Liceul Unitarian “János Zsigmond”

Profilul: Teologie Unitariană

Specializarea: Teologie Unitariană-Engleză Intensiv

Lucrare de diplomă pentru examen de atestare a competenței lingvistice

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PUNK

Profesor coordinator: Candidat:

Selyem Tünde Gyulai Farkas-Bertalan

Cluj-Napoca
2018
 A brief history of PUNK!

Introduction:
In this paper I’m going to present a fraction of what we call today punk. This paper is
based on facts from many sources like Wikipedia or some documentary movies and general
knowledge, but also it’s heavily filled with my own opinions on this topic.
I will start telling the story from the very beginning, from the birth of this genre, which is not
that specific because its roots can be found on three continents: North America, Europe (United
Kingdom) and Australia.
In the first chapter you will find some general aspects of this cultural movement and later on you
can see it evolving in a more detailed way. The reason why I chose to talk about this music and
this kind of lifestyle is simply because it’s really close to me. I’ve been obsessed with the energy
that it transmits since I was a little boy so it’s obvious for me to choose this topic.
Also another reason I made this is that I want to dissipate some misconceptions and stereotypes
revolving in many conversations about punk, mostly supported by people who are uneducated on
this field. After all it’s never too late to learn something new. Every day is an opportunity to
widen your knowledge. Punk has many traits and thoughts that are as useful in today’s running
world as it was back in the days.
Capturing the essence of things that happened is the past can be really difficult, but with the right
information I hope I can raise awareness upon problems that people were dealing with through
punk but are still with us today. To start it all I quote The Exploited, a great punk band that
„punk’s not dead” and it will never be!
The punk way:
Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of
expression, visual art, dance, literature and film. It is largely characterised by anti-establishment
views and the promotion of individual freedom, and is centred on a loud, aggressive genre of
rock music called punk rock. Its adherents are referred to as "punks", also spelled “punx” in the
modern day.
Punk politics cover the entire political spectrum. Common punk ethos includes anti-
authoritarianism, a do-it-yourself ethic, non-conformity, direct action and not "selling out".
There is a wide range of punk fashion, including deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets,
Dr. Martens boots, etc., hairstyles such as brightly coloured hair and spiked mohawks, etc.,
cosmetics, tattoos, jewellery and body modification. Women in the hardcore scene typically
wore masculine clothing.
An important aspect of punk was creating explicitly outward identities of sexuality. Everything
that was normally supposed to be hidden was brought to the front.
Punk aesthetics determine the type of art punks enjoy, which typically has underground,
minimalist, iconoclastic and satirical sensibilities. Punk has generated a considerable amount of
poetry and prose, and has its own underground press in the form of zines. Many punk-themed
films and videos have been made.
Ideologically punks are frequently categorised as having left-wing, revolutionary, anarchist or
progressive views, punk political ideology covers the entire political spectrum. Punk-related
ideologies are mostly concerned with individual freedom and anti-establishment views. The issue
of authenticity is important in the punk subculture—the pejorative term "poseur" is applied to
those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or
understand the underlying values or philosophy.
Punk aesthetics determine the type of art punks enjoy, usually with underground, minimalistic,
iconoclastic and satirical sensibilities. Punk artwork graces album covers, flyers for concerts, and
punk zines. Usually straightforward with clear messages, punk art is often concerned with
political issues such as social injustice and economic disparity. The use of images of suffering to
shock and create feelings of empathy in the viewer is common. Alternatively, punk artwork may
contain images of selfishness, stupidity, or apathy to provoke contempt in the viewer.
Much of the earlier artwork was in black and white, because it was distributed in zines
reproduced at copy shops. Punk art also uses the mass production aesthetic of Andy Warhol's
Factory studio. Punk played a hand in the revival of stencil art, spearheaded by Crass. The
Situationists also influenced the look of punk art, particularity that of the Sex Pistols. Punk art
often utilises collage, exemplified by the art of Dead Kennedys, Crass, Jamie Reid, and Winston
Smith. John Holmstrom was a punk cartoonist who created work for the Ramones and Punk.
The Stuckism art movement had its origin in punk, and titled its first major show The Stuckists
Punk Victorian at the Walker Art Gallery during the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. Charles Thomson,
co-founder of the group, described punk as "a major breakthrough" in his art.
Two dance styles associated with punk are pogo dancing and moshing. The pogo is a dance in
which the dancers jump up and down, while either remaining on the spot or moving around; the
dance takes its name from its resemblance to the use of a pogo stick, especially in a common
version of the dance, where an individual keeps their torso stiff, their arms rigid, and their legs
close together. Pogo dancing is closely associated with punk rock and is a precursor to moshing.
Moshing or slamdancing is a style of dance where participants push or slam into each other,
typically during a live music show. It is usually associated with "aggressive" music genres, such
as hardcore punk and thrash metal. Stage diving and crowd surfing were originally associated
with protopunk bands such as The Stooges, and have appeared at punk, metal and rock concerts.
Ska punk promoted an updated version of skanking. Hardcore dancing is a later development
influenced by all of the above-mentioned styles. Psychobillies prefer to "wreck", a form of slam
dancing that involves people punching each other in the chest and arms as they move around the
circle pit.
So again, in a few words punk can be characterized as: fast, aggressive, outspoken, non-
conformitive, raw, simple, critical, anarchist, rebellious.

