfUg] xf] eg] logaf6 d'lQm kfpg
k6Ss} ufx|f] 5}g  . lsgeg], oL c;/x¿sf] hgs
efiffdflysf] x:tIf]k xf], hf] :jo+df cglws[t
5, cj}w 5  . lsgeg], efiffdfly x:tIf]k ug]{
clwsf/ s'g} efiffzf:qL, Jofs/0fsf/, lzIfs,
k|f1, s'g} ;+:yf, ljZjljBfno, Ps]8d] L, ;/sf/,
;+;b s;}nfO{ x'b“ g . } g PSn}, g t ;+oS' t jf
;j{;Ddt ¿kdf g} .
h'g sfo{ cglws[t xf], Tof] :jtM ab/efuL
x'G5  . To;}n] lxHh]sf gfddf ul/Psf pko'S{ t
x:tIf]kx¿ ljgf s'g} ts{–ljts{ :jtM ab/
] f x'gk' 5{  . lxHh]sf] cGToxLg lsrnf] p7fP/
To;}sf] n'tf]sGofOdf cfkm\gf] JolQmTj / cl:tTj
cl8Psf] 7fGg]x¿sf nflu of] s'/f kL8fbfoL x'g
;S5 . ;+oS' t cIf/sf v'§f sf6\g] cfb]z lj?4
efiff k|of]ustf{x¿sf] cfqmf]z r'lnPkl5 cfh
k/:k/ jQmJoafhL ul//xs ] f k|f1–k|fWofksx¿
lxHh]sf] lsrnf] sfod /fVg lxhf] em}+ ef]ln
cs:dft\ Ps 7fp“df pleg klg ;S5g\ . t/
k|of]ustf{x¿ clnslt hfu¿s / ;lqmo x'g]
xf] eg] lxHh]dflysf] cglws[t x:tIf]k lkmtf{
geO{ ;'v} 5}g  . To;kl5 g]kfnL efiff lxHh]sf]
bL3{/fu] af6 :jtM d'St x'g5 ] / ljgf s'g} cj/fw]
;nNn cl3 a9\g5 . ] != x|:j–bL3{, z–if–; M
tkfO{n + fO{ nfUnf, of]t cln clt/l+ ht
sNkgf eof] ls  < t/ xf]Og  . o;sf] k|df0f :jo+
cglws[t x:tIf]kx¿ g} x'g \ . tkfO{n + fO{ yfx} 5,
cf}krfl/s g]kfnL efiffdf tLg–rf}yfOeGbf a9L
:yfg cf]ul6/xs ] f tT;d ;+:st[ zAbx¿dfly
o:tf] x:tIf]k ug]{ lxDdt cfh;Dd s;}n]
h'6fpg ;s]sf] 5}g  . To;}n] ltgsf] lxHh]df
s'g} cGof]n, ;d:of, c;xhtf, ljjfb cyjf
c/fhstf b]vf k/s ] f] 5}g— oBlk lxHh]sf b[li6n]
;a}eGbf hl6n zAb ;+:st[ s} x'g \ . tL cfkm\gf]
JolQmTj / ;f}Gbo{sf ;fy ;nNn aUb} cfPsf
5g\ / g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ul/df k|bfg ul//xs ] f
5g\ .
lxHh] ;DaGwL h]hlt lsrnf], ef“8e}nf] /
bL3{/fu] 5 Tof] ;+:st[ afx]s cGo efiffaf6
cfPsf, cf}krfl/s g]kfnL efiffdf Ps–
rf}yfOeGbf lgs} sd :yfg dfq cf]u6\g]
zAbx¿dfly ul/Psf] cy{xLg x:tIf]ksf] kl/0ffd
xf]— oBlk t'ngfTds ¿kdf logsf] lxHh] lgs}
;/n / kf/bzL{ 5, sxL+ s'g} ;d:o} 5}g  . ca
tkfO{+ :jo+ eGg'xf];,\ cglws[t x:tIf]k lkmtf{
x'gf;fy g]kfnL efiff ljgf s'g} cj/fw] ;nNn
cl3 a9\nf ls ga9\nf < slt ;Grf]cg'ej unf{
g]kfnL efiffn] To;j]nf  <
olt :ki6 / kf/bzL{ s'/fdf klg s'ts{
t]:of{pb“ } sf]xL cufl8 cfp“5 / …of] d]/f] lktfhLn]
vg]sf] Ogf/ xf], To;}n] g'lgn} kfgL vfg'k5{Ú
sf] kf/fdf cglws[t x:tIf]knfO{ g} sfod
ug]{dg;'af k|s6 u5{ eg]5n{u+ x'g5— ] pm
;d:of–;dfwfgdf ;xof]uL x'g rflx/xs ] f] 5}g,
To;}n] :jo+ ;d:ofsf] c+u xf]  . g]kfnL efiffn]
p;af6 klg d'lQm vf]lh/xs ] f] 5  .
cfTdfnf]rgf
lxHh]d flysf] x:tIf]k d"ntM em/fj{] fbL
pu|tfsf] pkh xf]  . …;:+ st[ –Ot/ zAbdf x|:j
Osf/–psf/ dfq / kftnf] ; dfq /fVg]Ú o;sf]
;f/fz
+ xf]  . ToxL em/fj{] fbL cfGbf]ngsf d'Vo
cleoGtf k|f= afns[i0f kf]v/n ] cfh pRr:j/df
eGb}x'gx' G' 5 M p;j]nf -^) jif{ cl3_ eflifs
o'4sfn lyof]  . To;}n] pu|tfsf] gLlt lnOPsf]
lyof]  . clxn] To;sf] cfjZostf 5}g  . -;]tf]kf6L
86 sd, @& ebf}, @)&#_ pxf“s} g]t[Tjdf $)
jif{ cl3 x:tIf]kd'vL uf]i7Lx¿ cfof]hgf ul/P
/ pxf“s} ;DkfbsLo lgb]z { gdf @)$) ;fndf
…gk] fnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zÚ lgdf{0f ul/of]  . To;df
cfkm"n] ;+:st[ –Ot/ efiffaf6 cfPsf zAbdf bL3{
O{–pm nfO{ x|:j /z nfO{ ; agfP/)=% -cfwf_
k|ltzt em/fj{] fbL pu|tf ;dfj]z u/s ] f] / lxHh]df
cfh dlRrPsf] ef“8e}nf] To;}sf] kl/0ffd ePsf]
sfo{–sf/0fefj k|:6Øfp“b}
cfkm\gf] To; sfo{nfO{ pxf“n] …kfkÚ sf] ;+1f
lbg'ePsf] 5 / eGg'ePsf] 5 …of] kfksf]
…gs ] z'n–] @)^(Ú -g]kfnL efiff k|of]ustf{ ;d"xn]
dxfu'?x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf tof/ u/s ] f] lxHh]
;DaGwL Joj:yf_ dfkm{t d}n] k|folZrQ u/s ] f]
5'  .Ú -( c;f/, @)^( df …sflGtk'/Ú df k|sflzt
pxf“sf] cfn]v  ._ ljqmdsf] jt{dfg ztfAbLdf
g]kfnL efiffsf] >Lj[l4sf lglDt x/ b[li6n]
;jf]k{ l/ of]ubfg u/s ] f a"9f af3sf] of] :ki6Ls/0f
/ of] cfTdfnf]rgf kl5 …gk] fnLdf x|:j O–p /
kftnf] ; dfqÚ sf] slyt dfGotf :jtM lgik|f0f
eO;s]sf] 5  . pxf“sf gflt r]nfx¿n] ToxL
lgik|f0f nfznfO{ g]kfnL efiffdfly yf]k//]  efiffdf
cem} ef“8e}nf] dRrfO/xg] nIo lgwf{l/t ug's { f]
s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g  . …nfzdflysf] /fhgLltÚ /fd|f]
s'/f x'b“ } xf]Og  .
ca s] ug] { <
lxHh]dflysf] x:tIf]k d"ntM bL3{ O{–pm /
z–if sf] lj:yfkgdf s]lGb|t /x] klg o;n]
cGo sltko kIfdf ;d]t k|jz ] u/s
] f] 5  .
To;}n,] x:tIf]k lkmtf{ ug]–{ u/fpg] qmddf
lgDglnlvt kf“r kIfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'
h¿/L 5 M
— ;+:st[ af6 h:tfsf] t:t} cfPsf -tT;d_
zAb oyfjt\ n]Vg]  .
-h:t} M lzj, z/L/, gjLg, do"/, cIf/, O{Zj/,
pmhf{, /fli6«o, ;DkfbsLo cflb ._
— g]kfnleq / aflx/sf cGo ljleGg
efiffaf6 xfd|f] efiffdf …h:tfsf] t:t} ldNg
cfPsfÚ / ldNg cfpg] -cfuGt's_ zAbsf]
¿k glauf/L n]Vg]  . z nfO{ ; / bL3{nfO{
x|:j gagfpg]  .
-h:t} M v'zL, zx/, zxLb, km]zg, dfs{zL6,
hLk, a]n"  g, sfg"g, sf6"g{ cflb ._
— ljb]zL  zAb oyf;Dej d"n efiffsf]
pRrf/0f;“u lgs6td x'g] u/L n]Vg]  .
-h:t} M …xfd|f] lgod cg';f/sf] pRrf/0fÚ eg]/
George nfO{ …Uof]uÚ{]  gagfpg]— hh{ g}
n]Vg], Campus nfO{ …sDk';Ú gagfpg]—
SofDk; g} n]Vg], School nfO{ …:rn ' Ú
gagfpg]— :sn " g} n]Vg]  ._
— ;+:st[ nufot ;a} efiffaf6 ¿k kl/jt{g
eO{ cfPsf zAb oyfjt\ n]Vg] .
-h:t} M ufp“, xft, gfOs], 5ftf, nflN6g, ;f]v,
hg]n { , l;dG6L, c:ktfn cflb  ._
— j}slNks÷em/f{] lgod cg';f/sf zAbnfO{
lgif]w gug] { .
-h:t} M csf;, avf{, l;Qn, hafkm, l;sf/,
;]o/, sf6'g{ cflb  ._
— k/Dk/fut ¿kdf bL3{ n]lv+b} cfPsf zAb
glaufg] { .
-h:t} M tLtf], dL7f], vL/, km"n, b"w, a"9f], 7"nf]
cflb ._
— g]kfnL k|Too nufp“bf d"n zAbnfO{
oyf;Dej glaufg] { .
-h:t} M :jLsfg',{ klZrd]nL, c+lzof/, a]xf]zL,
sfg"gL cflb ._
@= ;+oS' t cIf/M
— ;+oS' t cIf/x¿ k/Dk/fut 9f“rfdf ;+oS' t
¿kd} n]Vg]  . v'§f sf6]/ gn]Vg]  .
-h:t}M ljBf, a'4, zlQm cflb ._
— zAbsf] aLrdf v'§f sf6]/ k~rd j0f{
gn]Vg]  . ;s];Dd ;+oS' t ¿kd} n]Vg], gq
u
cg':jf/ lbg]  .
-h:t}M zÍf jf z+sf . ;‹ jf ;+3 ._
#= kbof]u–kbljof]u M
— cy{ km/s gkg]{ePdf, ^ jf ;f]eGbf a9L
cIf/ ePdf ;d:t zAbnfO{ 5'6ØfP/
n]Vg]  . t/ JolSt, :yfg, kb, ;+:yf
cflbnfO{ a'emfpg]zAb cEof; jf k|rng
cg';f/ oyfjt\ n]Vg]  .
— Pp6f sfd hgfpg];+oS' t lqmofnfO{ Pp6f
l8sf]df n]Vg]  . 5'§f5'§} sfd hgfpg] eP
5'§} l8sf]df n]Vg]  .
