TS311: CARBON FOOTPRINT

PRESENTATION
 OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Definition of carbon footprint
• Notion of carbon footprint
• Methods of carbon off-setting
• Tourist Itinerary
• Ways in which tourists can reduce carbon
emission
• Recommendations
• Conclusion
• Reference
 Introduction
• Carbon emission is becoming a major
problem in this era of technology and tourism.
• In one way or the other, tourists tend to
produce carbon emission by either travelling
in a bus with 60 people or even travelling
alone in a private car.
• This presentation will give an itinerary for four
different types of travels together with
pointing out ways in which carbon emission
can be minimized.
 What is Carbon Footprint?
• The harmful gases produced by humans and the
activities they perform, namely greenhouse gases
contributes to the emission of carbon in the
atmosphere. This gases are produced either
directly or indirectly and when accounted for, it is
known as Carbon Footprint.
• According to Sundha & Melkania in their Journal,
carbon footprint is defined as the calculation of the
quantity of CO2 and other harmful gases in the
atmosphere emitted by an individual or an
organization by using up fuels such as fossil fuels,
(Sundha & Melkania, 2016).
 Notion of carbon footprint
• Different people have different believes and ideas about
carbon footprint.
• According to Weidema, “carbon footprint is seen as an
indicator which helps to calculate the negative threats to the
surrounding”, (Weidema et al. 2008).
• Whereas Wilson states that “carbon footprint measurement
allows individuals to gain knowledge about the influences
one’s behavior has on global warming”, (Wilson, 2015).
• Relating to that, Hrasky in a journal suggests that “carbon
footprint represents a number of problems associated with
negative effects on the environment and degradation”,
(Hrasky, 2012).
• This represents that studies show carbon footprint is a major
concern as it has bad impacts on the nature and environment.
 Methods of carbon off-setting
• A study suggests that “carbon offsetting is a way to
reduce the consumption of carbon emission and looking
for ideas that can save carbon dioxide at critical places”,
(Carbon Footprint, 2015).
• Create Awareness- about the negative impacts of carbon
footprint on the environment. Awareness can be done
through advertisements on TV and Radio, putting up of
posters, educating in schools.
• Plant trees so that carbon in the atmosphere can be
used by the trees. Trees like mangrove planting,
mahogany planting, or participating in ‘plant a tree’
campaign.
• Use renewable energy such as solar power, wind power,
Hydro power or even use bio fuels.
Tourist Itinerary
Question 1
 Carbon
Mode of Activities
Date/Time Particular Distance Footprint
Transportation Involved
(tons)

Depature from paris

>Car 32 km 0.01
28/Sep to Charles De Gaulle
11.18 pm Airport
Day1 (duration: 42 min) Travelling

29/Sep Charles De Gaulle

12.00 am Airport to Singapore > Singapore Airlines
10,717 km 0.86
to 5.50 pm Changi Airport SQ335 - Economy > Dinner at Hawker
Day 1 (duration: 12h 50') Food Co.
> Relaxation at the
Airport lounge
(Stop duration:
14h40')

29/Sep
09.30 pm Singapore Changi > Singapore Airlines > Relaxation at the
to 7.05 pm Airport to Brisbane SQ235- Economy Airport lounge
Day 2 Airport (Stop duration: 2h
(duration: 7h 35') 40') 6,141 km 0.45
 Brisbane Airport to
01/Oct
Henderson
09.45 am > Solomon Airlines
International
to 2.00 pm IE701 - Economy > Relaxation at the
[Honiara]
Day 3 Airport lounge
(duration: 3h 15')
(Stop duration: 1h
45') 2,124 km 0.16

01/Oct Honiara to Munda

03.45 pm Airport (New > Solomon Airlines
to 4.40 pm Georgia) IE802 - Economy
Day 3 (duration: 55mins)
332 Km 0.02

No carbon
Munda Airport to calculated if
> Car
Agnes Lodge less than
20km
01/Oct 1.1 km
4.40 pm to
4.45 pm
Day 3
Stayed in Agnes Rest in the Hotel
Lodge Lunch and Dinner No carbon
at the Seafood footprint
Restaurant and Walking
Munda Bar. distance
 2 gallons * ½
hr = 1 *
5.02(biodies
el) lb
=5.02lb of
Co2
Agnes Lodge to the 1.26 metric
02/Oct Cave of the Kastom > Scuba Diving tons
Day 4 Shark > Boat (25 min) and snorkeling 14 km

No carbon
footprint
03/Oct Walking
Day 5 Agnes Lodge > Walk > Rainforest tours 5 km distance

