‫ א‬‫ א‬

E‫א‬F ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬

3
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 Modulation‫א‬
 W
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Modulating Signal ‫א‬  EF    ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ Carrier Wave 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Antennas
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Demodulation)‫א‬E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬،
،(f) ‫א‬،(C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ fm = 3000 Hz‫א‬
 C = λ x f W(λ)‫א‬
 C = 3 x 108 m/sW
 W‫א‬λ‫א‬
λ = 3 x 108 / 3000 = 105 m = 100Km
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ λ/2E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(50 Km)E50F
‫؛‬(fc= 30 MHz)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Wλ‫א‬
8 6
λ =3 x 10 / 30 x 10 = 10 m
‫א‬‫؛‬λ/2E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5 Km)E5F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W(vc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
vc = Vp sin (ωt + φ)
 Vp = Peak value‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ω = Angular velocity (ω = 2 π f)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 φ = Phase angle‫א‬‫א‬
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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬Vp‫א‬AME‫א‬F‫א‬  J1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FM‫א‬  J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PM‫א‬‫א‬  J3

 E‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
7 ‫א‬
AM (DSBSC) ‫א‬‫א‬
 2‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEAM DSBSCFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
Carrier wave‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬
 KInformation signal‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  J1
K  J2
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 W
 K Information signal‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K Carrier wave‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 DSBSC, DSBFC and SSB    
 K‫א‬،‫א‬E1-7F‫א‬
 

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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

v c t   Vc cos2f c t  Carrier signal

 
v m t   Vm cos2f m t  Information signal

 
 E1-7F
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 WModulated wave‫א‬‫א‬
 K(fc)‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4
 W‫א‬
 
E = Ec + em‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

em = Em sin ωmt‫א‬ J

  E = Ec + Em sin ωmt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 Modulation index (factor)"m = Em / Ec "‫א‬

E = Ec + m Ec sin ωmt
E =Ec(1 + m sinωmt)
 e = E sin ωctWAM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  e = Ec (1 + m sin ωmt) sin ωctW
‫א‬ETwo sin wavesF‫א‬‫א‬
 sin x sin y = 1/2[cos(x-y) – cos(x+y)]W‫א‬‫א‬
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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

W
 e = Ec sin ωct + (mEc/2) cos(ωc – ωm)t - (mEc/2) cos(ωc + ωm)t
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ec sin ωct‫א‬‫ א‬ J1
(mEc/2) cos(ωc + ωm)tEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2
(mEc/2) cos(ωc – ωm)tELSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E2-7F‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
  f c + f m (max)f c - f m (max)
K‫א‬WEf m (max) F،‫א‬‫א‬WEf cF
EUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BW‫א‬‫א‬
BW = USB- LSB
BW = 2 f m (max).
Amplitude

Lower Sideband Upper Sideband

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
f c - f m (max) fc f c + f m (max)

AM DSBSCE2 J7F W‫א‬‫א‬ 

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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 E3-7F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE3-7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
DC signal, V DC = 1 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K4
Y1/div = 2 V, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = DUAL
 KEmodulation coefficient k MF‫א‬ K5
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K7
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE4-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K8
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
Triangular-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫א‬K10
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
- 38 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 KE5-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K13
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE6-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫א‬K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE7-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc t   7.5 sin 2 πf c t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 39 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

W‫ א‬
VY1
kM 
VY2

 E5-7F E4-7F

E7-7F E6-7F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m

- 40 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K1
a. RF _______________ _______________
b. LF _______________ _______________
c. HF _______________ _______________
d. LSB _______________ _______________
e. USB _______________ _______________
f. DSB _______________ _______________

 ‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K2
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 _______________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K3
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

 W‫ א‬
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________

- 41 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

8 ‫א‬
AM (DSBFC) ‫א‬‫א‬
2‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EAM DSBFCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF
W‫ א‬
،‫א‬EAM DSBSCF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K( AM DSBFCF ( AM DSBSC)
 W‫א‬
،EAM DSBSCF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
EAM DSBFCF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE1-8F‫א‬
Source Information AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
Signal

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

  Signal Signal
E1-8F
 K‫א‬EDCFW‫א‬‫א‬
 W،EAM DSBFCFE2-8F‫א‬
Ef m (max)F،‫א‬‫א‬Ef cF،Ef cFE f c + f m,FEf c - f m F
 K‫א‬

- 42 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

‫א‬KEUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F‫א‬

 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B = 2 f m (max).
Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm
 