The roots, proto-punk:

I know non of the above had much sense, but now that we are over the formalities and
you know the basics, we can start the real deal.
What does proto-punk mean? It’s simple. The term “proto” is originated from an ancient greek
word that means “before”. In this connotation today we use is to refer to something’s ancestor or
predecessor.
According to the Allmusic guide:
“Proto-punk was never a cohesive movement, nor was there a readily identifiable proto-punk
sound that made its artists seem related at the time. What ties proto-punk together is a certain
provocative sensibility that didn't fit the prevailing counterculture of the time ... It was
consciously subversive and fully aware of its outsider status ... In terms of its lasting influence,
much proto-punk was primitive and stripped-down, even when it wasn't aggressive, and its
production was usually just as unpolished. It also frequently dealt with taboo subject matter,
depicting society's grimy underbelly in great detail, and venting alienation that was more intense
and personal than ever before.”
So in one word proto-punk is something like punk, but not quite.
The first proto-punk band I want to talk about is The Velvet Underground, and considerably the
most famous too. The band formed in 1964 in New York City by singer/guitarist Lou Reed,
multi-instrumentalist John Cale, guitarist Sterling Morrison, and drummer Angus MacLise. The
band's integration of rock and the avant-garde achieved little commercial success during their
existence,[ but they are now recognized as one of the most influential bands in rock,
underground, experimental, and alternative music. The provocative subject matter, musical
experimentation, and often nihilistic attitudes explored in the band's work would prove
influential in the development of punk rock and new wave music. Their music as the Rolling
Stones magazines said in 2003 is “the most prophetic”. The sounding and the lyrics are the
foundation of later punk songs.
You have to understand that in this time period you can’t really point somewhere and say that
this is everything started, so we can find proto-punk band across the globe.
One of the is The Kinks. They were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North
London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most
important and influential rock bands of the 1960s The band emerged during the height of British
rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, and were briefly part of the British Invasion of the United
States until their touring ban in 1965. Their third single, the Ray Davies-penned "You Really Got
Me" is a great example of early punk due to the very fast phased drumming and provocative
lyrics, of course just for those days.
One of my favourite early punk band is The Monks. They were an American garage rock band
formed in Gelnhausen, West Germany in 1964. Assembled by five American GIs stationed in the
country, the group grew tired of the traditional format of rock, which motivated them to forge a
highly experimental style characterized by an emphasis on hypnotic rhythms that minimized the
role of melody, augmented by the use of sound manipulation techniques. With them we can
observe the satirical and black side of the punk as a whole. They many times dressed as monks
and mock the church on stage which is later on a major aspect of punk.
Another great group is MC5. They are also an American hard rock band, but what makes them a
punk ancestor is their behavior on stage. In 1968 they appeared in the television where the
damaged the set and in the history of TV we could be the witnesses of the first middle finger flip.
They caused a big outrage but they didn’t knew right then what is next to the corner.
The very best example of proto-punk is Iggy Pop’s band, The Stooges. They were an American
rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton,
drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Playing a raw, primitive style of rock and
roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their
confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by frontman Iggy
Pop. This kind of acts on stage were taboo until then. This is how Iggy revolutionized the music
industry. Also nobody talked about his or her willing of becoming a dog for someone. Iggy once
said in the documentary of Jarmusch that “a song’s lyrics should’t be composed from more than
30 words”, which refers to the simplicity of the punk music.