— ljelQm hf]8/]  n]Vg]  . ljelQmjt\
gfdof]uLdf ljsNk v'nf /fVg]  . To;
afx]ssf gfdof]uL 5'6ØfP/ n]Vg]  .
$= zAbsf]z M
— d"n zAb÷d"n lxHh]nfO{  g}d'Vo dfgL
tbg'¿k d"n k|ljli6 lbg] . ltgsf]tb\
ej jf j}slNks  ¿knfO{ j}slNks
 k|ljli6
lbg]  .
-h:t}M v'zL, zxLb, sfg"g, km]zg, sf6"g{ nfO{
d"n k|ljli6 lbg] / ltgsf] cy{ ToxL+ lbg]  .
v';L, ;lxb, sfg'g, km];g, sf6'g{ nfO{
j}slNks k|ljli6 lbg] / cy{ d"n k|ljli6df
x]g{ nufpg]  ._
— g]kfnL efiffdf lelqPsf ljb]zL zAbsf
;fy} /fli6«o efiffx¿sf / cf~rlns zAb
;d]t yk]/ cflwsfl/s zAbsf]z tof/
ug] { .
— cf}krfl/s n]vg, ;/sf/L sfdsfh,
kf7Øk':ts, lzIf0f cflbdf d"n zAb÷d"n
k|ljli6nfO{ g}dfGotf lbg] . cGoq
j}slNks ¿knfO{ lgif]w gug] { .
%= k7gkf7g M
— k/Dk/fut j0f{dfnf -!# :j/, #^ Jo~hg_
sfod /fVg]  . g36fpg]  .
— lxHh] lgodaf6 xf]Og, cEof;af6 l;sfpg]
Joj:yf ug] { . To;sf nflu zAbsf]znfO{
cfwf/ dfGg]  .
— j0f{÷cIf/ / zAbsf] pRrf/0f l;sfpg]
Joj:yf ug] {. To;sf nflu >Job[Zo
;fdu|L tof/ kfg] { .
— pRrfo{ j0f{dfnf, lxHh]sf lgod h:tf
s'/f clgjfo{ g]kfnLaf6 x6fpg]  . ltgnfO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ P]lR5s g]kfnLdf
;dfj]z  ug] { .
;f/fz
+
tTsfn k|of]usf lglDt eg] oL s'/fx¿sf]
;f/, ;/nLs[t ¿kdf lgDg tLg a'b“ fx¿df
:d/0f ug{ ;lsG5 M
s= bz},+ sf]zL, v'zL, zx/, km]zg, zxLb,
u/La, hLk, :s"n, sf6"g{ , sfg"g, b"w, km"n
h:tf zAbsf] z / bL3{ O{–pm glauf/L z'4
¿kdf n]Vg]  .
v= ;+oS' t cIf/ v'§f sf6]/ gn]Vg]  .
u= cy{df km/s kb}g{ eg] nfdf ;d:t zAb /
gfdof]uL 5'6ØfP/ n]Vg]  .
cGTodf
zAb ;/:j tLsf ¿k x'g \ . zAbsf] ;Ddfg
u//]  dfq efiffsf] >Lj[l4 ug{ ;lsG5  . xfd|f]
efiffnfO{ ;+:st[ sf zAbn] dfq gk'Ug] ePkl5
cGo efiffaf6 zAb NofOPsf x'g \ . ltgn]xfd|f]
efiffnfO{ ;d[4 agfPsf 5g\ . ltgsf];Ddfg
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C M Y K

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ax; ef]lstfadfly . jStfsf]¿kdf pkl:yt
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d tdtof/lyof}+sljtf ;'gfpg . k|To]s  sljsf
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cfPsf]x'gfn]% ldg]6 sf]af]g ; ;do;lxt cfwf
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e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ slj ofd y'nª' n]e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{x¿sf] kL8faf6} sljtf jfrgsf] d]nf]
;'? u/,] …kZ| gÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6  . yf]/} ws,
yf]/} nfh;lxt pgn] eg], …klxnf] k6s olt 7"nf]
d~rdf plePsf]x'“ sljtf jfrgsf nflu .Ú
To;kl5 pgn] nufnu …nf]8;]l8ªÚ, …gof“ Sofn]G8/Ú,
…ljb|fx] Únuoftsf sljtf ;'gfP  .
x'/Ldf gflr/xs ] f] O{Zj/sf ;|i6f b]jfg ls/ftLn]
clwsf+z b]z  kL8fn]cfqmfGt sljtf ;'gfP .
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sfo{qmd ;lsPkl5 k|f1 u0f]z  /l;s eGb}
x'gx' G' Yof], …Ps]8d] Ln] ug'k{ g]{ sfo{qmd g]kfn ln6//] L
u'k| n] u/s ]   . hLjgdf o;cl3 sljtfsf]
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/kms{G5g\ . sljtf ;'Gg cfPsfx¿ sljtf ;'G5g\
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b]lvg]kl/bZ[ o xf]of] . cem sltko sljtfsf
sfo{qmdx¿df t slj cfkm\gf]sljtf ;'gfp“5 /
hfG5 . cGtlt/sljtf ;'gfpg kfnf]kv{g] sljsf]
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k|frLg, Hof]lt e§/fO{, cefuL y]uj' f, pQd /fO{,
sljtf /fO{ ufp“n,] d'gf/fh z]df{, ljjz alneb|,
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e"ld k'qx¿n];fy lgefpg sxL+ st}r'Sg'ePg .
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nflu ePsf]tLj| ;+3if{ b]Vof] . To;n]åGå /3[0ff
xnSs a9fof] . Tof]cj:yf ;fob}sd ePsf]5 .
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s}of}“ ls;fgn] Ps} k6s cfTdxTof u/s ] f] klg
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;d:of /xs ] f] x'gk' Yof] { < /xg'kYof] { < s] nfU5  <
:jtGq ef/tsf] Oltxf; To:tf] cfuf] xf]
h'g ;NsfOof], lgefOof]/km]l/klg ;NsfOof] .
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klg ePg  . yf]/} ck/fw, yf]/} lx+;f / lgs} yf]/}
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df]afOnaf6 /fhg / pk]Gb|sf] vf]hL u/ ] .
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xflnxfNg]eP/oL sljsf]ayfgnfO{ tflnafgL uNnL
elgPsf]xf]_ p;f]t >j0f d'sf?ª, cfx'lt, e"kfn
/fO{nufotn] To;cl3 cl:tTjsf] bfaLdf afSn}
gn]vs ] f xf]Ogg\  . t/ k|ToIf 3f]if0ff;lxt d}bfgdf
cfPsfn]oL tLg n]vs lqmofzLn o'jfsf nflu
dfu{bz{sem}+eO;s] . logsf gfddf hlt …ul;kÚag],
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:j/ ul/Ps} xf], slnnf] dfG5]n] tŒj1fgsf] s'/f]
lgsfNof]eg]c¿n]gkTofp“bf /x5 ] g\,Úbzs %) df
wDsL /kmf}bf/L lsg eGg]lh1f;fsf]hjfkm pk]Gb|n]
lbP, …clxn] Tof] cj:yf 5}g, ca c¿n] xfd|f] s'/f
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df}lns klxrfgsf s'/f t/kfZrfTo ;+/rgfdf
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af]nL km]l/Psf]5 . pgL n]vgdf d'6n ' fO{ d"ntŒj
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;'Aaf;fksf] Jojxf/jfbL JolQmTjn] lht]sf] b]lvG5  .
rfprfp n]vgsf] km}nfj6;“u} cfGbf]ngsf/L xfªo'u
cfs[lt lIflthdf w"ldn x'b“ } uO/xs ] f] / xªsª af]ss] f]
;'Aaf;fksf] pbo eO/xs ] f] b]lvG5  .Ú
z'e d'sf?ª
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sljTj lg:;Ldtf /l;h{gfTds lg0f{o . tLdWo]t];f| ]
a'b“ f …gZnLoaf]wÚTo; a]nf lgs}ljjflbt eof] .
tLg hghflt sljnfO{ ;fDk|bflostf a9fPsf]aft
nfUof] . kbd uf}td, zlz n'dD' a'nufot …zfnLg
ljb|fx] Ú sf] k}/jL ub}{ c/fhs Snaaf6 aflxl/P  .
c/fhssf egfOdf gsf/fTds k|rf/n] pgLx¿nfO{
unt sf]0faf6 t/kmfOb}u¥of] . …xfdL laNs'n}
gZnjfbsf lj/fw] L lyof}+/;w}+xf}+klg, t/xfd|f]
gfs x]//]  hfltjfbL cf/fk] nufOof],Ú /fhg eG5g\,
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;flxTodf cfpg'k5{, Pp6f vf; ;d'bfosf]dfq}xf]Og
egL oxf“sf];+:yfkg;“u k|Zg ug'{ xfd|f] clwsf/leqsf]
s'/f] lyof]  . xfdLn] ToxL s'/f ;r]t 9+un] u/s ] f xf} + .
jf:tjdf gZnjfb xfdLdf xf]Og, oxf“sf];+:yfkgdf
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n]vsn] k':tsdf g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs
cfGbf]ngdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxŒjsf
;fy pNn]v u/s ] f 5g\  . ;'j0f{zdz]/,
dxfjL/zdz]/, u0f]zdfg l;+x, ;'Gb//fh
rfln;] cflb;“u lqe'jgsf] ;Dks{, e]6
u/fpg] sfddf / lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] ;dodf
lqe'jgsf] ;Dks{ clws[tsf] ¿kdf cfkm\
gf] of]ubfg /xs] f] rrf{ n]vsn] u/s ] f 5g\  .
To;f] t lqe'jgsf] ;Dks{ ;"q bof/fdeQm
dfq lyPgg\  . ;'Gb//fh rfln;n] s[i0fnfn
lrqsf/ dfkm{t klxNo} lqe'jg;“u ;Dks{
ul/;s]sf lyP  . of] s'/f u0f]zdfgn] …d/] f]
syfsf kfgfx¿Údf pNn]v u/s ] f 5g\  .
dfy]dfn] of] s'/f yfxf kfP/ jf gkfP/ xf],
pNn]v u/s ] f 5}gg\  . hg;]jf l;g]dfxn
rnfpg lqe'jgn] s[i0fnfn / n]vsnfO{
;+oQ' m ¿kn] ;xof]u ug{s ' f] k5fl8
lqe'jgn] b'js } f] ;xof]unfO{ plQs} dxŒj
lbPsf] a'lemG5  . s[i0fnfn;“usf] kl5Nnf]
;dodf ePsf] dgd'6fjsf] sf/0f n]vsn]
s[i0fnfnsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L glbPsf]
klg x'g ;S5  . n]vsn] u0f]zdfg cflb
cfGbf]ng/t g]tfx¿nfO{ lqe'jg dfkm{t
cfly{s ;xof]u klg u/s ] f] rrf{ u/s] f 5g\  .
oBlk u0f]zdfg l;+xn] Tof] s'/f pNn]v
rflx“ u/s ] f 5}gg\  .
ef/tLo b"tfjf; x'b“ } /fhf lqe'jg
lbNnLdf z/0f lng k'u ] . sf]nsftfdf /xs ] f
dfy]df lbNnL k'u/]  lqe'jgsf] ;lrjsf]
lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]  . of] k|;Ëdf dfy]dfn]
u/s] f] j0f{gnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ b/af/, /f0ff
/ ef/t ;/sf/ g]kfnL sf+u; ]| nfO{ lsgf/f
nufpg rfxGy] eGg] ;+st] ldN5  . sf+u; ]| sf
g]tfx¿sf] d'sfd klg lbNnL g} lyof]  . t/
lqe'jg;“u pgLx¿sf] e]6 ePsf] lyPg  .
dfy]df l8NnL/d0f /U] dL, Clifs]z zfx,
6+sk|;fb cfrfo{ cflbnfO{ /fhf;“u e]6
 @)&#
] /
s[lifsd{ / u|fdL0f If]qaf6 lj:yflkt 7"nf] cfotgsf]
o'jf >d, d[To'Gd'v cf}Bf]lus If]q, pbf/Ls/0f
ljZj >d ahf/df kx'r “ , ljb]zL >d;“u} r'lnPsf]
o'jfx¿sf] /u+ Lg ;kgf, cg]s sf/0f / cfofdx¿
5g\ j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Lsf  . of] afWotf ag]/ cfPsf]
+ gf,
abNg ;lsG5 ls eg]/ k/bl] ;PsL lyOg t/ c1ft
algg\ cfkmGtsf nflu hLjge/sf] kL8f 5f8]/  .
