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Solutions HW 2
Solutions HW 2
x(t) = 7.8 cos(5t – 130) = 7.8 sin(5t -130 + pi/2) = 7.8 sin(5t -40 deg) = 7.8 sin(5t + 320 deg)
Note: we could have started with A sin (5t + theta) = A sin(5t) cos(theta) + A cos(5t) sin(theta)
where A cos(theta) = 6
and A sin(theta) = -5
which yields arctan(theta) = -5/6 => theta = -40 deg
A = sqrt(36 + 25) = 7/8
theta = 360 -40 = 320 deg => 7.8 sin(5t + 320)
2.3) Convert sine to cosine and apply Eq. 2.9. Be sure to evaluate the sine and cosine in
degrees.
x(t) = 30 sin(2t + 50) = 30 cos (2t – 40) =
= 30 cos (40) cos(2t) + 30 sin (40) sin (2t)
= 23 cos(2t) + 19 sin (2t)
2.4) Convert the three sinusoidal terms to sine and cosine components. Add like terms (Eq.
2.12) to generate a single sine and cosine term, the combine into a single sinusoid using Eq. 2.10
and 2.11. Note that the arctan function give phase in radians which should be converted to
degrees as commonly used in this text for phase.
x(t) = 5 cos(10t + 30) + 2 sin (10t – 20 + 6 cos(10t +80)
5 cos (10t + 30) = 5 cos (‐30) cos (10t) + 5 sin (‐30) sin (10t) = 4.3 cos (10t) – 2.5 sin (10t)
2 sin (10t – 20) = 2 cos (10t – 110) = ‐0.68 cos(10t) + 1.88 sin (10t)
6 cos (10t + 80) = 1.04 cos (10t) – 1.88 sin (10t)
x(t) = (4.3 – 0.68 + 1.04) cos (10t) + (‐2.5 + 1.88 – 5.91) sin (10t)
= 4.66 cos (10t) – 6.53 sin (10t) = 8.02 cos (10t + 0.95(360/2π))
x(t) = 8.02 cos (10t + 54.5)
2.5) Find the frequency in Hz, apply Eq. 2.7, but convert the sine to a consine.
x1 = cos (10t + 20) x2 = sin (10t - 10 )
2 10 2 1.59
Convert sine to cosine: sin (10t – 10) = cos (10t – 100)
2
Δθ = 20 ‐ (‐100) = 120 deg = 0. 210 sec
.
2.6) Appendix C gives the need identity: sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
sin (ωt + θ) = sin (θ) cos (ωt) + cos (θ) sin (ωt)
= a cos (ωt) + b sin (ωt) where a = sin (θ); b = cos (θ)
2.11) Apply Eq. 2.16* directly:
cos 2 sin 2 where 2πf = 2π since f = 1 and T = 1
cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 | 0 0 0
4
*Note typo in text. Should read: “Use Equation 2.16…” Same for Problem 2.12
2.12) Apply Eq. 2.16* directly:
/
cos 2 /
cos 2
.
1 sin 2 | 1 sin 2 | .
0
2.13) Apply Eq. 2.16* directly where: x(t) = cos (2π 0.5t); y(t) = 0.5t – 0.5; T = 2.0 sec
cos 0.5 0.5 0.25 cos 1
0.25 cos cos 0.25 cos cos
0.25 cos sin sin 0.25 1 1 0 0 = 0