CHM256

BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: STANDARDIZATION OF HCl SOLUTION WITH Na2CO3 PRIMARY STANDARD

EXPERIMENT NO: 1

NAME(S) AND: FARAH NABIHAH BINTI SUHAIMI (2018446104)

STUDENT ID

GROUP: AS1204_D ITEM MARK

RESULT / DATA
DATE:
DATA ANALYSIS
LECTURER: MADAM ROZAINA BINTI SALEH QUESTION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
FORMAT
TOTAL
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the exact molarity of a hydrochloric acid solution.

APPARATUS:
100 mL beaker
250 mL volumetric flask
250 mL conical flask
25 mL pipette
Burette
Retort stand

CHEMICALS:
Na2CO3
Concentrated HCl
Methyl orange indicator

PROCEDURE:
(a) Preparation of 0.05 M Na2CO3 solution

1. Weigh accurately about 1.33 g of Na2CO3. Record the exact

mass of the Na2CO3.
2. Dissolve the Na2CO3 in about 50 mL water in a 100 mL
beaker.
3. Transfer the solution into a 250 mL volumetric flask. Rinse
the beaker with distilled water.
4. Add distilled water to the mark. Stopper the flask. Shake it by
turning it upside down a few times to make the solution
homogeneous.

(b) Preparation of a dilute HCl solution

1. Transfer about 2.2 mL of concentrated HCl into a 250 mL

beaker containing a little water.
2. Dilute the acid to approximately 250 mL with distilled
water.

(c) Standardization of the dilute HCl solution

1. Fill a burette with the dilute HCl solution prepared in (b)

above. Record the initial burette reading.
2. Pipette 25.0 mL of the standard Na2CO3 into a 250 mL
conical flask. Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator.
 3. Titrate the Na2CO3 in the conical flask with the HCl from
the burette slowly while shaking the flask until the
indicator colour change from yellow to red. Record the
burette reading at the end point of the titration.
4. Repeat the titration 3 times. Record all your data in a table
as shown in the datasheet.
5. Calculate the exact molarity of the HCl solution.

RESULTS:

1. Weight of Na2CO3 used = 1.33 g

2. Standardization of HCl with Na2CO3 solution.

  Rough 1 2 3
Initial burette reading (mL) 0 0 0 0
Final burette reading (mL) 26 26.8 26.9 26.5
Volume of HCl used (mL) 24 23.2 23.1 23.4

3. Calculate the molarity of the HCl solution

Mass
Mole Na2CO3:
Molar Mass

1.33 g
:
106 g ∕ mol

: 0.013 mol

molⅇs of solute
Molarity of Na2CO3:
volume of solution

0.013 g
:
0.25 L

: 0.052 M

Molarity of HCl: 0.052 M × 2

: 0.104 M
QUESTION

Calculate the molarity of the concentrated HCl.

23.2+ 23.1+ 23⋅ 4

Average of HCl used:
3

: 23.23 ml

: 0.02323 L

Concentration of HCl used = Concentration HCl concentrated

M1V1=M2V2

(0.104) (0.02323) = M2 (0.0022)

M2 = 1.10 M

DISCUSSION

Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity) of a solution.

Titration is one type of analytical procedure often used in standardization. In a titration, an exact
volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of another substance. Titration is the
slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of
another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is
often indicated by a colour change. The titrant must satisfy the necessary requirements to be a
primary or secondary standard. In short, titration is a technique to determine the concentration of
an unknown solution. The purpose of the titration is the detection of the equivalence point, the
point at which chemically equivalent amounts of the reactants have been mixed.

The point at which the reaction is complete in a titration is referred to as the endpoint. A
chemical substance known as an indicator is used to indicate (signal) the endpoint. The indicator
used in this experiment is phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein, an organic compound, is colourless
in acidic solution and pink in basic solution.

There are also a few precaution during titration that need to be alert such as make sure there are
no air bubble in the nozzle of the burette before taking the initial reading, make sure to kept in
eye level when taking the reading of the burette or pipette with the liquid surface and make sure
to continuously shake the conical flask when the titration begin.
CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, the exact molarity of hydrochloric acid is 1.10 M. The objective is achieved.

REFERENCES

Eddy, D. (n.d.). Chemistry 104: Standardization of Acid and Base Solutions. Retrieved from
http://www.chem.latech.edu/~deddy/chem104/104Standard.htmLibretexts. (2019, June 23).

Titration. Retrieved from

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Demos,_Techniques,_and_Experim
ents/General_Lab_Techniques/Titration