‫א‬

‫א‬
EF

١٣٦
  E١٣٦F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
?‫?א‬?E F ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 
 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K١٨٢١
١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Digital Economy)‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬٢٠٠٠١٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٪١٢٣٤
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬???‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GPS‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Sensors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١ ‫א‬
COM3LAB‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬ECOM3LAB)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KCOM3LAB K١
KCOM3LAB‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KCOM3LAB K٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
-١F‫א‬‫א‬DETICTIVE،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE١

 
E١-١F
 

-١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE٢-١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 E٢-١F
 KE٣-١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 
 E٣-١F
 KE٤-١F‫א‬EcontinueF K٤

 
E٤-١F

-٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE٦-١F،E٥-١F‫א‬continue K٥

 

 
E٥-١F

 
 E٦-١F
 KE٧-١F‫א‬'Feel free to experiment around'‫א‬ K٦

 
E٧-١F

-٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E٨-١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧

 
 E٨-١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

-٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 KE٩-١F‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 

 E٩-١F
KE١٠-١F‫א‬،‫ א‬K٢

 
 E١٠-١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٠-١F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬COM3LAB K٤
K‫א‬ K٥

-٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E OscilloscopeFW
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
:،‫א‬ J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬
،EXFEYF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،:‫א‬
 KE OscilloscopeFE١-٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢-٢F‫א‬

 
 E١-٢F

-٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
Setting the To Shift the Setting the
Y-axis X-axis on X-axis
the Y-axis
Starting the Selecting
Oscilloscope the signal to
be shown
Zoom

Copy

 
 E٢-٢F
 
 E Frequency CounterFW
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
W J
.‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،:‫א‬
 KE٣-٢F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EtriggerF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
،Etrigger Y1FEtriggerF‫א‬EY1F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤-٢F‫א‬

 
 E٣-٢F
-٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 
 E٤-٢F
 
 (FFT)W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥-٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Marker Result of
measurement

Moving
the marker

Starting
the FFT
 
 E٥-٢F
 

-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 (BODE)W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫(א‬CUT-OFFF،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٦-٢F
 
Starting the
measurement

 
 E٦-٢F
 
 
 EFunction GeneratorFW
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٧-٢F‫א‬،sine wave, triangular wave, square wave and DC signal
 K‫א‬
Controlling the
value of
Functions you frequency,
can generate by amplitude and
selecting using DC voltage
the mouse

E٧-٢F
 

-٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transmission  KE١-٣F‫א‬
medium
 
 
Information Transmitter Receiver Information
source  
destination

 
 
 
 E١-٣F     
 
 J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬

- ١٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢-٣F‫א‬
 
Information
signal in
 
Information signal
in
  signal

Message
 
Source Converter Transmitter
Original form Electromagnetic  
form
 
Transmitting
channel
 
Information Information signal
Sink
signal in
Converter
in
Receiver
 
Message
Original form Electromagnetic
form
signal  
 
 E٢-٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Radio frequency band Optical fiber band
 
AM TV Satellite and Infrared visible ultraviolet
radio FM radar  
 
 
105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017
Frequency (Hz)  
E٣-٣F

- ١١ -
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
v ( t ) = A 0 + A 1 cos( wt ) + A 2 cos( 2 wt ) + ... + A n cos( nwt ) +
 

  B 0 + B 1 Sin ( wt ) + A 2 sin( 2 wt ) + ... + A n sin( nwt )

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬V(t)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 V(t) = A0 + A1 cos wt + A2 cos( 2 wt) + … + An cos( nwt)
W‫א‬‫א‬V(t)‫א‬
V(t) = A0 + B1 sin wt + B2 sin( 2 wt) + … + Bn sin( nwt )
 
‫א‬WEsinusoidalF‫א‬E١-٤F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
 KEsinusoidalF‫א‬،EsinusoidalF
 

+ + =

E١-٤F
 
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 E٢-٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٢-٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
sine, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 10 kHz
،E٣-٤F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 KE١-٤F‫א‬
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
triangular, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
،E٤-٤F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 KE٢-٤F‫א‬
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
square,f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
،E٥-٤F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 KE٣-٤F‫א‬
 

- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫• א‬
 

E٣-٤F
 

E٤-٤F
 
 
 

- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E٥-٤F
 
١-٤ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1

٢-٤
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
2
3
4

٣-٤ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
2
3
4
5

- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ •
 
‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 

 ‫א‬،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫؟‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

W‫• א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _________________________
 

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١-٥F،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
  Closed-loop feedback amplifier
Input = V1
+
Subtractor V2 Voltage
amplifier
V3 V out
 
-
 
V4 Feedback network
 
  
 
     
 E١-٥F      
Quartz oscillators،LC‫א‬،RC‫א‬W
 E٢-٥F‫א‬

- ١٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E٢-٥F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬‫א‬ ‰

K‫א‬ ‰

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
 E٣-٥F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،AM‫א‬ K٣
Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve=Y1

- ١٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE٤-٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،FM‫א‬ K٦
Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve=Y2
KE٥-٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FFM‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
f=10kHz, Vp-p=7V W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫• א‬

E٤-٥F
 

E٥-٥F
 

- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ •
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________

- ٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
ω1 + ω 2 ω1 − ω 2
1. cos ω1 + cos ω 2 = 2 × cos × cos
2 2
1 1
2. cos ω1 × cos ω 2 = cos(ω1 + ω 2 ) + cos(ω1 − ω 2 )
2 2
ω + ω2 ω − ω2
3. sin ω1 + sin ω 2 = 2 × sin 1 × cos 1
2 2
ω1 + ω 2 ω1 − ω 2
4. sin ω1 − sin ω 2 = 2 × cos × sin
2 2
 
 E ω = 2πf and f1 > f 2 F W‫א‬E ω F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
f1 − f 2
 KE١-٦F‫א‬،: f L = , f H = f1 + f 2 
2 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E١-٦F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

E٢-٦F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٢-٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KEAMF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

- ٢٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Sine-wave, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = ٧{٥V, V DC = 0V.

 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve = Y1, and in the spectrum analyzer set:
f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz.  
 KE٣ J٦F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
Sine-wave, f = 9.5 kHz, V p-p = 7.5V, V DC = 0V.
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K٨

- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
Y1/div = ٢V, X/div = ٥00µs, curve = Y1, and in the spectrum analyzer set:
f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz.
 KE٤-٦F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
 

1 kHzW‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 kHzW
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 KEFFTF
 
 W‫• א‬

E٣-٦F
 
 

- ٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E٤-٦F
 

 W‫א‬ •
‫؟‬ fH ,fLW،E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________

‫؟‬fH ,fL W،E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________
 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
- ٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _________
 

- ٢٦ -
 E F‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧ ‫א‬
AM (DSBSC) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 KEAM DSBSCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  J١
K  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 DSBSC, DSBFC and SSB    
 K‫א‬،‫א‬E١-٧F‫א‬
 
f c (t ) = Vc cos(2πf c t ) Carrier signal
 
f m (t ) = Vm cos(2πf mt ) Information signal

 
 E١-٧F
- ٢٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(fc)‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬E٢-٧F‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
  f c + f m (max)f c - f m (max)
K‫א‬WEf m (max)F،‫א‬WEf cF
 KEUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F‫א‬
 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BW = USB- LSB
BW = 2 f m (max).
Amplitude

Lower Sideband Upper Sideband

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
f c - f m (max) fc f c + f m (max)

AM DSBSC

 E٢-٧F
W‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E٣-٧F
 

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EAMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
DC signal, V DC = 1 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K٤
Y1/div = 2 V, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = DUAL
 KEmodulation coefficient k MF‫א‬ K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K٧
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٤-٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
Triangular-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K١٠
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٥-٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K١٣
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٦-٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K١٨
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٧-٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٩

- ٣٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc (t ) = 7.5 sin (2 πf c t )

W‫• א‬
VY1
kM =
VY2

 E٥-٧F E٤-٧F

E٧-٧F E٦-٧F
f LSB = f c − f m

fUSB = f c + f m

BW = 2 × f m
- ٣١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K١
a. RF _______________ _______________
b. LF _______________ _______________
c. HF _______________ _______________
d. LSB _______________ _______________
e. USB _______________ _______________
f. DSB _______________ _______________

 ‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- ٣٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

٨ ‫א‬
AM (DSBFC) ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EAM DSBFCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF
W‫• א‬
، ‫א‬EAM DSBSCF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬K( AM DSBFCF( AM DSBSC)
،EAM DSBSCF ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EAM DSBFCF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١-٨F‫א‬
Source Information AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
Signal

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

Signal
  Signal

E١-٨F
KE٢-٨F‫א‬،‫א‬EDCFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
Source Information AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
Signal

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

  Signal Signal

E٢-٨F
 W،EAM DSBFCFE٣-٨F‫א‬
- ٣٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Ef m (max)F،‫א‬Ef cF،Ef cFE f c + f m,FEf c - f m F

 K‫א‬
‫א‬KEUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F ‫א‬
 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B = 2 f m (max).
 

Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm

 E٣-٨F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 E٤-٨F

- ٣٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E٥-٨F
 W
 W‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc (t ) = 7.5 sin (2 πf c t )
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٤-٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EAMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K٤
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٦-٨F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
 KE٥ J٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K١٠
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٧-٨F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
Triangular-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K١٥
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٨-٨F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K١٨
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE٩-٨F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٩

- ٣٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫• א‬

E٦-٨F
f LSB = f c − f m

fUSB = f c + f m

BW = 2 × f m

E٧-٨F
f LSB = f c − f m

fUSB = f c + f m

BW = 2 × f m

- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E٨-٨F

 E٩-٨F
 

- ٣٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬ •
 ‫؟‬EAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF‫א‬  J١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬EAMDSBFCF،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 
 
- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
٩ ‫א‬
AM ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫• א‬
 EAMF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE%١٠٠F‫א‬W‫א‬
 
Em
m=
Ec
1
Em = (Vmax − Vmin )
2
1
E c = (Vmax + Vmin )
2
(Vmax − Vmin )
m=
(Vmax + Vmin )
M = m × 100

E١-٩F‫א‬    (m=0)E٢-٩F‫א‬

 m<1‫א‬ E٣-٩F m=1 ‫א‬ E٤-٩F

- ٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

V max
V min

m>1‫א‬ E٥-٩F YT MODE E٦-٩F

 
 EYTF‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬E٢-٩F‫א‬‫א‬E١-٩F‫א‬
 W
a. No-modulation m=0 E٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬
b. Under-modulation m<1 E٣٩F‫א‬‫א‬
c. Full-modulation m=1 E٤٩F‫א‬‫א‬
d. Over modulation m>1 E٥٩F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦-٩F‫א‬KEYT modeF
 
modulation F ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،٧-٩FW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Etrapezoid or XY mode
‫א‬،E١٠-٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٩-٩،٨-٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

m=1‫א‬E٨-٩F  m<1‫א‬E٧-٩F

V max

V min

XY MODEE١٠-٩F  m>1‫א‬E٩-٩F

 EYTF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

E١١-٩F
- ٤٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE١١-٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EAMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K٤
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١٢-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K٨
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١٣-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 5.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K١٢
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١٤-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K١٦
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE١٥-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٧

- ٤٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K١٨

KEXT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
 Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 3.4V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K٢٠
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE١٦-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢١
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K٢٢
 KEXT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٣
 Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 5.5 V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K٢٤
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE١٧-٩F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢٥
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K٢٦
 KEXT modeF‫א‬

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫• א‬

 E١٣-٩F E١٢-٩F

E١٥-٩F E١٤-٩F

- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E١٧-٩F E١٦-٩F
m=
(Vmax − Vmin )
(Vmax + Vmin )
M = m × 100
Modulation
V max V min m M
condition
Step-06
Step-10
Step-14
Step-18
Step-22
Step-26
E١-٩F

- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬E9F K١
 W‫א‬ •
 E F    K‫א‬‫ א‬K
E F    K‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- ٤٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
١٠ ‫א‬
AM (SSB) ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 KE(AM-SSB)single sideband AMF‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫• א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬(AM-DSB)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 W(AM-DSB) ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬،
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EUSBFELSBF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EUSBFELSB FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

Source Information AM DSB Filter SSB

signal Modulator Signal Signal

Oscillator Carrier
signal

ESSBF‫א‬E١-١٠F
 
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM-SSBFEAM-DSBF‫א‬،‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM-SSBF 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband full carrier (SSBFC) J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM single sideband reduced carrier (SSBRC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM independent sideband (ISB) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM vestigial sideband (VSB) J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢-١٠F‫א‬  
Carrier Carrier
DSB SSBFC
Amplitude