:ofª\hfsf @# jif]{ :jKgb|i6f o'jf hf] ljb]z k7fOlbg]
bnfnsf] r+un ' df dfq k/g] g\ stf/ k'u/]  klg To:t}
ljkt\sf] rqmJo"xdf l5/,] Hofg d'2fdf h]n k/] csf]{
To:t} cefuL g]kfnL o'jf dxf]Q/Lsf O;f{b cG;f/Lsf]
efj's agfpg kof{Kt 5g\ . sltko syfn]?jfpg
klg ;S5g\ . ljifosf]k|sl[ tsf sf/0f x'g ;S5
Psfw 7fp“df clws efj's b]vf k5{g\ n]vs . To;n]
st}–st} u}/cfVofg n]vgsf] cg'zf;g pNn+3g ug{
vf]H5  . Psfw 7fp“df, 7Ls ljk/Lt, ;+jb] gzLntfdf
cfjZos uDeL/tf gckgfPsf x'g\ ls eGg]efg
5  . of] /x/ ag]/ cfPsf] 5  . o;sf] ljsNk tTsfn xTof cf/fk] df  . ltg} s'zn sfsL{ / O;f{b cG;f/Lsf] k5{ .
pknAw 5}g  . /, s]xL bzsb]lv h'g 9+usf ;/sf/ lgoltsf] qm"/tf / b'ef{Uosf] syf xf] …sx/Ú  . df]/ªsf sltko ;Gbe{df ldlt /;"rgfnfO{ km'6gf]6eGbf 
a]xf]l//xs
] f 5f},+ To; cfwf/df eGg ;lsG5– To:tf] cefuL afa' / nfrf/ klt u+ufaxfb'/ >]i7sf] klg d"nkf7d} pNn]v u//]  cem ;fGble{s agfpg
;Defjgf lgs6 eljiodf klg 5}g . cfjZostf cj0f{gLo b'Mv / kl/aGbsf] syf klg xf] of] k':ts  . ;lsGYof] . t/cGo ;"rgfsf nflu k|oQ' m km'6gf]6
;'/lIft / lgu/fgLo'Qm j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Lsf] k|aGw af/fsf efh'gf/fo0f rf}w/Lsf] ljkt\sf] syf xf] of]  . ;fGble{s 5g\ / kf7sf] d"NojQfnfO{ a9f]Q/L g}
" ] ldnfpg] xf]  . j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Lsf] e/kbf]{ ljsNk dxf]Q/Lsf 5f]6' ofbj / ;ltnsf] bb{gfs syf xf] u/s ] f 5g\  .
] f] 5}g, a;\ lgdf{0fdf tbf?stf b]vfpg] xf] / sfnfGt/df To:tf] of] h;n] j}bl] zs /fh
] uf/Lsf s'¿k kl/0fltx¿sf] ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt / hjfkmb]lxtf …xn ] f] ;/sf/Ú
ljsNk lgdf{0f ug]{ xf]  . JofVof u5{ . dfkm{t 6\jL6/df b]lvG5  . t/ tL kfl/jfl/s ljof]udf
  . ul/aLsf] rk]6fdf RoflkPsf lgbf]i{ f / lg/Lxx¿n] cfkm\gf s]xL JolQmut cg'el" t h;n] pgsf] lbg/ft 56kl6/xs ] fx¿sf] kL8f ;dg ug{] sfddf
ls8\gL a]r/]  xf];\ ls cgs06f/ / la/fgf] d?e"lddf afndl:tisdf b/f] u/L 3/ u/s ] f] lyof], -h:t} eg] g ;/sf/ pkl:yt x'G5 g hjfkmb]xL aG5  .
/ut / kl;gf a]r/]  xf];\ k};f leœofpg kfP cfly{s k':tsdf ;dflxt pgsf ;flx+nf xh'/afsf] nfx'/ o;nfO{ k':tssf syfx¿n] cem} phfu/ u/s ] f]
;"rs alnof] ePsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ cy{zf:qn] j}bl] zs syf / b'Mvb kl/0flt, ;'zLnf lbbLsf] syf / 5, k|dfl0ft u/s ] f] 5  . j}bl] zs /fh
] uf/Lsf] sf/0f
/fh]huf/Lsf sf/0f r'sfpg k/s ] f] ;fdflhs, kfl/jfl/s ljof]u_, / kqsf/sf ¿kdf pgn] kfPsf /fHon] r'sfpg'k/s ] f] ;fdflhs d"No ;/sf/sf]
;f+:sl[ ts / bL3{sfnLg cfly{s d"Nosf] s'/f a'‰b}g cj;/ / r'gf}tL / ;f]xL qmddf ;fIffTsf/ u/s ] f yf]s c;kmntfsf] kl/0ffd t xf] g} ;DalGwt If]qdf
jf a'‰g cfgfsfgL ub{5 . Pp6f lhNnf dxf]Q/Laf6 cg]s 36gf / kfq pgsf ljifo 5gf]6 / pmhf{ b'j} sfd ug]{ cw{;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] efudf klg
dfq j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Ldf uPsfdWo] dlxgfdf PseGbf x'g\ eGg ;lsG5  . To;}n] klg …sx/Úsf] 3gLe"t c;kmntfsf] s]xL lx:;f k5{  .
j[QfGt sxg] qmddf pgsf] lghL ;+jb] g klg k|r/' tf o:tf y'k}| sx/x¿ v'nf ¿kdf aflx/ cfpg'k5{  .
x'G5 ls 7"nf]  <Ú ;fksf]6f k|Zg u5{g \ . pgsf] 7x/ kfOG5  . To;}n] st}–st} n]vs clns a9L g} efj's y'k}| sx/x¿ n]lvg'k5{  . k|dv ' s'/f] o;n] k|sfz
b]lvG5g\  . kf/s ] f / k|Zg p7fPsf j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Lsf tL
vfsf ldnfpg Jo:t cy{zf:qL / …sx/Ú kl9/xb“ f ;fksf]6f kqsf/ / zf]wstf{sf] cg]s ;d:of / r'sfpg'k/s ] f] ;fdflhs d"Nosf]
of]hgfljb\n] kSs} ;f]rs ] f 5}gg\  .Ú gful/s lhDd]jf/L / ;fdflhs Gofok|lt a9L ;r]t ;dfwfgsf nflu ;/sf/L pbf;Lgtf x6\gk' 5{ .
log};jfnx¿ p7fPsf 5g\ b]lvG5g\  . bh{gf}+ t/ p:t} k|;u+ x¿ Pskl5 csf]{ j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/Lsf sf/0f ePsf Iflt sd ug]{ ;fy}
n]vsn] …sx/Ú dfkm{t  . kl9/xb“ f nfU5 oL 3'dGt] n]vs o:tf r'Das]sf j}bl] zs /fh ] uf/LnfO{ Go"g ub}{ hfg] pkfo vf]Hg]
…sx/Ú uf]/vfsf ltg} 8Nnf x'g\ /b'MvL kfqsf ljof]ufGt  syfx¿ kmnfd] /fli6«o /0fgLltsf] th'd{ f cfjZos 5  . ;/sf/df
clwsf/Lsf] syf xf] hf] cfkm" sf“6Lem}+logL;“u n6kl6“b} 6f“l;g cfOk'U5g\ . a:gn ] ] ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ o'jfx¿sf] si6s/ hLjgsf]
/ kl/jf/sf] v';Lsf] vf]hLdf csNkgLo /c;Ld b'Mvsf oL ljof]ufGt  syfx¿ dx;'; ug{ g;Snfg\, pgLx¿sf]kl;gfsf];'uG3
dn]l;of k'us ] f lyP t/ zj ckTofl/nf]em}+ nfUg ;S5g\ sltkosf nflu  . cg'ej ug{ g;Snfg\ t/ cfkm\gf] ;fg–;f}stsf]
ag]/ kms],{ cfkmGtsf efudf ;fksf]6fn] Pp6} ljifosf nflu km/s–km/s hLjgdf ltg}sf] /ut–kl;gfsf] e/yu] 5
s]jn cf“;' dfq kf//]   . sx/ :yfgdf -ax':yflgs_, Pp6} JolQm;“u km/s–km/s eGg]rflx“ a'lemlbpmg\  . sDtLdf klg s] s'/f
tgx's “ L tL clezKt blnt r]nL ;dodf cGtjf{tf{ lnPsf 5g\ h;n]sYonfO{ a[xt\ a'lemlbpmg\ eg] ljb]zdf sfd ug{] o'jfx¿sf]
zf]ef kl/of/sf] syf xf] hf] cfkm\ / uxg agfPsf] 5  . 36gfsf] ltly, ldlt / :yfg ;Ddfg /;'/Iff  hlt a9fpg ;Sof]Tolt dfqfdf
gf nf]Ug]n] cfkm\gf] gfafns v'nfPsf 5g\ h;n] cflwsfl/stf / ;Gbe{ lbPsf] ;/sf/L ;fg–;f}stdf aF“Rg]x¿sf] ;Ddfg / ;'/Iff
5f]/f;lxtnfO{ 5f]8k] l5, pxL 5 . klg a9\g5 ]   . ;/sf/ rnfpg], /fhgLlt ug]x{ ¿ /
5f]/fsf] eljio ;'/lIft ug{ ;lsG5 k6\of/nfUbf] j}bl] zs /fh
] uf/Lsf syf dfq ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfosf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f
ls eg]/ lab]l;PsL lyOg\  . t/, 5}gg\ o;df, k|z:t dfqfdf dfG5]sf ljljw /u+ / k|ltxhf/df b'O{ o'jf k|ltjif{ sf7sf afs;df aGb
sx/ cfkm' / 5f]/f b'js } f] eljio ;'/lIft ;dfhsf lsl/ªldl/ª lrqx¿ klg b]Vg ;lsG5  . eP/ :jb]z kms{G5g\  . lab]l;Psf nfvf}s + f] lhGbuL
n]vs M hgs/fh ;fksf]6f
k|sfzs M jL l/8 ug{ ;lsgg\ . sx/lrtjgsL of] cg]s syfsf km'6s/ syfx¿sf] sf]nfhh:tf] w/fkdf km;]sf 5g\  . ca eGg';,\ Tof] ck/fwsf]
d"No M ¿= #%)÷– tL cefuL ;'zLnf lbbLsf]syf ag]sf] 5  . t/ o;n] syfsf] k|jfxdf eg] cj/fw] bf]ifL sf]  < ;fksf]6fnfO{ wGojfb, k|Zgx¿ cl3
xf] hf] cfkm\gf] / kl/jf/sf] efUo k'/fp“bgg\
}  . olQ xf]syfx¿ b'Mvsf 5g\ . kf7snfO{ ;fl/lbPsf]df  .
u/fO/fv]sf lyP  .
g]x¿ dfkm{t /fhfsxf“ uof], sf+u;
xf]Og  . sf+u;
n8\g gx'gh
]| leq åGå rs]s
qmflGt yfDg g;Sg], g]kfnLx¿ cfk;df
] :tf ts{x¿ u//]  lqe'jg
]| sxf“
{ f], sf+u+ ;
]| n]
ldN5 . slt;Dd eg]cfdlgjf{rgkl5
/f0ffx¿af6 ;lGwsf] k|:tfj hjfx/nfn aLkLn] k|wfgdGqL aGg] …lh2LÚ g5f8]sfn]
b/af/;u“ sf] ;DaGw lau|b“ } uPsf] atfOPsf]
5  . b/af/sf] rfxgfcg';f/ ;'j0f{zdz]/
k|wfgdGqL ePsf]eP ;q ;fnsf]36gf
36\g] lyPg eGg] lgisif{ dfy]dfsf] b]lvG5  .
hf}x/Lsf] Jofkf/ ug{ yfn]sf] rrf{ u/s
5g\ n]vsn]  . t/ kl5 h'4zdz]/n]
ydf}tL lbPkl5 Jofkf/ aGb u/s
a'lemG5 . lqe'jgsf];xfotfaf6 ;+oQ' m
¿kdf rnfPsf] hg;]jf l;g]dfxn g}
n]vssf] k|dv ' cfo;|ft] /xs
] f]
] f
] f] b]lvG5  .
ePsf] elgPsf] 5  . efiff ldnfpglt/ nfUbf
;Dkfbgaf6 cf]em]n k/s ] f ;d:ofx¿n]
k':tssf] u'0f:t/nfO{ sdhf]/ agfPsf]
5  . sltko tYox¿ k/:k/ sfl6Psf klg
5g\ . cf7 k[i7 hlt c+z b'Oj{ 6f RofK6/df
bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\  .