First punk wave on two fronts:

 1972 is the year since we can really talk about punk music and punk as a lifestyle.
Thankful to the bands mentioned before, now we have all the essentials to kickstart the punk as
everybody knows it. We have everything it takes to kickstart a movement. The elements now just
waited for the right person or band to use it. Let’s see who are they. Also the two fronts are the
US and Britain.
Did I mention that this is all a reaction to the hippies? Yes, people got tired of the sloppiness of
the hippies. That’s why the punk formed as counter movement.
Now lets begin with someone who may be familiar: Lou Reed. Yes, the singer, song writer of the
band Velvet Underground mentioned before. Well, when they split up he made his own music all
alone. His 1972 album “Transformer” is one of the most iconic piece of music. Beside the
musical appropriation to punk, he openly speaks about oral sex in one of his most famous song
“Walk on the wild side”. (this is a very punkish thing to do).
A year later in 1973 the New York Dolls broke into the mainstream with their hit “Looking for a
kiss”. The New York Dolls were an American hard rock band formed in New York City in 1971.
Along with the Velvet Underground and the Stooges, they were one of the first bands of the early
punk rock scenes. Although their original line-up fell apart quickly, the band's first two albums
—New York Dolls (1973) and Too Much Too Soon (1974)—became among the most popular
cult records in rock. They bought in the glam rock too, but beside the musical sounding which is
definitely punk, they were the pioneers of the gender related topics too. Remember, back then the
people weren’t as open minded but when they saw them in those slim, sparkly pants and heard
that good music, the people started overlooking that minor thing, also that style gave them
originality.
Not too long after this, In 1974 the Ramones formed. Yes that band that’s on every generic T-
shirt nowdays, but nobody can name a song from them. The band formed in the New York City
neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the
punk rock sound. Despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was vastly
influential in both the United States and the United Kingdom, inspiring also the emergence of
hardcore punk, pop punk, and alternative rock. All of the band members adopted pseudonyms
ending with the surname "Ramone", although none of them were related. They performed 2,263
concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years. In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music
festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the band's
original members, lead singer Joey Ramone (1951–2001), bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone
(1951–2002), guitarist Johnny Ramone (1948–2004) and drummer Tommy Ramone (1949–
2014), had died.
Surprisingly the next band in the row it’s not Sex Pistols. Actually there’s a band in Australia
that formed and had their first album out before the Pistols, they are called The Saints. founded
by Chris Bailey (singer-songwriter, later guitarist), Ivor Hay (drummer), and Ed Kuepper
(guitarist-songwriter) in 1974. Alongside mainstay Bailey, the group has had numerous line-ups.
In 1975, contemporaneously with American punk rock band the Ramones, the Saints were
employing the fast tempos, raucous vocals and "buzz saw" guitar that characterised early punk
rock. With their debut single, "(I'm) Stranded", in September 1976, they became the first "punk"
band outside the US to release a record, ahead of better-known acts including the Sex Pistols and
the Clash. They are one of the first and most influential groups of the genre.
Now we can talk about the Sex Pistols. The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that
formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the
