

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٢٤٤
  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬CircuitMaker2000
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ( CircuitMaker2000) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 EF‫א‬G
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١ J١
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٠٠٠٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KSchematic Diagrams  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IEEE, EIA, ITU-T, ISO  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Block E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Schematic diagram‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬diagram
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W(1-1)
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(2-1)
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Schematic Diagrams‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬Elementary diagram  ‫א‬‫א‬Theoretical diagrams
Sub circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KKKK J J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Multi-layer 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMotherboardF
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Active Elements‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،Transistors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(IC: ‫א‬Operational Amplifier‫א‬‫א‬،Diodes
Resistors‫א‬Passive ElementsIntegrated circuit)
K ‫א‬‫א‬ E٣ J١F‫א‬Inductors‫א‬Capacitors‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
Bread Board ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Strip Board‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(3-1)
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
،Fuse،Variable Capacitor،Variable Resistance
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬

 K
 

 
 
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(4-1)  
              
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Firmware ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEmbedded System

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬WSchematic Diagrams
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Or Cad, Protel, Eagle,Proteus 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬CircuitMaker, Cadence, Mentor Graphics
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Blank Components)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(readable) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(functional)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Prototyping) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(Pilot run)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 CircuitMaker2000.‫א‬‫א‬9
 .Windows ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 EF‫א‬G
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 CircuitMaker2000.‫א‬9
 .Windows ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CircuitMaker2000 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KDigitalAnalog‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TraxMaker
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ (CircuitMaker2000)‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     Intellectual Property Rights ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kwww.circuitmaker.com
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K? SETUPCM2000?‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(1-2)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  Install    
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  CircuitMaker 2000   Start  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CircuitMaker2000‫א‬
E٢ J٢FCircuitMaker‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬W (2-2)

 E٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬CircuitMaker

 
 
K‫א‬W(3-2)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ Graphical User Interface (GUI)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
    F CircuitMaker2000   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬KECircuitMaker2000‫א‬‫א‬?[
  ،schematic window ‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬F analysis window ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ panels ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(4-2) 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،Title bar ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،Menu bar ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
، Tool bar‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
،Panel ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
،Prob E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
، schematic window ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
،Circuit analysis window ‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
،Status bar ‫א‬ K٨
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 W‫א‬٢ J٢
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(٥-٢) ‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W(5-2) 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  CKTK‫א‬‫ א‬9
 K‫א‬  .DAT‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬   LIBK‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬  .MOD‫א‬‫ א‬9
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  .SUB‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  .SDF‫א‬‫ א‬9
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Title Bar‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W(6-2) 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Menu bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(7-2)
(File)  K١
(Eidt)  K٢
(View) K٣
(Options) ‫א‬ K٤
(Macros)  K٥
(Simulation)  K٦
(Wave)  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
(Help) K‫א‬ K٨
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFile)  K١
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

.‫א‬??W(8-2) 

،(New) K١
، (Open)  K٢
، (Reopen)  K٣
، (Merge)  K٤
، (Close)  K٥
، (Save)  K٦
، (Save() As) K٧
(Revert)  K٨
،(Import) ‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
، (Export)  K١٠
، (Bill of Materials) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

، (Schematic Print Setup) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢

، (Print Schematic) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
،(Print Wavefors) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
K (Exit) ‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥

WEEditF K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 KE٩ J٢F
 
،(Undo Delete) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
، (Cut) K٢
، (Copy) K٣
،(Paste)  K٤
،(Move) K٥
،(Delete) K٦
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

، (Duplicate)EF‫א‬ K٧
،(Copy to Clipboard)‫א‬ K٨
،(Select All)‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
،(Find And Select)‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
،(Rotate)‫א‬ K١١
،(Mirror) K١٢
،(Straighten Wires)  K١٣
،(Place Net Label) ‫א‬ K١٤
،(Set Designations) ‫א‬ K١٥
،(Set Label Positions) ‫א‬ K١٦
،(Set Prop Delays) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
K(Group Items)  K١٨
 