 E2-8F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E3-8F

- 43 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 E4-8F
 
 
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc t   7.5 sin 2 πf c t 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K4
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE5-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 KE4 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V

 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K10
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE6-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
Triangular-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K15
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE7-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE8-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19

- 45 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

W‫ א‬

E5-8F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m

E6-8F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m

- 46 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 E7-8F
 
 

 E8-8F
 

- 47 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

W 
 ‫؟‬EAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF‫א‬  J1
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 
 ‫؟‬EAMDSBFCF،‫א‬‫א‬  J2
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 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J3
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 
 W‫ א‬
_________________________________________________________________
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 

- 48 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 
9 ‫א‬
AM (SSB) ‫א‬‫א‬
2‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KE(AM-SSB)single sideband AMF‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫ א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬(AM-DSB)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 W(AM-DSB) ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EUSBFELSBF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K2
EUSBFELSB FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

Source Information AM DSB Filter SSB

signal Modulator Signal Signal

Oscillator Carrier
signal
ESSBF‫א‬E1-9F
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM-SSBFEAM-DSBF‫א‬،‫א‬
- 49 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM-SSBF 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband full carrier (SSBFC) J 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM single sideband reduced carrier (SSBRC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM independent sideband (ISB) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM vestigial sideband (VSB) J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2-9F‫א‬  
Carrier Carrier
DSB SSBFC
Amplitude

Amplitude

LSB USB USB

f f
fc fc
SSBSC SSBRC
Amplitude

Amplitude

USB USB
f f
fc fc
Carrier
ISB VSB
Amplitude

Amplitude

Ch A (f m1) Ch B (f m2) LSB USB

fc
f
fc
f
E2 J9F

- 50 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 E3-9F

E4-9F

- 51 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ebode moduleF‫ א‬K3
f min = 5000 Hz, f max = 25000 Hz, steps = 40, V p-p = 12 V, and deactivate the phase.
 (on)
  KEcut-offF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 KEcut-offF‫א‬ K6
  KE4-9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K9
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2, T source = OFF
 KE1-9F‫א‬KE6-9F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K12
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-9F‫א‬KE7 J9F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
 Sine-wave, f m = 3.5 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K15
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-9F‫א‬KE8-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE1-9F‫א‬KE9-9F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19
- 52 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K20
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K21
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-9F‫א‬KE10-9F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K22
 :‫א‬K
 

E5-9F
f cut off  ___________ in - 3dB

E7-9F E6-9F

- 53 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

E9-9F E8-9F

 E10-9F

 -10 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -13 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -16 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -19 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -22 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB 1-9
Carrier
USB

- 54 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W 
 ‫؟‬EDSB-AMF‫א‬  J1
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
K‫א‬‫א‬،  J
 EF
 E F K‫א‬ J
 
 ‫(؟‬SSB)(DSB) ‫א‬ J3
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________
 
 ‫(؟‬DSBFC)٪100‫א‬‫א‬(SSB)٪100‫א‬ J4
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 _________________________________________________________
 

 W‫ א‬
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 _____________________________________________________
- 55 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 
10 W‫א‬
EAM DSBfcdemodulationF ‫ א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
2‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE1-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( AM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kdemodulation)
 
Source Informati AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
on

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

  Signal Signal
 
 E1-10F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E2-10F

 
 E2-10F

- 56 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

AM DSBFCF‫א‬‫א‬(y1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،E3-10F‫א‬E
(Band-pass ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(fc)‫א‬(USB)(LSB)‫א‬‫א‬filter)
E2-10F‫א‬‫א‬(y2)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E4-10F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
AM F‫א‬‫א‬(detector) ‫א‬ 
 KE5-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDSBFC
(Low-pass filter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KE6-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm
 E3-10F

 
 E4-10F

- 57 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 
 E5-10F

 
 E6-10F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KE1-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬EAMF K3
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 5 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K5
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
KE7-10F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬ K7
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K8
KE2-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
KE8-10F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y1)‫א‬K10
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬K11
KE9-10F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y2)‫א‬K12
K‫א‬K13
- 58 -
   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

KE10-10F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y3)‫א‬K14
KE11-10F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y4)‫א‬K15
K‫א‬K16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬ K17
K
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E8-10FE7-10F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬K
 
LSB= ,USB= ,fc=

 E9-10F

 E10-10F

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   ‫ א‬224  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 E11-10F
 W 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
__________________________________________________________
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J1
__________________________________________________________

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ (detector)  J2
 __________________________________________________________
 W‫ א‬
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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