United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Although their
initial career lasted just two and a half years and produced only four singles and one studio
album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, they are regarded as one of the most
influential acts in the history of popular music. The Sex Pistols originally comprised vocalist
Johnny Rotten (John Lydon), guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook and bassist Glen
Matlock. Matlock was replaced by Sid Vicious in early 1977. Under the management of
impresario Malcolm McLaren, the band provoked controversies that captivated Britain. Their
concerts repeatedly faced difficulties with organizers and authorities, and public appearances
often ended in mayhem. Through an obscenity-laced television interview in December 1976 and
their May 1977 single "God Save the Queen", attacking Britons' social conformity and deference
to the Crown, they precipitated one of the more significant pop culture–based moral panics.
According to Bob Geldof, "Rock music in the seventies was changed by three bands—the Sex
Pistols, the Ramones and the Saints". I can totally agree with this statement. They were the most
influential. Their music reflected on the current state of their country but also the moral and
sentimental state of the individual, that’s why they got so popular.
Now it’s time for my favourite band the UK scene: The Clash. They formed in London in 1976
as a key player in the original wave of British punk rock. They have also contributed to the post-
punk and new wave movements that emerged in the wake of punk and employed elements of a
variety of genres including reggae, dub, funk, ska and rockabilly. For most of their recording
career, the Clash consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Joe Strummer, lead guitarist and
lead vocalist Mick Jones, bassist Paul Simonon, and drummer Nicky "Topper" Headon. Headon
left the group in 1982, and internal friction led to Jones' departure the following year. The group
continued with new members, but finally disbanded in early 1986. The Clash achieved
commercial success in the United Kingdom with the release of their self-titled debut album, The
Clash, in 1977. Their third album, London Calling, released in the UK in December 1979, earned
them popularity in the United States when it was released there the following month. It was
declared the best album of the 1980s a decade later by Rolling Stone. In 1982 they reached new
heights of success with the release of Combat Rock, which spawned the US top 10 hit "Rock the
Casbah", helping the album to achieve a 2× Platinum certification there. Their final album, Cut
the Crap, was released in 1985. The Clash's politicized lyrics, musical experimentation, and
rebellious attitude had a far-reaching influence on rock, and alternative rock in particular. They
became widely referred to as "The Only Band That Matters", originally a promotional slogan
introduced by the group's record label, CBS. In January 2003, shortly after the death of Joe
Strummer, the band—including original drummer Terry Chimes—were inducted into the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Clash number 28 on its list of the 100
greatest artists of all time.
And of course we can’t forget about The Jam. While it shared the "angry young man" outlook
and fast tempo of the contemporary mid-1970's British Punk Rock movement, in contrast with it
the band wore smartly tailored suits reminiscent of English pop-bands in the early 1960s, and
incorporated mainstream 1960s rock and R&B influences into its sound, particularly from The
Who's work of that period, and also drew influence from the work of The Kinks and the music of
American Motown. This placed the act at the forefront of the 1970s/1980s nascent Mod Revival
movement.