 W(View)‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٢F
،EPanel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L K١
،(Toolbar)‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

،(Status Bar)‫א‬ K٣
،(Collapse Device Tree)‫א‬ K٤
،(Schematic)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
،(Waveforms)‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
،(Split Horizontal) K٧
،( Split Vertical) K٨
،(Display Scale )‫א‬ K٩
،(Normal Size/Position)‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
،(Zoom to fit)‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
K(Refresh Screen)‫א‬ K١٢
 
WEoptionsF‫א‬ K٤
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬E١٢ J٢F
،(Schematic)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،(Cursor Tools)‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
(Schematic Display ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
،Dtta )
،(Device Display Data)‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K(Library Location)‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W(MacrosF K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬E١٣ J٢F
،(New Macro) K١
،(Edit Macro)  K٢
،(Save Macro)‫א‬ K٣
،(Expand Macro) K٤
،(Macro Lock)‫א‬ K٥
(Macro Utillities) K٦
،(Macro CopierF‫א‬ K٧
K(Save ASCII LibraryF K٨
،(Convert ASCII Library) K٩
 K(Update Search List)‫א‬ K١٠
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

WESimulationF K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٤ J٢F
،(Analog Mode)‫א‬‫ א‬K١
،(Digital Mode)‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
،(Analyses Setup)‫א‬ K٣
،(Check Pin Conniction)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
،(Reset)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
،(step) K٦
،(Run) K٧
،(Trace) K٨
  K(Active Probe)‫א‬ K٩

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

WE wave F‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٢F
،(Fit Waveforms)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
،(Zoom In)‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
،(Zoom Out)‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
،(Preferences)‫ א‬K٤
،(Scaling)‫ א‬K٥
،(Math)E‫א‬F K٦
،(Store) K٧
،(Recall)‫ א‬K٨
K(Save As Text) K٩

 
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WEhelp F J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
KE١٦ J٢F
K(Contents)‫ א‬K١
K (Topic for Selected Item )‫ א‬K٢
K(About)‫א‬ K٣
 K(Circuit Info)‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 
 
 WEtoolbarF‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K K٢
K K٣
K K٤
K K٥
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 Shift‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٢  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ،‫א‬‫א‬K١  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٢  
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 EF‫א‬G
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
  CircuitMaker2000 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣
 KCircuitMaker2000

 
 
 K‫א‬E١ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Active    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K١
‫א‬    NPN Trans:C     BJTs   Components
2N2222a ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢ J٣F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ Place ‫א‬      K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

2n2222a‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 Search ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٣F‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬Place‫א‬‫א‬
 General ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 Resistor ‫א‬‫א‬  Resistors 
Place ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Place ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬         r ‫א‬
KE٥ J٣F‫א‬R2 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  (Rotate 90 )  ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE٦ J٣F

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٣

Ctrl ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(r) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧ J٣F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F
 
Sources  General‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Ground  +V
KE٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٣

E١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Device ‫א‬(Device properties)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE٩ J٣FProperties
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٣F‫א‬

 
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  OK        ٢٢٠  ‫א‬     K٨
KE١٠ J٣F

 
 
 K‫א‬E١٠ J٣F

 
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE١١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٣F
 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K١٠
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
KE١٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣F

- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
KE١٣ J٣F‫א‬

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F
 
 KE١٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٣

 
 ‫א‬E١٤ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Display Scale F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE١٦ J٣F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٣F
 
K١٥٠E‫א‬F‫א‬E١٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٣F

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‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ OK‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KE١٨ J٣F

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٣F

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Analysis Setup  Analysis Setup K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Operating Point
KE١٩ J٣F‫א‬Ok 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٣F

- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KE٢٠ J٣F

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٣F

 
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣
 KE٢١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 

 
 K‫א‬E٢١ J٣F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ESimulation)   ‫א‬      J٢
KE٢٢ J٣FEAnalog Mode)

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٣F

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Analysis SetupF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٣F
KE٢٣ J٣F

 
 
