Revision Session 3

ENGL112 – Richard II

Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5

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1 1 1 1 1
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2 2 2 2
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3 3 3 3
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4 4 4 4
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5
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6
Notes
 Lecture
 Seminar Work

ENGL113 – Critical Race Theory

Reading
 Toni Morrison, Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American
Presence in American Literature, (pp. 1673-84)
 Herman Melville, Chapters 10, 12, 42, 72, 93, 129, Moby Dick

Questions for the Week

 What is the influence of race and racism on literature? In what ways

does it manifest in a text?
 Is whiteness a race? How can we read white characters in light of critical
race theory?
 How do writers represent their own racial identity in both form and
content?
Key Words
  Representation  Aesthetics
 The Canon  Slavery
 Racism  Critical Whiteness Studies
Notes
 Lecture
 Seminar Work

ENGL116 – Psycholinguistics

Reading

 Aitchison, J. (2007). The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to

Psycholinguistics. Abington and New York: Routledge, 5th edn. Chapter 2.
 Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, and William M. Fields. (2000). ‘Linguistic,
Cultural and Cognitive Capacities of Bonobos (Pan Paniscus)’, Culture &
Psychology, 6: pp.131-153.

Threshold Concepts

 From signs as ‘carriers’ of meaning to meaning as an integral part of the

sign.
 Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and
mind.
 Attempts to teach animals human language can tell us:
 (a) how human language differs from other communication
systems;
 (b) the extent to which non-human animals are predisposed
towards language;
 (c) how language evolved in our hominid ancestors.
 Bonobos naturally communicate with one another multi-modally:
through vocalisations, gestures, and proto-writing.
 With the introduction of lexigrams, bonobos can communicate with
humans.
 Lexigrams facilitate symbolism and grammar (systematic rules).
 When symbolism and grammar are combined, they allow creativity in
language.
 Higher animals display first-order intentionality (they have attitudes
towards things).
  The introduction of (creativity in) language allows Theory of Mind
(understanding that other people have minds, too), and hence second-
order intentionality (other people’s minds can be changed by my
language).
 From observing bonobos ‘on the brink of language’, we can infer that
there came a point in human evolution at which modality, symbolism
and grammar came together to enable language, and hence culture,
history, etc.
 The evolutionary advantage of language is that it facilitates very large
social groups, and social networks (being a member of more than one
social group simultaneously).

Basic Linguistic Analysis Concepts

 Modality
 Symbol
 Grammar
 Creativity
 Intentionality (first-order; second-order)
 Social group; social network
Notes
 Lecture
 Seminar Work