Civil Engineering Mathematics III

Chapter 1
Multivariable Function
1.3.2 CHAIN RULE
1.3.3 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
1.3.2 Chain Rule
Previously, if 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

Currently, If 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is a differentiable function of 𝑥 and 𝑦, where 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑡)

and 𝑦 = ℎ(𝑡);
𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Example 3: Chain Rule
1 𝑑𝑧
Given 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , where 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = 2𝑡 3 . Find
𝑡2 𝑑𝑡
Solution
𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡
2
= 2𝑥 − + 2𝑦(6𝑡 2 )
𝑡3
1 2
=2 − + 2 2𝑡 3 6𝑡 2
𝑡2 𝑡3
−4
= + 24𝑡 5
𝑡5
1.3.3 Implicit Partial Differentiation
Previously, single variable 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑦
= ; 𝑦 = 2𝑦 ; 𝑦 = 3𝑦 2 ; ln 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Currently, more than one variable

𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 , if 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 0 (R.H.S of equation is 0)
𝜕𝑧 𝑓 𝜕𝑧 𝑓𝑦
= − 𝑥 =−
𝜕𝑥 𝑓𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝑓𝑧

𝑓𝑧 ≠ 0
Example 4: Implicit
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
Given 4𝑥 2 𝑧 4 − 5𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑧 2 = 𝑥, where 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 , find and
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Solution
R.H.S of
Rearrange 4𝑥 2 𝑧 4 − 5𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑧 2 − x = 0 equation is 0
𝜕𝑧 𝑓 8𝑥𝑧 4 −0+𝑦 2 −0−1 Differentiate to x
= − 𝑥 = − 2 3 Differentiate to z
𝜕𝑥 𝑓𝑧 16𝑥 𝑧 −15𝑦𝑧 2 +0−6𝑧−0
𝜕𝑧 𝑓𝑦
=− =?
𝜕𝑦 𝑓𝑧