MODE

Mode or modal value  is the value that occurs maximum times in a set of observations
and around which the other items of set cluster densely.
In other words, we can say that it is that value of the variable which has maximum frequency. 
Example : Find the modal value of 23,25,23,45,23,41,25,23,46 
From the given data we can see that 23 occurs maximum time so the modal value of the given
data is 23.
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Example : Find the modal value of 123,132,145,176,180,120 
From the above data we can see that no number is repeating, each observation is occurring only
once so there is no modal value.
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Example : Find the modal value of 13, 15, 15, 13 ,16,18,15,13,17,14,14 
Solution : 

Observations Frequency
13 3
14 2
15 3
16 1
17 1
18 1
So from the above table 13 and 15 are occurring maximum times so modal value is 13 and 15
both.
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Computation of modal value for continuous Frequency Distribution 
First obtain the frequency distribution and determine the class of maximum frequency. That class
will be the modal class. And then use the following formula to find the modal value. 
Where
l = Lower limit of the modal class.
f = Frequency of the modal class.
h = width of the modal class.
f1 = Frequency of the class preceding the modal class.
f2 = Frequency of the class following the modal class.
ADVANTAGES OF MODE

 The mode or modal value of a distribution is that value of the variable for which the frequency
is maximum.The number which is repeated maximum number of times is the mode.

1) It is readily comprehensible and easy to compute. In some case it can be computed merely by
inspection.
2) It is not affected by extreme values. It can be obtained even if the extreme values are not
known.
3) Mode can be determined in distributions with open classes.
4) Mode can be located on the graph also.
5) If all the data are not given then also mode can be calculated.
6) It is easy to understand.
7) It is the most observed data point.
8) Sometimes we get more than one mode and sometimes there is no mode,that gives us the
characteristics of the data. 

DISADVANTAGES OF MODE
1) It is ill defined. It is not always possible to find clearly defined mode. In some cases, we may
come across distributions with two modes. Such distributions are called Bimodal. If a
distribution has more than two modes, it is said to be Multimodal.
2) It is not based upon all the observation. 
3) Mode can be calculated by various formulae as such the value may differ from one to other.
Therefore, it is not rigidly defined.
4) It is affected to a greater extent fluctuations of sampling. 

USES

Mode is used by manufacturers of ready- made garments, shoes and accessories in common use
etc. The ready made garment manufacturers made those sizes more which are used by most of
the persons than the other sizes. Similarly, the makers of shoes will make that size maximum
which the majority people use and others in less quantity. Mode is used when the data is
categorized.
APPLICATION OF FORMULA

jio airtel years

11 25 1
15 32 2
45 40 3
45 15 4
13 45 5
17 58 6
15 65 7
31 80 8

RESULT
INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
 Mode provide values that appears most often

 So mode in the abobe question if 15

 It tell us that 15 is the only common figure in both groups

 Jio has 15 tower in 2nd year and airtel got 15 towers in 4th year

 Result i.e mode comes out 15