Detailing Reinforced Concrete Structures 345 In some cases, the bar fabricator may also act as the placing subcontractor. It is general practice in the United States for all reinforced concrete used in building projects to be designed, detailed, and fabricated in accordance with the latest ACI Code. In addition, the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute regularly publishes its ‘Manual of Standard Practice [2], which contains the lat- est recommendations of the reinforcing steel industry for standardization of materials and practices. Techniques have also been developed that make use of electronic computers and other data-processing equipment to facilitate the generation of bar lists and other components of the detailing process. This not only aids in standardization and accuracy of the docu- ments produced but also can be readily incorporated into the stock control system and the shopwork plan- ning of the reinforcing steel fabricator. 13-2 PLACING OR SHOP DRAWINGS The placing drawing (commonly called a shop draw- ing) consists of a plan view with sufficient sections to larify and define bar placement. Assuch, itis the guide that the ironworkers will use as they place the reinforc- ing steel on the job. In addition, the placing drawing will contain typical views of beams, girders, joists, col- umns, and other members as necessary. Frequently, tabulations called “schedules” are used to list similar members, which vary in size, shape, and reinforcement details. A bar list, bending details, or both may or may not be shown on the placing drawing, as some fabrica- tors not only have their own preferred format but pre- fer the list to be prepared as.a separate entity. ‘The preparation of the placing drawing is based on the complete set of contract documents and generally contains only the information necessary for bar fabri- cation and placing. Building dimensions are not shown, unless they are necessary to locate the steel properly. ‘The structural drawing (Figure 13-2), which is a part of the structural plans of the contract documents, is the drawing on which the placing drawing is based. Figure 13-3 shows a placing drawing of the same sys- tem shown in Figure 13-2. This building is an example of a framing system that uses girders between col- tumns to support beams, which in turn support one- way slabs. The girders support only two-thirds of the ‘beams; the remainder frame directly into the columns. ‘The structural drawing, as may be observed, shows the floor plan view locating and identifying the structural elements, along with views of typical beams, girders, and slabs and their accompanying sched- ules. The placing drawing supplements the structural drawing by furnishing all the information necessary for bar fabrication and placement. ‘The precise size, shape, dimensions, and location of each bar are fur- nished, using a marking system discussed later in this chapter. Information relative to bar supports may also be included. Figure 1333 illustrates a placing drawing, that includes placing data for bar supports, as well as a bending details schedule. Placing drawings, in addition to controlling the placement of the steel in the forms, serve as the ba for ordering the steel. Therefore, a proper interpreta tion of the contract documents by the fabricator is absolutely essential. Generally, all placing drawings are submitted to the architect or engineer for checking and review for conformance to the specifications and contract documents before shop fabrication begins. 13-3 MARKING SYSTEMS AND BAR MARKS With respect to buildings, two identification systems are required. The first involves the identification of the various structural members, and the second involves the identification of the individual bars within the members. The marking system for the structural mem- bers may consist of an alphabetical-numerical iclen- tification for each beam, girder, and slab, with the columns designated numerically as in Figures 13-2 and 13.3. Also used is a system of alphabetical and numeri- cal coordinates in which the centerlines of columns are numbered consecutively in one direction and lettered ‘consecutively in the other. A coordinate system may bbe observed in the foundation-engineering drawing of Figure 13-4, where a column may have a coordinate designation such as B2 or C3. The system is generally ‘established on the architectural and structural draw- ings and adopted by the detailer, unless the detailer requires a more precise identification system. Footings, as may be observed in Figure 13-4, are generally designated with an F prefix followed by a number, such as Fl and F3, without regard to a coor- dinate system. Footing piers or pedestals may be iclen- tified using the coordinate system, such as B2 or D4, or may be designated with a P prefix followed by a number, such as P1 or P3. Beams, joists, girders, lin- tels, slabs, and walls are generally given designations that indicate the specific floor in the building, the type of member, and an identifying number. For example, 1G2 indicates a first-floor girder numbered 2, and RB4 indicates a roof beam numbered 4. In some situations, the floor designation is omit- ted, as shown in Figures 13-2 and 13-3. The beams and girders are then designated with a prefix B or G, respectively, followed by a number (eg, B4 or G2). In some cases, suffixes have been added, such as G2A, indicating that there isa difference in the member. ‘Along with a marking system established for the structural members, a system of identifying and