/f0ff;“u ;lGw ug]{ lgisif{df k'us ] f /x5] g\  . lqe'jg;“u n]vssf] cGt/u+ ;DaGw t/ dl;{l8h a]Gh sf/ lsGg ;Sg] / lqe'jgsf] JolQmTjnfO{ a9fOr9fO
g]x¿n] klg oxL ;Nnfx lbPsf] atfp“5g\ slt;Dd lyof] eg] lqe'jg / pgsf sf7df8f}d+ f ljleGg 7fp“df 3/x¿ agfpg ul/Psf] 5  . t/ lqe'jgsf] rl/qnfO{ lnP/
dfy]df  . /f0ffkIfaf6 k|wfgdGqL;lxt kf“r /fgLx¿n] dfy]dfnfO{ …5f]/fÚ s} ¿kdf ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;otsf] rrf{ eg] ul/Psf] ;'Ggdf cfPsf s}of}+ ls:;fx¿k|lt n]vs
dGqL /f0ffx¿sf] / cGo kf“r dGqL /fv]/ dfg]sf lyP  . lqe'jgn] cfkm\gf] z]ifkl5 5}g  . lqe'jg / lqe'jgsf /fgLx¿n] s] df}g 5g\  . n]vsn] k|z; + f u/s
] f] csf{ JolQm
dlGqd08n u7g ug]{ k|:tfj cfPkl5 g]kfndf ga:g cfkm"nfO{ ;Nnfx slt cfly{s ;xof]u u/] eGg] v'nfOPsf] x'g\ g]x¿  . df]xgzdz]/nfO{ c;fwf/0f
dfq clGtd cj:yfdf lqe'jgn] dft[sf
/ aLkL;“u e]6s ] f /x5 ] g\  . Tof] klg /ftsf]
Ps ah] af]nfpg k7fP/ † /fhf / sf+u;
lbPsf] bfaL dfy]dfn] u/s ] f 5g\  .
5f]/fx¿df klg lqe'jgnfO{ dflxnf / sfG5f
|] sf dg k/s ] f lyP  . o'j/fh dx]Gb|;u“ t s'/}
5}g  . t/ lghL s's/' nfO{ ;d]t tSdf lbg]
lqe'jgn] dfy]dfh:tf] eQmsf nflu cfkm\gf]
sf]if n'6fPgg\ eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;ls“bg}   .
:jfut ;Tsf/ u//]  g]kfn–ef/taLr
c;Gt'lnt ;lGw u/fpg ;kmn g]x¿ s;/L
k|z; + fsf kfq eP :ki6 x'b“ g . } lqe'jgnfO{
g]tfx¿aLr ePsf] s'/fsf] rrf{df n]vs gldNg] /x5]   . lqe'jgdf /f0ffx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ b/af/sf] hflu/ ;dfKt ePkl5 dfy]df kmsf{P/ u2Ldf /flvlbg' g} 7"nf] pknlAw xf]
k|jz ] u/s ] f 5}gg\  . cGttM ;Demf}tf eof]  . u2LRo't u//]  dx]Gb|nfO{ /fhf agfp“5g\ eGg] km]l/ Jofkf/d} nfu]  . ljb]zL a}s + leœofpg eGg] n]vsnfO{ nfu]sf] x'g ;S5  .
;Demf}tfdf sf+u; ]| sf] e"ldsfaf/] k':ts 8/ b]lvG5  . rf“hf]kf“hf] ldnfO;s]kl5 cGTodf pgnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ /fhgLlts 36gf / ;Gbe{sf]
df}g 5  . lqe'jgn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf nflu dfy]df dx]Gb|sf] gLltsf] cfnf]rs kfvf nufOg'df klg b/af/sf] :jfy{ /xs ] f] ;fIfL ag]sf n]vsaf6 w]/} ck]Iff /fv]/
g]x¿nfO{ cg'/fw] u/s ] f /x5] g\  . /fhfsf] lyP  . dx]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ;+st] a'lemG5  . cGo s]xL 7"nf pBf]u k9\g] kf7snfO{ k':tsn] lg/fz t'Nofp“5  .
nflu ;'/IffsdL{ / ;Nnfxsf/x¿ g]x¿n] ug{ g;s]sf] k|lt pgL If'Aw b]lvG5g\  . :yfkgf ug{ b/af/n] u/s ] f] c;xof]u / ;flxlTos :jfb vf]Hg] kf7sn] klg pT;fxL
g]kfn k7fOlbP  . dfy]dfsf] j0f{gn] lbNnL ;q ;fnsf] sbdsf] ;dy{g gu/s ] f]df x:tIf]ksf] klg 5f]6f] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5  . x'g] 7fp“ 5}g  . Oltxf;sf hfgsf/ kf7ssf
;Demf}tfsf] rfaL lbNnLd} /xs ] f] / tfNrf ckdflgt 9+uaf6 /fhk|f;fb ;]jfaf6} kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;kmntfk"js { :yfkgf nflu k':tsn] vf;} gof“ hfgsf/L lb“bg}   .
dfq sf7df8f}+ cfOk'us ] f] atfp“5  . lqe'jgn] x6fOPsf]df klg pgnfO{ lrQ a'em]sf] ul/Psf] ;"o{ 6f]afsf] sDkgLsf] leqL syf JolQmut hLjgsf cf/fx] –cj/fx] tyf
sf+u; ]| / qmflGtdfly u/s ] f] cljZjf; g} /xg] 5  . olt dfq xf]Og cfkm"x¿n] eg] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5}g  . ;kmntf–c;kmntfsf] syf k9]/ :jR5
To;kl5sf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf] sf/0f rnfO/fv]sf] hg;]jf l;g]dfxndf klg k':tssf] n]vfO Psbd} ;fdfGo 5  . lzIff lng vf]Hg]sf nflu klg k|:tt' k':ts
/xs ] f] l:jsfg{ eg] n]vs tof/ b]lv“bg} g\  . b/af/s} lgb]z{ gdf cfunfuL u/fOPsf] sltko :yfgdf 8fo/Lsf b}lgsLnfO{ pkof]uL 5}g  . dfy]df kfl/jf/sf nflu eg]
lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] :jfldTj cfkm";u“ g/xg] ck|ToIf ¿kn] cf/fk] nufPsf 5g\  . ptfl/Psf] 5  . n]vs cfkm" pkl:yt of] Pp6f b:tfj]h x'g ;S5  . k'/fgf kmf]6f
l:yltdf sf+u; ]| lsg o;sf] lx:;b] f/ aGof], qmflGtkl5sf] rf/ jif{df k|dv ' /fhgLlts gePsf k|;u+ x¿sf] rrf{ ug]{ qmddf pNn]v / lqe'jgsf x:tlnlvt lr7Lx¿ cfsif{s
To;sf] pQ/ oxf“ km]nf kb}g{   . zlQmnfO{ kfvf nufP/ lqe'jgn] r'gfj ul/Psf jftf{sf c+zx¿ xb};Dd s[lqd nfUg ;S5g\ . ;ft ;fnsf 36gfnfO{
:ki6 pNn]v gu/] klg /fhtGq} gu/fpg] k|k~r u/s ] f] kf6f] eg] n]vsn] nfU5g\ . ;Dkfbgsf]qmddf ;Dkfbsn] ;fdfGo ¿kn] ;'gs ] f kf7sn] s]xL hfgsf/L
x6fpg] jf cfkm"nfO{ b]Vg ;s]gg\  . dx]Gb|n] k'gn]v { g;d]t ul/lbPsf k|df0fx¿ k|z:t k|fKt ug{rflx“ ;S5g\ . t/j0f{gsf]s[lqdtf
/f0ffx¿n] h:t} lg/Lx kfvf nufP klg km]nf k5{g\ k':tse/  . P]ltxfl;s tYox¿df / n]vgdf t6:ytfsf] cefjn] kf7s
/fhf agfpg] xf] ls lqe'jgsf /fgLx¿;“u klg cg]s q'l6 5g\ . @))# ;fnsf] u'd/fxdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf plQs}
eg]/ lqe'jg sf+u; ]| ;“u eg] pgsf] ;DaGw lj/f6gu/ h'6 ldnsf] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ 5 . h'g sfnv08sf]Oltxf;nfO{
;z+lst /xs ] f] b]lvG5  . ;'dw'/ /lx/xo\ f]  . /fgLx¿ ljZj]Zj/k; | fb sf]O/fnfsf] g]tT[ jdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf o:tf
To;}n] 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{ n]vssf] 3/df k6sk6s ePsf]elgPsf]5 -k[= ^(_ . lqe'jgn] k':tssf] x'GYof], Tof] b[li6sf]0fn] k':ts
/ l8NnL/d0f /U] dLnfO{ cfpg] ubf{ /x5 ] g\  . dxfjL/zdz]/nfO{ n]vs ] f] lr7L lnP/ k"0f{ ¿kn]c;kmn 5 . Tof]t, ;donfO{
sf+u; ]| sf] ljsNk v8f /fgLx¿nfO{ lqe'jg n]vs sf]nsftf ofqfdf hfg] qmddf ef/t j:tu' t ¿kn] lrq0f ug{ g;Sg' n]vssf]
ug{ ;Nnfx lbOof]  . t/ ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf :jtGq eP/ g]x¿ k|wfgdGqL ePsf] s'/f ;Ldf klg x'g ;S5 .