 K‫א‬E٢٣ J٣F
 

- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

،E٢٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ (Analog OptionsF  J٤

Node Voltage, Supply Current, Device Current and  ‫א‬   
KE٢٤ J٣FPower

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٣F
Run  F‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٥
KE٢٥ J٣FEAnalyses

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٣F
 
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ShiftF
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
EShift)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(ShiftF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٦ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٣F

 

- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٣
 KE٢٧ J٣F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J٣F
 
KE٢٨ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨ J٣F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Initial Condition ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

KE٢٩ J٣F (IC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ J٣F
 
‫א‬    E ٣٠ J٣ F    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬ J٣
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    K‫א‬
‫א‬ KE٣٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠ J٣F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  J٤
KE٣١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ETransient Analysis)
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
By  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Edefault)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬K٥٠٠١
‫א‬(0.001F‫א‬١‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٢ J٣F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣ J٣F

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬E ٣٤ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K١‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J٣F
 
(Analog ModeF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KE٣٥ J٣F‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KE٣٦ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦ J٣F
 
Shift‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٣
KE٣٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٧ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Linear ICs‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KE٣٨ J٣F‫א‬
 
 

 
K‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨ J٣F

 
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE٣٩ J٣F
 

 
K‫א‬E٣٩ J٣F

 
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE٤٠ J٣F‫א‬  J٤
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E٤٠ J٣F
 
KE٤١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١ J٣F

- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
KE٤٢ J٣F
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E٤٢ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
KE٤٤ J٣F
 
 

- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٤ J٣F
 
K‫א‬Label‫א‬ J٨
E٤٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 

 
 E٤٥ J٣F

- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 KE٤٦ J٣F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
KE٤٧ J٣F‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٧ J٣F
 
- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE٤٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٨ J٣F
 
KE٤٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٩ J٣F
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 (Transient/Fourier..F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤

‫א‬E٥٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 KOK
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥٠ J٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE٥١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥١ J٣F
 
KE٥٢ J٣F( Enabled F‫א‬ J١٦
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢ J٣F
- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 KE٥٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DC
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٤ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

AC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨

‫א‬‫א‬،E٥٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٥ J٣F‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٥ J٣F
 
 KE٥٦ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٦ J٣F
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠

‫א‬E٥٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢١

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٧ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J٣
 
 KE٥٨ J٣F٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 

 
 
 K٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬E٥٨ J٣F
 
KAnalog Mode‫א‬Simulation ‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE٥٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K٥٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٩ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٦٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٣

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٠ J٣F
 
K E١ J٣F ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
     23 Z 8  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
 W
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 
  NOT Gate (Inverter 74LS04) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
2 Input AND Gates (2-In AND 74LS08) ‫א‬  J
2 Input NOR Gate (2 In-NOR 74LS02)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
2 Input OR Gate (2-In OR 74LS32)‫א‬‫א‬  J
2 Input NAND Gate (2-In NAND 74LS00)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
Logic Switch 0V   J
Logic Display   J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬(Gates F‫א‬(Digital Basics F‫א‬
KE٦١ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE٢ J٣F
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 

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‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦١ J٣F
 

- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 KE٦٢
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦٢ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٣ J٣F‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
HIGH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٣ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

JK‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٣
E٦٤ J٣F‫א‬‫ א‬JK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K74LS76‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 

 
 
K74LS76‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٤ J٣F
 
Clock Pulse ‫א‬J, K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١{١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ , R D S D ‫א‬CP1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ R D ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬LOW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S D ‫א‬Asynchronous Reset ‫א‬Q1‫א‬
‫א‬Asynchronous Set ‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  S D , R D K
KLOW‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

CP1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١{٢
HIGH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 KJK Flip Flop‫א‬E٣ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 S D  R D ‫א‬
‫א‬J,K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Q  Q ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 Q  SetQ=1J=1, K=0
‫א‬RESETQ=0J=0, K=1 KQ

 J=K=1Toggle‫א‬‫א‬
Q ‫א‬ Q ‫א‬‫א‬ Q ‫א‬ Q 
K‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 74LS76‫א‬‫א‬  J
5 Logic Switches   J
K  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GROUND  J
 