2 gallons * ½
hr = 1 *
5.02(biodies
el) lb
=5.02lb of
Co2
04/Oct > Sightseeing Estimated 0.00156 tons
Day 6 Agnes Lodge > Boat (30- 50 min) lagoon tours 30 km

05/Oct Agnes Lodge to Segi >Tropical island

Day 7 village > Car atoll visits 72 km 0.02
 1gallons * ½ hr
= 0.5 * 5.02 lb
=2.51b of Co2
1.26 metric
06/Oct tons
Day 8 Agnes Lodge to Lagoon > Boat (20 minutes) Underwater wonders 7 km

No carbon
calculated if
07/Oct Agnes Lodge to munda less than 20km
Day 9 Village > Walk Wildlife fauna tours

4 gallons * 1 hr
= 4 * 5.02 lb
= 20.08 lb of
Co2
08/Oct Sport Fishing within 0.01004 tons
Day 10 Agnes Lodge to Lagoon > Boat (1 hours) the lagoon
Land-based No carbon
American, New calculated if
09/Oct Agnes Lodge to Ghizo Zealand and Estimated less than 20km
Day 11 Village > Walk Japanese WW2 sites 18-20 km

10/Oct No carbon
03.20 pm to Return > Car calculated if
03.25 pm Agnes Lodge to Munda less than 20km
Day 12 Airport (5 min ) 1.1 km
10/Oct
Munda to Henderson
03.45 pm to > Solomon Airlines IE802 -
International [Honiara]
4.40 pm Economy
(duration: 55mins)
Day 12
332 Km 0.02

10/Oct Henderson
04.40 pm to International [Honiara] Solomon Airlines IE701 -
7.55 pm to Brisbane Airport Economy > Relaxation at the
Day 12 (duration: 3h 15') Airport lounge
(Stop duration: 1h 45') 2,124 km 0.16

11/Sep
09.45 pm to Brisbane Airport to Singapore Airlines SQ235-
5.20 am Singapore Changi Economy > Relaxation at the
Day 13 Airport Airport lounge
(duration: 7h 35') (Stop duration: 2h 40') 6,141 km 0.45

11/Sep Singapore Changi

8.00 am to Airport to Charles De Singapore Airlines SQ335 -
10,717 km 0.86
8.50 pm Gaulle Airport Economy > Dinner at
Day 13 (duration: 12h 50') > Relaxation at the
Airport lounge

Depature from Charles

Car 32 km 0.01
12/Sep De Gaulle Airport to
12.30 pm paris
Day 14 (duration: 42 min)
Question 2
 Mode of Carbon
Date/Time Particular Activities Involved Distance
Transportation Footprint (tons)

No carbon
Travel from 4 station footprint since
Street to Sydney less than 20km
Airport Taxi 2.3 km walk

Travel from Sydney Travelling

Airport to Nadi
International Airport Fiji Airways 3168 km 2.35 metric tons

Friday 20th
September 2019
No carbon
footprint since
Travel to Sheraton Rosie Holidays less than 20km
Resort, Denarau. Bus 14.8 km walk
Get room keys
Relax and get
familiar with the
amenity
Get ready for
dinner (Feast
Restaurant,
Sheraton) and
Arrival & Check in at rest and sleep No carbon
 > Breakfast (Feast
Restaurant)
>Big Bula water park
> lunch (Mama’s
Pizza)
> Family time in pool
> Rest
Saturday 21th Explore the property of >Dinner (Ports’ O
September 2019 Denarau By foot Call) Less than 20km No carbon footprint

> breakfast (Feast

Restaurant)
> Join kids club
> Adult Spa
> Lunch (Bonefish
Seafood Restaurant)
> Tour in Denarau
Sunday 22nd > Rest
September 2019 By foot > dinner 15km No carbon footprint

> Breakfast (Feast

Restaurant)
> Day cruise with
caption cook
> Back to resort 10 gallons * 8 hr =
> Dinner (Feast 80 * 5.02 lb
Monday 23rd By foot Restaurant) = 401.6 lb of Co2
September 2019 Cruise Ship > Rest 75 km 0.182344 tons
> Breakfast
(Bulaccino Cafe)
> Village tour
> Lunch
> Pool time with
family
> Dinner (Nadina
Tuesday 24th By foot Authentic Fijian
September 2019 Car Restaurant) 17 Km No carbon footprint
 > Breakfast (Feast
Restaurant)
> Explore 5 kids club
at Denarau with kids
> Lunch (Amalfi
Italian Restaurant)
> Explore the beach
> Room
>Dinner (Indigo
Indian Asian
Wednesday 25th Restaurant)
September 2019 By foot >Packing Less than 20km Less than 20km
breakfast (Feast
Restaurant)
Wait for the Rosie
Checkout at the resort By foot Holiday Bus Less than 20km No carbon footprint