/U] dL / cfrfo{sf] :jfy{ ug]{ ;Nnfx lbPsf] / n]vsn] /l] 8of]af6 ;'gs] f lyP -k[= *#_  . kl5Nnf] ;do cfTdsyf /
aflemPsfn] Pstf x'g To;sf nflu kbf{k5fl8 ToxL qmddf sf]nsftfdf g]kfnL k|hftGq ;+:d/0fsf] gfddf cfkm\gf] / kl/jf/sf]
;s]g  . /f0ff–sf+u; ]| sf] a;]/ ofjt\ sfdx¿ sf+u; ]| sf cWoIf dx]Gb|ljqmd zfx cflb;“u cfly{s, ;fdflhs x}l;otsf] a9f]Q/LnfO{
;+oQ' m ;/sf/ c;kmn cfkm}n + ] u/s
] f] bfaL e]6s
] f] rrf{ klg 5 -k[= *%_  . hals ef/t b:tfj]hLs/0f ug]{ / b'lgof“sf] gh/df
ePkl5 sf+u; ]| nfO{ n]vsn] u/s ] f 5g\  . :jtGq ePsf] @))$ ;fnsf] ebf} dlxgfdf cfkm"nfO{ ;xL ;flat u/fpg]k|rng x\
/ vf;u//]  aLkLnfO{ cg'ej / cg'el" t dfy]df kl/jf/ xf] eg] g]kfnL k|hftGq sf+u; ]| sf] :yfkgf jfQ} a9]sf] 5  . g]kfnL ;flxTodf o;nfO{
;Qfdf cfpg glbg] n]vs M bof/fdeQm dfy]df Jofkf/df klg ;+nUg @))% ;fnsf] ;fpgdf ePsf] lyof]  . …cfTdsyf l;G8«fd] Ú dfGg ;lsG5  .
k|k~rdf dfy]dfsf] klg k|sfzs M bof kmfpG8];g lyof]  . eLdzdz]/n] ef/t / rLgsf] o'4 ;g\ !(^@ df ePsf] dfy]dfsf] k':ts cfTdsyf l;G8«fd] s} Pp6f
of]ubfg /xs ] f] ;+st] d"No M ¿= ^))÷– hflu/af6 lgsflnlbPkl5 xf], t/ k[= ##% df of] o'4nfO{ …!(^$ lt/Ú cjtf/ xf]  .
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clego klg To:t} x'G5  . …lkmNdn] pd]/ vf]H5,Ú
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k|foM cfdfs} k|:tfj cfPsf] lsg xf]nf  < pgn]
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To;}n] xf]nf  .Ú o;} ;Gbe{df pgn] /dfOnf]
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dg k/] dfq} cl3 ;5{g,\ Ú pgL eG5g\, …oj' tLsf]
Ifdtf b]lvg] lkmNd sd} aG5g\  .Ú
lgzf zdf{sf] a'emfO klg o:t} 5  .
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gfos÷gflosf 5gf]6 b]lvOPsL pgn]b'O{ bzseGbf a9L ;do o;n] bz{snfO{ /fd|} dgf]/~hg klg lbG5 xf]nf  . t/ lqms]6 v]n cfk+}m eg]
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s]xL ;docl3 Ps lgb]z { sn] gflosf aGg
k|:tfj /fv]  . /u+ d~rdf y'k|} k6s k|dv
e"ldsfdf v]ns ] L pgn] lkmNddf eg] cfkm"eGbf
h]7L gflosfsf] cfdf ag]/]  clego u/s
cg'ej ;“ufn]sL lyOg\  . ln8 /fn
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cg'ej a6'nn]sL pgL km]l/ kmls{P/ To; kfOG5  . ljZj lqms]6n] kfPsf ug{ g;lsg] u//]  rf}sf / 5Ssf k|xf/
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rng kl/jt{g gx'b“ f;Dd gflosfsf] x}l;ot / a|8] Dofg  . pgnfO{ PskN6 sd :sf]/d} klg lrQ b'V5 .Ú
kl/efiff xn's} x'g] lgzfsf] a'emfO 5  . …oj' tL cfp6 lbPkl5 cDkfo/;Dd k'u/]  cGTodf l;+xn] ;Lwf–;Lwf eg]sf
' hlxn] klg gfossf] ;xkfq ag]sf] b]vfOG5,Ú eg]5g\, …bz{s cDkfo/n] cfp6 lbPsf] 5g\, …jf:tljs lqms]6sf] dHhf ca
pgL elG5g\, …gfRg' / ufpg' dfq} sfd x]g{ cfpg] xf]Ogg\  . bz{s Aof6\;Dofgn] /xg]   .Ú c:6l«] nofn] >Ln+sfnL an/nfO{
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gfossf] ;xkfqsf] ¿kdf dfq} gflosfsf] lqms]^
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lkmNd elgg\ . t/, ;ftf glaTb}pxL

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cln df]6L eOg\ / ] . clegodf / p;n] klxnf] 6\jfG6L–6\jfG6L v]ndf lqms]6 dg{ ;S5 .
s'g} sdL geP klg …;nSs lxd]z klxn] Aofl6ª ub}{ @^# /g agfof]  . of] lqms]6 jf:tjd} d5{ cyjf db}g{ ,
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dw' zfxL lkmNddf gflosfsf] e"ldsfsf cfp“5, lkmu/ b]vk] l5 :sf]/ xf]  . o;cl3 5 . kl5Nnf]Ps bzsdf ljZjel/sf
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…gflosfsf] k|:tfj cfp“5, lkmu/ b]vk] l5 l/hS] 6 gflosf aGg kftnL g} ;o ^) /g agfPsf] /fd|} sf/0f Aof6\;Dofgsf] ldlxg]t xf]  .
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/u+ d~rdf ;l/tfn] cfkm\gf] lkmu/nfO{ lnP/ >Ln+sfn] w'nfO 5g\ . Aof6\;Dofgn]gof“–gof“ ;6 klg
clxn];Dd s'g} u'gf;f] ;'Gg'k/s ] f] 5}g  . t/ oxL ;l/tf lu/L Sof/S] 6/df vf]H5g\,Ú pgL elG5g\, …8s'dG] 6«L Ps bzsdf ljZjel/sf vfof]  . hDdfhDdL cfljisf/h:t} u/s ] f 5g\  . clg ltgsf]
sf/0f $ j6f lkmNd xftaf6 km':sfO;lsg\ . 6fOksf] lkmNddf w]/n } ] k|:tfj /fV5g\  .Ú Aof6\;Dofg PsfPs h:t} ! ;o @) andf @ lkm6g]; :t/ klg w]/} a9]sf] 5  .
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c?0ffsf] ljrf/df kfqn]] gfos÷gflosfsf] sdhf]/L;d]t /xs ] f] pgsf] bfaL 5  . pgnfO{ oxL a]nf 6\jfG6L–6\jfG6Ldf Un]g DofS;j]n PSn}n]
e"ldsf emNsfpg] xf]  . /fd|L jf /fd|f] x'b“ d} f nfU5, …s6] fn] lkmNd pBf]udf clego u//]  xf]nf t  < o;sf] /fd|} sf/0f kfls:tfg ! ;o $% /g agfP . Tof]klg ^%
gfos xf]OG5 eGg] wf/0ffk|lt pgsf] ljdlt bz{ssf] ljZjf; lhlt;s]sf 5g\ t/, ToxL Aof6\;Dofgsf] ldlxg]t xf]  . Oª\NofG8 e"lddf andf . ljZjf; gx'g ;S5, To;df !$
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pd]/sf cfwf/df gfos÷gflosf 5gf]6 …lyP6/ snfsf/nfO{ clegodf Nofp“bf Aof6\;Dofgn] 6\jfG6L 6\jfG6L kfls:tfglj?4sf] lqms]6df kf/Dkl/s k':tsdf kfOg]
ul/G5,Ú pgsf] a'emfO 5, …t/, xlnp8df UNofd/sf] cf; klg ub}g{ g\,Ú pgL elG5g\, lqms]6sf] cfudgkl5 gof“–gof“ Pp6f jfg–8]df ;a} vfn] ;6 lyof] g}  . s]xL gof“ ;6
eg] gfos÷gflosfsf] d"Nof+sg kfqn] u5{  .Ú …clegos} nflu pgLx¿sf] dfu ul/G5  .Ú t/ tLg ljs]6 u'dfP/ klg bf]xf]¥ofP/ x]g{ kfOPsf] lyof]  . clg
pgsf cg';f/ gflosfnfO{ x]g{] gh/ g t xfd|f ¿knfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]k|rng ePsf]rflx“
z}nL ljsf; u/]sf 5g\  . $ ;o $$ /g pgsf hlt klg k|xf/lyP, tL clwsf+z
bz{ssf] km]l/Psf] 5 g t rnlrq If]qsf]  . pgL klg l:jsfl5{g \ . elG5g\, …s6] fsf] cg'xf/n] agfof]  . of] klg %) zlQmzfnL lyP  . kfls:tfglj?4 o:t}
elG5g\, …olt ;f/f] ¿ksf] s'/frflx“ /u+ d~rdf eGbf sfdn] ljZjf; lht]sf] 5  . s]6Lsf] cf]e/sf] lqms]6df sfd Oª\NofG8sf nflu Pn]S; x]N;n]
x“b' g} , To;}n] o;sf] Eofn' ePsf] xf]nf  .Ú ;Gbe{df cg'xf/ klxnf / sfd kl5 x]l/G5  .Ú 7"nf] :sf]/sf] gof“ sLlt{dfg lyof]  . u/,] ! ;o &! /g agfP/  .
/u+ d~rdf eg] pgn] slxNo} pd]/ a9L ePsf] cfly{s cj:yfn] klg /u+ sdL{ o'jtL lkmNd o:tf]df k|Zg pAh]sf] lyof], tLg ;o oL DofS;j]n / x]N;n] ToxL sfd
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sf/0f x'g ;S5 . k6s ef/t / j]:6OlG8hn] cd]l/sfdf Aof6\;Dofgn] ug]{ u/s ] f 5g\ / Tof] xf],
o'jtLn] /fd|f] sfd u/] …af]N8 PG8 Ao'6LÚ 6\jfG6L–6\jfG6L lqms]6sf] l;l/h v]ns ] f lgs} ux|f+} Aof6n] v]Ng]  . k'/fgf hdfgfsf
‘s6] fsf] cg'xf/n] elgG5, To;}df dlxnfdfly x]l/g] ;+sl' rt gh/ lyP  . k\mnf]l/8fdf ePsf] klxnf] v]ndf lqms]6 Aof6 / clxn]sf cfw'lgs
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…af]N8 PG8 OG6]lnh]G6 eg]/ ;Daf]wg ubf{ lyof]  . b]Vg ;lsG5  . clxn]sf Aof6 w]/} vfP/
lht]sf] 5  . s]6Lsf] ;Gbe{df s] lau|G5  <Ú cr{gf elG5g\, …Ao'6Ld} gf/LnfO{ of] t emg\ $) cf]e/df ag]sf] df]6fPsf h:t} b]lvG5g\, Tof] klg lhd
cg'xf/ klxnf / sfd kl5 ;Lldt /fVg] xfd|f] ;dfh 5  .Ú Ps b'O{ jif{otf :sf]/ eof]  . o:tf]df k|Zg p75, ljZj u//]  6Ss cfk\mgf] z/L/ agfPsf h:tf]  .
eg] gf/L ;zlQms/0f a9\g yfn]sf] pgsf] lqms]6df clxn] s] o:tf] eO/xs ] f] 5 ls To;}n] lqms]6 Aof6sf] cfsf/nfO{ lnP/
x]l/G5  .’ cg'ej 5  . 6]lnl;l/on …l;+xb/af/Ú sf] Aof6\;Dofgn] wdfwd /g dfq a6'Ng] g}gof“ lgodsf]cfjZostf dx;'; ug{
pbfx/0f lb+b} pgL k|wfgdGqLsf] clego u/s ] L u/s] f 5g\  < an/ eg] lg/Lx aGg'k/s ] f] yflnPsf] 5  .