 KE٦٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 
 

 
 K‫א‬JK‫א‬‫א‬E٦٥ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 S D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ R D ‫א‬‫א‬ SD 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ R D

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R D  SD 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J=K=0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J, K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KFunction Generator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W١٠ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KToggle‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J,K ‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S D1 , R D1
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 J٣F ‫א‬pulser‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬TP1, TP2 KE٦٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KScope‫א‬‫א‬Search ‫א‬Devices 
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦٦ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  (CountersF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
1,2,3,4,5,6,77,6,5,4,3,2,1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬2,4,6,8,10 
Clock‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W 9
E٦٧ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J,K‫א‬
‫א‬E٦٨ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦٧ J٣F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦٨ J٣F
 
٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MOD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

0,1,2,3,4 ٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J٣
 
 MOD 6K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬101,100,011,010,001,000W
‫א‬6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 610=1102 
K6‫א‬‫א‬
JK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 ‫א‬    74LS76 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬  9
NAN‫א‬‫א‬ 6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬F Q3‫א‬ Q2 ‫א‬‫א‬ 110
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ NAND ‫א‬‫א‬E٦٢ J٣‫א‬
KLOW
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ R D  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    9
 6 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ S D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 NAND Gate 74LS00 ‫א‬
J-K Flip Flop 74LS76 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Logic Switch 

Pulser 
 GROUND 
 KE٦٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 

 
 
 K6‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٩ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬J=K= 1
 
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬

5,4,3,2,1,0 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J


 K‫א‬6 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KL‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J٣
74LS193 Presetable binary up/down counter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬
9‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
 
150‫א‬‫א‬16‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬ E٧٠ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KQ3Q2Q1Q0‫א‬D3D2D1D0W‫א‬
CPU ‫א‬KVcc‫א‬‫א‬8,16‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Clock Pulse Up‫א‬
KClock Pulse Down‫א‬CPD K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Terminal  ‫א‬TCU K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PL
MRKTerminal Count Up‫א‬TCD Count Up
 KE٧٠ J٣F‫א‬Master Reset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PLTCD‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PL TCD‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K6‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Hex Key‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬, F 16 0
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE٧٠ J٣F‫א‬KHex Display
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

CPU‫א‬‫א‬CPD‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬Q3Q2Q1Q0‫א‬‫א‬D3D2D1D0
KE٧١ J٣F‫א‬
 

 
 
 K74LS193 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٠ J٣F

 
 K74LS193‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧١ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 KE٧٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
K‫א‬E٧٢ J٣F

 

- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Tick  10 ‫א‬Stop Address ‫א‬20 ‫א‬  J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Increment
KE٧٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٣ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬K ‫א‬EnterOK
‫א‬‫א‬Pattern‫א‬E٧٣ J٣F‫א‬
 KE٧٤ J٣F‫א‬
 

- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 KPattern‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٤ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OKCount Up
 KOK E٦٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Analysis ‫א‬ESimulation) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
 KE٧٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬Setup
 
 

- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K(Analysis SetupF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٥ J٣F
 
Always set defaults for transient and operating point ‫א‬
 KExitanalysis
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K

 
- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  (Shift RegistersF‫א‬‫א‬ W٣ J٣

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Serial ‫א‬Parallel ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧٦ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٦ J٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬74LS194‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬E٧٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
K74LS194‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٧ J٣F

- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE78 J٣F‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٨ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
  
W  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   9
 KD0,D1,D2,D3
K‫א‬‫א‬DSR‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬DSL‫ א‬9
K‫א‬Cp 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Master ResetF MR 9
KLOW‫א‬‫א‬
KQ3Q2Q1Q0W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9

 

- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 

 74LS194‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F
 
 W
H = High or 1
L = Low or 0

- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MR   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬S0=S1=0 HIGH  MR   J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HIGH MR S1=1 , S0= 0 ‫א‬  J

HL‫א‬Q3 DSL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Q1Q2‫א‬‫א‬ Q2Q3‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
LOW MR S1=0 , S0= 1  J