No carbon footprint
Travel from resort to Nadi since less than 20
Thursday 26th International Airport Rosie Holidays Bus 14.8 km km
September 2019
Travelling

Nadi International Airport

to Sydney Airport Fiji Airways 3168 km 2.35 metric tons

No carbon footprint
Sydney Airpoort to 4 since less than 20
Station Street Taxi 2.3 km km
Question 3
 DATE PARTICULARS MODE OF ACTIVITIES INVOLVED DISTANC Carbon
TRANSPORTATIO E footprint
N

4th Ports of Auckland South Pacific Cruise  Breakfast 1258km 12.2 Metric
September level 1 to Port of  Lunch tons of CO2e
2019 Noumea, New  Dinner
Caledonia  Accommodation
 Entertainment
 Activities
 Spa Service

South Pacific Cruise  Breakfast No carbon

5th and 6th  Lunch footprint
September At Sea  Dinner
7th Romantic Tour
September  Breakfast
Arrive Noumea, New Caledonia  Barbequed lobster 63km
New Caledonia travel connection for lunch 8.1 Metric tons
hotel car  Use of stand up of CO2e
8AM- 5PM paddles boards,
canoes and
snorkeling.
 Back to the ship

Noumea to South Pacific Cruise  Cruise ship tour 160km 16.5 Metric
7th - 8th Lifou, New tons of CO2e
September Caledonia

Arrive Lifou New Local Tour Bus  Visit local villagers 56km 0.01 Metric
8th Caledonia  Visit the Museum tons of CO2e
September  Relax at Easo
8am-6pm beach
 Back to ship
8th-9th Leave Lifou, New South Pacific 385km Metric tons of
Septembe Caledonia for Port Cruise CO2e
r Vila Vanuatu

24th Local Tour Bus  Vanuatu Cultural

Septembe (Round Island Centre
r Safari)  Blue Lagoon
Arrive Port Vila,  Eton Beach 90km 0.01 Metric tons
Vanuatu  Lunch at Le Life of CO2e
Resort
Stay over 8AM-  Takara Hot Springs
6PM  American Pool
 Visit to chief Roi
Mata's Domain
 Shopping at Tanna
Coffee
Development
 Back to ship

10th , Leave for Auckland South Pacific  Breakfast 2216km 15.05 Metric tons
11th,12th New Zealand Cruise  Lunch of CO2e
Septembe  Dinner
r  Accommodation
 Entertainment
 Activities
13th Arriving South Pacific 11.0 Metric tons
September Auckland, New Cruise of CO2e
Zealand
Question 4
DATE PARTICULARS MODE OF ACTIVITIES DISTANCE/TIM CARBON
TRANSPORTATION INVOLVED E FOOTPRINT

SUVA-NADI BUS TRAVELLING 189 km 0.02 tonnes of

25TH AIRPORT 5 HOURS CO2e
OCTOBER
2019

25TH NADI PLANE TRAVELLING 8854 Km 0.05 tonnes of

OCTOBER INTERNATIONA 14 HOURS CO2e
2019 L AIRPORT TO
SINGAPORE
CHANGI
AIRPORT
14 HOURS
FLIGHT

25TH SINGAPORE CAR THE FAMILY 3.5 Km NO CARBON

OCTOBER AIRPORT TO PICKED THE 10 MIN FOOTPRINT
2019 106 TANAH STUDENT SINCE LESS
MERAH BESAR FROM THE THAN 20 KM
RD AIRPORT
26TH TANAH TO CAR THE FAMILY 1.6KM NO CARBON
OCTOBER BALLOTA PARK WENT TO THE 5 MIN FOOTPRINT
2019 162 Mariam PARK SPEND SINCE LESS
way, Singapore THERE DAY THAN 20 KM

27TH TANAH TO CAR THE FAMILY 4.8KM NO CARBON

OCTOBER I.JOOZ- Pure WENT TO FOOTPRINT
TASTE THE
2019 fruit juice on the 15 MIN SINCE LESS
FRESH
go, Estella SQUEEZED THAN 20 KM
garden condo JUICE.