l;h{gf ;'Aaf uf}/L dNnsf] k|z; + f ul5{g \ . gflosf /v ] f yfkfn] 5 . s]lqms]6df alnª snf db}{5 t < c:6l«] nofn] lht]sf] kl5Nnf]
cfkm\g} nufgL / ;lqmotfdf dlxnfk|wfg To;f] t ljZj lqms]6df o:tf k|Zg p7\g jfg–8] ljZjskdf klg w]/} /g ag]kl5
rnlrq agfpg' z'e;+st] /xs ] f] pgsf] a'emfO yfn]sf] gof“ xf]Og\  . ;Lldt cf]e/sf] cGt/fl{ i6«o lqms]6 sfplG;n -cfO{;L;L_
gflosfsf]dfkb08df clegoeGbf klg 5 . lqms]6 hlt a9\g yfNof], Aof6\;Dofg g} gof“ lgod g} lgsfn]sf] lyof],
zf/Ll/s :j¿knfO{ Wofg lbOG5  . /fd|L / To;f]t dlxnfk|wfg rnlrq klg sd an/dfly lg/Gt/ xfaL x'g yfn]sf] xf]  . lkmlN8ªsf a]nf  Aof6\;DofgnfO{ dbt
l;lnSs k/s ] f] Hofg ePsfn] ljz]if dxŒj 5g\ . clg, dlxnf snfsf/nfO{ clegoeGbf ;fob o;kN6 jf:tjd} w]/} ePsf] 5  . ug]{ lgoddf s]xL v'sn ' f]kg NofP/  . t/
kfp“5g\ . klg ;'Gb/tf k|bz{g ug]{ kfqsf] ¿kdf w]/} rf}sf / 5Ssf dfq x]g{ ?rfpg] o;n] klg /gsf] af9LnfO{ vf;} /fS] g
cflv/ lkmNddf gflosf aGg s]–s] x]g{] ul/Psfn] klg pgLx¿sf] clego–Ifdtf bz{ssf nflu w]/} /g aGg' /fd|f] klg ;s]sf] eg] 5}g  . To;}n] t klxn]sf]
dfkb08 rflxG5  < ax;sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 PS;kf]h x'g g;s]sf] cr{gfsf] egfO 5  . xf]nf  . o;n] bz{snfO{ /fd|} dgf]/~hg b'O{ ;o /g clxn]tLg ;o ePsf]
clxn]  . ;nSs k/s ] f] Hofg, ;s];Dd uf]/f] j0f{, gf/L k|ltef :jLsf/ ug{ cfgfsfgL ug]{ klg lbG5 xf]nf  . t/ lqms]6 v]n cfk}m+ 5  . klxn]sf] tLg ;o /g clxn] rf/
cUnf] hLp–8fn / ;du|df …k/km]S6 lkmu/Ú bz{ssf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ klg sdhf]/Lsf eg] ;Gt'ng u'dfp“b} 5, of] v]nsf ;o eO;s]sf] 5  . o:t} /x,] ca kf“r
gflosf aGg] of]Uotf x'g \ . ¿kdf cYofp“l5g\ pgL  . …lx/fn ] ] kmfO6 ubf{ b'O{ ljlzi6 kIf Aofl6ª /alnªaLr . ;o /g w]/} 6f9f 5}g, sDtLdf jfg–8]
crDd s] 5 eg] ToxL lkmNd If]qdf hlt bz{sn]ljZjf;sf ;fy x]5{g,\ plt ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, ef/tLo lqms]6df k'/fgf lqms]6df  .
gfossf nflu eg]of]dfkb08 Tolt s8fOsf lx/fO] gsf] kmfO6 l;g kTofp“bg} ufx|f] k5{,Ú v]nf8L la;gl;+x a]bL o:t} o:t} a]nf ;lrg t]Gb'ns/ cfk}m+ df Aof6\;Dofg
;fy nfu" x“b' g}   . …a8L ljN8/Ú gfos x'gk' g]{ 5'Rrf] af]Ng dflx/ 5g\  . pgn] klg x'g,\ t/ pgL klg cr]n an/dfly
cjwf/0ffdf kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5  . h:tf]— 6\jfG6L–6\jfG6L / jfg–8]df /gsf] b'O{ ;xfg'el" t /fV5g\ . pgL klg 6\jfG6L–
kl5Nnf] ;do rnlrq Ifq]df rlDsPsf gof“ sLlt{dfg ag]kl5 k|ltlqmof lbOxfn], 6\jfG6L lqms]6df h:t} gfd rn]sf
;f}uft dNn, bofxfª /fO{ / vu]Gb| nfld5fg]
‘af]N8 PG8 OG6]lnh]G6 …lqms]6 ca jf:tjd} PskIfLo ePsf] Aof6\;DofgnfO{ klg ;fwf/0f dflgPsf
/u+ d~rs} pTkfbg x'g \ . bofxfªn] lkmNd v]Ng eg]/ ;Daf]wg ubf{ s] 5  .Ú Aof6\;Dofgn] d}bfgsf] rf/t} km{ k|xf/
slxNo} …lkmu/Ú sf] k/LIff lbg' k/g]   . g t pgL lau|G5  < Ao'6Ld} pgsf] cfzo lyof], an/n] ca ug{ yfn]kl5 lrlGtt 5g\  . To;}n] pgn]
lkmNds} nflu k]6 36fpg] rSs/df x'G5g\ g t Aof6\;Dofg;“u g;Sg] g} eof]  . an/ aLrsf] pkfo lgsfn]sf 5g\  . pgsf]
lhd g}wfp“5g\ . bh{g lkmNd v]ln;s]sf pgL gf/LnfO{ ;Lldt /fVg] ca …alnª d]l;gÚ dfq x'g yfn]sf ;Nnfx xf], ca lkr To:tf] agfpg x'Gg,
eG5g\, …sg' } lgb]z { sn] k]6 36fpm eg]sf] eP t xfd|f] ;dfh 5  .’ 5g\  . pgn] cufl8 ;f/s ] f s]xL ts{ hxf“ Aof6\;Dofgn]dHhf lng ;sf];\   .
PS;/;fO{h ul/xfNy]+ lg  .Ú o;n] s] k|:6o\ fp“5 7Ls} h:tf] klg b]lvG5  . h:tf], pgn] lgod hltn] Aof6\;DofgnfO{ ;xof]u
eg] lkmNdsf] gfossf xsdf eg] lkmu/ xf]Og, eg]sf 5g\, …Aof6\;Dofgn] rf}sf / 5Ssf ug]{eP klg lkr t an/nfO{ dbt ug]{
clegonfO{ g}dxŒj lbOG5 . bofxfª cfkm}+klg cr{gf yfkf cr{gf elG5g\, …p:t} k/] lkmNd rnfpg} r'gf}tL k|xf/u5{g\ eg]7Ls 5, o;df s'g} vfnsf]agfpg ;lsG5 ls <
l:jsf5{g\ o;nfO{  . v]Kg'k5{  .Ú u'gf;f] ul//xg' kb}g{   . t/ cfhef]ln twitter : @himeshratna

C M Y K
 h zlgaf/, * c;f]h
nLnaxfb'/ cf}+ a;fO
‘cl3cl3 b'Mv 5Ng dfOu|];g x'GYof], clxn] a9L ;'v vf]Hg dfOu|];g eO/x]sf] 5 h:tf] nfU5  .’
;f
dfGo sfkLsf] b'jk} l§ k[i7df n]lvPsf] sxfgL
d'l:snn] %) k]h nfdf] b]lvG5  . sxfgLdf s'g}
km"na'§f 5}g, grflx+bf] n]vsLo cfTd/lt klg
b]lvGg  . …sflnsf]6Ú]  6fO6ndf ;dk{0f n]lvPsf]
k':tssf] e"ldsfdf ljgoL aGb} elgPsf] 5,
…kf7sx¿sf] Xbosf] ltneGbf ;fgf] efu cf]u6\g
kfof] eg] a;fOn] s]xL dfqfdf ;flxTosf] ;]jf
u/s] } xf] eGg] dnfO{ kg]5 { /, d]/f c¿ v];f| x¿ klg
k|sfzgdf Nofpg] k|/] 0ff d}n] kfpg]5 ' .Ú
—;g\ !(%&, clk|n !&  . aL=a/jf /f8] ,
d/fvnL, uf]xf6L  .
JolQm
cfheGbf emG8}%( jif{cl3
ef/t k|jf;df al;/xs
jif]{ tGg]/Ln] u/s
] f] v];f| –cf“6 lyof]—
clxn] rngrNtLdf cfPsf] …dfOu|;
ljifodfly s]xL n]Vg'  . s'g} ;+of]u /
;Dks{n] sf7df8f}d+ f ev{/} :yflkt
dbg k'/:sf/ k':tsfno -u'7L_ df
cfOk'us ] f] Tof] n]vgsf] kf08'lnlkn]
tTsfn} k':tsfsf/ ¿k kfof]  . @)!$
b]jG] b| e§/fO{ ;fndf % ;o k|lt 5flkPsf]Tof]
l l l l
n3' cfsf/sf] k':ts dbg k'/:sf/
k':tsfnoaf6} @)!* df bf];f| ] ;+:s/0f cfof], km]l/
hubDaf k|sfzgaf6 @)@! df t];f| ] ;+:s/0f  .
To;kl5 of] s[ltsf] gfd–sfd olt km}lnof] ls
tTsfn} ;femf k|sfzgn] Ps xhf/eGbf dflysf]
;+Vofdf k'g;{:+ s/0f ug{ yfNof]  .
/, ToxL s[lt k|sfzsf] %( jif{ lat]kl5sf]
u0fgfdf o;sf #^ eGbf a9L ;+:s/0f 5flkPsf
5g\ . of]s[lt ljBfnob]lv ljZjljBfno;Dd ;Gbe{
jf kf7\o;fdu|L alg;s]sf]5 . ;+Vofdf @ nfv
k|lteGbf a9L laqmL eO;s]sf] of] v];f| –/rgf;“u}
g]kfnL ;flxTodf Pp6f kofo{jfrL gfd hlGdPsf]
5– nLnaxfb'/ cf}+ a;fO  .
ToxL …a;fOÚ pkGof;sf] cfwf/ k[i7e"lddf
hf]l8+b} g]kfnL efiff–;flxTosf] lj:tf/df cys
of]ubfg k'¥ofPafkt o; k6s k|ltli7t hubDaf>L
k'/:sf/ -@)&@_ kfPsf ef/tsf] c;djf;L g]kfnL
n]vs nLnaxfb'/ IfqL km]l/ Psk6s rrf{df
5g\  . t/, pgsf] gfdsfd / klxrfgdf hf]l8Psf]
Oltxf;df o; k6s klg ;w}e+ m}+ljjfb plAhPsf]
/x5
]   . …nLnaxfb'/n] dbg k'/:sf/ cyjf hubDaf
;Ddfg w]/c } l3 kfO;s]sf 5g\Ú eg]/ plAhPsf]
ljjfb To; a]nf dfq};fDo eof], ha lg0ff{os
6f]nLnfO{ yfxf nfUof]— …a;fOÚ pkGof;sf] k|sfzs
dfq} x'g,\ dbg / hubDaf  . k'/:sf/ jf ;Ddfgdf
…a;fOÚ pkGof; jf nLnaxfb'/ sxL+st} hf]l8Psf
5}gg\  .