Q0‫א‬DSR‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Q2‫א‬Q2Q1Q1Q0‫א‬
KQ3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ZS1 JS0   J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ↑ ‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬KHIGH‫א‬LOW
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
  
 K74LS194‫א‬
KLogic Switch
Hex Switch‫א‬
K
KGROUND
 

- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٧٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 74LS194‫א‬‫א‬E٧٩ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1001
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، LOW‫א‬Cp
‫א‬ MR ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S0=S1=1 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬9 ‫א‬‫א‬HIGH LOW
 KE٨٠ J٣F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K9‫א‬‫א‬E٨٠ J٣F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
LOW ‫א‬HIGH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KS0=S1=0 ‫א‬HIGH MR ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬Shift Left ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬S1=1 , S0=0 HIGH MR 
‫א‬DSR=0, DSL=1LOW 
‫א‬Q3‫א‬DSL=1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Q2 Q2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q3‫א‬
Q1‫א‬‫א‬Q2‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬Q1‫א‬ Q1
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q0Q0
- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1100 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨١ J٣F‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨١ J٣F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
‫א‬‫א‬S1=0, S0=1‫א‬،LOW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬DSR‫א‬‫א‬  DSR=0‫א‬
Q1Q1‫א‬Q0‫א‬‫א‬Q0‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Q2Q2‫א‬‫א‬Q10‫א‬
Q3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q2‫א‬‫א‬
 J٣F ‫א‬1000 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٢ J٣F
 
 MR ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
K‫א‬LOW‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W ( ComparatorF‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٨٣ J٣F‫א‬XOR ‫א‬XNOR
LSB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B3B2B1B0=1011‫א‬A3A2A1A0=1011W
B1=1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XNOR‫א‬A0=1‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ XNOR ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٣ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬XNOR ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AND
‫א‬741‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬E٨٣ J٣F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E‫א‬‫א‬F١٥ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬74F85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 74F85‫א‬‫א‬  J
Logic Lamp  J

Hex Switch ‫א‬  J

 
 KE٨٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 

 
 K74F85‫א‬E٨٤ J٣F
 
A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A3A2A1A0
‫א‬‫א‬KB3B2B1B0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 A<B ‫א‬A>B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A=B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١٦ J٣
 LM741 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KZero Crossing ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
+18V+5 V‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K+10V , -10V‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KLM741‫א‬‫א‬  J
1K  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10V   J

K+10V , -10V ‫א‬
Signal Generator ‫א‬  J

  J

 

- ١٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٨٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٥ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬( Edit Signal Generator) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE86 J٣F‫א‬
 
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦ J٣F
- ١٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬5V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬ Wave ‫א‬K60Hz
 KE٨٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E٨٧ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬OK‫א‬‫א‬Sine Wave  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٦ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Shift ‫א‬
 KE٨٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٨ J٣F

 

- ١٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Unit Step Function:‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Sine Wave ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KImpulse Function ‫א‬‫א‬
KSimulink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Matlab‫א‬‫א‬
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 
 
 K3ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٩ J٣F
 
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 
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K5ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧ J٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
10 Ohm‫א‬  J

1µf   J

GROUND   J

 KE٩٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EEdit Signal Generator) ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE91 J٤F‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K ‫א‬E٩١ J٣F
 
‫א‬‫א‬0V ‫א‬0s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0V 1ms ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5V 0V
 K20ms 5V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٩٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٢ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١٨ J٣
 K7- Segment Display‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Logic Display ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Hex Display ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 CA 7-Seg ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
7490 ‫א‬ J
٧٤٤٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Pulser  J
GROUND J
 +V J
 
 KE٩٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٣ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ( Decoder F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7475Latch ‫א‬‫א‬W١٩ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7475‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Logic Switch 
7475‫א‬
 
 KE٩٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
K7475‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩٤ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
microprocessor ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EF 
 EF

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 EF‫א‬G
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Electronic System ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W٢ J٤
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K3‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 W‫א‬
 KE١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F

