160 _ CHAPTER Six Etfective slab width = 6-34 FIGURE 6-33. Effective width of slab for transfer of unbalanced moment. Where by and by are the dimensions of the punching, shear critical perimeter parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the span of the slab (see Figures 6-34 and 6-35). Interior columns: by =; +d; b= ca +d Comer columns: by = ¢ + 05d; by = + 05d Edge columns: by = c + O.5d; by = en +d ‘Where, ; is the column cross-sectional dimension par- allel to the span of the slab, and c, is the column cross- sectional dimension in the transverse direction. When shear caps are used, the values of cy and ¢> will reflect the increased critical shear perimeter, and for an inte- rior column, the revised ¢; will be Cicoluma + 2hchearcap: Similarly, the revised ¢» will be Cxotumn + 2shear-cap For columns where by = bo, 9p will be 0.6 and is 0.4, For this case, 60% of the unbalanced moment is transferred from the slab to the column by flexure, and the remaining, 40% is transferred by eccentricity of the shear about the centroid of the critical section. A linear distribution of the shear stress about the cen- ‘roid of the critical section is assumed for the factored shear stress caused by unbalanced moment, y.M, (ACI Code, Section 844.23) as shown in Figure 634 for interior and edge columns, where M, is the fac- tored unbalanced moment transferred from the slab to the column. For edge columns, the unbalanced gravity load ‘moments to be transferred from the slab to the column must be at least 0.3M,. That is, M, = 0.30M, (ACI Code, Section 8107.3) ‘The maximum factored shear stresses under com- bined shear and unbalanced moment are given as: YoMuCan 4 YeMutan Te _ YoMycco Je 5 Vttowable < Vattowable where 'M, = factored unbalanced moment ‘yes as defined previously at the beginning of this section, ‘The allowable concrete shear stress in two-way shear is the smallest of the following equations from ACI Code, Table 22.6.5.2: 1 = AOAV no d2+ Dive nna avg = 0.75 for shear The parameter, J,, which is analogous to the polar moment of inertia of the critical section about the cen- troidal axis can be calculated as follows [1]: For Interior Columns—ACI Code, Section R8-4.4.23 (Gee Figures 6-34(a) and 6-35): |. = area of the critical surface for two-way shear (by + be + by + ba)(d) = 2(b, + bo) =2qtdtatd) =2ulcy +e + 2a) cas = Ceo = (61 + d)/2 ater +d e+ dd? dee + Alert a? 6 6 2 For Edge Columns with moment perpendicular to the edge (see Figure 6-34(b)): Ac= area of the critical surface for two-way shear (a+8)es (a8 rae = Qe te + 2d)d n att (+4)(ay(0) + (o+2) 5 2am carate +(a+3) erase) (oe © dle + 2 + 2a) ke=Je ceo = 1 + 5 — Cap m162 CHAPTER SIX GonlS 2B Astop and 7 (acis73) \ peimater or gene beam, or perimeter wall = Gond’S Gon | Applies where one or more perimeter beams has > 10, 2. Nix. arspacinais 2h whore isthe la thickness FIGURE 6-96 Plan view, slab comer reinforcing (ref, ACLR8.73.1). Comer Columns: The equations for A- and Je for comer column connections are considerably more cumbersome to derive and are not given in this text. ‘The interested reader should refer to Park and Gamble [1] for these equations. Corner Reinforcement in Beam or Wall-Supported Two-Way Slabs (ACI 8.7.3) When a two-way slab is supported on perimeter walls or beams with ay greater than 1.0, reinforcement shall be provided at the top and bottom of the slab at the exterior comer of the slab to resist a factored moment equal to the maximum factored positive moment per unit width in the slab panel. The reinforcement shall be extended in both orthogonal directions from the edge of the slab a distance of 20% of the longer end span of the slab panel as shown in Figure 6-36 (ACI Code, Section R8.73.1) Effective Depth of Two-Way Slabs Since the top and bottom reinforcement in two-way slabs are placed in two orthogonal directions, the effective depth in the two directions will be different (Gee Figure 6-37). ‘Typically, the reinforcement spanning the long irection of the slab panel is placed nearest to the bot- tom and top surfaces of the slab, and therefore will have a larger effective depth because of the larger ‘moments in the longer span direction. Since the effec- tive depth is a variable that is needed to design two- way slabs, an effective depth needs to be assumed for both directions. Assuming interior clear cover to the reinforcement of 3” and assuming #6 rebar in both irections, the approximate effective depths in the et an ong Concrete orgs FIGURE 6-87 Effective depth in two-way slab.164 CHAPTER SIX 27.0" 9 22.0" 9 @ xx 9 caver Ly) yest Dr Fab ge | [EE 22.0" Typ 2 design sfrip=22 “I vl all A —7 FT eke | g 9 tf, 2 z wer} 32 cose “Ganer “ayes | ot 5 a ei | fq 26 coun | Goss 4 5 Hl i| il, z SI anit] 32 (2y4T (14) —— “| cour § | r Ta 8 Tra 4 Oo Gm 2 Sone unite] = q 459" width (9p. at allege columns) secon) a andT uy, Typ = Top upper layer of rink TL = Top lower layer of rik By =Bottom upp ayer of ring. B= Bottom lower ayer of rein. SE Column Sip MS = Middle Strip shear cap (ypical) Notes |LAteas where rebar not shown must ako be file in, in both directions. See figure 6-38 for rebar details 2.Forstructral integrity reinforcement at least two ‘tom bars in the column strip must pass within the column with FIGURE 6-39 Typical layout of reinforcement in a two-way slab. anchored at the exterior supports, and standard hooks are typically used to provide the anchorage. ‘The structural integrity reinforcement provides the ‘two-way slab with some residual strength or capac- ity that prevents progressive collapse in the event that punching shear failure occurs at one column. The typical arrangement of two-way slab reinforce- ment is shown in Figure 6-39. Minimum Reinforcement in Two-Way Slabs ‘The minimum reinforcement helps to control cracking, in the slab and are given as follows: For f, = 60,000 psi: = 9.0018(60,000) ty . __0.0018(60,000) 7 fy 0.0014(12in.)(H) Asmin (12 in.\(h) in? /ft = 0.00144, in2yt For f, < 60,000 psi: Avmin = 0.002 Ay = 0,002(12in.)(h) in2/fe For thick two-way slabs such as transfer slabs, podium slabs, and mat foundations, continuous rein- forcement should be provided in both orthogonal directions at the top and bottom faces of the thick slab (ACT Code, Section R8.6.1.1). This ensures that any