Amplitude

LSB USB USB

f f
fc fc
SSBSC SSBRC
Amplitude

Amplitude

USB USB
f f
fc fc
Carrier
ISB VSB
Amplitude

Amplitude

Ch A (f m1) Ch B (f m2) LSB USB

f f
fc fc

E٢-١٠F

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 E٣-١٠F

E٤-١٠F

- ٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EAMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ebode moduleF‫ א‬K٣
f min = 5000 Hz, f max = 25000 Hz, steps = 40, V p-p = 12 V, and deactivate the phase.
 (on)
  KEcut-offF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 KEcut-offF‫א‬ K٦
  KE٤-١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K٩
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢, T source = OFF
 KE١-١٠F‫א‬KE٦-١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K١٢
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١-١٠F‫א‬KE٧ J١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
 Sine-wave, f m = 3.5 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K١٥
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١-١٠F‫א‬KE٨-١٠F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K١٨
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y١

- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE١-١٠F‫א‬KE٩-١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٩
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K٢١
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y٢
 KE١-١٠F‫א‬KE١٠-١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢٢

- ٥٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 :‫• א‬
 

E٥-١٠F
f cut −off = ___________ in - 3dB

E٧-١٠F E٦-١٠F

E٩-١٠F E٨-١٠F

- ٥٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E١٠-١٠F

 -10 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -13 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -16 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -19 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -22 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB ١-١٠
Carrier
USB

- ٥٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ •
 ‫؟‬EDSB-AMF‫א‬  J١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬،  J
 E F   K‫א‬ J
 
 ‫(؟‬SSB)(DSB) ‫א‬ J٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 
 ‫(؟‬DSBFC)٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬(SSB)٪١٠٠‫א‬ J٤
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 

 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- ٥٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
١١ ‫א‬
EAM DSBfcdemodulationF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 KEAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( AM  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kdemodulation)
 
Source Informati AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
on

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

Signal Signal

 E١-١٤F
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢-١٤F‫א‬

 
 E٢-١٤F

- ٥٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

AM F‫א‬‫א‬(y1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،E٣-١٤F‫א‬EDSBFC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(USB)(LSB)‫א‬‫א‬(Band-pass filter)
‫א‬(y2)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، (fc)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٤-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬E٢-١٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
AM F‫א‬‫א‬(detector) ‫א‬ 
 KE٥-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDSBFC
(Low-pass filter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KE٦-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm

 E٣-١٤F

 
 E٤-١٤F

- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E٥-١٤F

 
 E٦-١٤F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE١-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬EAMF K٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 5 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K٥
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
KE٧-١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬ K٧
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
KE٢-١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE٨-١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y1)‫א‬ K١٠
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬ K١١
KE٩-١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y2)‫א‬ K١٢
K‫א‬ K١٣
KE١٠-١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y3)‫א‬ K١٤
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE١١-١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y4)‫א‬ K١٥

K‫א‬ K١٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E٣F‫א‬ K١٧
K
 
 
 
 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬ •


 E٨-١٤FE٧-١٤F
 

- ٥٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫• א‬
 
LSB= ,USB= ,fc=

 E٩-١٤F

 E١٠-١٤F

- ٦٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E١١-١٤F
 W‫א‬ •
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

- ٦١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٢
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ (detector) K٣
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

 
 

- ٦٢ -
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢ ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEFMF
 
W‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ EVCOF
،E١-١١F ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Input Voltage Change
Signal   Control in
 
 E١-١١F
K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢-١١F‫א‬
EFMF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،EVCOF
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

coefficientmodulatorF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬EVCOFEVCOFE(K)
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
f/Hz  
 
f2  
f 2 − f1 Hz  
k=
f1
V2 − V1 V
 

0 V1 V2
 
V/V
     
 
 
 
 E٢-١١F
 
 

- ٦٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

E ٣-١١ F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EFMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 DC, V DC = 0 V
trigger = +Y1.W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
Sine-wave, DC, V DC = J 10 V
KEfrequency counterF‫א‬ K٨
KE10VF‫א‬E٨F‫א‬،E2.5VF‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE١-١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١-١١F‫א‬ K١٠
KEV IN = 0VFEmodulation coefficient kF K١١

 

- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫• א‬

IN (V) -10 -7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5 10

OUT
(Hz)

Fig. 1-3

V1 = ___ ⇒ f1 = _____
V2 = ___ ⇒ f 2 = _____
f1 − f 2
k=
V1 − V2
k=

 W‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬( 8 )،‫א‬‫א‬( 9 ) K١
 E F   KEVCOF‫א‬ J
 E F     K‫א‬EVCOF J
 E F KEVCOF‫א‬‫א‬EModulator coefficientF J

- ٦٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢-١١F‫א‬E١-١١F‫א‬ K٢
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________

 ‫؟‬EModulator coefficientF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

- ٦٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
١٣ ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬،EFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫• א‬
EPMF‫א‬ ،Eangle modulationF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EFMF‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFMF‫א‬E١-١٢F‫א‬K ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
A/V Modulating Signal

t/s

A/V Carrier Signal

 
t/s  
 
A/V
A/V Modulated Signal  
      
t/s
     
 
 E١-١٢F

- ٦٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
m(t ) = Vc cos[ωc t + θ (t )]
m(t ) = Vc cos[ωc t + m cos(ω m t )]
 
‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬‫א‬E٢-١٢F‫א‬
EdiodeF،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E٢-١٢F    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
fc =
2π LC
 W‫א‬‫א‬
k × Vm ∆f
m= =
fm fm
∆f = k × Vm
:(Carson bandwidth) ‫و ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬

Bfm=2*(m+1)*Fm

- ٦٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

:‫رﺳﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ •

 
 
 E٣-١٢F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EFMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 DC, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K٤
 trigger = +Y1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 V.
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K٩
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
 E٤-١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
 k = 280 Hz / VW‫א‬K∆F، BFM،µW K١١
- ٧٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
Sine-wave, V p-p = 10 V, fm = 1.5 kHz, V DC = 0 V.
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K١٣
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
 E٥-١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
 k = 280 Hz / VW‫א‬K∆F، BFM،µW K١٥
 
 W‫• א‬

E٤-١٢F

E٥-١٢F
k × Vm
m= , use Vm = V p BFM = 2 × (m + 1) × f m = ∆ f = k × Vm =
fm

- ٧١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E٦-١٢F
k × Vm
m= , use Vm = V p BFM = 2 × (m + 1) × f m = ∆f = k × Vm =
fm

 W‫א‬ •
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eangle modulationF K١
 E F       K‫א‬‫ א‬K
E F       K‫א‬‫א‬ K
E F       K‫א‬‫ א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬( 8 )،‫א‬‫א‬( 9 ) K٢

 E F   KEPMF‫א‬‫א‬ K
 E F  KEVCOF‫א‬EFM modulatorsF K
 E F    KEVCOF‫א‬‫א‬ K
 E F  EVCOF‫א‬EModulator coefficientF K
 E F   EFMF‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫(؟‬FM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 _________________________________________________ K
_________________________________________________ K
 _________________________________________________ K
 

- ٧٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Carson F‫א‬EFMF‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Ebandwidth
 ‫؟‬ECarson bandwidthF
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _________________________________
 
W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________

- ٧٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

١٤ ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬KEFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE3-line methodF‫א‬
W‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١-١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
Bessel functions of the first kind

1.0

0.9 J0

0.8

0.7

0.6 J1
J2
0.5
J3
J4
0.4

0.3
Jn(m)

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

 
Modulation index m

 E١-١٣F
2 × n × J n (µ )
µ=
J n+1 (µ ) + J n−1 (µ )
 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E١-١٣F‫א‬
‫א‬En = 2F،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢-١٣F‫א‬ELSL1, LSL2 , LSL3 F

 WE٢-١٣F‫א‬
4 × LSL2
µ= E٢١٣F
LSL1 + LSL3
 W
LSL: mains Lower Side Line.
 