The punk fashion:

We can’t take any steps further without talking about the fashion trend, which is a huge
part in the way of being a punk. The whole thing started in the UK, in a small boutique called
SEX. was a boutique run by Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood at 430 King's Road,
London between 1974 and 1976. It specialized in clothing that defined the look of the punk
movement. Malcolm knew the guys from the Sex Pistols so he asked them to wear his and
Vivienne’s clothes. The youth saw them on stage in those clothes and that’s where all comes
from. The guys who took everything to the next level, creating what we call horror punk, are the
Misfits. They were an American band formed in 1977.

Second punk wave, hardcore punk:

As we slowly step in the ’80s, things are changing a little bit. The first punk wave was
full of energy it burned with big flames so it couldn’t last for long. Now, in the ‘80s it’s
evolving. In the UK scene the alternative rock is coming to surface beside post-punk and ghotic
rock. As they are no longer so called punk, I’m not going to discuss about them, I will just
mention some great, iconic bands: Joy Division, Talking Heads, Gang of Four, The Cure,
Bauhaus and Siouxsie and the Banshees. I have to tell you that this gothic, darker, alternative
style must have came from the punk look, but as I mentioned, everything gone to a further level,
more likely the clothes influenced the music. Whiles on the UK scene everybody was depressed
and emo, on the other hand in America things started going wild. Hardcore punk, the true
absolute form of this genre in my opinion. Also as I mentioned in the introduction, this is the era
where most of the misconceptions started. It’s true, this genre of music is not for everybody, it’s
loud, it’s violent but I want to get some things straight. Not everyone who listens to this kind of
music is an aggressive, uneducated, alcoholic. As you dig deeper in this music you can find out
that the inspirational source many times is jazz, and classical music too. Punk is just the
manifestation of a society that is sick and hypocritical. The more you know about the failure of
humanity as a whole, the more you will like punk. Punk is just designed that way so it’s not
accessible for everyone. Punk is for rebels, punk is for free thinkers who can see further the
capitalist way of life, who doesn’t want to join a machine that wants your life in exchange of
some shiny objects. This cultural movement started because of the frustration in the society and
when the people will realize in what kind of world we are living, punks will rise again. Okay,
okay, I kind of wandered far from the object so now lets see what is happening on the American
hardcore punk scene.
The first hardcore band to rise was Black Flag. formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California.
Initially called Panic, the band was established by Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter,
and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes in the band. They are widely
considered to be one of the first hardcore punk bands as well as one of the pioneers of post-
hardcore. After breaking up in 1986, Black Flag reunited in 2003 and again in 2013. Black Flag's
sound mixed the raw simplicity of the Ramones with atonal guitar solos and, in later years,
frequent tempo shifts. The lyrics were written mostly by Ginn, and like other punk bands of the
late 1970s and early 1980s, Black Flag voiced an anti-authoritarian and nonconformist message,
in songs punctuated with descriptions of social isolation, neurosis, poverty, and paranoia. These
themes were explored further when Henry Rollins joined the band as lead singer in 1981. Most
of the band's material was released on Ginn's independent record label SST Records. Along with
being among the earliest punk rock groups to incorporate elements and the influence of heavy
metal melodies and rhythm, there were often overt freestyles, free jazz, breakbeat and
contemporary classical elements in their sound, especially in Ginn's guitar playing, and the band
interspersed records and performances with instrumentals throughout their career. They also
played longer, slower, and more complex songs at a time when other bands in their milieu
performed a raw, fast, three-chord format. As a result, their extensive discography is more
stylistically varied than many of their punk rock contemporaries.Black Flag was and remains
well-respected within the punk subculture, primarily for their tireless promotion of an
autonomous DIY punk ethic and aesthetic. They are often regarded as pioneers in the movement
of underground do-it-yourself record labels that flourished among 1980s punk rock bands.
Through constant touring throughout the United States and Canada, and occasionally Europe,
Black Flag established a dedicated cult following.
Another great band is Minor Threat. They were an American hardcore punk band, formed in
1980 in Washington, D.C. and disbanded in 1983. The band was relatively short-lived, but had a
strong influence on the punk scene, both stylistically and in establishing a "do it yourself" ethic
for music distribution and concert promotion. Minor Threat's song "Straight Edge" became the
eventual basis of the straight edge movement, with the band often professing their own "straight
edge" ideals. AllMusic described Minor Threat's music as "iconic" and noted that their
groundbreaking music "has held up better than [that of] most of their contemporaries."
Now here comes The Exploited. Actually, they are the only well known hardcore band from the
islands. I must introduce them to you. The Exploited are a Scottish punk rock band from
Edinburgh, Scotland, formed in 1979, in Edinburgh by Stevie Ross and Terry Buchan and later
by ex-soldier Wattie Buchan (Terry's brother). They signed to Secret Records in March 1981,
and their debut EP Army Life and debut album Punks Not Dead were both released that year.