- ١١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K9‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬
EF0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K3‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Rocket   J
SPST Switch  J
No PushButton‫א‬  J
CA 7-Seg ‫א‬‫א‬  J
Piezo Buzzer ‫א‬  J
GROUND  J
 Hex Key ‫א‬  J
2-In AND ‫א‬‫א‬  J
2-In OR‫א‬‫א‬  J
Inverter ‫א‬  J
Pulser   J
7447 (BCD-to-7 Segment Decoder)‫א‬  J
D type Flip Flop ( 7474) ‫א‬  J
74LS168A ‫א‬‫א‬  J
+V  J
Resistor (1K Ohm)  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7485 ‫א‬  J
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 
74LS168A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D2,D1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CEP, CET ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1001 ‫א‬‫א‬D3, D0 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٢ J٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬74LS47
 K3‫א‬‫א‬A3A2A1A0‫א‬74LS85

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K ‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬Safety Switch‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬LOW‫א‬Q1‫א‬74LS74 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PE (Parallel Enable)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬LOW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
AND‫א‬OR‫א‬‫א‬HIGH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AND ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Launch ‫א‬KE٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
LOW‫א‬S0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HIGH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SET
‫א‬‫א‬Q1=HIGH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH‫א‬
‫א‬LOW‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬AND‫א‬‫א‬OR‫א‬  ‫א‬AND
HIGH TC(Terminal Count)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Data Bus‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Hex Switch‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B3B2B1B0‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬
- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AND
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HIGH ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AND
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  
‫א‬TC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LOW‫א‬
‫א‬AND‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ HIGH
‫א‬‫א‬LOW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
R1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 LOW‫א‬RESET‫א‬
‫א‬PE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
OR‫א‬‫א‬HIGH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AND ‫א‬
K 9 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬
 KE٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE7475F

K‫א‬L‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 

- ١٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬EOptocoupler ) ‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( Buffer Stage )‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Stepper Motor ‫א‬  J
+V  J
OptoIsolator ‫א‬  J
PROM32 ‫א‬  J
E7475FD   J
74LS168AL‫א‬‫א‬  J
Hex Key ‫א‬  J
logic Switch  J
GROUND  J
2-In AND‫א‬  J
Data Seq   J
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

Plotter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 EEdit PROM/RAMF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE٦ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬٣٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬K٨‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٤F
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧ J٤F‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬OK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Enter
 K‫א‬
‫א‬E٥ J٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬U/D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬PE (Parallel Load) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬KLOW‫א‬AND‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
‫א‬KLOW‫א‬PE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Trace ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬7‫א‬‫א‬7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LOW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬PE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EOptocoupler)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬U/D
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٨ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٤F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 Ascii Key  J
Hex Key ‫א‬  J
Lock   J
Window E‫א‬F  J
Pulser   J
Logic Display   J
Delay ‫א‬  J
Piezo Buzzer ‫א‬  J
Inverter   J
GROUND   J
No PushButton   J
Logic Switch   J
Alt‫א‬‫א‬F  J
KE 
Inductor   J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 KE٩ J٤F‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬OCW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬NO (Normally Open) ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬C‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬NC (Normally Closed)‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬C‫א‬NO‫א‬
 KE١١ J٤F‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٤F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬E١٢ J٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

Relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬NC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٤F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٤F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
E٩ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬OC‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( Enable Alarm F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ( Reset Alarm F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٩ J٤F ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢ J٤ J٧ J١)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
‫א‬( Enable Alarm F ‫א‬EReset Alarm) 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDelay) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬٥ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