27TH I.JOOZ TO CAR TRAVELLING 9.6 Km NO CARBON

OCTOBER CHANGI TO MUSEAM FOOTPRINT
2019 CHAPEL AND WITH FAMILY 18 MIN SINCE LESS
MUSEAM, 1000 THAN 20 KM
upper change rd.
Singapore
28TH TANAH TO CAR THE FAMILY 1-9 Km NO CARBON
OCTOBER HOBBY THE AND THE 5 MIN FOOTPRINT
2019 GATHERING, STUDENT SINCE LESS
369 Loyang WENT THAN 20 KM
rise, Singapore SHOPPING

28TH 106 TANAH CAR THE FAMILY 3.5 Km NO CARBON

OCTOBER MERAH BESAR DROPED THE 10 MIN FOOTPRINT
2019 RD TO STUDENT TO SINCE LESS
SINGAPORE THE AIRPORT THAN 20 KM
AIRPORT

28TH SINGAPORE PLANE TRAVELLING 8308.54 km 1.26 tonnes of

OCTOBER CHANGI CO2e
2019 AIRPORT TO 10 HOURS 5
NADI MIN
INTERNATIONA
L AIRPORT
 Ways in which Tourists can reduce
Carbon Emission
• Lightly travelling your carbon footprint with heavier baggage is
heavier, as the fuel consumption of aircraft is increased to increase
the load. Take only what you need in clothing, such as taking bottles
of toiletries in travel size that you refill and reuse.
• Stay in low carbon impact accommodations.
• Try a tour Choose companies that utilize the best environmental
practices—even if it takes work, or added expense.
• Provide clear data and encourage on and off the premises about
low-carbon operations, such as walking, running, biking, canoeing,
rafting, biking, etc.
• Drive a low carbon vehicles
• Drop the pounds Efficient packaging not only helps to restrict what
you really require, it also decreases the carbon emissions of an
aircraft
• Take less trips: Fly less often. Some people limit their flight, for
instance. George Monbiot, the well-known environmental reporter
for the Guardian, flies every 3 years.
 Recommendations
• Mitigation: An intervention to lower
greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere, either through reducing sources
or enhancing sinks
• Buy local produced food
• Walk, cycle or take public transport
• Recycle, re-use and avoid unless purchase
• Choose accommodation which are eco
friendly and produce less carbon emission.
 Conclusion
• Finally, carbon footprint is a serious matter
and it needs to addressed carefully.
• In this presentation of the Tourist Itinerary, the
most sustainable one is Question 2 and it
produces less carbon emission since most of
the time guests are walking.
• The least sustainable Itinerary is Question 1
and Question 3 and both of them requires
long travelling which produces a lot of carbon
emission.
 Reference
Sundha, P. & Melkania, U. 2016, "Carbon footprinting: a tool for environmental management", International Journal of
Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 247-257.

Weidema, B., Thrane, M., Christensen, P., Schmidt, J. and Lokke, S. 2008. Carbon Footprint: A Catalyst for Life Cycle
Assessment. Journal of Industrial Ecology 12.

Wilson, D.R.,PhD.M.S.N.R.N.I.B.C.L.C.A.H.N.-B.C.C.H.T. 2015, "Do You Know Your Carbon Footprint?", International
Journal of Childbirth Education, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 4-5.

Hrasky, S. 2012, "Carbon footprints and legitimation strategies: symbolism or action?", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability
Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 174-198.

Carbon Footprint. (2015). A leading provider of full sustainability services. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from
http://www.carbonfootprint. com/

Air New Zealand. (2017, August 15). Retrieved from www.airnewzealand.com

bp Global. (2017, August). Retrieved from what is a carbon Foot Print: http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp internet/global/
Carbon Footprint. (2017). Retrieved from CALCULATE: http://www.carbonfootprint.com/measure.html
Carbon footprint Calculator. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calcutor.aspx
Carbon Neutral Tourist. (2012, November 23). Retrieved from LIFE09 ENV/GR/000297 :
http://carbontour.uest.gr/uploads/DELIVERABLE_5.2b_GUIDE_FOR_TOURISTS_EN.pdf
cleaner climate. (2017). Retrieved from travel emission and offset purchase calculators:
www.cleanerclimate.com/en/cacluators
Deale, C. (2013). Sustainability: Focusing on Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel. The Journal of Sustainability Education.
Fiji Airways. (2017, August 15). Retrieved from Fiji Airways: www.fijiairways.com
P&O. (n.d.). Retrieved from PA.
P&O. (2017, August 03). Pacific Island Hopper. Retrieved from P&O: https://www.pocruises.com.au/cruises/pacific-island-
hopper/w743