The band maintained a large cult following in the 1980s among a hardcore working class punk
and skinhead audience. Although The Exploited continue to perform live to this day, they have
not released any studio material since their last album Fuck the System in 2002. Their songs
have been covered by Slayer and Ice-T, and despite many lineup changes, Wattie has remained
as the Exploited's singer and leader.
And now the best for last, (*drum roll*) here comes the all time greatest punk band, the Dead
Kennedys. I can’t praise them long enough. They are everything punk means. They’ve got the
lyrics straight, they’ve got the moves, the music, the following, they are just brilliant. They
formed in San Francisco, California, in 1978. The band was one of the first American hardcore
bands to make a significant impact in the United Kingdom.Dead Kennedys' lyrics were usually
political in nature, satirizing establishment political figures (both liberal and conservative) and
authority in general, as well as popular culture and even the punk movement itself. During their
initial incarnation between 1978 and 1986, they attracted considerable controversy for their
provocative lyrics and artwork. Several stores refused to stock their recordings, provoking debate
about censorship in rock music; in the mid 1980s, vocalist and primary lyricist Jello Biafra
became an active campaigner against the Parents Music Resource Center. This culminated in an
obscenity trial between 1985 and 1986, which resulted in a hung jury. The group released a total
of four studio albums and one EP before disbanding in 1986. Following the band's dissolution,
Biafra continued to collaborate and record with other artists including D.O.A., NoMeansNo and
his own bands Lard and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, as well as releasing several spoken
word performances. Dead Kennedys played numerous shows at local venues afterwards. Due to
the provocative name of the band, they sometimes played under pseudonyms, including "The
DK's", "The Sharks", "The Creamsicles" and "The Pink Twinkies". The band's real name
generated controversy. San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen wrote in November 1978,
"Just when you think tastelessness has reached its nadir, along comes a punk rock group called
'The Dead Kennedys', which will play at Mabuhay Gardens on Nov. 22, the 15th anniversary of
John F. Kennedy's assassination." Despite mounting protests, the owner of Mabuhay declared, "I
can't cancel them NOW—there's a contract. Not, apparently, the kind of contract some people
have in mind." However, despite popular belief, the name was not meant to insult the Kennedy
family, but according to Biafra, "to bring attention to the end of the American Dream". 6025 left
the band in March 1979 under somewhat unclear circumstances, generally considered to be
musical differences. In June, the band released their first single, "California Über Alles", on
Biafra and East Bay Ray's independent label, Alternative Tentacles. The band followed with a
poorly attended East Coast tour, being a new and fairly unknown band at the time, without a full
album release. The original logo was created by Winston Smith. He later contributed artwork for
the covers of In God We Trust, Inc., Plastic Surgery Disasters, Frankenchrist, Bedtime for
Democracy, Give Me Convenience or Give Me Death, the back cover of the "Kill the Poor"
single and the Alternative Tentacles logo. When asked about the "DK" logo in an interview, Jello
Biafra explained, "...I wanted to make sure it was something simple and easy to spray-paint so
people would graffiti it all over the place, and then I showed it to Winston Smith. He played
around with it, came back with a bunch of designs that had the circle and slightly 3-D looking
letters and he had ones with different patterns behind it. I liked the one with bricks, but
ultimately I thought simple red behind it was the boldest and the best." Dead Kennedys have
been described as a hardcore punk band. Dead Kennedys were noted for the harshness of their
lyrics, which generally combined biting Juvenalian social satire while expressing a staunchly
left-wing view of contemporary America. Unlike other leftist punk bands who use more direct
sloganeering, Dead Kennedys' lyrics were often snide. For example, "Holiday in Cambodia" is a
multi-layered satire targeting both yuppies and Cambodia's recently deposed Khmer Rouge
regime.
 Conclusion
What can I say? I love everything about this music genre and I love that this is a cultural
movement too, even though it’s just a subculture. From the start I observed that I didn’t like what
everyone else is, and for a long time I was searching the answer for it, I was searching a place
where I belong and when I found out about punk I felt like I have finally arrived.
I hope I could provide useful information about it. This is just as the title says, a brief history of
it, a path that you can start walking on if you are interested.
Bibliography:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_subculture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-punk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramones
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_Pistols
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_(boutique)
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Misfits
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Flag_(band)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Threat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exploited
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Kennedys
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kinks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stooges
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Reed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Dolls
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Saints_(Australian_band)