E١٤ J٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E١٤ J٤F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 LM741‫א‬‫א‬  J
17.6 V   J
Resistors ‫א‬  J
SPST Switch ‫א‬  J
+V ‫א‬5V  J
KGROUND  J
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬D0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LSB(Least Significant Bit)‫א‬‫א‬
MSB (Most Significant Bit) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D3‫א‬
 5V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬50‫א‬
K-1V‫א‬‫א‬20.01 K
‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬‫א‬1100‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
D1D0 ‫א‬‫א‬D3D 2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5V
‫א‬‫א‬ I 3 = = 0.4mA D3‫א‬
12.5KΩ
5V
  ‫א‬  I 2 = = 0.2mA D2‫א‬
25KΩ
 Vout = −[(0.4mA + 0.2mA)*20KΩ] = −12V ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬E١٥ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬5V‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
١٦K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١ J٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K12‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٦ J٤
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KParallel Port (DB25)‫א‬‫א‬Serial port (DB9) ‫א‬EInterfaceF‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬
 KE١٧ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
(Data 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬macro
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Sequencer)
‫א‬‫א‬(c++)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELoop)
‫א‬E٢ J٤)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
EF ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(LPT2 F‫א‬(LPT1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E0x272) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(0x378F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( pin F‫א‬‫א‬ ( Male connectionF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D
EFemale connectionF

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D
 KD5D4D3D2
 

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨ J٤F

- ١٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬Schematic Diagrams ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 
 
 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 G
 EF‫א‬G
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W١ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬Schematic Diagrams ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬KMass production‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬Schematic Diagram‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KCircuitMaker2000 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Protel‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CircuitMaker2000
‫א‬‫א‬Full Wave Rectifier‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KCircuitMaker2000

 
 K‫א‬E١-٥F

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‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE٢-٥F‫א‬‫א‬TraxMaker K١
 
 

 
 KTraxMaker‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F
 
KE٣ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٥F
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

PCB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬OK‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬،(Printed Circuit Board)
‫א‬‫א‬TraxMakerCircuitMker2000
KE٤ J٥F

 
 
 KTraxMakerE٤ J٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE٥ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J٥F
 KOK‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

KE٦ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F
- ١٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬Fit Board to Window ‫א‬ K٧

 KE٧ J٥F
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٥F

- ١٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩ J٥F
 

 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٥F

- ١٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬?Options‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
E١٠ J٥F”Setup”?‫א‬
 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

KE١١ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٥F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٥F
KOK‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٥F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
KE١٣ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬ERotate 90)

 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٥F
- ١٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
KE١٤ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٥F
 
( BoardF‫א‬( Route F K١٥
KE١٥ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
K“Layout” ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٥F
E١٦ J٥F‫א‬ K١٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٥F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٧
K‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٥F‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٥F
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٥F
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٥F
E١٩ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٩
 

- ١٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٥F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢١
KE٢٠ J٥F?? K٢٢

- ١٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬E٢٠ J٥F

KE٢١ J٥F‫א‬ K٢٣

 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬W٢١ J٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Options‫א‬? K٢٤
KE٢٢ J٥F
 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٥
K( PrintF‫א‬،E٢١ J٥F‫א‬
KE٢٣ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٦
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٧
KE٢٤ J٥F
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٥F

٢٧٢٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬
KE٢٥ J٥F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥ J٥F

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٠
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Mentor  ( Cadence F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVerilogHDL)‫א‬EGraphics)
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
Kleitz, W., Digital Electronics A Practical Approach, 5th edition,  J١
Prentice Hall, 1999.

Kirkpatrick, J. M., Electronic Drafting and Printed Circuit Board  J٢

Design, Galgotia Publications pvt. Ltd, 1988.

Malvino, A. P., Electronic Principles, 5th edition, Glencoe, 1993.  J٣

Boylestad, R. L., Introductory Circuit Analysis, 6th edition,  J٤

Maxwell Macmillan, 1990.

Kimber, W. , Practical Digital Electronics for Technicians, 2nd  J٥

edition, Newnes, 1997.

Floyd, T. L., Fundamentals of Linear Circuits, Prentice Hall, 1992.  J٦

CircuitMaker Manual.  J٧

TraxMaker Manual.  J٨

http://www.airborn.com.  J٩

Samir Palnitkar, VerilogHDL, A guide to Digital Design and  J١٠

Synthesis, IEEE 1361-2001 Compliant, 2nd edtion2003.

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‫א‬  ‫ א‬٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

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