TCVN 8421-2010

a. Wind setup due to maximum wind speed h

* Formula:
2
V D
h = 2.10-6 gH cosS (m) (2-3)
In which: V – maximum wind velocity (m/s); D – fetch (m); g – gravitational velocity (m/s2); H –
water depth in front of dam (m); s – angle between the primary wind direction and the normal of dam
alignment.
b. Wind climb-up.
According to TCVN 8421-2010, the wind climb-up with frequency of 1% calculated as:
hsl1% = K1 . K2 . K3 . K4 . K. hs1% (2-4)
In which: hs1% - wave height with frequency 1%;
K1, K2, K3, K4 , K - the dependent coefficients.
* hs1% determined in TCVN 8421-2010:
- Assume the wave propagation in shoaling water regions:

(H > 0,5 λ ) (2-5)

gt gD
- Calculate the dimensionless terms: V , V 2 , in which t – the continuous wind blowing
(sec). When it is lacked of data, t = 6 hours (for reservoirs).
- According to the graph, based on the top curve in P2-1 determine the dimensionless terms:
gh gτ
2
V and V (choosing the minimum values)
g h́ gτ
+ ¿❑ =¿( 2 ; )1
V V V g h́ gτ
Choosing: ( ; ¿
gD g h́ gτ V2 V
+ =¿( 2 ; )2
V V
2
V

gh V 2 gτ
∗V
h .  m V
h τ  V 2 g τ=
from which determine và ; and g

The wavelength λ calculated as below:

2
gτ
λ=
2π (m) (2-6)
- Checking the wave height in deep waters follow (2-5)

- Estimate hs1% = K1% . h

 gD
2
In which K1% is interpolated from graph P2-2 based on V .
- Coefficient K1, K2 taken from P2-3, depending on the characteristics of upstream slope protection
and the relative roughness of upstream protection slope;
- Coefficient K3 taken from P2-4, depending on wind velocity and slope steepness (preliminary
estimated the slope steepness ).
λ
- K4 taken from graph P2-3, rely on slope steepness m and
hs 1%
- Coefficient K depends on , taken from P2-6.
Table P2-3. Coefficient K1, K2 for wave climb-up height with 1%
(TCVN 8421-2010)
Relative roughness
Characteristics of upstream slope protection K1 K2
/h1%
Concrete (reinforced concrete), gravel, stones or - 1 0,9
protected by concrete blocks (reinforced concrete) < 0,002 1 0,9
0,005 - 0,01 0,95 0,85
0,02 0,90 0,80
0,05 0,80 0,70
0.10 0,75 0,60
> 0,20 0,70 0,50

Table P2-4. Coefficient K3 for wave climb-up height with 1%

(TCVN 8421-2010)
Slope steepness m 0,4 0,4 - 2 3-5 >5
Wind speed > 20m/s 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
K3 Wind speed  10m/s 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2

Table P2-5. Coefficient Ki for wave climb-up height with 1%

(TCVN 8421-2010)
i% 0,1 1 2 5 10 30 50
Ki 1,1 1 0,96 0,91 0,86 0,76 0,68

Table P2-6. Coefficient K for wave climb-up height with 1%

(TCVN 8421-2010)

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
(degree)
K 1 0,98 0,96 0,92 0,87 0,82 0,76
 

H a) s H b) ch

s h ch
h

h/ h/

H c) P max H d) Mmax
® h m 2
h hH H
2
h(H+ ) h( + + )
2 6 2 6

h/ h/
 gτ g h́
( ;
V V2 ) 2

gτ g h́
( ;
V V2 ) 1
An earthfill dam with upstream slope steepness m=3 is raising up 20m water head at the upstream. The wind
direction is 100 with respect to the normal dam axis. Wave fetch is 3km and the wind velocity v = 19m/s, the
wind is continuously blowing for 6 hours.
1. Calculate the wave height at 1% frequency
2. Determine the wave climb-up height given the slope is rip-rap stone protected with the roughness
=3cm1
3. Estimate the dam crest elevation given the NWL = 145 msl and grade III