…d/] f] n]vg–;[hgfsf] hggL ;+:yf klg x'g–\
dbg /hubDaf . ToxL ;+:yfaf6 cfh oqf]
klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg kfPsf] If0f d]/f nflu …a;fOÚn]
k'gh{Gd kfP;/x xf],Ú pd]/df *$ gfl3;s]sf
n]vs nLnaxfb'/n] u'xfj6Lsf] aL=a/jf /f8] l:yt
lgjf;af6 kmf]gdf eg], …of] d cfkm}n
kfPh:tf] xf]  .Ú
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyfy{lrq dflgg] …a;fOÚ
kl5 csf]{ pkGof; …ax| d\ k'qsf 5]p5fpÚ af6 klg
nLnaxfb'/sf] gfdsfd pbfPsf] 5  . ef/tsf]
k|ltli7t ;flxTo csfbdL k'/:sf/ kfPsf] of] s[lt
c;ldof, lxGbL /a+ufnLdf cg"lbt eO;s]sf]5 .
o;afx]s IfqLsf ct[Kt -pkGof;_, em\ofp/] kf6L{df
nfUbf -lgaGw;+ux| _, nLnaxfb'/IfqLsf syfx¿
cflb s[lt k|sfzgdf 5g\ .
k|:tt' 5— ;Ddflgt n]vs nLnaxfb'/;u“ sf]
kmf]gjftf{ M
tkfO{n + ] ‘a;fO{’ s[ltsf] ;dk{0fdf ‘sflnsf]6’] 
gfdaf6 cfkm\gf lktfhLnfO{ ;Demg'ePsf]
/x5]   . Tof] sflnsf]6] lsg  <
xf], d]/ f lktfhL k|d] axfb'/ IfqLn] dnfO{
k|jf;df hubDaf>L
!= g/axfb'/ e08f/L,
l;lSsd, ef/t -@)$&_
@= g]kfnL ;flxTo ;Dd]ng,
bflh{lnª -@)$(_
#= OGb|axfb'/ /fO{,
bflh{lnª -@)%!_
$= xl/k;| fb …uf]vf{Ú /fO{,
gfufNofG8 -@)%@_
%= 7fs'/k; | fb u'/fufO{,
Dofgdf/ -@)%#_
] f] Pp6f @% ^= s[i0fk|sfz >]i7,
?; -@)%(_
] gÚ &= nLnaxfb'/ IfqL,
cf;fd -@)&@_
k9fOu'gfO / j[lQ ljsf;sf] km/s af6f]df
nfUg k|l/t gu/s ] f]] eP d cfh sxf“ x'Gy]+
xf]nf, eGg} ;lStg“  . p;a]nf d'unfg k|jf;df
cfpg] g]kfnL / k]6sf] ef]s, dgsf] ef]s,
lh1f;fsf] ef]s -cd]6 ef]s_ lgefpg cfpg]
g]kfnLsf] >]0fLdf pleP/ clt ;j{;fwf/0f clg
c1fgLsf] ¿kdf d cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ sflnsf]6]
pkgfd /fh ] s
] f] lyP“  .
‘a;fO’ pkGof;sf] ljifonfO{ g]kfnsf]
k"jL{ kxf8 t]xy| d
' sf] 5y/;w' fk x'b“ } ToxL
cf;kf;sf] kxf8L ;dfh s]lGb|t agfpg'ePsf]
5  . tkfO{s+ f] hGd / x'sf{Oa9fO ef/tsf]
c;d÷d]3fnodf ePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf]
;fdflhs oyfy{ s;/L yfxf x'g ;Sof] <
xf], t]x y| d' ufp“af6 d]/f lktf nfx'/ k:ge' Psf]
lyof] . ;g\ !(@^ df lktfhL c;d k|x/Ldf
egf{ ePsf]/s8{ ] 5 . sltko ;fdflhs lrq–
rl/qsf af/] lktfhLaf6 ;'gs ] f] lyP“ eg] sltko
;+jfb÷lzNkL u'jfx6L jf l;nf]ª;Dd sfdsf]
vf]hLdf cfO/xg] g]kfnL bfh'efOaf6 klg ptf/s ] f]
lyPF  . To;afx]s, cfkm\gf] afNosfndf d t]xy| d' sf]
k'Vof}n{ L ufp“df uP/ s]xL dlxgf a;]sf] klg lyP“  .
Tof] ;fdflhs oyfy{sf] b[Zolrqdf sNkgf ld;fPsf]
x'F .
cfh /fli6«o–cGt/fl{ i6«o txdf rrf{df cfO/xg
‘dfOu|;
] g’ zAbfy{df tkfO{+ slQsf] hfgsf/
x'gx' G' 5 h;sf]Pp6f ;fdflhs sf/0f ‘a;fO’
pkGof;df ^ bzscl3 pNn]v ePsf] lyof]  .
xf], kSs} klg o;af/] hfgsf/ 5'  . cl3sf]
;donfO{ ;fdGtL, zf]ifs /zfl;t o'u eGg
;lsG5  . wgL–ul/a, hftkft, prgLr, 5f]Ol56f]
;a} lyof]  . ToxL sf/0f …a;fOÚsf sf/0f To:t} lyP,
cem cfGtl/s a;fO–;/fO a9L lyof] xf]nf  . d'Unfg
l5g{,] nfx'/ hfg] jf k|jf;df pHofnf] vf]Hg k:gs ] f]
+ ] k'gh{Gd Tof] k':tf ljz]ifu/L ul/aLs} sf/0f
cfkm\gf] 3/÷;dfhaf6 lj:yflkt x'g] u/s ] f] lyof]  .
t/, cfhsf] …dfOu|; ] gÚ sltko cj:yfdf k'lu;/L
klg x'g yfn]sf] 5  . h:tf]— sfdsf] vf]hLdf xf]Og
ls ;kgfsf] vf]hLdf cd]l/sf, o'/fk] uP/ pt}
x/fpg] rng  . To;sf/0f cfh wg] / d}gfsf] syf
n]Vg'kbf]{ xf] t lgs} leGg x'g] lyof] xf]nf  . cl3cl3
b'Mv 5Ng …dfOu|; ] gÚ x'GYof], clxn] a9L ;'v vf]Hg
…dfOu|;
] gÚ eO/xs ] f] 5 h:tf] nfU5  .
tkfO{n+ ] Pp6f n3' cfsf/sf] pkGof; ‘a;fO’
n]Vg} @ jif{eGbf a9L nufpg'ePsf] /x5]   . of]
s[ltn] olQsf] gfd–sfd lbg ;Snf eGg]
nfu]sf] lyof]  <
xf], d}n
 ] of] s[ltsf] e"ldsfd} n]vs
] f] 5'—
kf7ssf] Xbosf] ltneGbf ;fgf] efu cf]u6\g kfof]
eg] a;fOn] s]xL dfqfdf ;flxTosf] ;]jf u/s ] }
 @)&#
…d ]/f] cfWofldstf ;+uLt
/ zAbaf6 cfp“5Ú
b'O{ cf]:sf/, b'O{ u|fdL, Ps–Ps afkm\6f / uf]N8]g Unf]a, rf/ /fli6«o / !%
lkmNdkm]o/ cjf8{ kfpg] ef/tdf sf]xL 5 eg] Pcf/ /xdfg dfq x'g\  . ;g\ @)!!
df ljZjk|l;4 Do'lhs Uofulhg ‘;ª\;nfOg’n] ‘ef]lnsf] Do'lhs cfOsg’ eg]/
pgsf] k|z+;f u/]sf] lyof]  . ;+uLtnfO{ cfTdf;“u hf]8\g dflx/ 5g\ pgL . cGtd{'vL
:jefjsf /xdfg;“u ‘6fOD; ckm OlG8of’sf cG;'n rt'j]{bLn] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf]
cg"lbt tyf ;Dkflbt czM
ObnuQ} hfkfgsf] km'sc ' f]sfdf u|fG8 k|fOh :6f/8dnfO{ x/fpg cd]l/sf hfg'k5{’, Pp6f
u|x0fkZrft\ tkfO{n + ] ‘cfw'lgstf c“ufNbf sygh:t} alg;s]sf] 5 of]  . tkfO{s
+ f] y/df
cfkm\gf] ;+:sl[ tnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg ufx|f] x'G5’ klg O:nfd emNsG5 . ha tkfO{+ a]nfotfdf 
eGg'eof] . /, ‘cfh ljZj w'hfw'hf x'g kkm{d ug{ hfg'xG' 5, k|z; + s tyf Toxf“sf]
nfu]sf] 5’ dfq eg]/ pQm k|;u + nfO{ TolQs} ;/sf/L k|0ffnLaf6 To:tf] dx;'; ug'x{ G' 5  <
5f]l8lbg'eof]  . o;sf] dtna O:nfdsf] slxn]klg u/]sf] 5}g . x[bosf]s'/f ubf{, d
;+:sl[ t / snfdf tkfO{h+ :tf] ;dembf/ dfgjtfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfxG5'  . /, d]/f] lbdfudf
dflg;sf] cfjfh ¥ofl8snx¿sf] ;fd' s'g} Ph]G8f  jf c¿ s]xL klg x'b“ g . } d;“u ljleGg
blaPsf] xf]  < wd{ dfGg]x¿ sfd u5{g \ . sf]xL  lkp“5g\, sf]xL

-s]x L a]/ ;f]Rb}_ k|To]s #) jif{df x/s
] wd{ zfsfxf/L 5g\  . sf]xL O;fO{, sf]xL a|Fx\d0f  . tkfO{n + ]
jf hfltn] o:tf] kl/l:ylt;“u d'sflanf ug'k{ 5{  . s]xL s'/f klg c¿dfly hah{:tL  ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg .
lsgls s]xL tŒjn] ef“8e}nf] l;h{gf ul//xs ] f cyjf c¿n]klg tkfO{n + fO{ hah{:tL  ug{ lbg'
x'G5g\  . OlGb/f ufGwLsf] xTofnuQ}, tkfO{+ ;Demg';, x'b“ g}   . d}n] cd]l/sL / a]nfotL;“u Jojxf/ u/s
] f]
lzvx¿=== -s]xL df}gtf_  . o:tf 36gfx¿ hlt 5' t/ pgLx¿nfO{ c;xh agfPsf] 5}g  . pgLx¿n]
x'G5g\, Tolt g} /fd|f] sfd ugk{' 5{  . eGg vf]hs ] f] klg dnfO{ To:tf] u/s ] f 5}gg\  . vf;df of] cfkm\gf]
ha g/fd|f] sfd x'G5, cem /fd|f] ul/gk' 5{  . hLjgnfO{ …xo\ fG8nÚ ug]{ tl/sf xf]  .
o;n] gf]S;fgLnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u5{  . d}n] ev{/} …b tkfO{s + f nflu tkfO{s + f] cf:yf 5gf]6sf] ljifo
lel;/fo] h xfp;Ú eGg] lkmNd u/,+] u'l/Gb/ rwfsf] xf]  . h:t,} ufos cbgfg ;fdLsf nflu
o; lkmNdn] ljefhg -ef/t–kfls:tfg_ df lsg pgsf] /fli6«otf 5gf]6sf] ljifo xf], hGdhft
lagfsf/0f nfvf}+ dflg; dfl/P eGg] k|Zg u5{  . xf]Og . o; cy{df tkfO{+ åGåsf a]nf cfkm\gf]
t/ /fhgLlt snfsf/sf] If]q xf]Og, Pp6f wf/0ff /fVg /fd|/L ;Sg'xG' 5  <
snfsf/sf] st{Jo ;w}+ dflg;nfO{ csf{] …:k; ] Údf d]/f nflu, xfdL h] l;S5f},+ Tof] rl/q, sfd /
n}hfg' xf]  . 8«U; jf cg}lts sfdlag} Toxf“;Dd cfTdfdf k|ltljlDat x'gk' 5{  . d s] af]N5' / s:tf]
k'/fpg]
 Ifdtf ;+uLt;“u x'G5 . ToxL eP/xfdL b]lvG5' eGg] dfq xf]Og  . d]/f aRrfx¿nfO{ oxL
xf] eGg] dnfO{ kg]5 {   . t/, g;f]rs
] } eof]  . cfh slj tyf ;+uLtsf/nfO{ dg k/fp“5f},+ lkmNd / elg/fV5' . tkfO{s + f]l;sfO sfdaf6 cfpg'k5{,
nLnaxfb'/ eGgf;fy w]/} g]kfnLefifLn] …P a;fOÚ lkmNdL snfsf/nfO{ klg  . /, d klg To;}sf] Pp6f g ls tkfO{s + f]klx/g jf x'lnofaf6 . o;n]vf;
eg]/ lrG5g\  . of] d]/f nflu g;f]rs ] f], gsNk]sf] efu x' “ . To;}n] hlt w]/} gsf/fTds sfdx¿ km/s kb}g{   .