A/V
 
LSL 1

 
Carrier
LSL 2

 
LSL 3

 
fm
 
 
f c – 2f m fc f c + 2f m f/Hz
 
f c – 3f m fc– fm fc+ fm f c – 3f m
      
 
 
 E٢-١٣F
 

:(Bessel) ‫وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬

BFM=2*(n*fm)

 K(m)‫א‬(n)
 
 
 
 
 

- ٧٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
:‫• رﺳﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬

 
 E٣-١٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KE٣-١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬EFMF K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 DC, V DC = 0 V
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K٤
trigger= +Y1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
(10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 V
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K٩
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs
 E٤-١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠

- ٧٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE١-١٣F‫א‬ELSLFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
ECarson bandwidthF
 ‫א‬،∆F،µW K١٢
 KEBesselF
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
Sine-wave, V p-p = 10 V, fm = 1.5 kHz, V DC = 0 V
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬ K١٤
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs
 E٥-١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥
 KE٢-١٣F‫א‬ELSLFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
 KEBesselFECarson bandwidthF‫א‬،∆F،µW K١٧

 W‫• א‬

E٤-١٣F
‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSL1
LSL2
LSL3
E١-١٣F
∆f = kVm
4 LSL2
m=
LSL1 + LSL3

B = 2(n × f m ), n = 3 B = 2(∆f + f m )

- ٧٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E٥-١٣F

‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSL1
LSL2
 E٢-١٣F
∆f = kVm
4 LSL2
m=
LSL1 + LSL3
  B = 2(∆f + f m ) B = 2(n × f m ), n = 2

 W‫א‬ •
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
ECarson bandwidthF‫א‬ K٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

- ٧٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬EBesselFECarson bandwidthF‫א‬‫א‬K٣
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
W‫• א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

- ٧٩ -
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ١٥ ‫א‬ 
EFMdemodulationF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫• א‬
 KEFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١-١٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( FM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kdemodulation)

 E١-١٥F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
m(t ) = Vc cos[ω c t + θ (t )]
m(t ) = Vc cos[ω c t + m cos(ω m t )]
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬E٢-١٥F‫א‬

E٢-١٥F

- ٨٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W(FM)‫א‬
 (VCO),(phase detector),(Low-pass filter)
(FM) ‫א‬‫א‬(y1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(phase detector)KE٣-١٥F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬K(VCO) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

E٣-١٥F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE١-١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬EFMF K٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 DC, V DC = 0 V
  trigger = +Y1W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 V K١٠

- ٨١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K١١

curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
KE٤-١٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
KE٢ J١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
KE٥-١٥F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y1)‫א‬ K١٥
 KE٦-١٥F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y2)‫א‬ K١٦
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E٣F‫א‬ K١٧

W‫• א‬

 E٥-١٥F E٤-١٥F

- ٨٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E٦-١٥F
 

 

 

 W‫א‬ •
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ (phase detector) K٢

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

 W‫• א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
- ٨٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- ٨٤ -
  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

Wayane Tomasi `` Electronic communication systems fundamental through advanced `` .

Schaum’s outlines `` Analog and digital communications`` McGraw Hill (1993).

Horld B. Killen `` Communication techniques`` Macmilan publishing company New

York (1985).

Louis E. Frenzel `` Communication electronics principles and applications`` McGraw

Hill 3 rd edition (2000).

Gary M. Miller`` Modern electronic communications`` Prentice Hall International Inc

(1996).

Dornhofer G. and Nies A. ``STE 6.1.6 High frequency circuits using plug in system
electrical engineering and electronics`` Lybold Didactic GMBH (1990).

Lathi B.P. `` Modern digital communication systems`` second edition, Rinehart and
Winston Inc., Orlando 32887 (1989). The translated copy by. Dr. Ibrahim El khadi, Dr.
Abdelaziz El rouisi amd Dr. Adel Ali `` King Saoud University``.

Saad Ali El Haj Bakri and Mohamad abderhman El harbi`` Intoduction to

communication`` King Saoud university (1988).
  ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١ ............................................................................. COM3LAB‫א‬
٦ ............................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠ ..................................................................................... ‫א‬
 ١٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ .............................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬
١٧ ...................................................................................................‫א‬
٢١ ............................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٦ ......................................................................................... AM (DSBSC)
٣١ ........................................................................................... AM (DSBFC)
٤٠٣٧ .................................................................................. AM
٤٨٤ ............................................................................................AM (SSB)
 ٥٢ .......................................................... EAM DSBfcdemodulationF‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٩ .......................................................................................................FM
٦٤ ..................................................................................... FM
٧٠ ..................................................................................... FM
٧٦ .................................................................. EFMdemodulationF‫א‬
 ٨٠ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 