k|flKt xf]  . ljz]iftM g]kfnL efiff;flxTodf s'g} x'G5g, Tolt g} a9L d Tof] …cfl6{:6 hf]gÚ df hfg hf] gd| tl/sfn] s]xL JofVof u5{g,\ pgLx¿
gfdlg;fg g/xs ] } cj:yfdf To; a]nf ;flxTosf/ / dflg;nfO{ d]/f] ;+;f/sf] cg'ej u/fpg rfxG5'  . slxn]sfxL+ dfq af]N5g\  . tkfO{h+ :tf] dfG5]
sdn bLlIft / If]qk|tfk clwsf/Ln] of] k':ts 5fKg] cf}/ªh]j df]8n, hxf“ ;+uLt O:nfd k|:6 jQmf x'g' h?/L 5}g < hals pu| dflg;
af6f] vf]lnlbPsf lyP h;sf sf/0f ;flxTodf d wd{cg';f/jlh{t x'G5 . ;'kmL df]8n, hxf“ af/Daf/ af]N5g\  .
af“rs] f] 5'  . ;+uLtn]Pp6f pRrtd txdf k'¥ofpg of]Uo ;d:of s] xf] eg], of] ;a ug{ cl3 ;bf{
agfp“5 . oL b'O{ ljk/Lt wf/aLr cfkm"nfO{ cfkm"n] ug'k{ g]{;+uLtrflx+ 5'65 \  . d;“u ;+uLts}
cfkm\gf] n]Vg] afgL jf cj:yf, s] sf/0fn] tkfO{ s;/L ;dfof]hg ug'x{ G' 5  < nflu k|z:t ;do 5}g, d l:qmK6 klg n]lv/xs ] f]
cfkm"nfO{ ‘l9nf] n]vs’ eGg ?rfpg'xG' 5  < d wfld{s kIf tyf l;4fGtsf s'/fdf hfg 5'  . af]Ng' d]/f] sfd xf]Og  . d}n] /fhgLlt, 3[0ff
xf], d 3/leq /xb“ fa:bf hlxn] klg sfuh– rfxGg“ . tkfO{n + fO{ Pp6f pbfx/0f lbG5', d xfn / cGo s'/fnfO{ ;“u} …l8nÚ ug'{ kb{g}   . d]/f] sfd
snd lnP/ emf]lqmPsf] x'G5'  . slxn]sfxL+ t y'k}| ;fn} tLyf{6gsf nflu ;fpbL c/asf] dlbgf uPsf] eg]sf] dgf]/~hg lbg] xf], ;'Gb/ ;+uLt l;h{gf ug]{
lbg;Dd emf]lqm“bf klg yfn]sf] n]vfO t'l/b+ g}   . lyP“, cfdf la/fdL x'gx' G' Yof] . d;“u efsn lyof] . xf]  . d]/f] cfWofldstf ;+uLt / zAbaf6 cfp“5  .
n]vfOdf lgs}l9nf]5' d . d'8 kv{g] afgL klg Toxf“sf] Ps ;fyLn] dnfO{ p;sf] 3/df lgdGq0ff d]/f] af]nL / ;dsIfLx¿;“u u/s ] f] Jojxf/af6
p:t} 5  . …a;fOÚ h:tf] ;fgf] pkGof; ;dfKt ug}{ u¥of]  . ;fyLsf] bfO Odfd -O:nfdsf] pRr kb_ cfp“5 . oxL ;ayf]s xf]/dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . ;a}eGbf 
klg emG8}b'O{ jif{ nfu]sf]lyof] . Pp6f d'8df Pp6f x'g \ . vfgf vfO;s]kl5  bfOn]d]/f]af/] ;f]w] . ;fyLn] d'Vo s'/f, /fd|f] sfd ul//fVg] xf]  . s]xL dflg;x¿
RofK6/ n]lv;s]kl5 km]l/ dlxgf}+ la;fof], clg km]l/ …;u+ Ltdf 5Ú eGof] ] . Odfdsf] cg'xf/df d':sfg df}g tl/sfn] sfd ul//xs ] f 5g\  . To:tf w]/n} fO{
hf]l8of]  . of] ;fob afgL xf]nf, gfgLb]lv nfu]sf] b]lvof], eg], …P ;+uLt, of] t eujfg\;Dd k'Ug] b]v÷] e]6s] f] 5'  . d}n] csf]6{ sf] gjfanfO{ e]6s ] f] 5',
afgL . efiff kf]xf] .Úd cRrldt eP“ . hals dnfO{ pgsf 5f]/fn] dnfO{ eGb} lyP— pgsf] kl/jf/n]
pgL qmf]lwt xf]nfg\ eGg] 8/ lyof]  . t/ To:tf] xhf/f+} dlGb/ / rr{nfO{ hldg bfg lbPsf] 5  .
g]kfnL ;flxTodf ‘dg
' fdbg’ kl5sf] nf]slk|o s]xL ePg  . To;}n] ha dflg;x¿ s]xL rLhnfO{ t/ of] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g  . pgLx¿n] zfGt
s[ltdWo]df ‘a;fO’nfO{ klg lng] ul/Psf] 5  < …ANofs PG8 x\jfO6Údf x]5g{ , ;fob pgLx¿ z}nLdf ul//xs ] f 5g\  . dnfO{ nfU5, ldl8ofn] klg
@ nfv k|lteGbf a9L laqmL eO;s]sf]s[ltsf s'g} hl6n s'/fnfO{ o;/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;'/lIft g/fd|fn ] fO{ /fd|f] s'/fn] …sfpG6/Ú ug'k{ 5{  . w'j| Ls/0f
cfwf/df sdfO slt eof]  < /fo
] N6L slQsf] x'G5g\  . of] Psbd} hl6n 5 / ;“u;“u} ;'Gb/ klg  . ug]{ dfq xf]Og  . ;a} s'/faf6 dflg;nfO{ hfgsf/
lgoldt lyof]  < d]/f] a'af sDkf]h/ x'gx' G' Yof]  . d}n] kfl/jfl/s k];f u/fpg'k5{ . xfdLn]ltdLx¿ o;df ljZjf;
xf], d cfkm\gf] cWoog / kl5sf] hLjgofkg c“ufln/xs ] f] 5'  . /, ;'lkmhdsf] ;'Gb/tf s] xf] eg] u/ eGg]eGbf klg pgLx¿nfO{ g} d"Nof+sg ug{
;a}sf lx;fadf g]kfn aflx/sf] aflx/} /x +] . 6f9f o;n] cgf}7f] tl/sfn] ;+uLtnfO{ hf]85 \   . To;}n] lbg'k5{ .
a;]/ lrghfg gePs} cj:yfdf klg d]/f] /rgf d]/f nflu oL b'O{ -cf}/ªh]j / ;'kmL_ kl5Nnf s]xL jif{x¿df xfd|f] lkmNd
:jLs[t x'g' / k|sflzt x'gs ' f] cy{ cfkm}d+ f …ljz]ifÚ aLrsf] ;DaGw clt /fd|f] lyof] -xf“;f]_  . pBf]u /fhgLlts jf j}rfl/s
/xo\ f]  . kl5 ;femf k|sfzgsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf uO{sg ;'lkmhdn] tkfO{n
+ fO{ O:nfd;“u nfOgdf yf]/} xb;Dd ljeflht x'b“ }
klg obfsbf Pp6} ;+:s/0fdf !) xhf/ k|lt;Dd kl/lrt u/fPsf] xf]  < uPsf] xf]  <
of] k':ts 5flkPsf] lyof]  . lgod / lx;facg';f/ xf], clxn] klg d To;d} 6f“l;Psf] o;df /fhgLlteGbf efjgfTds
;femf k|sfzgn] dnfO{ lgoldt /fo] N6L lbPsf] 5'  . o;n] dfgjtfsf] cfwf/et" axfj 5  . lsgls ;a}n] ;a}nfO{
lyof] . sdfOsf]lx;fa t ePg t/, d slxNo} d"No;“u ;Demf}tf ub}g{ / k|wfg x]gk{' /s
] f] 5  . sxL+ st} xfdL ;a}n]
a]lx;fa eg] /lxg“  . l;4fGtaf6 s'g} lx;fan] 6f9f hf“bg}   . ;a}nfO{ x]gk{' 5{ -olb xfdLn]
of] ;DejtM bf];f| ] jf t];f| ] txsf] of] pBf]udf ;“u} sfd ug]{
clg, ‘a;fO’ syfs} cfwf/df lgb]z{ s ;'jf; a'emfO xf] . lsgls ;a};txdf xf] eg]_  . /, xfdL To:tf]
uh'/n ] n] lkmNd klg agfPsf lyP  . To;sf 5g\  . x/s ] sf] clGtd OR5f tgfjdf 5f}+ eg], dnfO{
af/d
] f s] eGg'xG' 5  < csf]{ txsf] 1fg vf]Hg' nfU5 xfdL sfd ug{
x]g;{' ,\ oyfy{df sNkgf ld;fP/ d}n] …a;fOÚ xf], h'g x/fPsf] 5 ;Sb}gf} + . /, Tof] ;To xf]  .
n]vs
] f] lyP“, ^) jif{cl3  . Tof] syfdf c¿ sNkgf b'ef{Uoa; . lsgls ;a} st} g st}
/ s]xL z[ªu\ f/ yk]/ lkmNd cfPsf] /x5 ]   . /fd|} zfx¿v vfgn] hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ .
nfUof]  . t/, tkfO{n + ] a'em\g rfx]h:tf] of] lkmNdaf6 elg/xs
] f 5g\
eg] d}n] P8efG;df lgb]z { s uh'/n
] af6 % xhf/ ls ‘dleqsf] efjfg'jfb M uf]s0f{ uf}td
?k}of“ kfPsf]lyP“ . kl5 lkmNd ag]kl5 Pp6f
rSsf kfP“  . lkmNdafkt eg] d]/f] kfl/>lds Tolt
g} xf]  .
g]kfnsf] k'jL{ kxf8L ufp“df /xs ] f] lkt[ynf]sf]
cfwf/el" dn] tkfO{n + fO{ ‘a;fO’sf] kofo{jfrL
gfd lbof] . hLjgdf slxNo}klg cfkm\gf]ToxL
ynf]df kms]/{  hfpm“h:tf] nfu]g  <
x]g;{' ,\ lhGbuLdf ef]ufO / :j/} sNkgf b'O{ cnu
s'/f /x5 ] g\  . d g]kfn t x/s ] tLg÷rf/ dlxgfdf
k'lu/xG5'  . g]kfnL efiff÷;+:sl[ t / ;Eotfsf]
ckgTj tkfO{n + fO{ hlt 5, ;fob Tof]eGbf a9L
d;Fu xf]nf  . d}n] …a;fOÚ n]v/]  cfkm"h:t} k|afl;g
afWo g]kfnLefifLnfO{ g]kfnL ;dfh, ;+:sl[ t /
lytL a'emfpg rfx]sf]lyP“ . To;df d cfkm" ;kmn
ePh:tf] nfU5  . …a;fOÚsf] e"ldsfd} ^) jif{cl3
d}n+ ] n]vs] f] /x5
] ,' …kj| f;d} cfkm\gf] 3/ agfP/ a;]sf
xfdLx¿sf] eljio xfdL a;]s} b]zl;t uf“l;Psf]
5 tfklg xfd|f] efiff, ;+:sl[ t g]kfnL g} xf] /,
cf–cfkm\gf] ;flxTo, ;+:+ sl[ t ;a}nfO{
Kof/f] x'G5  .Ú
csf{lt/, dnfO{ dfg–;Ddfg, klxrfg h]
hlt lbPsf] 5, g]kfnL efiff–;flxTon] lbPsf] 5  .
e"uf]ndf d h]htf a;] klg d g]kfnL x',“ g]kfnLefifL
x'F . dnfO{ o;}df uj{ 5 .
C M Y K